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Vcm Regional 2020 CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE, 2020 Preliminary considerations Progress and challenges The Continuum of Violence: Intrafamily y domestic violence Sexual Violence Disappearances Femicide Human Trafficking Other vulnerabilities Violence against Women Continuum of violence PRELIMINARY Violence against women is "any act or conduct, based This refers to an inertia and continuity of violence in the on gender, which causes death or physical, sexual or lives of women, in which there seems to be a continuum psychological harm or suffering to women, whether in in their histories where the norm and the constant is CONSIDERATIONS the public or the private sphere." violence directed toward them, always and everywhere. Concepts and analytical approach Source: Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication Source: UNDP and USAID, 2016. of Violence against Women. (Belém do Pará), 1994. Life Cycle Approach • Involuntary migration • School dropout • Involuntary return • Involuntary migration Context - • Food requirements • Involuntary migration • Involuntary displacement • Quality of employment • Absenteeism or neglect • Quality of employment • Remittances • Remittances based • Adolescent pregnancy • Monoparental households • Impunity for VAW incidents • Institutional trust: Police, Judges, Health, Educ. Institutional • Care through dedicated helplines • Impunity for VAW incidents Response • VAW protection mechanisms • Satisfaction with VAW response services Related Factors • Care through dedicated helplines • VAW protection mechanisms • Abuse of girls and adolescents • Obstetric violence • Threats • Sexual Abuse Increased • Sexual abuse of girls • Abuse of girls and adolescents • Trafficking • Intrafamily/domestic violence frequency • Domestic violence • Sexual Abuse • Suicide (femicidal suicide) • Threats of VAW • Threats • Intrafamily/domestic violence • Extortion • Suicide (femicidal suicide) • Trafficking • Intimate partner or ex-partner violence • Rape • Extortion incidents • Injury • Femicide or violent death • Rape • Abuse against 1 3 5 8 16 24 32 48 64 80 Age in years Early life-cycle, early childhood or early-learning Youth Adult Older women THE OBJECTIVE OF CITIZEN THE ISSUE MUST TAKE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IS SECURITY IS TO PROTECT PRIORITY ON THE SYSTEMIC AND IS IN VIOLATION OPTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES GOVERNMENTAL POLICY OF THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS The Continuum of Violence FOR PEOPLE AGENDA Against Women: a citizen security and human rights issue INCLUDE THE POSITION VIOLENCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AGAINST WOMEN AS A SPECIFICS OF VIOLENCE LIFELONG CONTINUUM AGAINST WOMEN IN THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Why is it urgent to generate It is the outcome of a system that is Exposure to a series of specific risks and There is urgent need for 1. 2. 3. robust evidence of Violence based on unequal power relations other forms of discrimination and social gender- sensitive indicators, in order between men and women (SDG 5). exclusion leads to high and multiple to characterize this situation, and against Women? vulnerability. design effectivepublic policies. PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES Legal framework, information management and victimization Legal Framework Timeline 1984 1990 1995 1996 1997 2000 Costa Rica. Approved Convention on Costa Rica. Law Promoting Costa Rica. • Inter-American Costa Rica. Contra la violencia doméstica Honduras. Law against Domestic Honduras. Law for equal opportunities the Elimination of All Forms of women's social equality Convention on the Prevention, El Salvador. Law against intrafamily Violence. for Women Discrimination against Women. Punishment and Eradication of violence. Dominican Republic. Code of Belize. • Criminal Code (Amendment) Act. Violence against Women. Guatemala. Law for the Prevention, Criminal Procedure, and the Code • Domestic Violence Act. Chapter 178. • Against Sexual Harassment in Punishment and Eradication of Family for the Protection of Children and Employment and Education. Violence. Adolescents. 2003 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 Dominican Republic. • Safe houses Guatemala. Amendment to Costa Rica. Penalizing the Belize. Protection Against Sexual Guatemala. Ley against the Sexual Dominican Republic. • New Constitution created for women, children and Article 194 of the Criminal Code violence against women. Harassment Act. Violence, Exploitation and Human of the Republic, condemns intrafamily and adolescents who are victims of on human trafficking. Belize. Domestic Violence Act. Costa Rica. Creation of the National Trafficking. gender-based violence. intrafamily or domestic violence. System for the attention and prevention • New Constitution of the Republic, • Law on illegal migrant smuggling of violence against women and domestic condemns intrafamily and gender-based and Human Trafficking violence. violence. Belize. Protection against sexual Guatemala. Law against Femicide and harassment Act. Chapter 107. Other Forms of Violence against Women. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 El Salvador. Special Comprehensive Costa Rica. Law to promote Guatemala. • Specialized Courts El Salvador. Special Law against Human Guatemala. Specialized El Salvador. Created Specialized Courts Law for a Life Free from Violence for public policies for for Femicide and other forms of Trafficking. Jurisdictional Courts authority for a Life Free from Violence and Women. comprehensive combat against violence against women in Guatemala. Specialized Courts for expanded. Discrimination for Women. Dominican Republic. Law for human trafficking. Escuintla and Izabal. Femicide and other forms of violence Honduras. Reform Organic budget Costa Rica. Law 9.406 on Improper access facilitating to justice for Honduras. Law against Human • Specialized Jurisdictional Courts against women in Quiché and Petén. law to include gender in general relations. women victims of violence. Trafficking. authority expanded in Honduras. • Reform to Penal Code article budget provisions. Honduras. Reform to Public Ministry Law Guatemala. Specialized Courts Guatemala. 118-A on the offense of femicide. article 44-A creating Violent Deaths of for Femicide and other forms of Honduras. Law typifying • Second National Plan against Violence Women and Feminicide Investigation Unit. violence against women in Alta femicide against women 2014-2022. Verapaz and Huehuetenango. 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016-2020 2021 El Salvador. Statutory prohibition El Salvador. Created the Dominican Republic. Costa Rica. Law 9.877 Law Against Street Guatemala. Special Courts for Costa Rica. Approved at second of Child Marriage. National Office for Women, Gender Equality and Equity Sexual Harassment (life and travel free of Femicide and other forms of discussion of file 21.793 to amend Law Belize. National Gender- based Children, Adolescents, LGBTI 2020– 2030 (PLANEG III). sexual harassment). violence against women in the rest Penalizing VAW. Violence Plan of Action. Population and other groups in Belize. Cybercrime Act. of the departments. conditions of vulnerability at the El Salvador. Creation of Second Courts FGR. of Instruction in San Salvador and Cojutepeque. Honduras. New 2020 Criminal Code of Honduras becomes effective. 1. Notable progress made in obtaining 2. El Salvador, Guatemala and Costa 3. Countries have progressed in typifying Progress in generating data statistical data and basic disaggregation Rica have comprehensive laws to the crime of femicide/feminicide, in the for measuring and exposing such as sex and age, although there are address violence against women, region, Belize is the only country that has not challenges in having gender-based prevention, sanction and eradication. taken this step. violence against women disaggregated variables. Brechas de información importantes para medir y visibilizar la violencia contra las mujeres a lo largo del ciclo de vida 1. The definitions of 2. Data statistical 3. Limited gathering 4. Data are 5. The IT systems, 6. Low level of 7. Lack of 8. Restrictions to the the offenses differ in data within and of gender-based is non-existent or limited for where they exist, run integration relevant data traceability leads to the each country, between variables, limiting certain offenses and/or into the additional issue between the for assessing unavailability of precise a particular challenge countries are not understanding of the exhibits inconsistencies, of confidential data criminal justice institution indicators on impunity in measuring comparable. phenomena and how observations “Not available” about persons under institutions (not performance. and imprecise indicators femicide/feminicide. to address them. in addition to delays in protection, and at times functioning as a about annual flow. availability of the under threat. system). information. Data corresponding to violence Variables available for crime of Homicide by country Variables available for crime of Femicide/feminicide by country actually experienced by women are Costa Dominican Dominican persistently underrepresented. El Salvador Guatemala Rica Republic Belize Honduras El Salvador Guatemala Costa Rica Republic Weapon/method Weapon/method An example of the differences in available disaggregation is that of homicide, where Age of victim Age of victim 44 variables are available, whereas this Time of event Time of event drops to 18 when typifying the offense of Place of occurrence Place of occurrence femicide/feminicide. Month Month There are fewer countries with data and Municipality Municipality the variables that
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