INTERNATIONAL

JOURNAL FOR PASTORS

FEBRUARY 2010

PASTORS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ASSIMILATING NEW MEMBERS Broadcast Live from First Congregational Participating Organizations Church of Pasadena, United Church of Christ, THE WORD... 464 E. Walnut Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 FOR THESE (Adjacent to Fuller Theological Seminary Campus) TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 2010 TIMES 1:00–4:30 P.M. U.S. Eastern Time [Repeat Broadcast APRIL 21, 2010]

Lawrence Geraty is the Marguerite Shuster is the Roy Adams is the Associate Miroslav Volf is the Henry B. President Emeritus of La Sierra Harold John Ockenga Professor of Editor of the Adventist Review and Wright Professor of Theology at Yale University. He grew up as a citizen of Preaching and Theology at Fuller Adventist World, serving in this Divinity School, and Founder and the world in a Christian missionary Theological Seminary. She joined position since 1988. He was born Director of the Yale Center for Faith and family who ministered in China, the School of Theology faculty in in the Caribbean, and received his Culture. A native of Croatia, Dr. Volf Burma, Hong Kong, and Lebanon. 1992 after serving as an adjunct education at schools in Grenada, has forged a theology of forgiveness Educated in seven different countries assistant professor. Her courses Trinidad, Canada, and the United and non-violence in the face of the and various states across the USA set include Homiletics, Systematic States. The bulk of his pastoral work horrendous violence experienced in him on a lifelong course committed Theology, Making Doctrine Live, was in the Ontario and Quebec Croatia and Serbia in the 1990s. While to the values of diversity. Lawrence and various preaching practica. provinces of Canada. After obtaining he maintains active interest in many Geraty earned a PhD with distinction Marguerite Shuster’s published a PhD in Theology from Andrews aspects of faith’s relation to culture, his from Harvard University in Hebrew books include The Fall and Sin: What University, he lectured at what is primary work has focused on theological Bible and biblical archaeology, taking We Have Become as Sinners (2004), now the Adventist International understandings of work, the church, examinations in 10 languages. In his Perspectives on Christology: Essays Institute of Advanced Studies the Trinity, violence, reconciliation, notable scholarly career, Dr. Geraty in Honor of Paul K. Jewett (1991), (AIIAS) in the Philippines. From that and memory. Miroslav Volf has given has received numerous honors, and Power, Pathology, Paradox: the base, Roy Adams’ teaching and many prestigious lectureships and including a Fulbright Fellowship and Dynamics of Evil and Good (1987). speaking appointments took him to is a highly awarded author. Free of serving as advisor on archaeology She also edited and completed many other Asian countries, and he Charge: Giving and Forgiving in a Culture to former Crown Prince Hassan of Jewett’s Who We Are: Our Dignity continues to be a highly sought after Stripped of Grace was selected as the Jordan. As well as being president as Human (1996) and has published international speaker at major clergy Archbishop of Canterbury’s Lenten of several scholarly societies, he many articles, sermons, chapters, and professional development meetings. Book for 2006. Exclusion and Embrace: has also served as Professor of reviews. She is currently working on Dr. Adams has also served as A Theological Exploration of Identity, Archaeology and History of Antiquity a long-term project on the doctrine associate secretary of the Canadian Otherness and Reconciliation received at Andrews Theological Seminary, of divine providence. Marguerite Union. Roy Adams is a prolifi c writer the 2002 Grawemeyer Award. He President of Atlantic Union College, Shuster is an ordained minister in and has authored several books over has also been featured on National and more recently President and the Presbyterian Church (USA) and the years. His three latest: Crossing Public Radio’s “Speaking of Faith” and Professor of Archaeology at La Sierra served as an associate pastor for six Jordan (2005); From the Heart (2007); Public Television’s “Religion and Ethics University. years then a solo pastor for fi ve years. and The Wonder of Jesus (2008). Newsweekly.”

Broadcast LIVE by satellite BROADCAST INFORMATION on Hope Church Channel Church and LIVE via webstreaming at Hope Channel – (North America) Hope Channel International – (Pacific Rim LIVE Tuesday, April 20, 2010 www.ministerialassociation.com and Southeast Asia) 1:00 – 4:30 pm US Eastern daylight time. Repeat: Wednesday, April 21, 2010 888-446-7388 Call or E-mail [email protected] 01:00 – 4:30 GMT (11:00 am Sydney, Australia) if you need broadcast reception parameters Hope Channel Europe – (Europe) Hope Channel Europe – (Europe) 21, 2010 LIVE Tuesday, April 20, 2010 Repeat: Wednesday, April 9:00 – 12:30 GMT (11:00 am Berlin, Germany) 301.680.6515 301.680.6502 17:00 – 20:30 GMT Hope Channel International – (Africa) For more information, including broadcast 20, 2010 [email protected] LIVE Tuesday, April parameters, please contact us or visit 17:00 – 20:30 GMT http://preach.ministerialassociation.com preach.ministerialassociation.com AVAILABLE AT NO COST TO YOU! CONTENTS

Pastors’ perspectives on 04 LETTERS assimilating new members 06 Part 1—Challenges and needs EDITORIAL We have set a goal for baptizing new members, which will 05 bring us converts. But have we also set a goal for teaching them to obey Christ’s commands, which is needed to make 29 DATELINE them disciples? Jane Thayer 30 RESOURCES Organized for purpose An overview of how church structure developed to its 12 present state. Barry D. Oliver

MINISTRY® INTERNATIONAL EDITORS Interview with Planned Giving & International Journal for Pastors Chinese-Robert Wong 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Indonesian-Edwin T. Pandjaitan Trust Services Spring, MD 20904-6600 U.S.A. Japanese-Yukio Ebihara 14 www.ministrymagazine.org Korean-Sung Sun Hong Discussing what happens to family and assets after a [email protected] Portuguese (South America)- Zinaldo Santos EDITOR person dies is not a favorite topic. But that discussion must Russian-Ilie Leahu Nikolaus Satelmajer take place. Spanish (South America)- ASSOCIATE EDITOR Marcos Blanco Nikolaus Satelmajer & Willie E. Hucks II Willie E. Hucks II Spanish (Inter America)-Pablo Perla CONSULTANTS TO EDITOR INTERNATIONAL ADVISORS John Fowler, Clifford Goldstein, Balvin Braham, Ron Clouzet, Daniel Spirit-driven leadership: A Myrna Tetz Duda, R. Danforth Francis, Passmore EDITORIAL SPECIALIST Hachalinga, John Kakembo, Gerry perspective from Ellen G. White Sheryl Beck Karst, Janos Kovacs-Biro, Ilie Leahu, 19 The issue of leadership is not limited to the world of politics, Miguel Luna, Jan Paulsen, Bruno OPERATIONAL SPECIALIST Raso, Ángel M. Rodríguez, Ranieri John Feezer IV business, industry, and economy. The Christian church, with Sales, Hector Sanchez, Houtman OFFICE ASSISTANT Sinaga, Gary Webster, Walton its worldwide mission and responsibility to develop men and Mervyn Lee Williams, Measapogu Wilson women of character and endurance, also searches for ADVERTISING SUBSCRIPTIONS leaders with vision and commitment. How are such Cheri Gatton 12 issues: United States US$32.80; [email protected] Canada and overseas US$45.95. leaders made? +1 208-965-0157 To order: send name, address, and Cindy Tutsch SUBSCRIPTIONS/RENEWALS/ payment to Ministry® Subscriptions, ADDRESS CHANGES 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver ministrysubscriptions@ Spring, MD 20904-6600 U.S.A. gc.adventist.org TO WRITERS +1 301-680-6508 The judgment: An Adventist We welcome unsolicited manu- +1 301-680-6502 (fax) perspective scripts. Before submitting, review COVER ILLUSTRATION the writers’ guidelines at 23 What are some of the symbols and pictures through which Emily Harding www.ministrymagazine.org. Please LAYOUT send manuscripts via email to the Scriptures describe the heavenly reality of judgment? 316 Creative [email protected]. John F. Duge

Why Adventists need ADRA Director Anthony Kent | [email protected] | +1 301-680-6516 The author shares seven reasons for needing this ministry. 27 MINISTRY® has been published PRINTER Pacifi c Press® Pub. Assn., Jay Edison monthly since 1928 by the Minis- 1350 N. Kings Rd., Nampa, ID 83687 terial Association, General Confer- Standard mail postage paid at Nampa, ence of Seventh-day Adventists® Idaho. (ISSN 0026-5314) ASSOCIATE SECRETARIES Member of Associated Church Press. Jonas Arrais, Sharon Cress, Adventist®, Seventh-day Adventist®, Anthony Kent, Peter Prime, and Ministry® are the registered BIBLE CREDITS Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, Nikolaus Satelmajer trademarks of the General 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. Scriptures quoted from NKJV are from The New King James MINISTERIAL RESOURCE CENTER Conference Corporation of Version, copyright © 1979, 1980, 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc., Publishers. All rights reserved. Scripture quoted from KJV is from the King James Version. Seventh-day Adventists®. Scripture texts quoted from NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of Coordinator Cathy Payne the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. 888-771-0738, +1 301-680-6508 Vol. 82 Number 2 © 2010 www.ministerialassociation.com PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

MINISTRY 3 FEBRUARY 2010 LETTERS

Our Readers Respond...

The Pacifi c Rim issue— emotive report enthused me to herbivorous [v. 15], bones [like] iron October 2009 reject, once again, the lure one may [v. 18], swallowing great volumes he article titled, “The Adventist face of placing radio ministry to the of water [v. 23]). While it is not clear TChurch in the Pacific Rim: An side. In most of the world—where whether Job’s description of the Interview,” inspired and challenged radio is still the prime source of behemoth being herbivorous points me. [The leaders] captivated me with information—the life-changing to a pre-curse disposition, the latter their responses on how they manage power and authority of the gospel part of verse 19 hints at a post-curse to remain spiritually relevant in spite may only be realized through AWR creature with the words, “ ‘yet his of their busy schedules of church and its partner broadcasters. Billions Maker can approach him with his administrative work. may never be able to afford to click a sword’ ” (NIV). These words intimate As a district pastor, I have mouse but will click a radio dial into a change to fangs and claws, the often found myself overwhelmed the kingdom of God! equivalent in the animal kingdom to by church responsibilities to an —Michael M. Kuyenga, pastor, Nyakato Seventh- the thorns and thistles in the plant extent that the systematic reading of day Adventist Church, Mara Conference, Tanzania kingdom. the Bible has, at times, lamentably Genesis 1:29, 30 reveals that appeared as a luxury in my schedule. The Bible and dinosaurs before sin, all creatures were I was therefore humbled to learn take issue, in part, with Raúl noncarnivorous. Further, Genesis that a church leader at the division I Esperante’s position in his article 3:18 states that because of sin, level finds time amid his church (“What Does the Bible Say About “ ‘thorns and thistles [the ground] administration work itinerary to read Dinosaurs?”—December 2009) shall bring forth for you’ ” (NKJV). the Bible all the way through, at least that “the Bible does not shed any Just as some plants took on injurious two or three times a year. light on [the belief]” that “dinosaurs characteristics, so, too, this occurred John Wesley said that he wanted appeared as the result of the curse within the animal kingdom. The Bible to be homo unius libri, a man of one after Adam’s and Eve’s sin . . . nor makes this clear when it describes Book (Bible). This is an attitude worth does it explicitly identify which the reversion of the carnivores to emulating, not just by the top church animals changed as a result of sin their Edenic character in the new administrators but by everyone in [or] what kind of changes these earth. Isaiah 65:25 (cf. 11:6–9) the ministry in any capacity. It is might have been.” “ ‘the wolf and the lamb shall feed true that lingering in God’s presence Though tersely, the Bible does together, / The lion shall eat straw deepens our intimacy with Him and describe some very large and like the ox. . . . They shall not hurt makes us able to represent Him powerful animals being part of the nor destroy in all My holy mountain,’ better in our ministry. We need more original Creation, which are absent says the Lord” (NKJV). of such edifying interviews. today. But it also describes aberrant It is my belief that these changes —Erick Were, pastor, Mbita district, Kenya Lake and adverse changes in animals and were not the result of adaptation, Field, East African Union plants after the entrance of sin. Even speciation, or mutation over time; more, it points to the future reversal rather, they were allowed by our enjamin D. Schoun’s article of these changes in the new earth. Creator as a manifestation of the B(“Adventist World Radio Beams So, where is the light from the curse. the Gospel to Millions in the Pacifi c Bible on the above? Job’s description —Kent Knight, pastor, Grandview, Washington, Rim”) touched me as never before. of the behemoth in 40:15–24 United States Having ministered with AWR for ten includes its being indomitable (this years in Tanzania, Dr. Schoun’s story calls for large size) among the beasts Adventist education about AWR in the Pacifi c Rim made (v. 19). It had a “tail like a cedar” that appreciated the well-written article me extremely nostalgic about [the] would be conical (v. 17, KJV). This is Iby Thambi Thomas (“The Critical radio gospel mission. consistent with the remains of many Role of Pastors in Adventist Edu- A superfi cial assessment about dinosaur species but not at all with cation”—December 2009). As a present-day media engagement may the popular suggestions that are passionate supporter of Adventist blur our focus from the tremendously found in some Bible versions such education, I found his insights both signifi cant impact of radio ministry. as a hippopotamus or elephant. fascinating and challenging. How- [The] enticement may be to elevate The crocodile interpretation hardly ever, the line, “School administrators, the audiovisual broadcast over the conforms to the detailed description solely audio beam. Dr. Schoun’s Job provides (i.e. large [v. 19], Continued on page 22

MINISTRY 4 FEBRUARY 2010 EDITORIAL | WILLIE E. HUCKS II

The benefi ts of assimilation

uring the summer of 2005, This process of assimilation carries looking for opportunities to serve, while pondering the call to benefi ts for everyone in the church— and we found them. I hope others Djoin the Ministerial Asso- for those who enter into this new have been as blessed from our being ciation of the General Conference, relationship as well as for those who there as much as we have been Ministerial Association secretary have been in the church, whether for blessed by being there. James Cress invited me to spend a few years or many decades. Assimilation lessens the burdens a week with him and the associate Assimilation leads to spiritual on others. Two of the Cradle Roll secretaries. During that week I was strengthening. Many carry with them teachers at Dupont Park have been not only exposed to the responsi- a common fallacy that new believers serving in that capacity for more than bilities and activities of each team must feed off the spirituality that 40 years. Upon joining the Dupont member, but of greater importance, already exists in a local congregation. Park family, my wife volunteered I was able to spend quality time with And, of course, the church should her services in Cradle Roll. The net each of these individuals. Doing so and does nourish and nurture these effect? The three teachers lessen was crucial because in order for us new believers. But the truth also is the load for one another, allowing to function harmoniously, I had to that these individuals who may have them to take a break from carrying catch the ministerial vision of the been a part of other congregations as many responsibilities as was once team and we needed to develop a are the same as those who are a part the case. sense of family. of their new congregation—growing In years past, I pastored churches Every week in churches world- believers in Christ who love the Lord that did not have the luxury of having wide, men and women experience and desire to walk according to several teachers in one classroom. the same situation I did four and a the light they possess. Even those How does one lessen the burdens half years ago. As I wrestled with who did not belong to any religious for others? This becomes a greater deciding whether to change jobs fellowship possess the capability to challenge; but the conscientious and move my wife and children contribute to a conversation about pastor—aware of the need to lessen 1,500 miles away from family and God while assisting their new fel- the potential strains on the unsung friendships, I recognized that other low believers to come to a better heroes of local church ministry— people also wrestle with whether understanding of God and enjoy a works all the more to see that the to change churches and move their stronger walk with Him. church assimilates its newly baptized, families away from long-established Assimilation allows people to returning, and transfer members. congregational relationships. They fortify one another through their fi nd themselves thrust into catching spiritual gifts. My family and I have In this issue a new vision of service and develop- been blessed since we moved our The lead article in this issue, ing a newfound sense of family. It memberships, upon arriving in this written by Jane Thayer, explores is not only those who move from area, to the Dupont Park Seventh-day the challenges that churches face one city to another and need to Adventist Church in Washington in assimilating new members. In fi nd a new church to call “home,” D.C. We have been nourished and April 2010, part 2 of her series will but those who transfer from one nurtured as a result of the various discuss strategies for discipling new denomination to another, and previ- ministries within the body of Christ members. ously inactive church members who there—not just as a result of the But whether your church mem- return to congregational life. preaching and music, but other bers are new, returning, or ministries ranging from the Sabbath transferring, I pray that the assimila- The need to assimilate School class I attend to the warm tion process in your churches leads By assimilation I refer to the pro- fellowship we experience (yes, I con- to the spiritual fortification of the cess of seamlessly becoming a part sider fellowship to be a ministry). saints, “so that the body of Christ of something that already exists, But we have made our own con- may be built up until we all reach taking on its life, and enriching the tributions. My son serves as a junior unity in the faith and in the knowl- life of the organism that already deacon, my daughter works with edge of the Son of God and become exists. The relationship is symbiotic; youth ministries, my wife assists mature, attaining to the whole mea- that is, all elements contribute each with Pathfi nders, and I have taught sure of the fullness of Christ” (Eph. to the other, nourishing each other. the new believers class. We were 4:12, 13, NIV).

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MINISTRY 5 FEBRUARY 2010 LEAD ARTICLE | JANE THAYER

Jane Thayer is associate professor emerita of Religious Education, Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary, Berrien Springs, Michigan, United States. Pastors’ perspectives on assimilating new members Part 1—Challenges and needs

he Seventh-day Adventist June and August 2008 in three than the Seventh-day Adventist Church in North America has locations across the United States. Church.” Consider the challenges established a goal of 100,000 What did we fi nd? faced by these new members as baptisms by the end of 2010. they walk into a subculture whose TOther parts of the world also have worldview often confl icts with soci- Research methodology goals for their territories. That goal A focus group methodology was ety. Pastors say that new members raises the urgent question: are the chosen because it uses open-ended want to be accepted and have a local Adventist churches prepared questions, yet allows the collection sense of belonging to this com- to nurture and assimilate these new of data in a shorter amount of time munity of believers. New members members? The gospel commission than does conducting individual wonder, What is expected of me? says that we should “go and make interviews. And what do Adventists do? disciples” by baptizing them and Pastors were supplied by asking Like entering any new culture, teaching them to obey everything individual conferences to select they immediately face a language that Jesus commanded. We have pastors based on these criteria: barrier. What is footwashing? ADRA? set a goal for the baptizing, which Camp meeting? Spirit of Prophecy? will bring us converts. But have we 1. Their interest and/or demon- Haystacks? Christian education? also set a goal for teaching them strated capability in establishing October 22? Loma Linda? Battle to obey Christ’s commands, which new believers. Creek? is needed to make them disciples? 2. Their age, gender, experience, The pastors in all four focus Dallas Willard calls this blindness to and diversity. groups were emphatic: the num- teaching “the Great Omission.”1 3. Their willingness and availability ber one challenge faced by new My interest in discipling peaked to participate. members is old members, or what when Gary Swanson, associate 4. Recommendation of confi dence one pastor called “difficult old director of the General Conference from conference leadership. members.” Or, as another said, Sabbath School and Personal Min- “They need protection from the istries Department, asked me to The conferences represented saints.” A third pastor said, “In all oversee the development of a year’s were the following: Allegheny East, the churches I’ve pastored, when worth of undated adult Bible study Chesapeake, Georgia-Cumberland, someone leaves, it’s because some guides (i.e., quarterlies) to be used Gulf States, Mountain View, Poto- member grabbed hold of them and to disciple and assimilate new mem- mac, South Atlantic, South Central just literally drove them out with bers into the Adventist Church. California, and Southern California. their unnecessary rules. ‘Don’t eat Before I could begin such a task, I this. Don’t do that.’ ” wanted to talk with pastors in order Findings These were some of the other to fi nd out what they see as the chal- Challenges within the church. difficulties that pastors felt new lenges and needs of new members As we discussed the needs of new members faced. in becoming disciples of Jesus and members, we defi ned new mem- • New members’ expectations members of the Adventist Church. bers as “adults who have joined the may set them up for disappoint- We set up three focus groups for church from some background other ment. During an evangelistic

MINISTRY 6 FEBRUARY 2010 meeting they were the center victorious life. Many fi nd, much to involved in ministry, but they also of attention, but once they their disappointment, that this is not emphasized the need for developing join the church, they may feel always the case. deep and healthy relationships with “neglected.” If a new member is the only Jesus fi rst and foremost—and then • The Adventist lifestyle presents one in his or her home who is an with the church members and their many new behaviors: Sabbath Adventist, he or she can face serious families and friends. keeping, tithes and offerings, a challenges. Some new members Relationship with Jesus. Several healthy diet, and church school, also have to deal with those from pastors stated that the new mem- to name a few. their old churches who hear about bers’ need for a relationship with • Sometimes a confl ict presents their conversion to Adventism and Jesus is the fi rst and most important itself between what the new say, “What have you done?” before need. One pastor said, “They have members have been taught sending them right to the Inter- fallen in love with Jesus, but they about lifestyle issues and how net with all the disinformation it don’t know how that translates into they see long-time members contains. their day-to-day life.” living. “I think the Internet,” one Relationships with church mem- • At times arguments among old pastor said, “is the number one bers. In more than one focus group, members destroy the fragile problem.” someone loosely quoted research faith of new members. that says new members must fi nd Personal challenges and chal- What new members need two or three friends within the fi rst lenges at home. The pastors all Once we recognize the chal- few weeks of joining the church, agreed, too, that converts bring lenges new members face, we or must fi nd six or seven friends with them many habits and addic- need to ask ourselves, What do within six months, or they will drop tions that they need and want to they need to be discipled to Christ out. Many expressed agreement overcome. Too often they assume and assimilated into the church? that new members need a mentor, that with their commitment to Christ The pastors talked about the need coach, or spiritual guardian, specifi - and their baptism they will come out for the doctrines of the church to cally called by the church, who has of the water able to live a completely be taught and to get new members the gifts of teaching and friendship,

MINISTRY 7 FEBRUARY 2010 2010 OBJECTIVE: SHARING Each church member in the BOOKS North American Division OF THE gives away at least two copies of the 2010 sharing books. YEAR

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MINISTRY 8 FEBRUARY 2010 LEAD ARTICLE | JANE THAYER

“to take that family under their matters. A pastor gave an example: the fact that they have friends and wings.” It should not be for a short “Evangelistic meetings are totally family who become a cycle of time, they said, but for six months, different from the church. More evangelism. Get them involved in a year, or longer. open. Lively singing. Then we put ministry and sharing their faith,” one Besides immediately getting two them in the church to sing, ‘Nearer pastor suggested. or three new friends, they need to increase friendships “gradually as they enter new circles, so that they don’t lose what they had [before too often they [converts] assume baptism], but instead they gain.” They have to feel that they belong to this church family. To accept new that with their commitment to members as friends and part of our church family seems like a simple Christ and their baptism they will thing to do until you realize that new members and old members live and come out of the water able to live function in two separate worlds. The pastors’ greatest frustra- tion dealt with the issue of some a completely victorious life. many long-time members’ attitudes and behavior toward new members. find, much to their disappointment, There was consensus on the impor- tance of preparing the church for that this is not always the case. new members. “My problem,” said another pastor, “is that the culture I create for evangelism, the pre-work, the meeting itself, is a foreign culture My God to Thee.’ That’s a culture What biblical teachings to the church. We say that nurturing shock.” and doctrines need to and soul winning is our primary min- The pastors in all four focus be taught? istry. People come into the church groups expressed the importance Besides relational needs, we believing that, but when they settle of getting new members involved discussed the biblical teachings and down into the church, the church’s in some kind of ministry. They Adventist doctrines that new mem- culture is not that culture. So it’s a need to feel that the local church bers need to be taught during their shock. All of those things [that we needs them. Serving with others in fi rst year as members. At fi rst, all did for evangelism] are events, not a ministry also naturally develops four groups would list things such culture to the church.” personal relationships with other as tithing, Sabbath observance, “The problem is that disciple- members. diet, health reform, church history, ship is not purely cognitive,” said Relationships with family and eschatology, Christ’s ministry in the a pastor. “It must be modeled, not friends. The pastors presented two sanctuary, and the gift of prophecy. simply taught. Who will model it? types of intentional instruction that But very quickly they slipped To come into this church now, you new members need in relating into a discussion of approaches are coming into a group of people to family and friends. First of all, or emphasis. One said, “When it who have never been discipled they need to know how to explain comes to doctrines: heaven, the themselves. They are just clinging their new lifestyle even while they millennium, some of those doc- to the twenty-eight fundamental themselves are still learning how trines—those are really hot buttons. beliefs. That’s powerful, but it’s to implement or adjust to it. All of Hell is really big. They want to talk absent of the relational.” the issues around Sabbath keeping within the context of what they are Relationship with the church as immediately become a source of seeing in the movies and TV. We an organization. For people who curiosity, or annoyance, to their aren’t addressing this in the context come into the church through an family and friends. Then there are of what they are seeing.” evangelistic series, the transition dietary changes and the giving up Talking about the relevance of from the evangelistic meetings of alcohol. These lifestyle issues the worship service, a pastor said, to the regular church may bring directly affect relationships. “Those thirty or forty minutes that a difference not only in personal Second, they need to be encour- people dedicate to come to church relationships but also in worship aged to bring their friends and and to have an encounter with styles, meeting location, and other family to church. “Capitalize on God—those moments are special

MINISTRY 9 FEBRUARY 2010 “.“. . . O sing praises unto the Lord.” —PSALM 68:32

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MINISTRY 10 FEBRUARY 2010 LEAD ARTICLE | JANE THAYER because the people are waiting for challenges, they have a great need their old beliefs. During this something. . . . And we can have to establish new relationships time of reevaluation, the great knowledge of history and among believers and be given time support of the Christian theology, but if we don’t apply the to grow in Christ. How the church community is extraordinarily Word to their issues today, it’s not responds to them often determines important. . . . When indi- going to be relevant. They’ll say, whether or not they can make it viduals convert one by one ‘That was nice; but I didn’t learn through this diffi cult transformation. . . . they often lack strong anything that had to do with my The tragedy is that too often group support. Only the life.’ ” church members do not sincerely most committed sustain “I notice,” said a pastor, “that welcome them and provide the their new faith outside a many [Bible study] guides are not discipling they need. Instead, many supporting community of even asking questions people would offer apathy or judgment. As one faith.3 ask. They are just asking questions pastor said, “The disciplers need that fi t with the text.” Another pas- to be discipled.” Bill Hull, who has If we, the Adventist Church, are tor supported that comment: “Ask spent more than 20 years focused successful in assimilating and disci- the hard questions. . . . I fi nd that on discipling, says that “the church pling new members that we are people get offended if we don’t ask struggles with what it means to praying will come into the church, the question even when we don’t follow Jesus.” He says the church we will need to declare 2010—and have the answer.” itself needs to be evangelized “to beyond—as the Years of Disciple- The pastors became quite choose the life of discipleship.”2 ship in addition to the emphasis on animated when they began to For the Adventist Church to choose evangelism. emphasize the importance of study- the life of discipleship will require ing the Word, and not any specifi c more than a few seminars on “How Part 2 of this research report will focus on teaching. One pastor said frankly, to Witness” and “How to Wel- discipling strategies. “I think we need to emphasize come New Members.” In many the place of the Word of God. If cases, members themselves need 1. Dallas Willard, The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives (San Francisco, CA: I spend some time in the Word, a worldview transformation from HarperSanFrancisco, 1990), 15. maybe some of my questions will be a Christless Christianity to a sur- 2. Bill Hull, Choose the Life: Exploring a Faith That Embraces Discipleship (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2004), 14. answered instead of [my being part rendered following of Jesus. 3. Paul G. Hiebert, Transforming Worldviews: An of] a generation that says, ‘That’s Near the end of his book, Anthropological Understanding of How People Change just not the way I see it.’ ” Transforming Worldviews: An (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), 331. “I struggle with closing the gap Anthropological Understanding of Tell us what you think about this article. between cognitive knowledge and How People Change, Paul Hiebert Email [email protected] personal experience in what I am summed up in one paragraph the or write to 12501 Old Columbia Pike, preaching and teaching,” a pastor essence of what I learned from the Silver Spring, MD 20904. confessed. “I struggle with how to 41 pastors in four focus groups: present the Word. I can teach them about forgiveness and how they are We must . . . realize that saved. But how can I lead them with new converts often experi- that same teaching to experience ence “conversion shock.” forgiveness and rejoicing in their Their initial reaction is often personal salvation?” one of euphoria and joy. When this wears off, they Conclusion and begin the difficult task of refl ections learning to think and live as When people make or renew a Christians. They must learn commitment to follow Jesus and a new language, behave in join the Seventh-day Adventist new ways, and form new Church from another denomina- relationships. In short, they tion or from no religion, most must must be enculturated into Read the writer’s go through a classic worldview a new culture and social- guidelines to transformation. The comments and ized into a new community. learn how you can stories of the focus-group pastors During this period new contribute to Ministry reinforced the diffi culty of such a converts often face periods change. At the same time, because of doubt and depression. and much more at these new members are faced with They question their deci- ministrymagazine.org close family and friend relationship sion, and some return to

MINISTRY 11 FEBRUARY 2010 BARRY D. OLIVER

Barry D. Oliver, PhD, is president of the South Pacifi c Division of Seventh-day Adventists, headquartered in Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia. Organized for purpose

he Seventh-day Adventist Church organization: representatives of the people,” (4) Church has seen two major 1860–1863 no regular support for the ministry, reorganizations. The first The form of organization adopted and (5) no legal provision for holding occurred from 1860–1863, in 1863 consisted of three levels: property.1 Organization of the church Tabout 16 years after the disap- local churches; state conferences, meant that these and many other pointment of 1844. In the early which comprised the local churches problems could be dealt with 1860s, the fl edgling denomination in a designated area; and a General systematically. had only 3,500 members scattered Conference, which comprised all in 125 local churches, which were the state conferences. The General Reorganization: represented by 6 local conferences Conference was located in Battle 1901–1903 across a few of the eastern states Creek, Michigan. The offi cers were As the church continued to grow of the United States. Represen- a General Conference president, rapidly, the meager organization tatives from these conferences secretary, and treasurer, and an set in place in 1863 could not cope gathered in Battle Creek, Michigan, executive committee of three. with the numeric, geographic, and—despite considerable opposi- General Conference sessions were and institutional expansion of the tion—adopted a denominational to be held annually. Seventh-day Adventist Church. By name in 1860 and an organizational An obvious question is, Why was the turn of the century, its 75,000 form in 1863. it deemed necessary to organize members were spread—not only The second major period of the Adventist believers into a across the United States—but in organizational reform took place in denomination in the fi rst place? In fact, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, 1901–1903. These were diffi cult years there was some concerted opposition and increasingly in the mission fi elds. for the denomination. Although the to the whole idea. And how was The organizational structures of 1863 membership had grown to 75,000, the specifi c form of organizational could not cope with this expansion, the members were becoming structure decided? Interestingly, a nor with the increase in departments increasingly scattered, and leaders precise theological answer cannot and institutions that oversaw the realized that other organizational be found. The church fathers did not publishing, educational, health, and structures were now needed to deal decide on an organizational form missionary interests of the church. with the growing church. based on any particular biblical model. Each of these became a separate Subsequent to the reorganization Though some general notions of entity in itself, outside of the existing of 1901–1903, many other structural stewardship of personnel and fi nancial organizational structure of the church, adjustments have been made. In resources certainly did infl uence the but calling on the services of already 1915, the General Conference was discussion, what dictated the need overextended administrators. The divided into a number of divisions for organization, and the subsequent church was in danger of drowning in that have specifi c responsibility for shape it took, was a list of pragmatic its own bureaucracy. administering large areas of the globe necessities that, if left unattended, Fortunately, the church had some (the South Pacifi c Division and North would stifl e growth. farsighted leaders who realized the American Division, for example). In 1907, A. G. Daniells, General danger and the need for change. At Study continues to be given to the Conference president at the time, the forefront was Ellen G. White. At organizational and administrative reflected on some of the reasons no time did she attempt to prescribe needs of the Seventh-day Adventist for the organization in 1863. His list the exact form that organizational Church—a church that continues to included (1) failure to keep proper reform was to take; she left that grow and diversify but intends to church membership records, (2) to the delegates at the General maintain its unity and integrity as a lack of church offi cers, (3) “no way Conference sessions. But she did global organization. of determining who were accredited raise her voice in a call for urgent and

MINISTRY 12 FEBRUARY 2010 innovative change. The day before 3. Local conferences in a desig- around the world. This has been the commencement of the session nated area belong to a union done in order to facilitate the work in 1901, she called the leaders conference. Union conferences of the church and prevent decision- together and in no uncertain terms are also administered by a making processes from becoming told them that “God wants a change president, secretary, and trea- too centralized and cumbersome. . . . right here . . . right now.”2 She surer. These offi cers are elected Examples of divisions of the General was ably supported, particularly by by representatives appointed Conference are the North American A. G. Daniells, who was to become for this function by the local Division near Washington, D.C.,

it is in the best interests of the church that a strong global organizational structure continues to facilitate its ministry and mission as the church takes seriously the commission of christ, which challenges us to take the gospel to the world

General Conference president at that conferences. Recently, an organi- United States; the East-Central Africa session, and by her son, W. C. White. zational structure designated as Division in Nairobi, Kenya; and the a “Union of Churches” has been South Pacific Division in Sydney, The shape of church approved by the General Confer- Australia. organization since 1903 ence as a structural option. This At the 1901 and 1903 General option omits the level of structure Conclusion Conference Sessions, the church known as the conference, mis- The organizational structures and adopted a representative organizational sion, or fi eld. It is implemented institutions of the church have served form that was shaped as follows: only in specifi c predetermined us adequately over the years. circumstances. Recently, the General Conference 1. The basic unit is the local church. 4. Union conferences and Unions has formally recognized that fl exibil- The local church comprises a of Churches around the world ity is an important principle of group of believers who have belong to the General Confer- organization as the church moves been organized as a church and ence of Seventh-day Adventists, into the twenty-fi rst century. It is in function in their community as with headquarters just outside the best interests of the church that the “body of Christ.” of Washington, D.C., United a strong global organizational struc- 2. Local churches in a designated States. General Conference ses- ture continues to facilitate its ministry area belong to “the sisterhood of sions are held every fi ve years, at and mission as the church takes churches” in a local conference, which time General Conference seriously the commission of Christ, mission or fi eld. For example, the leadership is elected and major which challenges us to take the North New South Wales Con- doctrinal and business matters gospel to the world. Continually we ference comprises Seventh-day are discussed by representatives need to assess what structures best Adventist churches in a desig- from around the world. serve the church and how these nated area of northern New South structures can continue to facilitate Wales, Australia. The conference As mentioned, subsequent to the that mission. is administered by a president, 1903 General Conference Session, secretary, treasurer, and executive the General Conference allocated 1. A. G. Daniells, “Organization—No. 3: A Brief Account of Its History in the Development of the Cause of the Third committee elected by representa- many of its administrative tasks Angel’s Message,” Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, tives from the local churches at a to General Conference Division February 14, 1907, 5. 2. “Talk of Mrs. E. G. White Before Representative Brethren in conference session, which may Headquarters, which are currently the College Library, April 1,1901, 2.30 P.M.,” MS 43a, 1901, be held every three or fi ve years. found in 13 strategic locations Ellen G. White Estate Branch Offi ce, Andrews University, 1.

Tell us what you think about this article. Email [email protected] or write to 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, MD 20904.

MINISTRY 13 FEBRUARY 2010 NIKOLAUS SATELMAJER & WILLIE E. HUCKS II

Nikolaus Satelmajer, DMin, is editor of Ministry. Willie E. Hucks II, DMin, is associate editor of Ministry.

Interview with Planned Giving & Trust Services

Editor’s note: We invite you to read For example, I leave a portion of payments can begin coming back this interview because you will fi nd my estate to God’s work in my will, to them right away. A will names an helpful information for your members. but the gift will not be given until executor to take care of the person’s We also invite you to protect your my death. estate after that person dies. A will family by making certain that your can also name guardians for minor will and other related documents are Richard Caldwell (RC): There children as well as determine who up to date. If you need assistance, are two basic kinds of trusts. A gets the assets when a person contact your local conference or the revocable trust is where individuals passes away. A will takes effect only Web site mentioned in this article keep full control and power over at death while a trust, depending in order to be directed to the appro- the assets during their lives, can upon how it is set up, can be active priate offi ce. take it back whenever they choose, both in life and after death. and then at death the assets are Nikolaus Satelmajer (NS): Please, distributed as they had stated. Then NS: Thus individuals can arrange tell us something about your team there are certain types of irrevocable through trusts so that a certain por- and your work. trusts, which involve unique tax tion of income can be turned over to consequences. An individual may the church or family while they are Jeffrey Wilson (JW): I am Jeff put the money into one of various still alive. Is that right? Additionally, Wilson, the director of Planned Giv- charitable irrevocable trusts, and they can write a will so that their ing & Trust Services at the General income will then stream back to estate will be distributed according Conference since 2000. Wilfredo that individual for a period of time. to their wishes. Sumagaysay, associate director, When that person dies, or the trust came in 2003. We have divided our ends, what is left in the trust goes to RC: Yes. In fact, with a will, they travel responsibilities among us. the church or other ministry. Though can create another trust that can Chuck Simpson, associate director, other kinds of trusts exist, those two take care of family members, special has been with us since 2002. He are the basic categories with which needs, or whatever they wish after stays close to the offi ce here and we most often deal. they, themselves, are dead. is involved in the fi le management and education in North America. NS: Who would like to say some- JW: Our work is important. We Richard Caldwell is our legal counsel thing about wills? provide people with information for at the Offi ce of General Counsel. He planning for their estates. Other- spends most of his time addressing Wilfredo Sumagaysay (WS): In wise, after their death, their income Trust Services matters. many countries, wills are the only and assets may not be distributed as instrument for Trust Services. Those they would have wanted. Willie Hucks (WH): Could you countries do not have the kinds of explain the term planned giving? trusts Richard just mentioned. WH: When there is no written will, how is the guardianship of minor JW: Planned Giving & Trust Ser- NS: What is the difference between children addressed? vices deals with gifts that need a will and a trust? planning, legal assistance, and RC: If you die and do not appoint a other kinds of professional help. RC: A trust takes effect as soon guardian in your will, then state law Sometimes the gift is deferred; we as the person creates that trust has priority. That’s why it is a critically

Photos: Herly Mayr call that, of course, deferred giving. and puts assets into it. Sometimes important part of a will, if you have

MINISTRY 14 FEBRUARY 2010 minor children, to make sure you NS: The key is for ministers name the people whom you want as to encourage church mem- the guardians of your children. bers to use the system that exists in order to protect their JW: In some countries, for example, family and decide what, if if I died, my brother could come and anything, they wish to share take everything and leave my wife with the church. and my children destitute. Sadly, that can happen in a number of RC: That’s important—your countries when a will has not been point about if they decide to written. It becomes real sticky in give to the church. Planned some countries with regards to Giving & Trust Services is the guardianship of minors. If the very careful not to tell people parents die, and there are no other what to do with their money. Adventists in the family, there’s no Our job is to share spiritual guarantee that the judge is going principles, but we never to put the children in an Adventist give recommendations. family as opposed to placing them That’s always the sole deci- with just another family member, sion church members make regardless of their religious beliefs. based on their situation, their In fact, the judge would probably discussion with family, and, Jeffrey Wilson place the child with the nearest we hope with prayer. blood relative or the nearest family with the most wealth. That’s, again, WH: I imagine a significant part RC: One of the biggest myths I why a will must be drawn up that of your job is educating people. encounter is that you must have a specifies what to do with minor What, if any, are some myths or will because if you don’t, then the state children in the event of the deaths misconceptions about wills, trusts, takes it all. That is not correct. State law of their parents. and planned giving? governs by giving priority to certain

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MINISTRY 15 FEBRUARY 2010 NIKOLAUS SATELMAJER & WILLIE E. HUCKS II

educating people in respond- have three hundred certifi ed Planned ing to donor inquiries, helping Giving & Trust Services personnel. them through the various steps of getting the details JW: One thing we’ve tried to encour- cared for and properties age is that pastors themselves have transferred properly. Not only their own wills in place. That is why for deferred giving where we created a brochure and have they give an income and the some ads you’ve seen every once gift goes to the Lord’s work, in a while in Ministry, that talk about but current giving of highly real-life pastors, what they have appreciated assets. I worked done, and how it has benefited on a gift of commercial real them personally and blessed their estate in the northeastern churches. Let me also add that we part of the United States have a Web site: www.willplan.org. valued at three-quarters of a million dollars where we NS: What is the track record of worked with a buyer to turn these trusts being managed accord- that appreciated asset into ing to what was set up? Were the cash so that the Lord’s work, provisions of the trust followed? Can in this case ADRA, will have people feel comfortable that what Richard Caldwell that money to use in the they wanted to be done is done? ministry. family members. Only when there are CS: Superb track record. no family members do the assets go NS: Does planned giving provide an to the state, which is very uncommon. opportunity for members to remem- RC: The General Conference Audit- A second myth I’ve encountered is ber their local congregation? ing Service has a team of trained the idea that Trust Services will not auditors who audit trusts and wills, administer your will or trust unless you JW: Defi nitely. That’s exactly what and verify, through their audit tests, give everything to the church. That is many church members do. that the wills and trusts are, in fact, not correct either. managed in accordance with the NS: So then, what can pastors do to terms of the documents and in NS: So, in a sense, planned giving utilize the concept of planned giving? accordance with applicable laws. tries to help us manage our assets and exercise responsibility to family JW: Invite someone from the WH: Are there special consider- members when we are no longer Planned Giving & Trust Services ations pastors or other ministers around. department to come to their church and conduct JW: That’s right. a personal estate planning seminar. NS: What else would you add to that? RC: The local pastor can talk about stewardship, preach Chuck Simpson (CS): We assist about Christian stewardship, individuals who want to irrevocably and, as part of that discus- transfer assets to a charity and receive sion, mention estate planning a life income as a part of that gift plan. with wills and trusts. If we are talking about what we do in Planned Giving & Trust Services WH: Do you have fi eld repre- and only relate to wills or revocable sentatives worldwide? trusts, that is only a portion of what happens. In the United States, there CS: Most conferences have are signifi cant benefi ts to donors who Planned Giving & Trust want to irrevocably transfer assets to Services departments, and a charity and receive a life income their staff can go to people’s as a part of that gift plan. Those gift homes or make presenta- plans take different characteristics. tions at churches. In North Wilfredo Sumagaysay So that is a big part in what we do in America, for example, we

MINISTRY 16 FEBRUARY 2010 etc., should trigger a review. of a year or over the course of a few I suggest that in general a years? person should review their plans every three to five JW: Since 1968, more than a billion years. dollars.

NS: Tell our readers about a RC: Again, a primary incentive is not living will, especially in the to increase the gifts to the church; context of today’s health- the incentive is to encourage indi- Chuck Simpson care systems. viduals to plan their estates based on their desires and situations. should keep in mind that others RC: With a medical power of attor- might not need to for themselves? ney for health care, you’re saying WH: If you had one thing to say to that—were you unable to make your pastors that would help them fulfi ll JW: When ministers move, they own medical decisions—you have the mission of planned giving, what should have their wills reviewed to delegated to some other party the would that be? make certain they meet the legal power to make those decisions for requirements of the new jurisdiction. you. With a living will, you can make RC: Plan! those decisions yourself if you are CS: All individuals, not only minis- suffering from one of the specifi c JW: If I was speaking to pastors, I ters, should review their wills, trusts, conditions outlined in the laws of would fi rst encourage the pastors etc., when they move. your state. to have their own plans in place, up to date. That would be my fi rst RC: Other events such as divorce, WH: How much does or has church priority. Then that they would health conditions, changes in fi nan- membership contributed through share these principles with their cial circumstances, birth of children, planned giving, say, over the course membership.

Tell us what you think about this article. Email [email protected] or write to 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, MD 20904.

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MINISTRY 17 FEBRUARY 2010 Who is a Christian

Hint: It’s not just your pastor leader? or the church hierarchy.

Answer: A Christian leader is anyone who uses his or her influence to promote Christ. That definition can include parents and politicians, teachers or teens, zealots or zookeepers, as well as church administrators in the traditional sense. Ellen White, one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, wrote more than one hundred thousand manuscript pages of counsel, instruction, exhortation, and comfort for the members of the nineteenth-century fledgling church and to its leaders. Cindy Tutsch, DMin, studied and selected the pertinent passages on leadership from this vast collection of manu- scripts. For the first time, this information is collected in one hardbound book—Ellen White on Leadership .

OrderOrder byby phone:phone: ISBN 13: 978-0-8163-2270-1 ISBN10: 0-8163-2270-8 1-800-765-6955 US$16.99 Or online:

www.ABCASAP.com © 2008 85590651 Prices subject to change. MINISTRY 18 FEBRUARY 2010 CINDY TUTSCH

Cindy Tutsch, DMin, is an associate director of the Ellen G. White Estate, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States. Spirit-driven leadership: A perspective from Ellen G. White

n today’s milieu of change and connected with the church, is the Spirit context of her unique theological challenge, stress and struggle, itself. According to White, true leaders structure of the great controversy growth and empowerment, must be the recipients of the Holy Spirit between Christ and Satan. Thus, she one quality that every organiza- and continually respond to the grace perceives leadership as an opportu- tionI seeks is leadership—dynamic, of God in their lives. The human heart nity extended by God to all persons motivated, goal-oriented leader- would never know happiness or real to use their influence to promote ship. Books and journal articles meaning until “it is submitted to be Christ and the kingdom of heaven. abound in the meaning and style of molded by the Spirit of God.”1 A Christian leader, therefore, is one leadership necessary to succeed in Ellen White does not see leader- who, by life and example, advances today’s world and to contribute to ship as some mystical mantle placed Christ’s mission on earth, both in the the advancement of the organization on a person, anointing that individual proclamation of His saving grace to in which one is engaged. with superiority, authority, or infalli- sinners and in heralding His coming The issue of leadership is not bility. In contrast, she presents Jesus kingdom. Accepting a position of limited to the world of politics, busi- as the Model: “The way to become leadership within a Christian con- ness, industry, and economy. The great and noble is to be like Jesus, text, thus becomes an enormous Christian church, with its worldwide pure, holy, and undefiled.”2 The responsibility: to place oneself on the mission and responsibility to develop leader’s greatest need is a personal side of Christ continually and stand men and women of character and knowledge of God, and a willingness in opposition to the inducements of endurance, also searches for lead- to be led by His Spirit. Satan, which come with tempting ers with vision and commitment. Secondly, Ellen White’s leader- conventional trappings of leadership How are such leaders made? What ship concepts were not limited or such as power, authority, wealth, and characteristics mark the mission- narrow. Her perspective was so position. driven Christian leader? What defi nes broad as to include a plethora of Though most persons usually Spirit-driven leadership? both management and leadership link leadership with administration, Christian literature provides related topics, including knowing Ellen White’s concept of leadership various valuable answers. In this God, biblical models of exemplary goes beyond. According to her, article, however, I want to share a and nonexemplary leadership, the every Christian is called to represent broad conceptual framework for empowerment of a gender-inclusive, Christ, and be an ambassador for Christian leadership that emerges age-inclusive, and race-inclusive God and His kingdom. Leaders are, from the writings of Ellen G. White. church for evangelism and service, therefore, undershepherds, who I believe that these concepts from leadership qualifications, how to unite with Christ in His redemptive Ellen G. White will provide valuable respond to the erring, and proactive mission.3 Surely that includes all of assistance to ministers. visioning and planning. us, regardless of our spiritual gifts.

Core principles What is leadership? Leadership examples To begin with, let us note two Even though Ellen White did Ellen White draws powerful core principles of leadership found in not specifically define leadership, lessons in leadership from her the writings of Ellen G. White. At the she sprinkled many cardinal points review of various Bible characters. very base of Spirit-driven leadership, throughout her writings. Her leader- For example, in Exodus 18, we have so essential for the mission of anyone ship counsel remains always in the the story of Jethro and his son-in-law

MINISTRY 19 FEBRUARY 2010 CINDY TUTSCH

Moses. Moses was single-handedly proportion to the leader’s willingness Christian leadership, we must pay dealing with all the problems that to be fi lled with the Holy Spirit. In careful and prayerful attention to the were confronting Israel. Jethro that renewed life, every person, following: saw in Moses’ style of leadership regardless of occupation, should use 1. A Spirit-filled life. In White’s a sure way for burn-out, so he their infl uence to draw others toward perspective, the most impor- counseled him to share some of the Christ and His offer of redemption.7 tant qualification for a leader responsibilities with other trusted A leader, through Ellen White’s comprises the calling and deputies. But Moses should continue lenses, acts only as an instrument empowerment of the Spirit. This to ‘represent the people before God, to achieve the goal of mobilizing the anointing comes in response and . . . teach them the statutes and body of Christ to action, of provid- to the leader’s willingness to instructions‘ (Exod. 18:19, 20, NRSV). ing momentum. Thus the leader seek, in humility, for the Spirit’s In commenting on this, Ellen White is no more or no less important renewal and guidance and to affirms an important principle of than the follower. Ellen White saw respond to His promptings with leadership: “The time and strength of no hierarchal status or privilege of selfl ess obedience and service. those who in the providence of God position attached to leadership. She The Spirit-led leader will then have been placed in leading positions was highly supportive of education build an inclusive team and will of responsibility in the church, should and developing one’s talents to not be eager for power, status, or be spent in dealing with the weightier their capacity. Nevertheless, in her recognition.9 Ellen White encour- matters demanding special wisdom expanded defi nition of leadership, ages Spirit-led leaders to build a and largeness of heart. It is not in the it is Christ, not formal institutions relationship with their followers order of God that such men should of learning, that qualifi es the leader based on shared purpose, values, be appealed to for the adjustment for God’s purpose. “In choosing and vision, and to encourage of minor matters that others are well men and women for His service, dialogue and dissent as authentic qualifi ed to handle.”4 God does not ask whether they steps to sustainable change. She To Ellen White, a true leader is possess worldly wealth, learning, or sees Jesus as the great Model for someone who represents God, His eloquence. He asks, ‘Do they walk in Spirit-led leadership.10 character, and His purpose to those such humility that I can teach them 2. Study of Scripture. Leaders, in whom they are called to lead. That My way? Can I put My words into Ellen White’s view, must prioritize comprises the primary job descrip- their lips? Will they represent Me?’ “8 time for careful, continual, and tion of a leader; other minor routine Ellen White, as we have already deep study of the Scriptures, matters need not occupy a leader, noted, roots her leadership concept both to seek a deeper relation- but they can be cared for by others in faithfulness to God, and as such ship and commitment to God under the watchful care and guidance her principles of leadership will and to fi nd truth and wisdom. of the leader. She affi rms the same not be outdated. The call to root An expanding understanding principle when she comments on one’s leadership activity and style of Scripture, accompanied with David’s charge to Solomon when he in the call of God and faithfulness dynamic discussion of new truth, passed on the torch of leading Israel.5 to Scripture gives to us a universal will equip leadership for the chal- Representing God’s will and model of leadership. Hence, a careful lenges of providing leadership purpose before His people must study of her writings will lead us to in the advancement of truth.11 not be taken to mean that a leader understand leadership in terms that When real spiritual life declines, should “play God.” Far from it. In the are gender-inclusive, age-inclusive, leaders become rigid and avoid counsels of Ellen White, a dictatorial and race-inclusive. Such a leadership discussion of fresh scriptural leader does not have a place at will produce a church, fully equipped insights.12 all. Her instructions for effective to preach the everlasting gospel, 3. Prayerful life. Leaders of integrity leadership are relational in nature. meant for every corner of the globe, must schedule time daily for Spirit-filled leaders will cultivate as represented by the three angels communion with God. For Ellen a relationship with their followers of Revelation 14. Further, her call for White, the purpose of redemp- based on shared vision, values, pur- an inclusive and universal leadership tion includes the restoration in pose, and characterized by positive model will empower women, youth, humanity of the image of God. confl ict, managed transitions, and and minorities in a unique way: This divine miracle of heaven’s sustainable change.6 something one cannot easily see in infilling can only occur in the Ellen White’s leadership prin- today’s leadership literature. leader whose dependence on ciples focus on the objective of God is total. The higher the leadership: to reflect Christ and Qualifi cations for administrative position, the thus be more effective in saving leadership greater the need of dependence souls. The success of a person Of the many qualities that Ellen on God.13 She wrote that too called to leadership results in direct White emphasizes as essential in much “busyness” dries up the

MINISTRY 20 FEBRUARY 2010 character and leaves the soul kingdom of God. She believes 6. Inclusive and empowering lead- Christless. A living connection that a leader’s spiritual character ership. Ellen White is a strong with God, not position, is essen- develops and strengthens as they proponent of the inclusive tial to sound decision making actively work to aid the poor and empowerment of people for and development of character.14 marginalized.18 evangelism and service. For Leaders who do not pray con- 5. Shared leadership. Ellen White her, the people of God repre- tinually for divine wisdom will gives considerable counsel to sent a melded humanity, where develop a distorted worldview leaders who abuse authority. prejudice should not exist. The and will forfeit God’s blessing, In her view, no one should Holy Spirit should be allowed resulting in personal failure. see themselves as infallible, of to anoint whom He will, and no Power and strength for service supreme authority, or use any hand should be stayed that could come through prayer, as Christ dictatorial or arbitrary methods be engaged in ministry.22 demonstrated by example. of command. She vehemently 7. Ability to connect. One of the Leaders should pray on behalf opposes centralization of power most essential attributes of of those they infl uence. In times and control while at the same strong, godly leadership con- of crisis or emergency, God time warns against congrega- sists of the cultivated ability

To Ellen White, a true leader is someone who represents God, His character, and His purpose to those whom they are called to lead.

waits for leaders to pray in order tionalism. She was particularly to connect with others. White that He can intervene. Leaders strong in her indictment of speaks often of the need for should also pray to discern good any kind of dishonest practice, patient mentors who will take from evil and should do more exploitation, or injustice. Even youth and others with less expe- than perfunctory praying in committee members should be rience under their wing, carefully committee meetings, councils, intentionally chosen to repre- encourage and motivate them, and workers’ meetings. Leaders sent diversity of thought but and provide opportunities to should pray for unity, divine not because they necessarily grow through success and fail- leadership, and Spirit-wisdom.15 concur with the leader’s views.19 ure. She even calls it a duty for For particularly complex issues, Leaders who do not treat each leaders to recognize and develop White recommends fasting and person with respect and dignity potential in others.23 prayer.16 are abusing their authority.20 8. A sympathetic leadership. Lead- 4. Servant leadership.Though Comparing the leadership styles ers must deal with the erring Ellen White did not coin the of Moses and Aaron, Ellen White with Christlike sympathy, offer- term servant leader, she does illustrates the positive and benefi - ing hope and redemption even write at length on the concept cial use of authority versus a weak, in failures. Though Ellen White of servant leadership. She sees vacillating, and popularity-seeking acknowledges that reproof and Jesus as the primary servant- type of authority. Though she protest are sometimes needed, leader Model. Servant leaders completely rejects a domineering, discipline and correction must combine God’s strength and autocratic leadership style, she never be given harshly but always wisdom with humble diligence. maintains that in times of crises in the Spirit of Christ’s long- Though she encourages leaders a leader must demonstrate fi rm- suffering love. She advocates to be productive, making the ness, decision, and unfl inching tenacious, patient, even tender most of present opportunities, courage. The difference may be interaction with those who make she strongly decries pushing found in the leader’s motivation; a mistakes, use bad judgment, or for status or a higher position.17 domineering leader may be eager undergo other personal failures. According to Ellen White, a ser- for power and control whereas Leaders who possess Christlike vant leader loves people and a decisive leader may be most love promote justice, correct sin, works sacrifi cially and compas- eager to promote the honor of and combat error while maintain- sionately to save them for the God.21 ing care and compassion.24

MINISTRY 21 FEBRUARY 2010 CINDY TUTSCH

9. A visioning leadership. In Ellen The perpetual search for mean- 1. Ellen G. White, God’s Amazing Grace (Washington, DC: Review and Herald Pub. Assoc., 1973), 196. White’s view, proactive visioning ing in the workplace might fi nd 2. White, Letter 7 to J. H. Kellogg, April 26, 1886. and planning must be Spirit led. resolution in the minds of those 3. White, Christ’s Object Lessons (Washington, DC: Review Decisions should not be made who applied Ellen White’s coun- and Herald, 1941), 192. 4. White, The Acts of the Apostles (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c until the leader’s team engages sel about serving the poor to Press Pub. Assoc., 1911), 93. in prayer, and sometimes fast- their personal prioritizing.25 5. White, Prophets and Kings (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c Press, 1917), 27. ing, to ensure they are at one 6. White, Testimonies for the Church (Nampa, ID: Pacifi c Press, with God’s will. Ellen White is a Summary 1948), 7:259. 7. Ibid., 8:236. strong proponent of expansive All leaders, even great lead- 8. White, The Ministry of Healing (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c visioning, far-seeing thought, ers, find themselves in complex Press, 1942), 37. 9. White, Last Day Events (Nampa, ID: Pacifi c Press, 1992), and well-considered risk taking. circumstances where their leader- 190. In this context of visioning, she ship becomes challenged or their 10. White, Testimonies for the Church, 8:238. again urges leaders to some- options seem perilously restricted. 11. White, Christ’s Object Lessons, 127. 12. White, Gospel Workers (Washington, DC: Review and times delegate planning and In an era of unprecedented informa- Herald, 1915), 297, 298. future development to those tion dissemination, communication 13. White, Prophets and Kings, 30. 14. White, Testimonies for the Church, 8:238. with less experience in order speed, terrorism, AIDS, globaliza- 15. White, Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers to provide them with important tion, fi nancial meltdowns, and family (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c Press, 1944), 279. 16. White, Testimonies on Sexual Behavior, Adultery, and opportunities to enlarge their disintegration, our world may seem Divorce (Silver Spring, MD: Ellen G. White Estate, 1989), leadership potential. Addition- quite different from Ellen White’s 234. world. Yet, perhaps it is because 17. White, Prophets and Kings, 30, 31. ally, she recognizes that each 18. White, Testimonies for the Church, 2:25. geographical location has its of the accelerating changes in our 19. White, Life Sketches of Ellen G. White (Mountain View, CA: own challenges, and microman- world that her counsel to cultivate a Pacifi c Press, 1943), 321. 20. White, Lift Him Up (Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald aged visioning should not be calm trust in God in the face of life’s Pub. Assoc., 1988), 225. done from a distance. stressors26 seems surprisingly fresh 21. White, Patriarchs and Prophets (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c Press, 1958), 323. 10. A caring leadership. No other and relevant. 22. White, “The Duty of the Minister and the People,” Advent area draws Ellen White’s con- But cultivating a calm trust in Review and Sabbath Herald, July 9, 1895. 23. White, Christian Leadership (Washington, DC: Ellen G. cern in leadership as much as God should be accompanied by White Estate, 1985), 55, 56. in caring for the poor, needy, transferring His blessings to those 24. White, Gospel Workers, 30, 31. and marginalized. In the midst around us. That is the function of 25. Cindy Tutsch, Ellen White on Leadership: Guidance for Those Who Infl uence Others (Nampa, ID: Pacifi c Press, of unparalleled prosperity of our every leader in the church—and that 2008),149. nations, neglect of the needy includes all of us. 26. White, The Upward Look (Washington, DC: Review and Herald Pub. Assoc., 1982), 55. corresponds to spiritual poverty.

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LETTERS Continued from page 4

teachers, and pastors have a . . . job and education is my job.” more students—probably because common goal: preparing people for The administrator’s comment they were not getting much support God’s kingdom” raises questions. challenges the article’s line from the local Adventist church. On some musty school constitution, “recognizing the church school as Nor can the support be only I am sure this is true, but in practice, one of the strongest evangelistic unidirectional—from the church to I do not feel like we are always on the tools the Adventist Church owns.” the school. Schools need to be same team. To be fair to Adventist schools, asking how they can support the In a board strategic planning a vicious cycle is in place: too local church other than the session, I voiced that I needed the many pastors have simply ignored occasional music program. Both school to partner with me in helping the schools. And one of the pastors and school staff need to the young people I was sending reasons is a number of our schools reexamine the mission of Adventist from my church, to be stronger, de-emphasize Adventism and education. more committed Adventists. One embrace a more generic Christian —James Lorenz, pastor, Pleasant Hill Seventh- of the main school administrators education as they are trying to day Adventist Church, Pleasant Hill, California, responded, “Evangelism is your reach out to the community for United States

MINISTRY 22 FEBRUARY 2010 JOHN F. DUGE

John F. Duge is a retired Adventist pastor and professor of religion. He writes from Chula Vista, California, United States. The judgment: An Adventist perspective

eventh-day Adventists have Satan, The LORD rebuke thee, O Satan; Joshua’s clothes! God’s only always emphasized the even the LORD that hath chosen Jeru- reply is, “The LORD rebuke thee, importance of judgment in salem rebuke thee: is not this a O Satan; even the LORD that hath God’s plan of dealing with brand plucked out of the fi re?” (v. 2). chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee: Ssin. The ultimate judgment equates His dirty clothes are exchanged for is not this a brand plucked out of with the culmination of the long con- clean ones (vv. 4, 5) and he receives the fi re?” (v. 2). If you and I get troversy between Christ and Satan, the promise of a place to walk in the to heaven, it will not be because and ends in the complete victory by heavenly courts. our clothes are clean; it will be God. After the fi nal judgment the great There are four things to notice: because Somebody stuck His problem will be over, and “one pulse hand in the fire and pulled us of harmony and gladness” will at last 1. The roles played in this drama. out. The conclusion to draw from “[beat] through the vast creation.”1 Who is the accuser? Satan. Who Zechariah 3 is the judgment’s This article reviews some of the is the defender? The Angel of primary concern is not our state symbols and pictures through which Yahweh. God is the judge. In of guilt or innocence; rather, the Scripture describes the heavenly Zechariah’s view, God is not question of whether pulling us reality of judgment. the accuser; He is trying to get out of the fi re is just. everyone He can into heaven. A sketch of the Satan plays the accuser role: Daniel 7: The tasks of judgment in fact, the name Satan means the judgment Zechariah 3 gives us a brief and “accuser, prosecutor.” The angel The great picture of the judgment memorable view of the judgment. As it of Yahweh is the judge. Joshua in Daniel 7 shows us its three tasks. opens, Joshua, the high priest, stands stands “before” Him (v. 1), but We Adventists have spent most before the angel of Yahweh, and Satan He also turns out to be Joshua’s of our time on Daniel 7 identifying stands by to accuse him (v. 1). Defender (vv. 2–5).5 the beasts at the expense of the As an intermediary, the ministry 2. We note that Satan does not more important point: what is the of the high priest is a type of Christ’s have to lie. The clothes are judgment doing? In Daniel 7, the ministry; he represents God to the already dirty; all he has to do is judgment takes three parallel actions. people and represents the people point to them. The record of our before God. In Zechariah 3, the high lives is plain. The Bible says our 1. First, the Son of Man is crowned. priest stands on trial in a courtroom,2 clothes (Zech. 3:3; Isa. 64:6) are The crowning may be a surprise, and he wears dirty clothes—a clear “fi lthy,” and no further inquiry is but that is the message of Daniel symbol of his sin. With his dirty necessary. 7. When the Son of Man6 comes clothes, Joshua represents the 3. God does not argue with Satan into the courtroom (vv. 3–14), He people. The high priest’s identifi cation about Joshua’s merit. He does is brought in. He does not come with the people was so complete that not rationalize or trivialize Josh- in with the Ancient of Days, when he entered the Most Holy Place ua’s guilt. The clothes are dirty, nor does He take His seat as a on the Day of Atonement, if there was the record says, and that’s all it judge. Next, there “was given sin in the camp, he dropped dead.3 notes. In the record, and in the him dominion, and glory, and a When he entered the sanctuary, he mind of the court, there are no kingdom, that all people, nations, was the people. subtle distinctions or shades of and languages, should serve Joshua’s case is dire; his clothes guilt, no excuses or explanations. him” (v. 14). “Was given”— refers are “filthy” (v. 3).4 But he has a 4. On what does the judgment to an award granted by a court Defender: “And the LORD said unto focus? Not on the state of and occurs repeatedly in this

MINISTRY 23 FEBRUARY 2010 JOHN F. DUGE

chapter. In Daniel 7, the Son of “judgment was given” in their last judgment: (1) the crowning Man is not one of the judges: He favor (v. 22) and the time will of the Son of Man, (2) awarding has a case before the court, He is come when “the kingdom and a kingdom to His saints, and (3) a litigant in the great dispute, and dominion, and the greatness of stripping the beasts and horns the court awards Him a kingdom. the kingdom under the whole of their kingdoms and finally The Son of Man is crowned heaven, shall be given to the destroying them. by the court because His rule people of the saints of the most This third task is the handing is justifi ed. The question before High” (v. 27). down of a sentence of eternal the court is, this Divine-Human In Daniel 7 the saints are destruction. A decision of this Person, who gave His life for closely identifi ed with the Son of weight dare not be made lightly, the lost world, the One who is Man. He earns the award, and and for this reason the judgment Lord of the church—can we, they profi t from it. Their kingdom, becomes a long, careful, and on the basis of these records, like His, is eternal (v. 18). complex process. We see some- crown Him King of the cosmos 3. The destruction of the rebellion. thing of what is involved in an as well? His ministry on earth Daniel 7 began with dramatic important Old Testament ritual. justifi es His role as King. “There pictures of beasts and horns that was given him dominion, and war against God and His people The Day of Atonement glory, and a kingdom, that all and closes with a reply to this The annual Day of Atonement people, nations, and languages, great attack. The repetitive use provides another picture of the last should serve him: his dominion of these parallel, related legal judgment (Lev. 16).7 On this day, the is an everlasting dominion, which terms—“was given” (vv. 14, 22), transferring of the people’s sin from shall not pass away, and his “shall be given” (v. 27), and “shall the sanctuary to the scapegoat8 kingdom that which shall not be take away” (v. 26)—shows that indicates, symbolically, that in the destroyed” (v. 14). the three actions discussed here last judgment, the blame for sin is 2. The saints are awarded a kingdom. are parallel actions of a court; placed where it belongs. Closely identifi ed with the Son of they are the three actions the The responsibility has symboli- Man, in Daniel 7, are His people, court takes during the great judg- cally accumulated in God’s sanctuary, the “saints of the most High” ment session in heaven. Thus, but the great day of judgment is com- (vv. 18, 22, 27). They also have a Daniel 7 has shown the three ing, and the fi nal responsibility—and case before the court, because great accomplishments of the blame—will go where it belongs.

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MINISTRY 24 FEBRUARY 2010 In Israelite society there was a rebellion? The question is enormous, say that a pre-Advent phase of the role called go’el. The go’el was the formidable, complex; a single mistake judgment makes sense because kinsman-redeemer: the head of the would imperil the entire cosmos and when Christ returns, His reward is extended family or clan responsible its future. Let’s return to Daniel 7 and with Him (Rev. 22:12). for bailing you out of trouble, buying see the judgment at work. you back from slavery, defending The Ancient of Days takes His Any judgment that takes place you in court (see Lev. 25:23–25; Jer. seat, and the books are opened (v. prior to the Second Coming cannot 32:6–9; Ruth 2:20; 4:3–8). When 10). But the Ancient of Days is not include the active input of people Elimelech died, he had a go’el (Boaz), alone; an entire court is seated. In from the earth. But the records of their who would accept responsibility verse 9, thrones are set in place; in lives are present, and these clearly for the defenseless women and verse 10, thousands of thousands and exhaustively show the love and truncated lineage he left behind. But and ten thousand times ten thou- justice of God (and also that of His in other passages, the word go’el is sand stand before God; and then people), and the malignity of Satan translated “avenger of blood” (see “the court was seated.”9 and his rebellious followers. But none Num. 35:11–19; Deut.19:6–12; Josh. Next, the books are opened (v. of these latter parties are present in 20:3–9). 10). For whose benefi t? The picture the courtroom to join in the review of

The Adventist Church has long acknowledged three phases of judgment—lasting from the initiation of the pre-Advent phase in 1844 and continuing through the millennium to the final destruction of the rebellion in the post-millennial phase of the judgment.

The redeemer is also the defender/ suggests that they are opened for the records. Those capable of being avenger; and God plays both roles (see the huge court to study. God invites present include angels and inhabitants Job 19:25; Ps.78:35; Prov. 23:10, 11; universal inspection. of worlds other than the earth.11 Isa. 41:11–15; 43:14; Jer. 50:34; etc.). Why? God proposes to do three God has a threefold agenda: The day of His judgment will come—a momentous things: He will crown crowing Jesus as King of the cosmos, great day of cosmic deliverance. His His Son, the Ruler of the cosmos; awarding a kingdom to the saints, people will be delivered and returned He will award an eternal kingdom to and destroying sin and evil forever. to their inheritance. God will redeem His chosen people; and He will send When the fi rst phase of judgment His people; and He will avenge their those who rebelled against His rule to closes, all the inhabitants of the cos- injuries. eternal destruction. These decisions mos—except those on earth—have are irrevocable. Furthermore, they agreed that crowning the Son of Man, The process of judgment must be universally agreed to be fair. awarding a kingdom to the saints, The Adventist Church has long and destroying the great rebellion are acknowledged three phases of judg- The three phases of the all necessary and just. ment—lasting from the initiation of judgment The fi rst phase of the judgment the pre-Advent phase in 1844 and God conducts the judgment will close; Christ will return, and continuing through the millennium carefully and openly, respectful of take His people to heaven and the to the fi nal destruction of the rebel- the hearts and minds of all the per- millennium will then begin. lion in the post-millennial phase of sons He has made. In fact, He does the judgment. it in three stages. 2. The millennial phase.12 “Don’t you Its complexity lies in the fact that know that we will judge angels?” the task of judgment is to arrive at 1. The pre-Advent phase. From the Paul asks (1 Cor. 6:3, NIV). The agreement—unanimous, cosmic beginning, Adventist theology 1,000 years have just that serious agreement—on the justice of the three has argued for a pre-Advent stage purpose. The records are opened decisions taken by the court in Daniel of the last judgment. Because to the redeemed from earth; they 7. Can we, with justice, (1) crown the Adventist writings on this topic are have the question of the justice of Son of Man, (2) award a kingdom so voluminous,10 I will not revisit God’s three proposals laid before to His saints, and (3) destroy the the arguments here. I will simply them. The opinions of those

MINISTRY 25 FEBRUARY 2010 JOHN F. DUGE

redeemed from the earth are criti- The clothes of the wicked, too, are 5. Most commentators recognize the angel of Yahweh to represent God Himself. In Seventh-day Adventist theology cally important for two reasons: dirty. But they turned down the clean He is generally recognized as the pre-incarnate Christ. clothes God offered, they would not 6. The identity of the Son of Man in Daniel 7 has stirred enormous First, their loved ones are the ones let Him pull them out of the fi re, now debate. See, for instance, Arthur J. Ferch, The Son of Man in Daniel 7 (Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1979), who will go down to destruction. The they try to explain away, rationalize, or and Louis F. Hartman and Alexander A. Di Lella, The Book of saved must be satisfi ed of the justice— excuse the dirty clothes they would Daniel, The Anchor Bible (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978), 83–102. As we cannot enter into discussion now, I will assume indeed the love—of this decision. not give up. But the dirt cannot be the usual Adventist understanding that “the Son of Man” refers Second, the best systems of justifi ed or explained before the eyes to Christ, acknowledging that there might be other applications as well. jurisprudence insist that the accused of all, and by the end of the third 7. See The Jewish Encyclopedia, “Atonement,” II, 275–284, have a right to a trial by a jury of their phase every knee has bowed and and “Atonement, Day of,” II, 284–289. See also, “Israel, on the Day of Atonement, stand before the Ruler and Judge on peers. Such a jury will be provided. every tongue confessed the justice high . . . ,” II, 281. This stage takes a thousand years of God’s three-point agenda. 8. The idea of transferring sin is clearly metaphorical or (Rev. 20). Then, the New Jerusalem Cosmic vindication has finally symbolic, but unquestionably implied in the Leviticus account (Lev. 16:21). comes down to earth, the “second been achieved; the justice of God’s 9. New International Version: the Aramaic word is simply resurrection”13 takes place, and the three-point agenda has been acknowl- a form of the verb “to sit.“ Here, it has a specifi c legal signifi cance, indicating the formal beginning of a courtroom third phase of judgment begins. edged by all. With universal acclaim procedure. Christ will reign as King of the cosmos, 10. For a presentation of the traditional Adventist position, see White, The Great Controversy, 409–432, 479–491. 3. Post-millennial phase. The resur- the rebellion will be eternally destroyed, 11. Pictures of a heavenly council may be found in Job 1; 2; rected wicked attack the New and God’s people will receive an 1 Kings 22:19; Daniel 7; Revelation 4. Jerusalem—only to find they 12. I cannot re-establish the Adventist doctrine of the everlasting kingdom. millennium as 1,000 years in heaven (not on earth), have answered a summons to following a universally visible Second Coming now, so I appear in court.14 During the fi rst 1. Ellen G. White, The Great Controversy (Mountain View, CA: have assumed the traditional Adventist position on this Pacifi c Press Pub. Assoc., 1911), 678. question. two phases of judgment, all other 2. All the essentials of a courtroom are present: a judge (v. 13. Revelation 20, see also John 5:29; I cannot repeat the persons in the universe have 1), a defendant (v. 1), an accuser (v. 1), a defender (v. 2), a Adventist arguments for the nature of the “second charge/accusation (v. 3), and a verdict (vv. 4–7). resurrection” and the events surrounding it here. For an studied the records. Satan and 3. Ellen G. White, Patriarchs and Prophets (Mountain View, CA: overview, see White, “The Controversy Ended,” The Great his followers are the only ones Pacifi c Press, 1913), 352. See also Cyrus Adler et al., eds. The Controversy, 662–678. Jewish Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnall, 1903), II, 284. 14. Revelation 20:7–9. See also Ellen White’s dramatic picture so far left out; and now it is their 4. Unless otherwise indicated, the King James Version of the of these events in ”The Controversy Ended,” The Great turn to face the record. Bible is used in this article. Controversy, 662–678.

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MINISTRY 26 FEBRUARY 2010 JAY EDISON

Jay Edison, MD, MPH, is a retired Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) International director of Health, and writes from Ossupee, New Hampshire, United States. Why Adventists need ADRA

ome of my friends are puz- and followed up with correspondence sympathetic heavenly Father.”1 If zled about the involvement that led to an invitation to open the the love of Jesus for His materi- of the Seventh-day Adventist ADRA offi ce in Kyrgyzstan. In ADRA ally deprived children melts your Church in ministries that do health programs, the cherished eight heart, go with ADRA workers Snot have direct evangelistic compo- Seventh-day Adventist remedies for into mud or bamboo huts in rural nents. They are perplexed that the health—nutrition, exercise, water, Africa, Asia, or South America and church should make such a signifi cant sunlight, temperance, air, rest, and meet the wonderful people living investment of human and fi nancial trust in divine power—have appli- under circumstances that some resources to programs that do not cations that are basic and crucial of us would consider intolerable. directly promulgate the gospel. The to human health and survival. For 2. In meeting the needs of the less approach of the Adventist Develop- example, ADRA’s use of water as a fortunate of the world, we are ment and Relief Agency (ADRA) to remedy is not by urging intake of eight expressing and enhancing our health programs in the developing glasses a day but by provision of a safe love for Jesus. “Christ regards world is critically challenged by some water supply to prevent death from all acts of mercy, benevolence, who highly value the Adventist health cholera or other dysenteries. ADRA and thoughtful consideration for message. They question the consis- health programs are grappling with the the unfortunate, the blind, the tency of the ADRA approach with causes of some 11 million needless lame, the sick, the widow, and the Adventist philosophy of healthful deaths of children in the developing the orphan as done to Himself; living and health evangelism. world each year: malaria, malnutri- and these works are preserved This has become a very personal tion, vaccine-preventable diseases, in the heavenly records and will issue for me. My wife, Yvonne, diarrhea, pneumonia, and HIV/AIDS. be rewarded.”2 and I planned early in our marriage ADRA would not be true and Mother Theresa, when asked that we would enter some type of honest with donors who are not why she devoted her life to the full-time ministry with the church Seventh-day Adventists, especially poor and destitute of Kolkata when our children completed their government agencies, if grant money (Calcutta), is quoted as saying education. After 30 years in medical were used for overt evangelism and that there she found “God in a family practice, we decided that proselytizing activities. Christian most distressing disguise.” The the time had come. The Lord led agencies must, above all, be known dirty, listless, malnourished child me through a circuitous route to a for their integrity. dying of malaria and pneumonia ministry with ADRA. ADRA and Adventist Community in a remote village of Zambia is We sent letters to each world Services are corporate counterparts Jesus in disguise. The beggar division of the church and each union to the commendable involvement child pulling on my sleeve in in the North American Division, telling of individual Seventh-day Adventist Madagascar is Jesus in disguise. of our evangelistic aspirations. We Christians in programs that meet The abused, hungry, and destitute received a lot of interesting corre- the needs of the poor and suffering. in the inner cities of the United spondence, but no calls other than I believe that the church desper- States are Jesus in disguise. an invitation by the Voice of Prophecy ately needs these ministries. Here The Russian pensioner I saw to participate in evangelistic series are seven reasons Seventh-day retrieving cabbage leaves from a in Perm, Russia, in 1994. While I Adventists need ADRA: garbage dumpster in Kyrgyzstan gave health lectures, Yvonne worked 1. Work for the suffering and needy is Jesus in disguise. How will we with the children’s program. Our gives an understanding of God’s respond to Jesus in disguise? experience in Perm was really exciting love and mercy we would not have 3. Expressing God’s love in practical and especially thrilling to see 459 otherwise. “Take away suffering ways. “The revelation of unself- people baptized. While in Russia, and need, and we should have ish love, manifested in acts of we met Paul Kulakov, the Euro-Asia no way of understanding the disinterested kindness, will make Division ADRA director at the time. He mercy and love of God, no way it easier for these suffering ones introduced us to the needs of ADRA of knowing the compassionate, to believe in the love of Christ.”3

MINISTRY 27 FEBRUARY 2010 Disinterested is the key word in speedily.’ Doing good is an excel- dying needlessly for want of the understanding this ministry. In lent remedy for disease.”4 most basic obstetric care, and not Kyrgyzstan, ADRA took clothing 5. Ministries that call for us to give respond is inconceivable. to a village in which no Seventh- of our means and of ourselves 7. How we respond to the needs of day Adventist presence exists. are a cure for selfishness and the poor and suffering is critical, Distribution was entrusted to an covetousness.“Constant, self- as our cases are considered in the Orthodox priest who agreed to denying benevolence is God’s judgment. The judgment hour distribute the clothing equitably remedy for the cankering sins of message is the most unique and only on the basis of people’s selfi shness and covetousness.”5 teaching of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The last of the three judgment parables in Jesus healed people on the basis of their Matthew 25 describes activities of ADRA, within the setting of need, not according to the potential the judgment. The judgment for their conversion. He healed many can be understood as fi nding the answer to two questions: How that never accepted Him as Savior, but do we worship? and How do we love? Both questions have to be others were drawn to Him because of His answered. To worship correctly, unconditional expression of love. on the right day and in the right manner, is not enough. We must actively love people if we are to be privileged to worship some- needs. He lived in the same pov- For me to learn of sacrifi ces day in the new earth. “When the erty as others in the village, but made by church members for nations are gathered before Him, took no personal advantage of his ADRA is humbling. I think par- there will be but two classes, stewardship. In the same village, ticularly of a small church in the and their eternal destiny will be a church of another denomination midwestern part of the United determined by what they have distributed clothing to those who States that gave money to ADRA done or have neglected to do for came to revival meetings. You can that they had saved for years for Him in the person of the poor and easily guess which distribution the church building fund. They the suffering.”7 had the greater impact. learned of a need in ADRA child Jesus healed people on the health programs, and they wanted ADRA programs are not expen- basis of their need, not according to be of help. I am confi dent that sive add-ons to churches’ “real work.” to the potential for their conver- the Lord blessed them for this. ADRA health programs are an integral sion. He healed many that never There is real danger in indulgence part of our mission. The fi rst point in accepted Him as Savior, but oth- in fashion and pride to the depri- the ADRA mission statement is that ers were drawn to Him because vation of the poor. ADRA’s “mission is to reflect the of His unconditional expression 6. To work for the poor and suffering character of God through humanitar- of love. Thus, when ADRA oper- is the only thing loving people can ian and development activities.” ates a child health program it is do. Such work is not optional. The Limitation of church efforts to preach- doing the work of God. love of Christ impels us. “Christ ing of the good news of salvation, 4. It is good for us personally to work came to this earth to walk and while not doing what we can to allevi- for the poor and suffering. Church work among the poor and suffer- ate suffering and privation and members are healthier, physi- ing. They received the greatest prevent needless death, is an incom- cally as well as spiritually, when share of His attention. And today, plete gospel. they involve themselves in social in the person of His children, He 1. Ellen G. White, Testimonies for the Church (Mountain View, ministries. “You who are suffering visits the poor and needy, reliev- CA: Pacifi c Press Pub. Assoc., 1948), 7:226. with poor health, there is a remedy ing woe and alleviating suffering.”6 2. Ibid., 3:512, 513. 3. White, Counsels on Health (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c Press for you. If thou clothe the naked That a Seventh-day Adventist Pub. Assoc., 1957), 388. and bring the poor that are cast Christian, whose heart has been 4. White, The Adventist Home (Nashville, TN: Southern Pub. Assoc., 1952), 447. out to thy house and deal thy softened by the love of Jesus, 5. Ibid., 370. bread to the hungry, ‘then shall thy could learn of the plight of AIDS 6. White, A Call to Medical Evangelism and Health Education (Nashville, TN: Southern Pub. Assoc., 1954), 23. light break forth as the morning, orphans, of malnourished and 7. White, The Desire of Ages (Mountain View, CA: Pacifi c Press and thine health shall spring forth starving children, of mothers Pub. Assoc., 1940), 637.

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MINISTRY 28 FEBRUARY 2010 DATELINE

Campaign to No to Violence Against Women”—in to the casual Chinese, Malay, Tagalog, Bangla, observer. They end violence Sinhala, Indonesian, Burmese, and have families against females Portuguese. and are often gainfully employed. “This new campaign asks each But there, the similarity to normality he global EndItNow™ of us to both speak and act, calling ends. Their lives are dysfunctional Tcampaign, recently launched to us to stand together to save lives,” and usually characterized by abusive oppose violence against women said Charles Sandefur, president of behavior, hopelessness, and relative and girls, is receiving widespread ADRA International. poverty. support in three of the Seventh-day During the campaign’s primary Many churches provide free Adventist Church’s 13 world regions. phase, one million signatures are meals or clothing while seeking the Campaign organizers report the currently being gathered from sup- opportunity to preach the gospel. initiative is motivating leaders and porters in more than 200 countries At The Church, they strive for total church groups to become active and territories. Once collected, these renewal and restoration, recogniz- advocates for nonviolence in their signatures will be presented to the ing the nature of the “disease” of own communities. United Nations to raise attention addiction, as Ellen White called it. On Tuesday, November 16, 2009 about the issue, advocate for new Its members meet people where the church’s Trans-European region, policies that better protect women they are through organizing weekly based in the United Kingdom and and girls, and make a public declara- 12-step Overcomers meetings and including more than 40 countries tion of the work of the Adventist providing a study class for addicts on and territories in Europe, unveiled Church to bring an end to gender- Saturday mornings called “Str8Talk.” EndItNow™ to representatives dur- based violence. Additional support includes pre- ing regional year-end meetings held “We are protecting the futures of paredness for utilizing the Celebrate in Becici, Montenegro. our daughters, our granddaughters, Recovery resource, as numbers “From January 15 to March 15, nieces, mothers, sisters, friends, allow. Furthermore, recognizing 2010, we are encouraging our lead- and neighbors,” said Jacqueline, a that addicts generally do not suffer ers to concentrate on promoting 38-year-old supporter from Agua- alone, they also conduct weekly this campaign to get people active,” dilla, Puerto Rico. “Every woman has meetings for families affected by said Anne-May Wollan, Women’s the right to security and love.” addiction. KidzChurch activities have Ministries leader for the region. EndItNow™ was launched on been expanded and significantly “We want every country to use this October 13 with the support of the restructured to encompass ministry opportunity to tell people what we’re Adventist Development and Relief to the children of addicts and their doing in support of this campaign.” Agency (ADRA) and the Women’s spouses. At The Church, addicts In Kenya, Adventist Church Ministries Department of the find a welcoming and accepting leaders representing countries Adventist Church to raise awareness environment that enables them to throughout eastern and central and advocate for the end of violence begin their climb back to fullness Africa also gave their support, com- against women and girls. of life. [John Gendle – British Union mitting to champion the cause within To join the one million support- Conference] their own constituencies. ers of the EndItNow™ cause, visit “We are speaking up, signing enditnow.org. [Nadia McGill/ANN] up,” wrote a supporter in Kenya following the campaign launch in Reaching the region. Cities, focus of In the Philippines, representa- Ministry to the 2010 tives from the Adventist Church in SEEDS Plus the Southern Asia-Pacific region, addicted ollegedale, Tennessee, which comprises more than 19 ngland—Addicted2Life’s major CUnited States—SEEDS Plus countries and territories, pledged Eoutreach ministry known as “The 2010, focused on “The Cities— during a November 9 ceremony to Church” continues its labors on Our Mission Field,” will be full push for the success of the cam- behalf of and toward addicts. of practical, relevant, and life- paign, according to Helen Gulfan, The word addict often conjures up transforming sessions for pastors Women’s Ministries leader for the images of homeless people slumped and lay leaders alike. From powerful region. in doorways in a drug-induced stu- plenary presentations to ministry- During the campaign pre- por. While this might represent the shifting tracks, including topics such sentation, attendees made their extremes to be found in many cities, as reaching non-Christians, inner-city commitment public by saying the it is far from representative. The lives kids, smarter-than-ever leadership, campaign slogan—“Adventists Say of many addicts often appear normal to practical strategies for planting

MINISTRY 29 FEBRUARY 2010 DATELINE churches and reaching cities—this wish to reach cities, our most chal- Spanish, Por- is the year to come to SEEDS. lenging mission fi eld in the Western tuguese, and Network, worship, find many world. We must reach them with the Asian-Pacific valuable 30-minute “doables,” and gospel of Jesus now! ministries will be energized to make a lasting be offered. impact in your district. Bring your une 21–23, Southern Adven- For more information or to regis- ministry team along and revitalize Jtist University; Pre-conference ter, go to www.nadei.org or call 800 your whole ministry, especially if you Tracks—June 18–20. English, 255-7568.

RESOURCES

Valuing Age: Pastoral offer fulfi llment comes as a challenge, morning together Ministry With Older which makes the volume so useful. discussing the People by James At the end of most chapters, there book. This, in Woodward, London: Society are very helpful exercises to increase itself, is a best practice because it for Promoting Christian awareness of the issues raised. The provides opportunities for fellowship, Knowledge Publishing, 2008. appendix includes questions that encouragement, and mentorship can be used in developing a narrative opportunities between less experi- he title of James Woodward’s biography that would be a very useful enced and veteran pastors. Our cluster Tbook aptly summarizes its mes- project for churches. An extensive group had a phone interview with Dr. sage. Written for pastors as one listing of organizations devoted to the Satelmajer, followed by a morning of volume in a series of volumes in the concerns of older people is specifi c intense discussion over this book. New Library of Pastoral Care, the to clergy in the United Kingdom; Collectively, a wide range of feel- book explores all angles of the aging however, an Internet search in other ings were voiced about the book, process and provides useful sug- locales would create a comparable list. ranging from appreciation to skepti- gestions for ministry to the specifi c —Reviewed by Steven Willsey, DMin, associate cism. For those pastors who have needs of older people. Woodward’s pastor emeritus, Spencerville Seventh-day Adventist recently received seminary training, credibility for writing comes from Church, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States. this book may not contain much new his position as the director of the material; but for those who have been Leveson Center for the Study of out in the fi eld for several years, this Aging and Social Policy and as the A Guide to Effective book may serve as a useful refresher vicar of Temple Balsall in the diocese Pastoral Ministry about the basics of pastoral ministry. of Birmingham, England. Though the by Steve D. Cassimy, The group generally felt that this book perspective comes from the United Abraham J. Jules, and would likely be most useful to pastors Kingdom, I believe his presentation Nikolaus Satelmajer, eds., who have had little or no training. touches concerns that will be similar Nampa, ID: Pacifi c Press Our group also felt that the chap- in most cultures. His suggestions for Publishing Association, 2009. ter by Walton A. Williams, “Interns ministry to older people will likely and Mentors,” (125–137) was the apply almost anywhere. his book was the outgrowth of a most helpful, and generated the Having recently become an older Tconversation with friends on the most discussion. Dr. Williams ably person myself, I especially appreciated part of Nikolaus Satelmajer, editor highlighted the history of ministerial Woodward’s counsel to clergy that of Ministry, with Steve Cassimy and training within Adventism, character- painful physical decline is not inevi- Abraham Jules—two ministers from istics of good mentors and coaches, table. Churches that recognize that New York City. The goal was to get and some suggestions of what such many of us still have a great deal to the top 20 or so ministers and other a model would look like if it were offer will tap a wealth of wisdom and professionals in the denomination implemented within Adventism. skills that could be very useful in all to describe some best practices for For those pastors who may want a kinds of ministries. Woodward urges pastoral ministry. helpful refresher that utilizes some of clergy to “listen to their experiences, In the Rocky Mountain Conference the latest research, this book is for you. their hopes, and their valuable insights of Seventh-day Adventists, we have —A collective review by Kris Berner, Michael W. and refl ections on life.” To recognize a regional group of pastors called Campbell, Seth Coridan, Steve Gillham, Aaron the special gifts of older people and a “cluster group” who read a book Hatfi eld, Blake Jones, Michael Kissner, Jim Moon, involve them in church activities that and meet once a month to spend a and Steve Schwartz.

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