USAGE AND STYLE FOR GUSTAVUS
a guide to spelling, capitalization, punctuation, typographic arrangement, and display of written communication. Revised January 2012 GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COLLEGE GUSTAVUS Style
“Style” is the custom or plan followed in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and typographic arrangement and display of printed materials to achieve consistency throughout the institution. Style standards support the consistent and professional image of any organization or enterprise.
The Office of Marketing and Communication developed and periodically updates Gustavus’s style guidelines to achieve consistency throughout the institution’s brochures, news releases, advertisements, online communications, and other materials intended for public dissemination. We hope this guide will be a helpful resource for all who work to advance the College.
Style is a dynamic process. Usage and applications of words and phrases may change with commonly accepted language. We will endeavor to review and revise this document periodically to reflect such changes. We also welcome suggestions for additions and improvements.
The Office of Marketing and Communication has also developed definitive standards for use of the College’s graphic identity. Those guidelines are available in a separate booklet and also online, at gustavus.edu/marketing/files/.
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Formal titles (denoting scope of authority, professional COLLEGE IDENTITY activity, and the like) are capitalized when they Even though it’s a mouthful, we are “Gustavus Adolphus immediately precede a name. However, occupational College.” First reference to the College in text or body descriptions should be lowercased: copy will always be the full name. “Gustavus,” “Gustavus • “Professor Lisa Heldke,” “Coach Mark Hanson”; but, Adolphus,” and “the College” (but never “GAC”) are “Lisa Heldke, professor,” and “Mark Hanson, coach for second references, internal publications, or informal of the men’s basketball team.” (By the way, “Coach” as usage. Display and image materials developed in used here implies “head coach”; use “assistant coach” conjunction with designers and marketing consultants or “assistant” strictly as an occupational description— and approved for official use (e.g., admission brochures, lowercased in all uses.) catalog covers, the College’s home page, etc.) may be • Occupational descriptions—“astronaut John Glenn,” exempted from this standard, but text copy in those “philosophy professor Lisa Heldke,” “Gustavus materials should follow the rule. basketball coach Mark Hanson”—are not capped. (Note the distinctions between the latter two and their CAPITALIZATION formal titles; here, they are descriptions.) We’re basically “downstyle.” In general, avoid Lowercase academic degrees: “bachelor’s degree,” unnecessary use of capitals. Sentences read more “master’s degree,” “doctorate” (note apostrophe in smoothly if the eye isn’t stopped by frequent capitals. the first two, but none in “bachelor of arts degree” or • “Elm Street”; but, “Elm and Maple streets. “master of science degree”). Avoid using terms such • “the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America”; as B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. in text, although they are but, “the Lutheran church.” (However, capitalize appropriate in lists and programs. (See TITLES section.) “Church” when used specifically in reference to the ELCA: “Gustavus is a college of the Church.”) Capitalize official names of organizations and major • “President Jack R. Ohle” and “King Carl XVI historical events. (Some organizations have unusual Gustaf”; but, “the president” and “the king.” capitalizations or typography; follow their individual usage: “HarperCollins,” “7up.”) Academic departments, administrative offices, and facilities of Gustavus are capitalized when the complete Lowercase the seasons (e.g., summer, fall, and derivatives and official designation is used. Generally, academic like springtime) unless part of a formal name: “Fall 2008 areas are preceded by the word “department,” while class schedule,” “St. Paul Winter Carnival.” We consider administrative areas are denoted by “office.” “Fall [year] and Spring [year] semesters” to be formal • “Department of Theatre and Dance” (note “–re” in designations. reference to the department and facility at Gustavus); but, “theatre department,” and “humanities FACTS AND FIGURES departments.” • “Office of Admission”; but, “admission” or “admission Generally, the information contained in the current year’s office.” academic bulletin is considered official, but publication • “F.W. Olin Hall”; but, “the computer science deadlines and other circumstances may affect some parts building.” See the alphabetical usage listing for proper (e.g., faculty or administrative lists, course offerings), so first references to campus facilities. you should double-check information that may change from year to year with the registrar, the director of On the other hand, lowercase fields of study except institutional research, or the Office of Marketing and where a proper noun is part of the name: Communication. • “philosophy” and “biology”; but, “English” and “Spanish.” The Office of Marketing and Communication maintains • “environmental studies”; but, “Scandinavian studies.” a fact sheet (accessible through the Gustavus Home Page on the Web, at gustavus.edu/news/GAfacts. Capitalize “College” when that word stands alone in cfm) containing statistics and other information reference to the official policy or academic program of about Gustavus that should be used when developing Gustavus or as a shortening of its full name following first statements, releases, brochures, etc. for public reference: dissemination. For example, the enrollment of the • “The College grants the bachelor’s degree”; “the College is complicated by FTEs, international exchanges, College is located in St. Peter” (but, “our college”). post-secondary option students, withdrawals, and the Note that the capitalization of “College” in reference like, so the President’s Cabinet has agreed that we all to Gustavus is an internal device for our own should use the same number, based upon full-time publications. enrollment and updated each term.
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NUMBERS PUNCTUATION Arabic numerals are used for numbers above nine, and Use punctuation to clarify meaning: It helps sometimes also for ages (“7 years old,” “a 9-year-old child”—note to read a sentence aloud and punctuate the way you two hyphens), very large numbers (i.e., a million or speak. larger: “7.5 billion.”), monetary figures (“$5,” “$15.80,” “$150 million”), and percentages (“8 percent”—spell out Avoid overuse of semi-colons, exclamation points, dashes, “percent”). A hyphen is not necessary in a compound parenthetical expressions, and italic emphases. (We appear adjective that includes arabic numerals to represent to have ignored that advice in this document!) dollars: “an $18 million building.” Quotation marks: The numbers one through nine (and zero) should be • Periods and commas always go within quotes spelled out, unless used as above. When any number is according to American English convention; other the first word of a sentence, it should be spelled out. punctuation goes within only if it is part of the quoted However, the sentence can usually be reworked to avoid material. having to spell out a large or hyphenated number, a monetary figure, or a percentage. • Generally, titles of short stories, poems, or articles; individual chapters in books; individual songs and Use the same style to express related numbers above and other short musical compositions; and radio and below 10; if any of the numbers are above 10, express all television shows (or single episodes of a continuing of them in numerals: “The quartet has two violins, one series) are set off in quotes. Titles of books, paintings viola, and one cello”; but, “the orchestra has 18 violins, 8 and sculptures, films, magazines, plays, record albums, violas, and 6 cellos.” operas and other long musical works, newspapers, and continuing television/radio series are italicized. Check In isolated cases, spelling out a number above 10 can the Chicago Manual of Style for a complete listing. (See serve to make it seem indefinite or a casual expression: also TITLES section.) “I have a hundred things to do today,” “I can give you a thousand and one reasons why it won’t work.” Commas: • Follow Strunk and White’s second rule, for serial Use an “en” dash between numerals rather than a hyphen commas: “In a series of three or more terms with to indicate intervals: “1939–1945,” rather than “1939- a single conjunction, use a comma after each term 1945”; “8–10 p.m.,” rather than “8-10 p.m.” (It’s a except the last. Thus write, ‘red, white, and blue.’” special symbol in word processing programs.) • The final comma is frequently omitted from the names Spell out fractional amounts that are less than one in of business firms; follow the usage of the individual text copy, using hyphens between the words: “one-half,” firm: “Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc.” “three-sixteenths.” Use figures for all fractions larger than one, employing “case” fractions (i.e., single units) • When a specific date is used with month and year, wherever possible. Most type fonts include only a few set the year off with commas; when a month and common fractions as single units; other fractions need to year appear alone, no comma is necessary: “June 6, be constructed with a slash: “3½,” “2¼,” but “1-3/16.” 1944, was D-Day”; but, “D-Day preparations came to (Note the hyphen in the last example, to avoid any fruition in June 1944.” possible confusion of the integer as part of the numerator in the fraction—“1 3/16”; this is an exception to AP • A comma before the Jr. or Sr. in a proper name is not style). Instead of trying to remember all of this, convert necessary: “Martin Luther King Jr.” to decimals whenever practical. Apostrophes: When listing telephone numbers, don’t enclose area • Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding codes in parentheses (it’s awkward to use them that ’s: “Steve’s pencil,” “Marx’s theories,” “Gustavus’s way in parenthetical material); instead, use hyphens traditions” (but note also, “Gustavus traditions”). throughout (avoid periods in running type, although Generally, if you would pronounce the additional they may be appropriate in display use) or “slash and syllable in the possessive, write it as ’s. Exceptions are dash”: 507-933-7650, 507/933-7650. too rare to require explanation here.
• Plural possessives are formed by adding an apostrophe after the “s,” unless the word has a special plural construction that does not end in “s”: “students’ rights”; but, “women’s studies.”
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• Plurals of words should NOT contain apostrophes: • Use the “em” dash (—; those who remember Keep up with the “Joneses,” not the “Jones’s”; typewriters learned it as two hyphens with no space on and, “thousands of items,” not “thousand’s.” (One either side) to indicate an abrupt insertion or change exception is plurals of single letters, which may require of thought in a sentence. Use an “en” dash (–) to an apostrophe to avoid misinterpretation: “She earned express intervals in numbers (“1939–1945” rather all A’s.”) than “1939-1945”). (These dashes may be found among the special symbols of most word processing • “It’s” ALWAYS means “it is”; the pronoun possessive programs.) is “its”—with NO apostrophe: “The College celebrates its Swedish heritage.” (After all, you wouldn’t think of Special Symbols: putting an apostrophe in “his” . . .) • The hash marks that denote inches and feet (called “primes”) are properly rendered as straight marks • Alumni are identified in college publications such as (i.e., 6'5") and are generally found among the special the Gustavus Quarterly by listing the last two digits symbols of a printer’s typeface or word processing of their graduation years (with apostrophe) following program. Avoid using the quotation mark key for this their names: e.g., “Randall Stuckey ’83.” (Be careful purpose since many typographic fonts and software when keyboarding—some word processing programs programs such as Word and WordPerfect may display that have the so-called “smart quote” feature will turn the curly “smart quotes.” the apostrophe around!)
Hyphens and Dashes: DICTION AND COMPOSITION • Compound adjectives are hyphenated, but don’t Emphasize the active voice. Try to write direct sentences hyphenate “-ly” words (adverbs): “full-time job” and with active verbs: “This sentence needs an active verb” “well-known speaker”; but, “easily remembered rule.” rather than “This sentence is in need of an active verb.” The passive voice (“An active verb is needed in this • Prefixes such as “non,” “un,” “re,” and “co” generally sentence.”) has a place in softening a statement but is do not require hyphens; however, use a hyphen if more effective if not overused. the word that follows the prefix is capitalized: “non- Western.” Similarly, avoid the frequent use of nouns as verbs (as in “he authored the book”), which also tend to take the • For some words, sense is the governing factor: action out of sentences. Apply the “test of necessity”: “resign” (quit) vs. “re-sign” (sign again). Does the noun-as-verb fill a need not already filled by verbs in conventional use? • Hyphenate “ex-” when it means “former” (“ex- convict”) but not when it means “out of” (“exhale”). Avoid cliches like the plague. Likewise, avoid vogue words: “Tubular” and “grungy” are quickly dated. • When anything is defined by a century, decade, or year (i.e., when such a phrase is an adjective), use a hyphen Avoid repetitive redundancies and meaningless modifiers: between the number and the time period: “20th- A wide variety is, after all, a variety. century literature,” “first-year student.” An exception is the Alumni Office’s “First Decade Awards.” Be careful about using the superlative—it’s a lot to live up to. Avoid high levels of abstraction: Don’t diagram • Use a hyphen for any prefixed words you can’t find in theorems, draw pictures. the dictionary, unless a hyphen would distort the sense of the word.
• Use the hyphen to avoid potential misinterpretation: A “fast sailing ship” may be interpreted as a speedy ship with sails or a ship that is moving quickly—“fast-sailing ship” makes things clearer.
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ABBREVIATIONS GRAPHIC IDENTITY Except in particular cases (the alumni section of the (Available as a separate document, online at gustavus. Quarterly, lists of participants such as those included in edu/marketing/files/.) the “Christmas in Christ Chapel” program, rosters and references in sports programs and brochures, and the calendar section of Inside Gustavus, to name the common TITLES ones), the postal ZIP code abbreviations for states should We try not to be overly impressed by titles. Avoid not be used when abbreviating a state name in text courtesy titles (Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms.), except as business copy. Use the abbreviations accepted by the Associated etiquette specifies them in correspondence. (See Press (Minn., Wis., S.D., etc.), but note that eight state “Guidelines for Addresses/Titles/Salutations in General names are not abbreviated—Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Correspondence,” available through the Office of the Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah. The District of Columbia President.) is treated like a state: “Washington, D.C., is the nation’s capital.” “Professor” is never abbreviated. The formal title “Doctor” is almost always abbreviated; however, avoid The first mention of any organization, firm, agency, or it when its use is not critical to the subject of the text. group should be spelled out. If the organization’s name In programs and similar publications, an academic title is not well known, indicate the initialism or acronym in (e.g., Ph.D., Ed.D.) following the name takes precedence parentheses immediately following the first reference and over a “Dr.” preceding it (never use both). Physicians, refer to the organization by its abbreviation thereafter. dentists, psychiatrists, etc. may still properly be listed as Initialisms and acronyms are appropriate if well known; “Dr.” in a first reference, but again, don’t use both the they do not contain periods (except for U.S., U.N., and formal title and the degree. U.S.S.R., which are adjective forms only, and—unique to Gustavus—terms like the Alumni Office’s G.I.V.E. “Reverend” or “Rev.” is used to denote ordained volunteer service program, which may be a noun or ministers. It is properly preceded by “the” whether or adjective). Avoid coining initialisms or acronyms; instead, not abbreviated. However, note that it is an “honorific” merely shorten the name after the first reference: The title, like “the Honorable” (when addressing government “St. Peter Educational Reform Committee,” to use a officials such as judges, ambassadors, and representatives), hypothetical example, might be subsequently referred and is properly used only with the person’s full name or to as “the educational reform committee” or even “the with a courtesy title and last name (e.g., the Rev. Mr. reform committee.” Black). Using the word “Reverend” as a noun (as in, “Good morning, Reverend”) is an informal usage, with Abbreviate the following in text copy (display uses may which some clergy take umbrage: deviate): • “The Reverend Craig Johnson,” “the Rev. Craig • “St.” in city and town names, as in “St. Peter,” “St. Johnson,” or “the Rev. Mr. Johnson” (but not Cloud,” etc. This is an exception to the National “Rev. Johnson,” “the Rev. Johnson,” or “Rev. Craig 5-Digit ZIP Code and Post Office Directory listings to Johnson”); likewise, “the Honorable Paul Magnuson” reflect the official signage and identification of the or “the Hon. Paul Magnuson” (but not “Hon. communities and to conform to AP usage. Magnuson,” “the Hon. Magnuson,” or “Hon. Paul • Units of measure when preceded by numerals. Magnuson”). • “a.m.” and “p.m.” (not “pm” or “PM”; “p.m.” is • “The Reverend Dr. Herbert Chilstrom” or “the Rev. permissible if the font you’re using includes “small Dr. Chilstrom” (when referring to ordained ministers caps.” And, while we’re on the subject of time, avoid who have an earned doctorate). “o’clock”). • “a.d.,” “c.e.,” “b.c.,” “b.c.e.” (a.d. and c.e. should Titles (and, in most cases, first names) should be precede the date, the latter two should follow it; use dropped on second reference and thereafter. Exceptions small caps where possible: a.d. 1066, 3000 b.c.e.). are familiar and frequently used occupational titles such as “Coach” or “Chief.” (See also CAPITALIZATION Do not abbreviate (in text copy): section.) • Days of the week or months. • The first word in a sentence. • The title “Professor.”
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In reference to titles of books, music, and other works of art, we follow the Chicago Manual of Style (7.126–154) IDIOSYNCRASIES rather than AP: Student references: • Titles of books, magazines, newspapers, long poems, • We follow the NCAA in referring to participants in and plays are set in italics. sports as “student-athletes” (note hyphen). • Titles of articles in books or magazines, short stories, • We try to use “first-year student” rather than short poems, and essays are enclosed in quotes. “freshman.” • Titles of motion pictures and television series are italicized; titles of individual television programs and Computerese: radio programs are quoted. • The word “e-mail” is still hyphenated (although it • Titles of art exhibitions are quoted; titles of paintings, stands a good chance of losing the hyphen in the near drawings, statues, etc. are italicized. future as language evolves). The word “online,” on the • Titles of long musical compositions and record albums other hand, has already lost the hyphen. And, although (and CDs) are italicized; titles of songs and other short AP still prefers “homepage” to be two words, we like musical compositions are quoted. it as one. • Informal and familiar titles (e.g., Mona Lisa) are • The word “Web” is capitalized when it refers to the simply capped. World Wide Web (although, like the graham cracker, it’s a likely candidate to be lowercased in the future): “Web pages,” “Web protocol”. One-word derivations, STEREOTYPES like “website,” “webmaster,” and “webcast,” are not capped; the word “Internet” is. Men and women should be treated primarily as people, and • Use a hyphen in the word “dot-coms,” a generic term not primarily as members of opposite sexes. Their shared for businesses operating on the Internet. humanity and common attributes should be stressed—not • CD-ROM, MIDI, RAM, and URL are printed using their gender difference. Neither sex should be stereotyped all caps. or arbitrarily assigned to a leading or secondary role. • In running text, URLs (and e-mail addresses) may ~ “Guidelines for Equal Treatment of the Sexes in be boldfaced, italicized, or enclosed in angle brackets McGraw-Hill Book Co. Publications” to avoid confusion with other punctuation: “The College’s website is gustavus.edu,” “visit
Edit for inadvertent slurs or unnecessary references to A nod to Latin: race, color, nationality, locale, religion, marital or parental • A retired male professor may earn “emeritus” status; a status, physical or mental condition, economic status, retired female professor would earn “emerita” status: gender and gender attributes, sexual preference, or age. “Verlin Carlson, professor emeritus of psychology,” “Professor Emerita Ann Brady.” Groups are emeriti professors. (Regardless of actual rank upon retirement, they are emeriti professors.) • A female graduate is an “alumna,” a male is an “alumnus.” “Alumnae” describes a group of female graduates, while “alumni” is used for both an all-male group of graduates and a mixed group, following the Latin usage.
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GUSTAVUS USAGE: An Alphabetical Listing This listing is a complement to the College’s evolving stylebook, Gustavus Style. It was developed as a reference for Gustavus-specific and other frequently encountered words and phrases, and for clarifications of and exceptions to theAP Stylebook, Webster’s New World College Dictionary, and the Chicago Manual of Style, the standard style references used for Gustavus publications. It also includes answers to some common questions about usage and punctuation.
If you have questions that don’t seem to be addressed here, if you discover an error, or if you have a suggestion for clearer usage, please contact Steve Waldhauser, director of editorial services, in the Office of Marketing and Communication, (phone ext. 7650, or e-mailwaldo@ gustavus.edu).
While printed versions of the style and usage guides are available, the most current version of this usage guide may be accessed through the Gustavus home page on the Web, at gustavus. edu/marketing/files/. A fact page about the College is also online at gustavus.edu/news/.
A • academic affairs, Office of the Vice President for • Advising Center Academic Affairs, Office of the Provost • affect/effect: The former is usually a verb, meaning • Academic All-American, Academic All-America team “to influence”; its noun use is best avoided. The latter selected by CoSIDA: Several coaches’ associations is more frequently used as a noun, meaning “result”; and other sports bodies announce all-academic teams, as a verb it means “to cause.” but the only program that should be capitalized as • African American (noun or adjective) Academic All-American is the CoSIDA selection. • Afro-American • Academic Assistants • age: Always use numerals (5 years old; the 2,000-year- • academic computing: Instructional Services unit of old man—note two hyphens in adjective). Gustavus Technology Services (GTS) • Ala.: abbreviation for Alabama • academic degrees: Consult dictionary. • Alaska: Do not abbreviate. • academic honesty policy • alcohol education, Office of Alcohol and Drug • academic year (e.g., 2004–05): Generally, don’t repeat Education (housed in the Peer Assistance Center) century (note also no apostrophe), except when • All-American (noun or adjective; capitalized when century changes (1999–2000). Other inclusive years referring to an NCAA-recognized athletic honor): are written in full (e.g., 1936–1942). She is an All-American; but, she is on the All-America • a cappella team. Do not cap “all” when used generically: Jack • ACT (American College Test) Armstrong is an all-American boy. • A.D. or C.E. (goes before the year, small caps • “Alma Mater” (school song) preferred if available: a.d. 1215) • Almén-Vickner Collection • administration building, Edgar M. Carlson • Almén-Vickner Guest House (first ref.), the guest Administration Building (first ref.), Carlson house Administration Building (not “Admin”) • Almén-Vickner Phi Beta Kappa Room, Phi Beta Kappa • administrative computing: Administrative Services Room unit of Gustavus Technology Services (GTS), formerly • alumni association, Gustavus Alumni Association Administrative Information Systems (first ref.): formerly the Greater Gustavus Alumni • admission office, Office of Admission (formerly Association admissions; note no “s” now) • alumni fund, the Gustavus Alumni Fund (part of the • Adolphson House Gustavus Fund) • Advanced Placement, AP, Advanced Placement • Alumni Hall: a room, not a building program • alumni office, Office of Alumni Relations • adviser (preferred over advisor); but, advisory
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• alumnus/alumna: from the Latin; an individual male • athletic department: The NCAA prefers athletics graduate is referred to as an “alumnus,” a female as an department (note plural); Department of “alumna”; a group of female graduates is “alumnae,” Intercollegiate Athletics. a group of males (and a mixed group, following Latin • athletic director: The NCAA stylebook prefers athletics usage) is “alumni.” director. • a.m. (a.m. permissible if small caps available), not am • audio-visual: Media Services (not to be confused with or AM in text (See also: “times of day.”) media relations, which is the province of the Office of • American Indian, Indian Nations: The specific tribal Marketing and Communication) heritage is preferred, if known. • awhile, a while (the former is an adverb, the latter a • Amigos: community service organization serving the noun): He sat awhile, but she sat for a while. Chicano-Latino population in the St. Peter area • Evan Anderson Lecture (in communication studies) • Anderson Social Science Center, A.H. Anderson Social B • baccalaureate, baccalaureate service Science Center (first ref.), former classroom building • bachelor’s degree (but, bachelor of arts degree), A.B., for social sciences, now being renovated B.A., B.S. (check standard of granting school); use of • Anderson Theatre, Evan and Evelyn Anderson Theatre periods optional—just be consistent. (first ref.), theatre: Note use of “British” spelling for • bands at Gustavus: the Gustavus Wind Orchestra both the facility and the program at Gustavus. (formerly Gustavus Band), the Vasa Wind Orchestra • anniversaries (institutional): Higher education is big (formerly Adolphus Band), the Gustavus Jazz Lab on anniversary celebrations, so it’s important that Band, the Adolphus Jazz Ensemble we’re proper in our references to them. Most of • B.C. or B.C.E. (follows the year, small caps preferred if the following terms are tremendously awkward, so available: 3000 b.c.e.) alternative labels like “jubilee” may be preferred. • Beck Academic Hall, Warren & Donna Beck Academic 50 = quinquagenary (or jubilee; golden) Hall (first ref.) 75 = semisesquicentennial (diamond) • Bernadotte Memorial Library, Folke Bernadotte 100 = centennial (or centenary) Memorial Library (first ref.), Bernadotte Library, the 125 = quasquicentennial library 150 = sesquicentennial • Bernhardson Chair, The Rev. Drell and Adeline 175 = quartoseptcentennial Bernhardson Distinguished Chair in Lutheran Studies 200 = bicentennial (or bicentenary) (first ref.) 250 = semiquincentennial • bias-free language: When in doubt about presenting 300 = tercentennial (or tricentenary) a bias in your writing, ask yourself these questions: 1) 1,000 = millennial Would I say the same thing about a person of another • annual fund: now officially known as the Gustavus sex, race, age, socioeconomic background, or creed? Annual Fund (which includes the Gustavus Alumni 2) Would I want to have this said about me? If your Fund) answer to either is “no,” write it another way. (See • anthropology department, Department of Sociology also: “nonsexist language.”) and Anthropology • Bible: Capitalize but do not italicize when referring to • AP: Advanced Placement the various versions of the Judeo-Christian Scriptures • Arbor Day (observed on the last Friday in April) or any books contained therein. • Arbor View Apartments: previously, the Jefferson • biblical Avenue apartments • Big Partner program (not Big Brother-Big Sister) • arboretum, Linnaeus Arboretum • biochemistry and molecular biology (major), • arboretum interpretive center, Melva Lind Interpretive Biochemistry program Center (first ref.), Lind Interpretive Center • biology department, Department of Biology • archives: 1) Gustavus Adolphus College Archives, • bi-racial: Use multi-racial or specify racial combination College Archives; 2) Lutheran Church Archives, instead. Church Archives (both in Folke Bernadotte Memorial • Björling Recital Hall (use the umlaut whenever Library) typographically possible), Jussi Björling Recital Hall • ARF (advance registration fee, informally) (first ref.), recital hall: formerly referred to as Björling • Ariz.: abbreviation for Arizona Concert Hall but arguably not large enough to be a • Ark.: abbreviation for Arkansas true concert hall • art department, Department of Art and Art History • Black (capped as noun or adjective referring to race; • art gallery, Hillstrom Museum of Art exception to AP) • Asian American (noun or adjective) • Black Box • Asian Cultures Club (ACC): Note plural “Cultures.” • Black student organization: now officially the Pan Afrikan Student Organization (PASO)
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• board of directors: Cap only when preceded by • century: ninth century, 19th century—spell out “first” official title of organization (e.g., Gustavus Alumni through “ninth”; otherwise, use ordinals. (Exception: Association Board of Directors). Faculty frequently prefer centuries spelled out in • board of trustees, Gustavus Adolphus College Board catalog course descriptions.) Hyphenate adjective of Trustees, board member or trustee forms (18th-century art). • Board Room (in the Jackson Campus Center) • Certified Nurse Practitioner • the Book Mark, book store • chair: The gender-neutral “chair” and “chairperson” • Borgeson Cabin are preferred over “chairman.” • Brick House (razed after the 1998 tornado) • chapel (referring to the building), Christ Chapel • Brown Outdoor Tennis Complex • Chapel services: Daily Celebration (weekdays), Holy • “Building Bridges”: annual student-led diversity Communion (Sundays), Chapel (informal usage, as in conference first organized in 1996 “On weekdays, Chapel is at 10 a.m.”) • building names: Capitalize full or shortened title— • chaplain: Capitalize only as title immediately preceding Folke Bernadotte Memorial Library, Bernadotte name (Chaplain Brian Johnson; but, Brian Johnson, Library—but not informal references such as “the chaplain) library” or “the athletics center.” Don’t abbreviate any • chaplains’ office, Office of the Chaplains words in a building name. (See also: “rooms.”) • chemistry department, Department of Chemistry • business office: former name of finance office, Office • Chicano (referring to Mexicano or Mexican American) of the Vice President for Finance • the Choir of Christ Chapel, chapel choir • choral groups at Gustavus: the Birgitta Singers, the Chamber Singers, the Choir of Christ Chapel, Christ C • cabinet, President’s Cabinet Singers, the Gustavus Choir, the Lucia Singers, St. • Calendar of Events: Cap only when referring to the Ansgar’s Chorus official weekly calendar in Inside Gustavus. • Christ Chapel, chapel • Calif.: abbreviation for California • Christmas in Christ Chapel • campaigns: Official names of fund-raising campaigns • church/Church: Capitalize when part of an individual are capped (e.g., Three Crowns Campaign, Building a church name or when referring specifically to the Greater Gustavus). ELCA, as in “Gustavus is a college of the Church.” • Campus Activities Board (CAB) • church relations, Office of Church Relations (part of • campus center, C. Charles Jackson Campus Center the Center for Servant Leadership) (first ref.), Jackson Campus Center • Class of . . . [insert year]; for alumni identification in • campus security, Campus Safety (“Office of” not the Gustavus Quarterly, use last two digits of grad included in official title) year following name: Dean Wahlund ’72 (watch that • campuswide the apostrophe isn’t reversed). References to alumni • the Canteen (former snack bar/coffee shop) graduating 100 or more years ago should include • Career Center (another case in which the word entire year to avoid confusion: Henry Benson 1893. “Office” is not included in the official title) • classical studies, Department of Classics, classics • career resource library (in Career Center) department • Carlson Administration Building, Edgar M. Carlson • coed (referring to coeducation or coeducational, but Administration Building (first ref.), administration not as a term for women students) building • College Archives (official title: Gustavus Adolphus • Carlson International Center, Curtis and Arleen College Archives; see “archives”) Carlson International Center (first ref.), international • College Board examination(s), College Boards center • College Calendar: both the official online calendar of • Carlson Pavilion, Curtis and Arleen Carlson Pavilion the College and the academic year calendar printed of Nobel Hall of Science (first ref.) in the Academic Bulletin (other uses should not be • catalog: Academic Bulletin of Gustavus Adolphus capitalized) College [year] is the official title of the publication. Do • college dining room, Evelyn Young Dining Room not cap or italicize “catalog” (as in Gustavus Adolphus (first ref.); distinguished from the Market Place, which College catalog) or use “catalog” or “college catalog” is the servery as an official reference. • college relations: now officially marketing and • CD-ROM (all caps) communication; Office of the Vice President for • CEEB, College Entrance Examination Board Marketing and Communication • central heating plant • College View Apartments • Collegiate Fellows, CFs, resident assistants
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• Colo.: abbreviation for Colorado • Daily Celebration: weekday Chapel service • commencement, [year] Commencement Exercises D • dance department, Department of Theatre and Dance (capitalized when referring to the specific event at • Datatel: administrative database Gustavus), commencement speaker • dates: Use commas to set year apart when including • committee names: Capitalize if official. day (June 6, 1944, was D-Day) but not with month • communication studies, Department of and year only (D-Day plans came to fruition in June Communication Studies 1944). Do not abbreviate names of days or months in • Community Service Center: formerly the Office of text (exception to AP standard; months of six letters or Community Service Programs more may be abbreviated in datelines and listings). Do • community service programs not use a hyphen or dash with “from” or “between” • Complex: informal name for the linked north-end (wrong: from May 7–14, between May 27–June 4; residence halls North, Gibbs, and Sorensen right: from May 7 to May 14, between May 27 and • comprise: an active, transitive verb meaning “include” June 14, or May 7–14). or “contain.” The whole comprises its parts (not the • dean of the faculty’s office, now officially the Office other way around, and not “is comprised of”): “The of the Provost or the Office of the Vice President for course work comprises three tests, two papers, and the Academic Affairs final.” • dean of students’ office, Office of the Vice President • Computer Helpline for Student Affairs • computer programming languages: BASIC; • dean of students, vice president for student affairs FORTRAN; LOGO; Pascal, C++, etc. (following name); capitalize if immediately preceding • computer science department, Department of name: Dean of Students Jeff Stocco, Dean Stocco Mathematics and Computer Science • Dean’s List • computing center: Gustavus Technology Services • decades: 1930s, ’30s (no apostrophe before the “s”) (GTS), still informally known as IT • degrees (academic): Consult AP Stylebook and • Confer Hall, Ogden P. Confer Hall (first ref.) dictionary. • Conn.: abbreviation for Connecticut • Del.: abbreviation for Delaware • continuing education, Office of Academic Outreach • Departmental Honors program; honors program(s) • controller (not comptroller) • department names: The term “department” is • copy center, print room, Office of Printing Services generally used for academic areas—and usually • Corporate and Foundation Relations, Office of: part precedes the area name—while “office” applies to of the institutional advancement area administrative areas (with some exceptions). Only the • CoSIDA, College Sports Information Directors of official name is capitalized (i.e., Department of Art and America Art History vs. art department). Formal and informal • Counseling Center names may be used interchangeably, though audience • course names and numbers: Refer to catalog for sensitivity should be exercised. Department of . . . official names and numbers. Use Arabic numerals, Art and Art History and capitalize and spell out the subject in text copy Biology when used with a numeral: Biology 101, “Principles of Chemistry Biology” (not BIO 101). Classics • Courtyard Café (in the Jackson Campus Center) Communication Studies • criminal justice (major), Criminal Justice program Economics and Management (interdepartmental program) Elementary and Secondary Education • cross country (no hyphen in noun or adjective form) English • Crossroads: program name for international theme Geography housing; now in the Carlson International Center Geology • Culpeper language center, Charles E. Culpeper Health and Exercise Science Foundation Multimedia Language Learning Center History (first ref.), Culpeper Language Learning Center; part Mathematics and Computer Science of Gustavus Technology Services (GTS) Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures • Curriculum I (distributive core), Curriculum II Music (integrated core): general education alternatives Nursing • custodial services (not housekeeping) Philosophy Physics Political Science Psychology Religion Scandinavian Studies Sociology and Anthropology Theatre and Dance
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• development office: now divided into three separate • endowed chairs, endowed professorships (always offices, which are all part of the institutional capitalized; first refs. below): advancement division—gift planning, the Gustavus The Rev. Drell and Adeline Bernhardson Fund, and corporate and foundation relations Distinguished Chair in Lutheran Studies • Dining Service, Department of Dining Service Board of Trustees Endowed Chair in (exception to “office” rule) Economics and Management • Directors’ Cup, United States Sports Academy Board of Trustees Endowed Distinguished Directors’ Cup (first ref.): all-sports trophy Professorship in Economics and Management • disabled: “Persons with disabilities” is preferred. Ogden and Elizabeth Confer Professorship in • disk (computer; not disc, as in compact disc, although Entrepreneurship a CD-ROM is a compact disc): At any rate, “diskette” Arthur Glass, Charles Hamrum, and Arne is preferred when referring to the standard 3 ½-inch, Langsjoen Professorship in Biochemistry plastic-encased unit. C. Charles Jackson Chair in Finance and • Distinguished Alumni Citation Accounting • the Dive Ethel and Edgar F. Johnson Professorship in • Diversity Center, housing the Office of Diversity the Fine Arts Development and Multicultural Programs Kogure (Motoichiro) Chair in Japanese Studies • Division III (NCAA classification of Gustavus athletics Victor E. Lawson Chair in Swedish Immigrant teams) Studies • doctorate, doctoral degree, Ph.D., Ed.D., Th.D., etc. Dr. Richard W. Lindholm Chair in Public Finance • dollars (print standards): $6 million drive (note no Kyle Montague Scholar in Law, Business and hyphen in adjective form when using a numeral), $40 Public Policy (not $40.00 or 40 dollars); use arabic numerals rather Grace and Bertil Pehrson Chair in Education than spelling out dollar amounts. Dorothy Peterson, Mildred Peterson Hanson • donor directory, [year] Directory of Donors and Arthur Jennings Hanson Chair in Liberal (Periodically, a contracted publisher also produces an Studies Alumni Directory.) Drs. Robert E. and Susan T. Rydell • dormitory: Avoid—Gustavus students live in residence Professorship at Gustavus Adolphus College halls, apartments, and houses. Florence and Raymond Sponberg Chair in • dot-coms: generic term for businesses operating on the Ethics Internet (note hyphen) Francis Morey Uhler Chair in Biology Jon and Anita Thomsen Young Distinguished Endowed Chair in Music E • Early Decision Plan • English department, Department of English • Easter Recess • ensure/insure: Use “insure” when referring to • Eckman Mall (north of Christ Chapel, between financial or contractual issues; use “ensure” in the Johnson Student Union/Jackson Campus Center and more general sense of making certain, guaranteeing. Carlson Administration Building) • environmental studies (major), Environmental Studies • economics department, Department of Economics program (interdepartmental program) and Management (formerly Department of Economics • Environmental Studies Center (wing of Melva Lind and Business) Interpretive Center) • education department, Department of Elementary and • Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (first ref.), Secondary Education ELCA (permissible in subsequent references) • e-mail (noun or adjective, also verb), electronic mail: • Ex Libris: newsletter of Gustavus Library Associates Use lowercase for e-mail addresses (e.g., dwahlund@ • extension, campus telephone: Spell out or, if space is gustavus.edu). limited, use “ext.” (“x” is permissible in tabular lists • emeritus, emerita: title accorded retired faculty and in Inside Gustavus.) members by vote of the full professors on the faculty; the retiree becomes an emeritus or emerita professor regardless of academic rank at retirement (pl. emeriti F • faculty: collective singular word referring to all the or emeritae; emeriti for mixed group). teachers of a school or of one of its departments or • emigrant/immigrant: The former refers to one divisions; use “faculty member” to identify individual who leaves a country, the latter to one who enters a professors country; it’s really a matter of perspective. • Faculty Forum • emulate/adopt: You emulate a person, but you adopt • faculty lounge: officially the Faculty and Staff Center a person’s style, habit, attitude, etc. (in the Jackson Campus Center) • faculty manual: Italicize and capitalize only when indicating a particular edition (e.g., [year] Faculty Manual).
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• Faculty Senate • “49er” Conference Room (in the Jackson Campus • Faculty Shop Talk (Friday seminar) Center) • faculty-student ratio: Use “student-faculty ratio,” since • forum, Lund Center Forum the larger number is usually listed first (e.g., 12:1). • Founders Day (October 31; note no apostrophe) • fall break: officially, Reading Break • 4-1-4 calendar • Family Weekend (formerly “Parents Weekend”) • fractions: Use figures when larger than one, employing • fax, facsimile (not FAX) “case” fractions when possible ( ½, ¼, and ¾ are • Federal Direct Student Loan Program, William D. commonly available); spell out when less than one Ford Direct Student Loan Program: At Gustavus, this (1½, 1-3/16, but two-thirds). program is usually called the Federal Direct Stafford/ • fraternities and sororities: With the exception of the Ford Loan Program. Take care when referring to it— departmental and general academic honor societies, there’s also a Federal Stafford Student Loan Program all but a couple new colonies are local; capitalize the (which the College dropped when the Federal Direct Greek letters in the individual names but not the word Student Loan Program was instituted in 1994), and “greeks” when referring to these social organizations. loans known as Stafford Loans are available through • Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) either program. • freelance (adjective) • Federal Direct Parent Loan for Undergraduate • French (major); Department of Modern Languages, Students (PLUS; available through the Federal Direct Literatures, and Cultures; French department Student Loan Program) (informally) • Federal Direct Stafford Loan (available through the • freshmen: Use “first-year students” instead. Federal Direct Student Loan Program—cf. the next • Friends of Linnaeus Arboretum few entries) • FTE (full-time equivalent, referring to enrollment • Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP): totals): for statistical reports only; use full-time head formerly known as the Stafford Student Loan Program count when indicating enrollment in text. or Federal Stafford Student Loan Program (before • fundraiser or fundraising that the Guaranteed Student Loan Program), this program is no longer used by the College. • Federal Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students G • G-Club (PLUS; note difference from Federal Direct PLUS • Ga.: abbreviation for Georgia Loan—this one is part of the FFELP, which the • GAC: Avoid; use “Gustavus” instead. College no longer utilizes.) • Gamelin China Studies Lectureship, Francis C. and • Federal Perkins Loan Program (formerly the National Ruth Vikner Gamelin Endowment Fund for China Direct/Defense Student Loan) Studies (first ref.) • Federal Stafford Loan: Note difference from Federal • gender, women, and sexuality studies (major and Direct Stafford Loan—this one is part of the FFELP. minor); Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies • Festival of St. Lucia: traditionally celebrated at program (interdepartmental program) Gustavus on the Thursday closest to December 13 • geography department, Department of Geography • fieldwork (but, “course work”) • geology department, Department of Geology • 50 Year Club (no hyphen) • Gibbs Hall, Karen Gibbs Residence Hall (first ref.); • finance office (formerly business office), Office of the formerly the Link Vice President for Finance • Gibbs Lounge, Karen Gibbs Lounge (first ref.) • financial aid office: formerly Office of Student • Gibbs Tennis Center, Karen Gibbs Tennis Center (first Financial Assistance, now Office of Financial Aid ref.), north tennis courts (again) • gift planning; Office of Gift Planning, part of the • fine arts, Office of Fine Arts Programs institutional advancement division • Firethorne, student literary magazine • G.I.V.E., Gusties In Volunteer Endeavors: volunteer • First Decade Award (alumni award; no hyphen) service program organized by alumni office • first-semester courses, fall-semester courses • grade point average, GPA (not G.P.A. or QPA) • First Term Seminar (no hyphen) • Grant Information: newsletter of the Office of • first-year students (hyphenate; avoid “freshmen”) Corporate and Foundation Relations • Fla.: abbreviation for Florida • Greater Gustavus Award • floors (in buildings): use first floor, second floor, not • Greek (minor), Department of Classics Floor 2, etc. • greeks: members of fraternities and sororities or the • Food Service: former name of the Department of groups themselves. Note that the word is not capped Dining Service when used in this context. • football field, Lloyd Hollingsworth Football Field • Gribly , campus directory (now online) (first ref.); but, not Hollingsworth Stadium • Guaranteed Cost Plan
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• Guaranteed Student Loan Program (renamed Stafford H • Hall of Fame, Gustavus Adolphus College Athletics Student Loan Program and now Federal Family Hall of Fame (first ref.) Education Loan Program) • George Hall Lecture (in religion); George Hall Prize • Guild of St. Ansgar • handbook, student handbook, Gustavus Guide • Guild of St. Lucia • handicapped: “Person with disabilities” and “physically • Gustav II Adolf: Swedish king (1594–1632) for whom challenged” are preferred. the College is named (He was known as Gustavus • Hasselquist Room, Maynard Hasselquist International Adolphus in his day; note modern spelling and Studies Room (first ref.), library reading room placement of Roman numerals between names; cf. Carl XVI Gustaf, the current monarch.) • Hawaii: Do not abbreviate; the ‘okinas marking glottal • the Gustavian, the College’s annual stops (as in native spellings: Hawai‘i, Kaua‘i) may be • the Gustavian Weekly, the Weekly (informally) omitted. • Gustavus, Gustavus Adolphus College (first ref.) • health and physical education, Department of Health • Gustavus Adolphus College Association of and Exercise Science Congregations, Association of Congregations • hearing-impaired (an adjective, not a noun) (GACAC; but avoid the acronym when speaking) • the Health Service • Gustavus Adolphus Day (November 6) • Helpline: IT help desk • Gustavus Ambassadors (student group); formerly • Heterodoxy Gustavus Pride • high school (no hyphen in adjective usage) • the Gustavus Annual Fund: now a separate office in • Hillstrom Museum of Art, Richard L. Hillstrom the institutional advancement area responsible for Museum of Art (first ref.) unrestricted annual giving, including alumni giving • Hispanic (a term dating from the Nixon • the Gustavus Choir, the concert choir administration referring to people from Spanish- • Gustavus Christian Community speaking countries living in the United States; see • Gustavus Guide, student handbook separate entries for “Chicano” and “Latino.”) • Gustavus Health Promotion (GHP) • historic, historical: takes the article “a,” not “an” • the Gustavus Jazz Lab Band, jazz band • history department, Department of History • Gustavus Library Associates (GLA): collective singular • Hollingsworth Football Field, Hollingsworth Field, construction (don’t use “the”) (only the field, not the stadium) • Gustavus Outdoor Enthusiasts (GOE) • Holly House (college-owned house razed after the • the Gustavus Philharmonic Orchestra 1998 tornado, formerly called the Wolf House; see • the Gustavus Quarterly, the Quarterly “Swedish House” entry) • the Gustavus Symphony Orchestra, touring group • Holy Communion: Sunday Chapel service • Gustavus Technology Services (GTS) • homepage • Gustavus Ticket Center, ticket center • honorary degree, honorary doctorate • Gustavus Wellness Group (GWG) • honor code: academic honesty policy (est. 2003) • the Gustavus Wind Orchestra, the concert band • honors, graduation honors: cum laude, magna cum • Gustavus Youth Outreach (GYO) laude, summa cum laude (italicized) • Gustie, Gusties (informal) • Honors Day • Gustie Den: the Student Organizations Suite in the • housekeeping (custodial preferred) Jackson Campus Center • Human Performance Laboratory • Gustie Greeters (student group) • human resources, Department of Human Resources • “Gustie Rouser” (fight song); the Golden Gustie (formerly personnel) Rouser (athletics department newsletter) • hyphen: Use it to avoid ambiguity or to form a • gymnastics (Note “s”; however, construction is single idea out of two or more words. Hyphenate singular: “Gymnastics is a winter sport.”) compound adjectives that precede nouns (a first- • gymnastics studio, Sponberg Gymnastics Studio quarter touchdown, a know-it-all attitude), but don’t when those same combinations stand alone or follow the noun (He scored a touchdown in the first quarter; her attitude suggested that she knew it all). Some well- established compound modifiers have lost the hyphen (a high school play, the civil rights movement). Do not hyphenate after “very” or words ending in “ly” (adverbs). Also, note “suspensive hyphenation”: a 10- to 20-year sentence.
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• I Am We Are, social justice theatre company • Jackson Campus Center, C. Charles Jackson Campus I • ID, IDs, Gustavus ID (referring to card) J Center (first ref.), campus center • Idaho: Do not abbreviate. • Jackson Campus Center banquet rooms: Three • Ill.: abbreviation for Illinois Crowns Room, Heritage Room, St. Peter Room • Inc.: Abbreviate and cap when used as part of a • January Term: now Interim Experience (IEX), January corporate name. It is usually not needed in text but, if Interim Experience, or interim (avoid “J-Term” or “J it is used, do not set it off with commas; follow usage Term” except in informal usage) of corporation when listing. • Japanese studies (major); Japanese Studies program; • Ind.: abbreviation for Indiana Department of Modern Languages, Literatures, and • Indigenous Students Association (ISA) Cultures • individualized major • Johns Family Courtyard (note no apostrophe—the • Information Center, operated by the Student Activities benefactor family’s surname is Johns) Office (also functions as ticket center) • Johnson Center for Environmental Innovation, Glen • information systems: now all reorganized as Gustavus and LaVonne Johnson Center for Environmental Technology Services (GTS) Innovation (first ref.) • Inside Gustavus, weekly community newsletter, • Johnson Endowment (or Fund) for the Arts, Ethel formerly named the Yellow Sheet and Edgar F. Johnson Endowment for the Arts (first • institutional advancement, Office of the Vice President ref.; see also: “endowed chairs.”) for Institutional Advancement (including gift • Johnson Hall (razed after 1998 tornado; named for planning, the Gustavus Annual Fund, alumni relations, Governor John A. Johnson) and corporate and foundation relations) • Johnson Student Union, O.J. Johnson Student Union • institutional research, Office of Institutional Research (first ref.), student union • insure (See “ensure/insure.”) • Jr.: Do not use a comma (Henry Benson Jr.). • intercollegiate athletics, Department of Intercollegiate • judicial boards: Peer Board, College Judicial Board, Athletics College Appeals Board. Avoid using “j-board.” • Inter-Greek Senate • junior (referring to a third-year student) • interim, Interim Experience (IEX), January Interim Experience (formerly January Term) • international center, Curtis and Arleen Carlson K • Kan.: abbreviation for Kansas International Center (first ref.), Carlson International • Kendall Center, John S. Kendall Center for Engaged Center Learning (first ref.), faculty development center • International Cultures Club (ICC): formerly • Kendall Lecture, Annual Kendall Lecture in International Student Organization Psychology (first ref.) • international students: preferred over “foreign” • Key Education Resources (formerly Knight College • international study office, Office of International and Resources) Cultural Education (housed in Carlson International • KGAC/KNGA: MPR station formerly affiliated with Center) Gustavus (no longer maintains campus studio) • the Internet, the Net • Kresge Room, dance studio • Internet addressing protocol: e.g., gustavus.edu (If a • Ky.: abbreviation for Kentucky conventional “www” address, “http://” and “www” may be dropped when referring to a College URL. Follow site conventions for others.) Avoid using gac. L • La.: abbreviation for Louisiana edu. Boldfacing or enclosing with angle brackets in • LAN: local area network (computer network; see also: text can avoid confusion with other punctuation. “WAN”) • interpretive center, Melva Lind Interpretive Center • language laboratory (See “Culpeper language center.”) (first ref.), Linnaeus Arboretum interpretive center, • Latin (major), Department of Classics arboretum interpretive center • Latin American, Latino, and Caribbean studies • Iowa: Do not abbreviate. (minor); Latin American, Latino, and Caribbean • IT: informal acronym for the former Department of Studies (LALACS) program (interdepartmental Information Technology, now reorganized as Gustavus program) Technology Services (GTS) • Latina/Latino (referring to Spanish-speaking • italics for foreign terms: Italicize words that haven’t heritages, cultures, or peoples, generally other than been incorporated into everyday use. Second and later Spanish and Mexican) appearances in an article need not be italicized. (Words • Leadership Center, housing the Office of Student into Type has a good list showing which are rendered Activities in roman and which are italicized.) • Leadholm Conference Room (in the Jackson Campus Center)
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• Lefler Lecture/Lecturer, Herbert and Mary Jane French Lefler Lecture/Lecturer (first ref.) French teaching • legacy (used informally in reference to a student whose gender, women, and sexuality studies parents also attended Gustavus) geography • “Legacy”: development office newsletter or section geography honors in the Quarterly (don’t emphasize the “GAC” by geology capitalizing those letters, as in “LeGACy”) health education • Melva Lind Interpretive Center (not Interpretative) health education teaching • Lindau Symposium health fitness • Link Hall, the Link; now renamed Gibbs Hall history • Linnaeus Arboretum, the arboretum history honors • Linner Lounge (pronounced “lin-NEAR”) individualized • local area network: LAN (computer network) international management • Lund Arena (See also: “Roberts Rink.”) Japanese studies • Lund Center, Lund Center for Physical Education and Latin Health (first ref.), athletics center Latin honors • Lund Music Library, music library management • Lundgren House mathematics mathematics honors mathematics teaching • magazine and newspaper titles: Italicize the complete music M title as it appears on the publication (but identifying music education the city if not part of the title: Mankato Free Press, the music education honors New York Times, the Gustavian Weekly, Minneapolis music honors Star Tribune, Life magazine). nursing • MAGIC (Meaningful Activities with Gusties In the philosophy Community) philosophy honors • Maine: Do not abbreviate. physical education • majors: Use lowercase for subjects except in cases physical education teaching with a proper noun, such as English, French, and physics Scandinavian studies: physics honors accounting physics teaching accounting, public political science art education political science honors art history psychology art studio psychology honors athletic training religion biochemistry and molecular biology Russian and Eastern European studies biology Scandinavian studies biology honors social studies teaching biology/life science teaching sociology and anthropology chemistry sociology and anthropology honors chemistry ACS Spanish chemistry teaching Spanish teaching classics theatre classics honors theatre honors communication arts/literature teaching • marketing and communication, Office of Marketing communication studies and Communication (formerly College Relations, communication studies honors Marketing and Public Relations, and Public Affairs) computer science • Market Place, Gustavus Adolphus Market Place (first computer science honors ref.), Dining Service servery (not dining room) dance • Mass.: abbreviation for Massachusetts dance honors • master of arts degree, master’s degree earth science/space teaching • master’s degree, M.A., M.S., M.B.A., M.F.A., etc. economics • mathematics department, Department of Mathematics elementary education and Computer Science, math department (informal) English • Mattson Hall, P.A. Mattson Hall (first ref.) environmental studies
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• MAYDAY! Conference (all caps for poster and display • natatorium, swimming pool use, but permissible to lowercase in text) N • National Merit Scholarship Program, Merit • Md.: abbreviation for Maryland Scholarships • media services: part of the Instructional and Media • National Collegiate Gymnastics Association (NCGA): Services unit of Gustavus Technology Services (not national governing body to which the Gustavus media relations, which are handled by the Office of gymnastics team belongs. (Gymnastics is the only Marketing and Communication) varsity sport at the College not currently affiliated with • Merit Scholar, National Merit Scholarship Program the NCAA.) finalist • Native American (referring to an American Indian; • MIAC, Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference when referring generally to any native-born American, (athletics conference to which Gustavus belongs): lowercase “native”) “MIAC Conference” is redundant. • N.C.: abbreviation for North Carolina • Mich.: abbreviation for Michigan • NCAA: Divisions are denoted by Roman numerals— • mid: Combine with common nouns and adjectives, I-A, I-AA, II, and III (Gustavus teams are in Division hyphenate with proper ones (midsummer, but mid- III). July). • NCUR, National Conference on Undergraduate • midnight (not 12 a.m. or 12 midnight) Research (first ref.) • Minn.: abbreviation for Minnesota • N.D.: abbreviation for North Dakota • Minnesota Student Educational Loan Fund Program • Neb.: abbreviation for Nebraska (SELF) • the Net (short for the Internet; note that both terms • MINITEX are capitalized) • minority: Use specific reference when possible and • Nev.: abbreviation for Nevada appropriate (Asian American, Mexican American) or, • news services, now media relations, part of the Office alternately, “person of color.” of College Relations (not media services, which are • minors only: Use same rules as for majors: provided by GTS) coaching • NeXT (computer system) Greek • N.H.: abbreviation for New Hampshire Latin American, Latino, and Caribbean studies • N.J.: abbreviation for New Jersey neuroscience • N.M.: abbreviation for New Mexico peace studies • Nobel Conference® . . . [use Roman or Arabic Russian numerals following or Arabic ordinals before to Russian studies (but, Russian and Eastern indicate which one], Nobel Conference series: European studies is a major) Registration mark should be included in display theatre for social justice usages, as the name has been licensed since 1984 and • Mission Statement (capitalized when referring to the is used with permission of the Nobel Foundation. official document of the College) • Nobel Hall of Science, Alfred Nobel Memorial Hall of • Miss.: abbreviation for Mississippi Science (first ref.), Nobel Hall, science hall • MnPALS (Public Access Library System) • nonsexist language: Masculine nouns and pronouns • Mo.: abbreviation for Missouri are no longer considered generic; he, his, chairman, • Model United Nations (MUN) forefathers, sportsmen, mankind, etc. should not be • Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, assumed to include women. Even assuming inclusion, Department of masculine construction may be awkward: “Man, like • Moe Lecture (in gender, women, and sexuality other mammals, breast-feeds his young.” There is studies), Robert and Karin Moe Visiting Lectureship almost always a better word. Alternately, the sentence (first ref.) may be rewritten, either 1) to eliminate the pronoun • Mont.: abbreviation for Montana (e.g., instead of “Each doctor treats his patients with • more than/over: Use “over” for spatial relationships. care,” consider “Each doctor treats patients with care”) • morning praise: also known as matins; a service of or 2) in the plural (if this does not alter the meaning morning song and prayer, generally observed in Christ of the sentence; e.g., try “Doctors treat their patients Chapel on Wednesdays during the school term, except with care”). Use “his or her” and “he or she” when during Lent appropriate, but avoid overusing them. Use generic • multicultural programs, Office of Diversity nouns: photographer, not cameraman; supervisor, Development and Multicultural Programs not foreman; nurse, not male nurse; representatives, • music department, Department of Music not congressmen. (Among recent publications on • Myrum Field, Myrum Baseball Field, baseball field nonsexist writing, the most comprehensive may be The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing, by Casey Miller and Kate Swift.)
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• nontraditional students, Non-Traditional Students • Ore.: abbreviation for Oregon (their special-interest organization) • Orgullo Latino Association of Students (OLAS): • noon (not 12 p.m. or 12 noon in text) Latino pride organization • nordic skiing (Note lowercase “n.”) • orient (verb): not “orientate” • Eric Norelius: Swedish immigrant pastor credited with • Orient (noun, referring to the Far East) founding the school that would become Gustavus • Oriental: Asian is preferred when referring to nations Adolphus College in Red Wing, Minn., in 1862. or nationalities; Oriental remains appropriate in (Note that we have adopted the more conventional reference to rugs. spelling of his Christian name, which was generally • orientation, Orientation (capped when referring to the spelled “Erik” in early documents.) program of activities for incoming Gustavus students • Norelius Hall (Named residence halls may carry preceding the start of fall semester) only the surname, even in first ref.; see also: “Gibbs,” • OTC: Olin Technology Center; OTC Classroom “Pittman,” “Rundstrom,” “Sohre,” “Sorensen,” and • “Our Story” Conference: annual PASO event “Uhler” hall entries.) • North Hall • not only/but also: If you use the former, also use both • Pa.: abbreviation for Pennsylvania words of the latter; a comma between phrases is not P • Pan Afrikan Student Organization (PASO): an necessary. organization representing the entire African diaspora; • numbers: Use a comma in numbers of four or more formerly the Black Student Organization digits except in dates, addresses, and page numbers. In • Parents Committee casual expressions and when rounding large numbers, • peace studies (minor), Peace Studies program spell out (thanks a million, nearly one thousand (interdepartmental program) people). Use cardinal numbers in dates (August 7, not • Peer Assistance Center, housing the Office of Alcohol August 7th). (See also: “fractions.”) and Drug Education • nursing consortium, Minnesota Intercollegiate • Peer Assistants (PAs) Nursing Consortium • Pell Grant, Federal Pell Grant Program, Pell award • nursing department, Department of Nursing • Peterson House • N.Y.: abbreviation for New York • Phi Beta Kappa Room, Almén-Vickner Phi Beta Kappa Room (first ref.) • Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar • observatory, Olin Hall observatory • Ph.D., Ph.D.s, PhD, PhDs O • occupational descriptions: informal, never capped— • philosophy department, Department of Philosophy astronaut John Glenn, men’s basketball coach Mark • physical plant, Physical Plant Department (exception Hanson. (However, cf. “Coach” as a formal and to the “office” rule) familiar title denoting scope of authority, which is • physics department, Department of Physics capped in referring to a head coach: Coach Hanson. • Pittman Hall (formerly Valley View Hall) The word “Chief” is used similarly.) • PLUS Program, Federal Direct Parent Loan for • OCLC (Online Computerized Library Cooperation, Undergraduate Students Program formerly Ohio Computerized...) • p.m. (See “a.m.”) • offices: Like departments, they are capped only if • political science, Department of Political Science formal names are given (e.g., Office of Admission, but • pool: Lund aquatic center admission office). The words “Office of . . .” precede • possessives: For singular proper names, if you would most formal names, but there are some exceptions pronounce the additional syllable in the possessive, among administrative areas (e.g., Career Center, form it by adding ’s: Aarsvold’s computer, Jones’s Department of Dining Service). typewriter. A note about possessives: “Proper” style • Ohio: Do not abbreviate. reserves the possessive for ownership by a person. Even • Okla.: abbreviation for Oklahoma though this rule is widely ignored (by us as well—we • Old Main frequently refer to Gustavus’s traditions, for example), • Olin Hall, F.W. Olin Hall for Physics, Mathematics, some grammarians still do not consider it proper and Computer Science (first ref.), mathematics and to use possessives such as “Gustavus’s president” computer science building, physics building or “Minnesota’s governor” (they prefer alternate • online (adjective or adverb): Note no hyphen (online constructions, like “the president of Gustavus,” or “the catalog, apply online). Minnesota governor”). For more information about • orchestras at Gustavus: the Gustavus Symphony this rule, see the section on possessives in Modern Orchestra, the Gustavus Philharmonic Orchestra, the American Usage, by Wilson Follett. Gustavus Wind Orchestra (formerly the Gustavus Band), the Vasa Wind Orchestra (formerly the Adolphus Band)
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• post office, campus post office, Office of Postal • quotation marks: Use double marks to 1) enclose Services (now part of Print and Mail Services) Q the exact words of a speaker; 2) set off a character or • postseason word when it represents itself rather than its usual • postsecondary meaning (e.g., The word “it’s” is frequently misused; • postgame Hester Prynne wore the letter “A” on her dress); or • Prairie View Hall 3) indicate titles of short stories, essays, and other • pre-professional and specialized programs: short works (e.g., one-act plays, magazine articles, actuarial science and songs). Single marks are used for quotes within architecture quotes (e.g., “Hester Prynne wore the letter ‘A’ on her arts administration dress”). church vocations • Quran or Qur’an (preferred over Koran) dentistry engineering law • Reading Break: informally, fall break materials science R • registrar’s office, Office of the Registrar medicine • religion department, Department of Religion ministry • religious titles: the Reverend Brian T. Johnson, or occupational therapy the Rev. Craig Johnson. (Note use of the word “the” optometry in the honorific; note also that some denominations pharmacy use or prefer other titles instead: “Sister,” “Father,” physical therapy “Elder,” “Pastor,” etc.—refer to the AP Stylebook.) teaching elementary • Renaissance: capped as a specific period in European teaching secondary history; otherwise, lowercased teaching college • Research, Scholarship, and Creativity Grants veterinary medicine • residence halls (preferred over “dormitories”) • pre-law • residential life, Office of Residential Life (not housing • pre-med, premedical (It’s not consistent, but office) apparently “premedical” is used commonly enough to • résumé (Note accent marks.) be accepted by Webster’s.) • retreat center, Gustavus Adolphus College Association • premier/premiere: “Premier” is an adjective (meaning of Congregations Retreat Center (formerly, the chief or foremost or, alternately, first) with a specific Sorensen House) noun use as the title of a government leader. • R.I.: abbreviation for Rhode Island “Premiere” is a verb, noun, or adjective referring to a • Roberts Rink, Don Roberts Ice Rink (first ref.), Lund first performance. Arena • pre-seminary: Avoid “pre-sem.” • rooms: Capitalize names when they are official room • Presidential Faculty-Student Collaboration Grants names (Scandinavian Room, Phi Beta Kappa Room, • Presidents Dining Room (note no apostrophe) Alumni Hall, etc.) but not when they are simply • President’s House locations or informal names (Nobel auditorium, library • Printing Services (now part of Print and Mail Services) conference room). However, when a room number is • professorships, named: Capitalize complete titles, listed with a building name, capitalize “Room” (e.g., even when printed alone or after the professor’s Olin Hall, Room 103). name: “William Freiert, the Dorothy Peterson, • Rouser , the Golden Gustie Rouser: athletics department Mildred Peterson Hanson and Arthur Jennings newsletter Hanson Professor in Liberal Studies.” (Some are so • rouser, “Gustie Rouser” (fight song) long that they’re going to be awkward regardless of • Rundquist Conference Room (in the Jackson Campus construction.) The conferred title “Distinguished Center) Professor of . . .” is considered to be a named • Rundstrom Hall professorship and therefore is also capitalized in all • Russian (minor); Russian studies (minor); Russian uses. (Refer to full list under “endowed chairs.”) and Eastern European studies (major); Department of • provost’s office, Office of the Provost, Office of the Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Vice President for Academic Affairs • Rydell Professor/Professorship, Drs. Robert E. and • psychology: major offered, but not minor Susan T. Rydell Professor/Professorship at Gustavus • psychology department, Department of Psychology Adolphus College (first ref.) • public affairs office, now “special events” and part of the Office of Marketing and Communication • publications office, now part of the Office of Marketing and Communication
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S • St. Lucia, Festival of • state names: spell out or use AP-standard abbreviations • S.C.: abbreviation for South Carolina in sentences; use two-letter postal abbreviation in • Scandinavian studies (major), Department of listings and addresses only (a ZIP code properly Scandinavian Studies includes a two-letter state code AND five or nine • Schaefer Fine Arts Center, Harold and Ruth Schaefer numbers). Set state off with commas when used with a Fine Arts Center (first ref.—note only one “f”), fine town or city in text. arts center; three divisions: -Music Wing, -Art Wing, • “Statement of Student Responsibilities” (document) -Communication Studies/Theatre Wing • “Statement of Student Rights” (document) • Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) • street, avenue, road, etc.: Abbreviations are • science hall, Alfred Nobel Hall of Science (first ref.), permissible; however, the unabbreviated form Nobel Hall of Science is appropriate in formal “display” usage such as • sculptor-in-residence invitations. • S.D.: abbreviation for South Dakota • student accounts, Office of Student Accounts • secondary education, Secondary Education program: • Student Activities Office (SAO) (See also: “Leadership not a major; licensure is recommended by the Center”) Department of Elementary and Secondary Education • student affairs office, Office of the Vice President for and the Office of the Registrar to the Minnesota Student Affairs, Office of the Dean of Students Board of Teaching upon completion of requirements • student-athlete (noun and adjective, to be consistent for each teaching major. with NCAA style) • second-semester courses, spring-semester courses • student conduct code: three documents—the • security, Campus Safety (not Security Department) “Statement of Student Rights,” the “Statement of • senior (referring to a fourth-year student) Student Responsibilities,” and “Student Judicial • senior class gift Procedures”—known collectively as Student Rights, • service-learning (hyphenated in all uses) Responsibilities, and Judicial Procedures • sexist language (See: “nonsexist language.”) • student employment (Avoid “work-study.”) • shop buildings • student handbook, Gustavus Guide • Sjostrom House • “Student Judicial Procedures” (document) • SMILE, Southern Minnesota Inter-Library Exchange • student newspaper, the Gustavian Weekly • Social Security • Student Organizations Suite (in the Jackson Campus • social science center, A.H. Anderson Social Science Center), also known as the Gustie Den Center (first ref.), Anderson Social Science Center • Student Senate • sociology department, Department of Sociology and • student teacher (noun), student-teaching (adj.) Anthropology • student union, O.J. Johnson Student Union (first ref.) • Sohre Hall • summer programs, Office of Summer Programs • sophomore • Summer Scoop, monthly summer newsletter • Sorensen Hall • Swanson Tennis Center, Lloyd O. Swanson Tennis • south mall (south of Christ Chapel, between Anderson Center (first ref.), indoor tennis facility (informally, the Social Science Center and Nobel Hall) tennis bubble) • Southwest Residence Hall • Swedish (language study, not a major), Department of • Spanish (major); Department of Modern Languages, Scandinavian Studies Literatures, and Cultures; Spanish department • Swedish House, Svenska Huset (razed after the 1998 (informally) tornado; known in the ’60s as the Holly House, • speech department: former name of communication although that name was subsequently applied to studies department another structure, now also razed), now part of the • sports information, Office of Sports Information Carlson International Center and officially named • Spring Break (both officially and informally!) Barbro Osher Svenska Huset • Spring Break work trips • Sr.: Do not use comma (Henry Benson Sr.). • Stafford Student Loan Program, Federal Stafford Student Loan Program (formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan Program), renamed the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) in 1992: But, see “Federal Direct Student Loan Program.” Gustavus used the Stafford Loan Program prior to 1994 and the Federal Direct Loan Program since.
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T • Teachers Talking (faculty forum) • titles, royal (Swedish): Proper form of address for the • telecommunications, Office of Telecommunications king or queen is His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf (part of the Core Services unit of Gustavus and Her Majesty Queen Sylvia. Swedish equivalents Technology Services) are HM (Hans Majestät) and HKH (Hans Kunglig • telephone numbers: Don’t enclose area code in Höghet): HM King Carl XVI Gustaf. (Note placement parentheses; use hyphens (preferred), periods, or of Roman numerals between names.) HRH (His or “slash and dash”: 507-933-7650, 507.933.7650, or Her Royal Highness) is properly used for addressing 507/933-7650. royals other than the king or queen (e.g., the prince • Tenn.: abbreviation for Tennessee and princesses). • tennis center: We have two, although the first is usually • Touring and Activity Period, touring week: the the one implied: 1) Swanson Tennis Center (and weeklong break following January Term Brown Outdoor Tennis Complex), Lloyd O. Swanson • toward (not towards) Tennis Center (first ref.), tennis bubble (informal); 2) • trustee(s), Gustavus Adolphus College Board of Gibbs Tennis Center, Karen Gibbs Tennis Center (first Trustees, board of trustees ref.). • Twinflower : newsletter of Friends of Linnaeus • 1009 House, Ten-O-Nine House Arboretum • Texas: Do not abbreviate. • that/which: “That” is a restrictive pronoun; it serves to identify the noun preceding it (e.g., “The lawn • Uhler Hall mower that is in the garage doesn’t work”—identifying U • United States (not abbreviated when a noun: “. . . one mower among implied others). “Which” is used came to the United States in 1956”), U.S. (adjective: with nonrestrictive clauses, which add information “. . . exchanged her U.S. currency”) rather than define or limit what has gone before and • UNIX are almost always set off with commas (e.g., “The lawn • upperclassmen: Replace with a gender-neutral term mower, which is in the garage, doesn’t work”—where such as “returning students” when practical. Consider, identification of a particular mower is not an issue). also, using “sophomores, juniors, and seniors,” when • theatre (“British” spelling used at Gustavus): Use this isn’t too wordy. Do not use “upper class students,” “theater” in generic use, but follow the particular as it can be misconstrued as a reference to social class. usage of other schools, troupes, or organizations. (The adjective “upperclass” has been suggested, but be • theatre (facility), Evan and Evelyn Anderson Theatre, aware that it is not yet officially accepted by the folks Anderson Theatre at Webster’s, although “upperclassmen” is!) • theatre department, Department of Theatre and • URL (Uniform Resource Locator): e.g., gustavus. Dance edu (If a conventional “www” address, “http://” • Third World (noun and adjective): “Developing and “www” may be dropped when referring to a nations” is preferred. College URL; if not, include the “http://”: http:// • TIAA-CREF retirement plan bookmark.gustavus.edu. Follow site conventions • ticket center, Gustavus Ticket Center (See also: for others.) Avoid using gac.edu. URLs may be “Information Center.”) boldfaced, italicized, or placed in angle brackets in • times of day: Use p.m. and a.m. (lowercase with running text to avoid confusion with other text or periods—small caps are permissible if available); using punctuation. :00 is not necessary. Use “en” dashes to indicate • username (computer user ID) inclusive times when used without words like “from” or • Utah: Do not abbreviate. “between” (use hyphen if “en” not available). “Noon” and “midnight” are lowercased and stand alone (i.e., not 12 noon): 8–10 p.m., 8:30 a.m.–noon; but, from • Va.: abbreviation for Virginia 8 to 10 p.m., between 8:30 a.m. and noon. V • varsity squad (in reference to intercollegiate athletics • Title [followed by Roman num.]: sections of the teams) Higher Education Act of 1965 (e.g., Title IX) • Vasa Wind Orchestra; formerly the Adolphus Band • titles (people): Capitalize official titles before names: • VAX, VAX mail Dean of Students JoNes VanHecke (“Dean” is also • vespers considered an official title), Associate Professor Jim • vice president Welsh. Lowercase (and note subtle differences in) • Vickner Hall, Edwin J. Vickner Hall of Language Arts occupational descriptions before names (geology (first ref.) professor Jim Welsh, department chair Jeanne • Vt.: abbreviation for Vermont Herman). Use lowercase for titles after names (JoNes VanHecke, dean of students) in text copy, although titles following names are often capitalized in display use (e.g., in programs, etc.).
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W • Wahlstrom Hall (razed in 2005) • x: used occasionally to denote former students who • Walker House X are non-graduates in alumni references (e.g., Dennis • Wallenberg Auditorium (all refs.; named for the Knut Paschke x73), although the current practice of and Alice Wallenberg Foundation), Nobel auditorium the Office of Alumni Relations is simply to list the (formerly Carl Edvard Johansson Auditorium) expected class year for all attendees • Wallenberg Lecture/Lectureship, Raoul Wallenberg Memorial Lecture/Lectureship (first ref.) • WAN: wide area network (computer network) • yearbook, the Gustavian • Wash.: abbreviation for Washington; state of Y • the Yellow Sheet, former name of weekly community Washington or Washington state, to distinguish from newsletter, now Inside Gustavus the city (not Washington State—that’s the name of a • Evelyn Young Dining Room university) • Gus Young Court, performance court, basketball • Washington, D.C. (Set D.C. off with commas when court using with Washington in a sentence.) • the Web (short for World Wide Web); but, website, webcast, webcam, webmaster Z • ZIP code (not zip code, Zip Code, or Zip code): It • which (See “that/which.”) properly includes two capital letters designating the • white (referring to race): “Black” is capitalized because state and five or nine digits; when abbreviating state it formally denotes a race; “white,” on the other hand, names in running text, use accepted AP abbreviations is more often used generically, i.e., to mean “not rather than the ZIP designations. Black,” “not Hispanic,” etc. • Wis.: abbreviation for Wisconsin • women’s studies: now gender, women, and sexuality studies (major and minor), Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies program (interdepartmental program) • Womyn’s Awareness Center • work-study: But “student employment” is preferred. • writer-in-residence • Writing Center • W.Va.: abbreviation for West Virginia • Wyo.: abbreviation for Wyoming
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Other references: The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage, First reference for spelling, style, usage, and Theodore M. Bernstein. New York: Atheneum, 1965. foreign geographic names: The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition, William Strunk Law 2011, revised and updated, 46th Edition, Darrell Jr. and E.B. White. Needham Heights, Mass.: Allyn & Christian, Sally Jacobsen, and David Minthorn, editors. Bacon, A Pearson Education Company, 2000. New York: Basic Books and Associated Press, 2011. Garner’s Modern American Usage, Third Edition, Bryan First reference for items not in the AP A. Garner. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Stylebook: Webster’s New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition. Guidelines for Inclusive Use of the English Language. New York: Macmillan USA, a Pearson Education Chicago: ELCA Commission for Communication, 1989. Macmillan Company, 1999. The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing, Second Edition, Second reference for spelling, style, and usage: Casey Miller and Kate Swift. New York: Lippincott, Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the 1988. English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1961. Modern American Usage: A Guide, Wilson Follett (edited and completed by Jacques Barzun). New York: Hill and Second reference for foreign geographic names: Wang, Division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966. National Geographic Atlas of the World, Ninth Edition. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2010 Talking about People: A Guide to Fair and Accurate (many name changes and revised spellings). Language, Rosalie Maggio. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1997. First reference for titling and general reference for style issues not covered by above references: Words into Type, Third Edition, Marjorie E. Skillin and The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition. Chicago: Robert M. Gay. New York: Prentice-Hall Press, Division University of Chicago Press, 2010. of Simon & Schuster Inc., 1974 (unfortunately out of print now). First reference for place names in the United States: The Yahoo! Style Guide: The Ultimate Sourcebook for National 5-Digit ZIP Code and Post Office Directory. Writing, Editing, and Creating Content for the Digital Washington, D.C.: U.S. Postal Service, updated yearly. World, Chris Barr, editor. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, a division of Macmillan, 2010. First reference for official names and spellings of corporations: Standard & Poor’s Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives (2 vol.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
First reference for musical compositions and composers: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition (29 vol.), Stanley Sadie and John Tyrell, editors. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
22 GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COLLEGE GUSTAVUS Style
NOTES
23 GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COLLEGE GUSTAVUS USAGE An Alphabetical Listing
NOTES
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Office of Marketing and Communication
800 West College Avenue St. Peter, MN 56082 1-800-GUSTAVUS 507-933-7520 [email protected] gustavus.edu