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Failure to Unify the Australian Accounting Profession: the Case of Four Unsuccessful Merger Attempts, Late 1960S to Late 1990S

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Failure to Unify the Australian Accounting Profession: the Case of Four Unsuccessful Merger Attempts, Late 1960S to Late 1990S View metadata, citation and similarbroughtCORE papers to you at by core.ac.uk provided by RMIT Research Repository Failure to Unify the Australian Accounting Profession: The Case of Four Unsuccessful Merger Attempts, Late 1960s to Late 1990s A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Jasvinder Sidhu BCom (PU), Honours (FU), MCA (PTU), MCom (RMIT), MPA (RMIT) School of Accounting College of Business RMIT University January 2018 Declaration of Originality I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. Signed: Jasvinder Sidhu_____ _______________ On: _16/01/2018 ii Acknowledgements First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my principal supervisor, Professor Gary Carnegie, and Associate Supervisor, Professor Brian West, for their continuous support, patience and motivation during the past seven years and for sharing their immense knowledge. Their guidance helped me throughout the research for, and writing of, this thesis. I cannot imagine having better supervisors or mentor for my Ph.D. study. The completion of this thesis has been quite a sentimental period for me, because both my supervisors retired from academics at the end of this period. Next, I acknowledge the assistance of Kerrie Ludekins of CPA Australia in data collection. RMIT University’s library services also played a significant role in data collection, and I thank their staff for allowing me access to large volumes of archival files. Further, over the years, continuous conference support provided by RMIT University made a valuable addition. Since writing the proposal to this date, many senior researchers have provided feedback, including Professor Christopher Napier of Royal Holloway, University of London; Associate Professor Marcia Annisette, Schulich Business School, York University, Canada; and Professor Lee Parker, RMIT University. Finally, the continuous support from my parents and friends has been a source of encouragement in completing this Ph.D. research. iii Contents Declaration of Originality ....................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ iii Contents ................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ viii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... x Abstract ................................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Thesis Statement .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Study Context and Background ....................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Features of the Australian accounting profession: Regionalism, duplication and unification ................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.2 Emergence of two professional bodies: The Society and the Institute ..................... 5 1.3 Four Unsuccessful Merger Attempts ............................................................................... 7 1.3.1 Background to the merger attempts .......................................................................... 8 1.3.2 First merger attempt .................................................................................................. 9 1.3.3 Second merger attempt ............................................................................................. 9 1.3.4 Third merger attempt ................................................................................................ 9 1.3.5 Fourth merger attempt ............................................................................................ 10 1.4 Scenario for Investigation .............................................................................................. 11 1.5 Period Selection ............................................................................................................. 11 1.6 Study Motivation and Importance ................................................................................. 11 1.7 Objectives and Research Questions ............................................................................... 12 1.7.1 Research objective .................................................................................................. 12 1.7.2 Research questions .................................................................................................. 13 1.8 Literature Selection and Contributions to Literature ..................................................... 13 1.9 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................. 14 1.10 Methodology and Data Collection Methods ................................................................ 16 1.10.1 Archives and written documents ........................................................................... 17 1.10.2 Oral history ........................................................................................................... 17 1.10.3 Analysis ................................................................................................................ 18 1.11 Study Limitations ......................................................................................................... 18 1.12 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 20 1.12.1 Thesis structure ..................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................... 21 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Sociology of Professions ................................................................................................ 21 2.3 Australian Studies .......................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Prior Literature on Mergers Between Professional Associations .................................. 34 2.4.1 Britain’s merger attempts ........................................................................................ 35 2.4.2 Canada’s merger attempts ....................................................................................... 41 2.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 3: Methodology and Data Collection Methods ..................................................... 45 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 45 iv 3.2 Historical Research Methodology .................................................................................. 46 3.3 Data Collection from Archives and Written Documents ............................................... 50 3.4 Data Collection: Oral History Interviews ...................................................................... 56 3.5 Limitation of Research Methods Adopted ..................................................................... 60 3.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 61 Chapter 4: Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................... 62 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 62 4.2 Boundary Work .............................................................................................................. 62 4.3 Exclusivity Versus Market Control ............................................................................... 71 4.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 5: The First Merger Attempt ................................................................................. 77 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 77 5.2 Background Context ...................................................................................................... 78 5.2.1 Background to the Australian accounting profession ............................................
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