El salvador 4k wikipedia Continue Country in Central America This article is about a country in Central America. For other purposes, see El Salvador (disambiguation). Coordinates: 13'41'N 89'11'W / 13.683'N 89.183'W / 13.683; -89.183 Republic SalvadorRepublic de Salvador (Spanish) Flag Herb Motto: Dios, Union, Libertad (Spanish)English: God, Union, LibertyGymn: Himno Nacional de Salvador (English: National Anthem of El Salvador) Capital And largest citySan Salvador13'41'56N 89'11'29W / 13.69889-N 89.19139'W / 13.69889; -89.19139Official languagesSpanishEthnic groups 86.3% Mestizo (mixed White and Indigenous)12.7% White1.23% Indigenous0.13% Black0.64% Other[1]Religion (2017)[2]84.1% Christianity—44.9% Roman Catholic—37.1% Protestant—2.1% Other Christian15.2% No religion0.7% Other religionsDemonym(s)Salvadorian, Salvadorean, SalvadoranGovernmentUnitary presidential constitutional republic• President Nayib Bukele• Vice President Félix Ulloa LegislatureLegislative AssemblyIndependence• Declared from Spain 15 September 1821• Declared from theFederal Republicof Central America 12 June 1824• International recognition[3] 18 February 1841 Area • Total21,041 km2 (8,124 sq mi) (148th)• Water (%)1.5Population• 2018 estimate6,420,746[4][5] (109th)• Density303.1/km2 (785.0/sq mi) (47th)GDP (PPP)2018 estimate• Total$53.667 billion[6] (101st)• Per capita$8,388[6] (111th)GDP (nominal)2018 estimate• Total$25.855 billion[6] (102nd)• Per capita$4,041[6] (111th)Gini (2016) 40.6[7]mediumHDI (2018) 0.667[8]medium · 121thCurrencyUnited States dollara (USD)Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)Driving siderightCalling code+503bISO 3166 codeSVInternet TLD.sv The United States dollar is the currency in use. Финансовая информация может быть выражена в долларах США и in the Salvadoran column, but the colon from circulation. Telephone companies (market share): Tigo (45%), Claro (25%), Movistar (24%), Digicel (5.5%), Red (0.5 ɛl ˈsælvədɔːr%). Spanish: el salβaˈðoɾ (listen) is officially the Republic of El Salvador (Spanish: Republic of El Salvador, literally Republic of the Savior) is the smallest and most populous country in Central America. For millennia, the region was controlled by several Mesoamerican peoples, especially Lenka, maya, and then cuzcatlecs. Archaeological sites also suggest the early presence of olmek around the first millennium BC. In the early 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered Central American territory, it in Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City. However, the Viceroy of Mexico had little influence on the day-to-day affairs of the isthmus, which was colonized in 1524. In 1609, the area was declared a captain general of Guatemala by the Spaniards, which included the territory that would become El Salvador before its independence from Spain in 1821. It was forcibly incorporated into the First Mexican Empire and then separated, joning the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823. When the republic disintegrated in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign state and then formed a short-lived alliance with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Great Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898. From the late 19th to the middle of the 20th century, El Salvador experienced chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, uprisings and a succession of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socio-economic inequality and civil unrest led to el Salvador's devastating civil war from 1979 to 1992, in which clashes broke out between a military-led Government and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords. As a result of the negotiations, a multi-party constitutional republic was created, which remains in force to this day. El Salvador's economy has historically dominated agriculture, starting with the Spanish take control of the indigenous cocoa crop in the 16th century, with production concentrated in Izalco, and the use of balm from the la Libert and Ahuachapan ranges. This was followed by a boom in the use of the indigo plant (assil in Spanish) in the 19th century, mainly for its use as a dye. Since then, the focus has shifted to coffee, which accounts for 90 per cent of export earnings by the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, El Salvador has reduced its dependence on coffee and began to diversify its economy, opening trade and financial ties and expanding the manufacturing sector. Colon, the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the US dollar in 2001. El Salvador ranks 14th among Latin American countries in the Human Development Index and third in Central America (after Panama and Costa Rica) partly because of the continued rapid industrialization. However, the country continues to struggle with high levels of poverty, inequality and gang-related violent crime. The etymology of Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado named a new province in honor of Jesus Christ - San Salvador (Lit. Holy Savior). The name of the territory, including the province of San Miguel, was later extended to the provincia de Nuestro Senor Jesus Cristo, Salvador Del Mundo (lit. Province of our Lord Jesus Christ, Savior of the World), shortened to the Republic of El Salvador, or El Salvador, during the post-federal republic, and like El Salvador. Story Home article: The Story of El Salvador This section needs additional quotes to verify. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. Find sources: El Salvador - news newspaper book scientist JSTOR (September 2018) (Learn how and when to delete this template message) Prehistoric megateria excavation site Tomayate Apopa. Skull fossils of an ancient horse in the Totayat site of Apopa. Tomiate is a paleontological site located on the riverbank of the same name in the municipality of Apopa. The site was home to abundant Salvadoran megafauna fossils belonging to the Pleistocene. The paleontological site was discovered by accident in 2000, and the following year excavations by the Natural History Museum of El Salvador found several remnants of Cuvieronia and 18 other species of vertebrates, including giant turtles, megateries, glyptodon, toxodon, extinct horses, paleolam. The site stands out from most Central American Pleistocene deposits, being more ancient and much richer, which provides valuable information about the Great American Junction, in which the Central American isthmus of the land bridge is of paramount importance. At the same time, it is considered the richest vertebrate site in Central America and one of the largest clusters of trunks in America. Pre-Columbian Temascal in Joya de Seren. The sophisticated civilization in El Salvador dates back to its resettlement of indigenous people by the lenca; their civilization was the first and oldest local civilization to settle there. They were an alliance of Central American tribes that controlled most of the isthmus from southern Guatemala to northern Panama, which they called Managuara. The lens of eastern El Salvador traces its origins from concrete caves with ancient pictograms dating back to at least 600 AD, and some sources say as far back as 7000 BC there was also the presence of Olmecs, although their role is unclear. Their influence is still recorded in the form of stone monuments and artifacts preserved in western El Salvador, as well as a national museum. The Mayan population settled there during the formative period, but their number decreased significantly when the eruption of the supervolcano Ilopango caused a mass exodus. Centuries later, the occupiers of the area were displaced by the Nahua-speaking Pipa, who migrated from Anauac around 800 AD and occupied the central and western parts of El Salvador. Nahua Pipil was the last indigenous people to come to El Salvador. They named their kuskatan territory, the word Nawat, meaning Place of Precious Jewels, back formed in the Classic Naouatl Kyouatlan, and Hispanic as Kukcatlan. It was the largest domain in the up to European contact. The term Cuzcatleco is commonly used to identify someone of Salvadoran heritage, although most of the eastern population has the indigenous heritage of Lenka's origin, as well as their names such as Intipuca, Chirilagua, and Lolotique. Most archaeological sites in western El Salvador, such as Lago de Gija and Joya de Seren, point to the pre-Columbian Mayan culture. Cihuatan shows signs of material trade with the northern culture of Nahua, the Eastern Mayan and Lenca culture, and the southern Nicaraguan and costa Rican indigenous culture. The smaller structure of the B1-2 Tazukala shows the style of talud-tablero architecture that is associated with Nahua culture and corresponds to their migration history from Anauak. In eastern El Salvador, Lenka's place in Kelep is singled out as a major pre-Columbian cultural centre and demonstrates links to the Maya Copan site in western Honduras, as well as to previously mentioned locations in Chapuapa and Kara-Sucia in western El Salvador. The investigation, conducted at la Laguna in Usulutan, also involved The Copador, which links it to the Lenka Maya trade route. European arrivals (1522) By 1521 the indigenous population of the Mesoamerican region had been drastically reduced as a result of the smallpox epidemic that was spreading throughout the territory, although it had not yet reached the pandemic level in Cuzcatl'n or northern Managuara. The first known visit of the Spaniards to the territory of El Salvador was made by Admiral Andres Nino, who led an expedition to Central America. He landed in Fonseca Bay on May 31, 1522, on the island of Meanguera, calling him Petronil, and then crossed into the Gulf of Jikilisco at the mouth of the Lempa River. The first indigenous peoples to contact the Spaniards were the sloth of eastern El Salvador. Conquest Cuzcatl'n and Managuara Home article: Spanish conquest of Salvador Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado. In 1524, after participating in the conquest of the Aztec Empire, Pedro de Alvarado, his brother Gonzalo, and their men crossed Rio Paz south into Cuzcatlec territory.