SOUTH ERN nAFRI A A Monthly Survey of News an o n

Published by the Southern fr ca Co e-L 637 West 125th Street - ew York, N. Y. UbUra ry Vol. III, No. 6 July-August IR7%

CONTENTS PA 1. Editorial: "One S 11 Step Forward: Two G nt Steps Bac 2 2. Feature Article: S 0QWINE 3 3. INSIDE SOUTH AFRICA The Case of the Twenty-Two 6 Protest Around the Trial 7 Zulu Territorial Authority Established 7 Transkei Demands More Land 8 Nuclear Know-How 9 South African Films 9 Urban Bantu Council Powerless 9 U.S. Official Kidnapped 9 4. INSIDE RHODESIA: A Summary of New§ and Events 10 5. NAMIBIA 11 More U.N. Deliberations 11 Sam Nujoma's Testimony at the U.N. 12 Hosea Kutako Dead 13 6. SOUTH AFRICA'S NEIGHBORS 13 Lesotho: British Recognition and Resumed Aid 13 Botswana: Entangled by world capitalism 14 Botswana: Relations with South Africa 14 Malawi: A policy of political realism? 15 7. PORTUGAL AND THE PORTUGUESE COLONIES 16 South African Troops in Angola 16 Benguela Railway Dispute 16 PAIGC Advances in Guinea-Bissau 17 U.S. Link With Cabora Bassa??? 17 CONTENTS PAGE (Portugal and Portuguese Colonies, Continued) Rogers Visits Madrid, Lisbon, for Bases Talks 19 Interview with Marcelino dos Santos 19 More Attacks in Angola 19 Portugal's Gratitude 20 Portugues6 Upset: Pope Gives Audience to Liberation Leaders 20 More Withdrawals from Cabora Bassa 20 Portuguese Losses Admitted 20 Schools Bombed in Guinea-Bissau 20 Atomic Energy in Southern Africa 21 Liberation Movements Supported at World Food Congress 21 Bombs Discovered at Portuguese, South African Offices 22 Other Guerrilla §uccesses 22 8. British Resumption of Arms Sales to South Africa: Background and Implications 22 9. International Conference in Support of the Peoples of the Portuguese Colonies: A Report 25 10. Book Review: "Africa: This New Dialogue" (U.S. Department of State) Student Protests 12. Sport

13, Percy Sledge Sells "Soul" to South Africa 14. Major'Papers Run Series on Southern Africa: Liberation Struggle Often Ignored 15. Anti-Corporate Actions: A British Assessment 16. U. S. Ambassador's Appointment Decried

EDITORIAL "One Small Step Forward: Two Giant Steps Backward"

For the first time, the United Nations has held a World Youth Confer Ience and has invited for participation some representatives from the liberatory movements of Southern Africa. These-delegates were asked on several occasions to interpret the implications of two recent events in iope: the reception and blessing of representatives from the liberatory movements of the Portuguese colonies by the Pope in Rome recently, and the news that the new conservative government in Britain will-soon cancel the Labor government's ban on arms sales to South'Africa. The former was heralded as an important event, representing as it did a rather revolutionary stance for the Roman church leader. Mr. Antonio Condesse of the MPILA (Angolan Popular -Movement for Liberation) stated that it is not expected that the Pope will take any further steps in this matter, but-that his reception and blessing themselves were quite impor tant in their implications to all the Catholic world--especially the Portuguese part. One small step forward, -3-

But comments regarding Britain's move towards selling arms to South Youth Africa are not so positive. Many young Africans at the U.N. Africa a, Assembly have interpreted it as both a direct insult to black a whole, and as a tremendous demoralizing effect on the United Nations on ai itself. Britain's seeming lack of concern about the U.N. embargo sales to South Africa represents a lack of respect for that body which becoming increasingly great on the part of many of its members. To many Africans, Britain's move is interpreted as forming a strong the alliance with the white racist regimes of Southern Africa against and desires for freedom and self-determination, but people's movements Nation. it also represents a major erosion of their faith in the United move The lip service given to maintenance of peace and security by the being is undone by the inevitability it places on a violent revolution the only way out of the situation for the Africans. Two giant steps backward. t] What the Western world cannot see is that it is WE who are taking a: giant steps backward, and the movements for liberation in Africa who taking the small steps forward.

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economic preferences brought feature article : about the realization by the SOUTH AFRICA'S South African government that it would have to do some intensive PROPAGANDA face-lifting if it were to counter act its image as the world's pole MACHINE cat and again attract foreign in country. Ten years ago, South Africa's foreign vestment capital into the the years, a skill policy and image-building attempts over Slowly, over seas were crude and unsophisticated. ful, well-planned and massively has then External Affairs Minis financed propaganda program Eric Louw, must be ter, was a dogmatic white supremacist been developed which, it who hurled racist epithets from the admitted, has performed wonders. platforms of the United Nations, to the South Africa has never been strote delight of his fellow Nationalists at economically and militarily, power home. ful friends speak for her in all Then came Sharpeville--a diplomatic parts of the western world, despit disaster of massive proportions for the her continued and intensified re South African government--followed, a pression of the majority of her year later, by South Africa's virtual people. expulsion from the British Commonwealth. Dr. Louw's boorish foreign polic, The economic crisis created by the flood has given way to the quiet and soph. of money out of the country following isticated approach of Hildgard Sharpeville and the loss of Commonwealth Muller, an Oxford-educated, modern -4-

day diplomat. Exhaustive and de increasingly tailed memoranda flow from Dr. Mul sophisticated films depicting 'the truth about South ler's office as attempted rebuffs to Africa.' Many of these local pro attacks on apartheid. Muller travels minents are seduced into making constantly through all the capitals of expense paid, brainwashing the Western trips to world, building bridges, South Africa. Occasionally, avoiding confrontations they with demon are accompanied by strators, right-wingers of stressing South Africa's national prominence supposedly such as Senators strategic role in the In Ellender and Eastland. Naturally, dian Ocean, apparent contribution to almost without exception, the these fight against communism, and un visitors return as ardent defenders limited opportunities for foreign in of the apartheid faith. vestment. In its diplomatic offensive, the Since Dr. Louw's demise, South Af South African government has powerful rica has launched a propaganda on allies of which two must be mentioned: slaught using many different approach the South African Foundation and the es. In the mid-60's, Radio South Af Africa Institute. rica began broadcasting in many dif The Foundation exists ferent languages to promote to all corners of South Africa's good name overseas, the globe. Nightly on the 25 meter counteract band, so-called unjust attacks, it preaches its low-key racism and as to an avenue for the attraction North America, interspersed with of foreign investments. music and chatty South African Headed by anec an overt and aging racist, Sir Francis dotes. de Guingand, it is supported Over the years, too, South Africa's by South Africa's top businessmen, Nationalists propaganda publications have become and more non-Nationalists alike. Anton elaborate in format and, more Rupert, skillful in content. Tom Muller and Harry Oppen Three such maga heimer are only three zines circulate in of the tycoons the U.S.: South who donate liberally to African Panorama (published the Founda by the tion's coffers. With this enormous Government Department of Information, budget, the Foundation Pretoria); zealously Report from South Africa defends apartheid. With offices in (published by the Department of In many different parts formation of the world, the in the South African Embassy head of the American office in London); and is a 'real South African Scope catch' for the Nationalists. .He is (published by the Informtion section John Chettle, one of the of South Africa's rapidly pro embassy in Washing liferating breed of well-educated, ton.) All employ the same approach: English-speaking pragmatic'intellec glossy photographs of South Africa's tuals who believe apartheid offers scenic and wild-life attractions, the possibility of a'liberal solution happy, smiling black faces enjoying to South Africa's racial problems. *the physical comforts provided by Educated at one of South Africa's their ever-loving white benefactors, elite high schools, Hilton College, and page after page devoted to the Chettle has a B.A. wonders from Natal Univer of the South African economy. sity where he was President of the In this country, South Africa's Student Body, diplomatic a law degree from Wit apologists slink from town watersrand University to town, and an M.A. from avoiding publicity and col Oxford, where he was a Rhodes lege campuses, scholar. seeking out newspaper Returning to SouthAfrica, he editors, local radio and TV bosses, joined Kiwanis, Harry Oppenheimer's Anglo-American Rotary and other such clubs, Company, one lugging with them a growing number of of the world's largest corporations. From well over 150 tation of the Department of Info tion or the South African Foundat Reportedly in South Africa at moment, as visiting Professors at University of Cape Town's Busines& School, are Professors Brink of C bia University, Basil of theUniv of South Carolina, Corbin of New University and Westfall of Northw while attending a conference on w, population growth in Johannesburg American professors Munger of Cal Organski and Spengler of Duke, jo other academics from Britain, Jap Australia, Holland, Chile and Isr, In June, the Foreign editor of Science, the official journal of 1 American Association for the Adva ment of Science, Daniel Greenberg visited South Africa, while earli, this year, the Travel Editor of t] applications, Chettle was selected to New York Post, Richard Joseph, wai conduct South Africa's image-building South Africa which he found great offensive in the U.S. Recently he to his taste: "'If this is Darkes -appeared on NBC's Today Show, where Africa, then somebody sure must h4 iis smiling reasonableness and neat put on the light." ifactual distortions must have won South A recent edition of South Afri, Africa many converts. Digest, a government publication i The Africa Institute is a branch of employs a Time-like format for pro ithe South African Academy of Arts and gandizing South Africa's achievem, !Sciences, operating in cooperation reported on the success of the la -with the University of South Africa. government-made film -- "The Peac, 't strongly supports separate develop- Game", about South Africa's wild ment while conducting research on reserves. This film won the 'Blu 'Southern Africa, the fruits of which Ribbon' at the American Film Fest it publishes in its magazine, Bulletin. in New York and a 'Golden Camera' This core of Afrikaner intellectuals at the U.S. Industrial Film Festi' in the Institute clearly belong to the in Chicago. (South African Digest 'verligte' camp of the Nationalist 6/12/70) :Party, and have provided much of the This is evidence of the increa! Impetus for South Africa's imperial finesse of South Africa's propagai penetration of neighboring and nearby films--a fact mentioned earlier. African States. The April 24 edition of the So Much of this propaganda offensive African Digest devoted two full p4 has focused on the U.S. Some $900 to the expanding cooperation betwi million worth of American capital is South Africa and NASA through NASi Invested in South Africa and the figure tracking stations near Johannesbu: grows annually. The ties between the No black American has ever been so U.S. and South Africa grow closer each by NASA to these tracking stationi year, while increasing numbers of Amer- which have brought South Africa ii icans,, from all walks of life, visit intimate contact with the U.S. Spi South Africa, often either at the invi- Program, membership of the Intern4 Committee on Space Research and much In addition to the clear evidence ammunition for its propaganda machine of,brutal treatment while in prison, In brief, and only in part, does including long periods of solitary this article detail the propaganda confinement, long days of interroga activities of the South African gov tion, and-threats to family, the case ernment and its affiliates. Against raises many questions about the state ,this, the opponents of the loathsome of Justice in South Africa. *apartheid regime in South Africa have Mr. Ramotse was detained in July, but one weapon and one which no 1968. He was not one of the original amount of effort can overcome, and 22. On June 18, when he appeared that is truth, the real facts of the with the other 19, he had no lawyer inhuman oppression of the majority as he had not been informed prior to of South Africans. his coming to court that he would be appearing. He asked that Mr. Joel Carlson, lawyer for the other 19, be INSIDE SOUTH AFRICA his lawyer as well. A short adjourn ment was allowed for Carlson and The Case of the Twenty-Two Ramotse to consult. What is frighten The events around the detention ing is that no one knew he was even and trial of 22 Africans are cause in prison. Yet he had been in prison for major concern and justify a re for 702 days. (Jo'burg KanZ Daily view of the case: mail, 6/19/70) July 16. 1968: Benjamin Sello The Star of 5/30/70 reported that Ramotse taken into custody. some 40-persons were detained during * May, 1969: Police raids all over the May 1969 police raids. Only 22 he country and some 40 persons de of those people have come to trial. tained. What has happened to the others? October, 1969: 22 persons charged Three of the original 22 have been under the Suppression of Communism released. For several weeks their Act for being members or furthering whereabouts were unknown. The head the aims of the African National of the Security Police, Brig. P. J. Congress. Venter, said that they had been offi Dec. 1, 1969: The trial begins. cially released and that it was none * Feb. 16, 1970: The charges under of his business if the men failed to the Suppression of\Communism Act return home. At the same time, Mr. dropped. Carlson was informed by the prosecu Feb. 16, 1970: the 22 immediately tion that the three would be State redetained under the Terrorism Act of 1967. Ju1e 11, 1970: Manco Paulus Mat shaba released from detention. June 18, 1970: Victor Ammanuel #azitulela and Livingstone Mancoko released from detention. June 18, 1970: 20 detainees ap pear for formal remand for a sum mary Supreme Court Trial under the Terrorism Act, Mr. Ramotse. is one of them and it is the first time he has been brought to public atten tion. The twenty are remanded until Aug. 3, 1970. -7-

Witnesses in the coming trial of the given and then resumed when it 19. not forthcoming. (Rand Daily Ma Then two weeks after the date of 6/12/70) his official release, Mr. Matshaba A protest meeting was held i emerged from Weskoppies Mental Hos Johannesburg in May, calling Pr pital where he said he had been for Minister Vorster to bring all d 44 days. He was driven home by the tainees under aribtrary detenti police and was, described as "confused." to immediate trial or free them He had been held in solitary confinement The particular focus was of cou and that was blamed for his confusion on the 22. (Star, 5/30/70) by the hospital authorities. However, On July 15, 1970 thirty pers it is not known who committed him to will appear in court following the hospital, as the police say they their arrest during a protest m didn't. And it was not known if the May 18. Some 350 people, mostl Prosecution knew of his "confusion" students, staged the march. Th when they announced that he would be of them are charged as follows: a States witness. (Star, 6/27/70; the Riotous Assembly Act of, pr Rand Daily Mail 6/24770) ing a prohibited gathering in p On June 18, Mr. Mazitulela was re test against Section 6 of the T leased. He says that he had purpose ism Act; A breach of the Crimin fully stayed out of the public eye. Law Amendment Act in that they He also said that nothing had been others to commit offences in or said tohim by anyone about giving to protest against a law; A bre evidence in any trial. a municipal by-law for failing The third man released, Mr. Man follow the route approved by th coko's whereabouts are still unknown. City Council at the time when p (Hand Daily Mail, 6/26/70) mission was granted for the pro What these events show very clearly sion. (Star, 7/4/70) is that trial or no trial, guilty or (For a more detailed account not guilty, the detainees have their to the United Nations, Unit on freedoi only at the pleasure of the Apartheid, Department of Politi, police. Ramotse was in jail for 702 and Security Council Affairs fo: days and no one knew it. As the Rand their Notes and Documents, No. Daily Mail editorialized: "This is hor May, 1970--"South Africa's 'Ter: ifying. The very idea of people Act'".) vanishing for years without the public knowing anything about it is something ZULU TERRITORIAL AUTHORITY ESTA one associates only with the worst of (See May-June 1970 issue of thi the totalitarian police states. Yet newsletter for background.) now it has happened in South Africa. A long-standing opponent of .And immediately one is impelled to ask heid and friend of leaders in t the question; How many more cases like disbanded Liberal Party, and tb this are there? It is a question the Progressive Party has agreed tc Minister of Police should answer forth ticipate in the system and allc with." (Rand Daily Mail, 6/19/70) himself to be chairman of the 2 Territorial Authority. He is C PROTEST AROUND THE TRIAL Gatsha Buthelezi. Not all of South Africa has been Buthelezi describes himself blind to what is happening. The tra "a law-abiding citizen of Soutb ditional protestors have been active. rica." He was expelled from Fc The Black Sash held silent vigils for Hare College in 1950 for partic the 22. They stopped when a promise ing in a political demonstratic of a speedy resolution to the case was later completed his Arts Degree the University of Natal. From 1953 Paramount Chief Poto and Mr.' Know until the present, he has held a po ledge Guzana from gaining control sition of leadership in his tribe. of the Transkei Assembly after it had (Rand Daily Mail, 6/19/70) won most of the seats. And One suspects even that Buthelezi has more extraordinary steps were taken agreed to be a part of the Zulu to prevent the Bantustan Coloured Labour Party because he sees no other. from gaining control of options. His options the Coloured in this posi Persons' Representative Council tion are very limited. There are only last year. about as many Zulus in South Africa as "Yet now the Government has per there are whites. The Zulu "home mitted land" consists the election of Chief Buthe of 200 unconsolidated lezi, potentiallyby pieces of land. It covers far the most 37 million potent Non-White political acres of beautiful but figure in poor ground. the country. It has done This is,not a viable homeland, so not and from choice, but because Chief Buthelezi is demanding more land. It must Buthelezi's stature is such that be remembered that the whites of without South him there could be no Zulu Africa control 87% of the land. stan. The coming In addition tussle between them to more land, Buthelezi is going to be worth is demanding-free and watching. Its compulsory edu implications for South Africa cation and that the language of in could be profound." (Rand Daily Mail, struction Le English. (Present South 6/13/70) oAfrican law demands that secondary schools must be taught in English, TRANSKEI DEMANDS MORE LAND Afrikaans and the appropriate Bantu languages--a The South African Goverment has third of the subjects in warned that each. "continued territorial The result is that students claims could sour relations are prevented from between learning any the Transkei and South Africa." language well.,) None theless, the Transkei Government has Another major concern is the lack called for the inclusion of of six white jobs in Zululand. The area is full districts into the Transkei. and more and more The Zulus, particularly Transkei is only seeking to reclaim those the Government calls "super land taken fluous"--the by force by whites. An aged, the unfit, widows, 1885 map shows and women with dependent the land as belonging children--are to the Transkeians. (Star, being sent "home" from the cities. 5/2/70) There is no place for them and malnu trition is an increasing problem. (New York Times, 7/13/70) Many in South Africa feel that Bu thelezi is a man the South African Government will have to take seriously. He is doing that in reverse--calling the Government to fulfill the promises it has made. In the past the Govern ment has gone to great lengths to pre-, vent Africans and Coloureds with views similar to those of Buthelezi from taking power. As the Rand Daily Mail says: "Tremendous pressures were exer ted to prevent the Democratic Party of -9-

NUCLEAR KNOW-HOW this .route, .the problems of an indi South Africa has the technologicil vidual are' to be handled. The UBC know-h w and resources to produce a has no "power to help the people of nuclear-weapons system, according to theurban areas. (Star, 5/39/70) a senior South African nuclear scien tist. The scientist who did not want UNITED, STATES OFFICIAL KIDNAPPED publicity for professional reasons, -Lieut.-Col. Walter Limbach, the said he believed that the likelihood Assistant Naval Attache' on the staff of South Africa undertaking such a of the U.S. Consulate-General in project was very small, primarily be Cape Town, was kidnapped May 8. He cause of the enormous cost involved. returned ,iay 9, and reported to the (Jo'bur g Star, 5/23/70) police. Limbach is a fighter pilot, a veteran of the Vietnam War and of SOUTH AFRICAN FILMS the 1962 Cuban Missils Crisis. (Star, South African films have been -de 5/9/70) clared "of acceptable international. The South African police are in standards" for world-wide distribu vestigating the affair, but aside tion, by both.20th Century Fox and from the information that Limbach Columbia films. Th could lead to returned safety, they are not giving more South African films being shown out anything further (Star, :5/16/70). in the U.S. and elsewhere. (Star, New light was shed on the case when 6/6170) the Cape Argus received Limbach' S; identity card in the mail. A note was URBAN BANTU COUNCIL POWERLESS attached which stated it was from the The Urban Bantu.Council (UBC) of kindapper, The note read: "You hypo JohannesbUrg has been forbidden by critical fools, You have a perfect the Department of Bantu Administration ecuse to crusade against -the :continued to handle the cases of individual Af detention of the Africans. Thank' ',o ricans caught in the influx control for the Few of NUSAS. By the tine you laws. Many Africans find themselves in have this we will be back .to Blighty' difficulty because of the complex laws (England) and your comic South.I Afic,. governing their right to move about. Police -cau return to peeping in win The UBC wanted its members to act as dows for immorality. t (Star,' 5/30 ,7) counselors. The Government has said -Limbach left South Africa the first no, that the UBC is to deal exclusive week "of"Junefor Washington. He will ly with municipal affairs and that the return if. he:.is neede? to give evi UBC can only act as a body and its in dence, according to a senior police dividual members are. not legally com spokesman.' He-will be assigned to a petent to act for an individual member-, iew post, however, and will not re of the public. turn to South Africa for regular duty. The result is an incredibly compli (star, 6/6/70) cated mess. An individual, for example a woman separated from her children by influx control, has to appeal to her tribal Territorial Authority to get her family back together. The Territorial Authority then tells the tribal Commis sioner General of the matter. The Com 'missioner General irfDrms the Minister of Bantu Affairs who informs the Sec retary for Bantu Administration who then tells the Johannesburg Bantu Affairs Commissioner what action to take. By -10 on the Council has been increase 24 to 32 members, and will in fui include 9 Rhodesian Government r, A resentatives. Prof. 1Robert Craig principal of the University calli Apolice to the campus to break up peaceful, non-violent pickets of 14 lecture rooms and disruption of i a lectures by chanting and singing A cording to Sapa, a police spokest A '~denied that dogs were unleashed i * disperse the students. (Rand Dai' sow%, 1 6/17/70) WIC211 . C oA -- The Rhodesian Information Offi £_. in the U.S. has disclosed that Ut C dehas been embarrassed by i ~ imposition of sanctions against I g~desia. Chairman of the Company, Birney Mason, Jr., told stockholc LSN at a recent annual meeting that t sanctions had forced the company buy most of its chrome from the c Union, and has prevented the comf from getting chrome from its own in Rhodesia, reportedly already F *for and waiting shipment at the t the sanctions were applied. INS IDE RHODESIA The Rhodesian Information reported that the consequent inct -A Summar of News nd Evprice of chrome (up from $35 to A Summary of News and Events had drawn fire from editorials ir Rhodesia's four-and-a-half-year-old newspapers, specifically the Leba state of emergency will continue for a- (Penna.).News and the Woburn (Mas nother year until June 26, 1971. The Times. The Times editorialized: Minister of Law and Order (sic.), Mr. --'T-t is time to stop this nonsE Gardner-Burke, stated in the Assembly on about no trade with Rhodesia.. June 11 that Rhodesia had not seen the is seriously hurting the black last of so-called terrorist infiltration, there by destroying their care The new Parliament divided on cleancut positions in engineering andj racial lines when all the African M.P.'s in mining and smeltingchrome. voted against the notion to exteni the (Rhodesian Viewpoint, 5/14/70) state of emergency. The vote was 43 to Well, whatdo you expect from the 15. (RandDaily Mail, 6/12/70). The Eastern snobs? vote of the African representatives Inside Rhodesia, Mr. Clifford should come as a "profound disappointmentPresident of Rhodesia, opened the to the Secretary of Internal Affairs, who said in April that' he hoped the "tribal country's first Republican Parlia representatives would act as the voice ofon May 29 with a sombre warning. the chiefs." hinted that the battle against Af About 350 students of the University Nationalist guerrilla infiltrator College of Rhodesia, most of them Afri- soon enter a new phase. He said cans, decided to boycott lectures in pro-effectiveness of the armed forces test against the enlargement and packing would be strengthened "so that th of the College Council.' Representation will continue to be in a position meet any threat that may be posed -11- against Rhodesia's territorial inte grity (sic.)." The Government would NAM IBIA continue to do everything to assist the security forces to maintain their more U.N. deliberations successful protection of Rhodesia In our Feb. 1970 issue we reported against the Communist threat from the the decision of the U.N. Security Coun North. (Manchester Guardian, 5/29/70) cil to form still another body to de This would indicate that-Smith's Ad- liberate upon and make suggestions ministration does not expect to win about the problem of Namibia. (Since easy over the freedom fighters with- 1966, the U.N. has been trying to out pinch planning. oust South Africa from Namibia, for Mr. Dupont reiterated that legisla- merly known as South West Africa. The tion would soon be introduced to pro- whole world recognizes the illegitimacy tect and maintain residential property of South African occupation in Namibia; values. This was a reference to a billlegal and diplomatic condemnation have designed to clear Asians and Cdoureds been innefective in the face of South out of white suburbs. The Administra- Africa's military strength and economic tion was treating the matter as "urgenfties with the West.) The report of he said. this Ad Hoc Sub-committee was issued on The tug-of-war continues between July 7; predictably, it offers few new the Church and State over the implemen-recommendations, and again much time tation of the odioud' Land Tenure Act has been lost. vhich allocates equal amounts of land The Ad Hoc committee consists of to 5 million Rhodesian Africans and to representatives from each of the Secu 230,000 Rhodesian whites. In the best rity Council members; its report falls South African tradition, of course, theinto five categories. The first sec best parcels of land are reserved for tion recommends that all member States the whites. refuse all political and diplomatic The Church denominations in this recognition of South Africa's presence matter have steadfastly refused to be in Namibia. The second recommends cowed into submission. The law violatethat all States should discourage eco conscience and "grievously restricts thaomic dealings with Namibia, ceasing practice of religion," they stated, andall state-controlled economic rela they warned that unless provisions are tionships and discouraging others by declared void, they will close all hos-withdrawing all encouragement of or sup pitals, sehools, orphanages and homes port for companies which invest in Nami for the aged. (The extent of institu- bia, (This economic step, incidently, tions affected is indicated by the was undertaken by the U.S. in May--see fact that the Roman Catholic Church May-June 1970 issue of this newsletter) alone operates 131 hospitals and dis- It was greeted in South-Africa as pensaries, and its 820 schools enroll "little more than a gratuitous pin 525,000students, of whom 500,000 are prick," a desire to "strike but not African.) The Rhodesian Churches rea- wound." (Washington Post, 5/25/70) lize that civil liberties once lost areThe third section recommends the presen not easily regained., tation of the case of Namibia once more South African Airways is looking tice and the review of-all treaties for plane navigators in the U.S. which contain provisions applying to .Let's hope all those who apply Namibia. The fourth section calls on are Caucasian, eb? the Security Council to reaffirm its Jil - L I I--, request that all member States cease to supply South Africa with arms as well -12-

as materials for the manufacture and Now, while South Africa strengthens maintenance of arms. The final sec its stranglehold on Namibia, the reports tion recommends that the U.N. Council and discussions continue to circulate for Namibia make known the results of in the safety of the ivory U.N. tower. its study with regard to issuance cf passports and visas for Namibians (so Sam Nuioma's LLN. Testimony far Uganda and Zambia have both agreed *'to issue U.N. travel and identity do One of the representations to the Ad cuments to Namibians); that it under Hoc Committee was made by Sam Nujoma, take a study of regulations to be President of SWAPO (South West African adopted by States concerning travel to Peoples Organization). Describing the Namibia; that it consider the possibi military occupation of Namibia, Nujoma lity of discouraging tourisn in Nami said: bia; that it request the General Ass "As it is true with any military embly to set up a special U.N. Fund occupations of a country, the life for Namibians; that States should be style in Namibia has completely called on to report to the Secretary changed. People are under constant General on measures they have taken in threat of being arrested or being order to implement such recommenda accused as 'terrorists' or 'commu tions which are adopted by the Security nists' and that they would therefore Council; and finally, that the Ad Hoc be dealt with thoroughly or sent to Sub-Committee should continue to meet newly constructed concentration camps. to consider further effective recommen The most recent and well-known of. dations. such camps are the ones built along tReservations to Okavongo River. Here the farmers in *the Committee's the area are being kept under the close report were ex watch of the soldiers. Their movements pressed by four have been restricted and they are not of the delega allowed toisell their surplus food to tions. The others who may need it. This restric French and tion is based on the belief that the United Kingdom people who buy the food are the so delegates protested called terrorists." that the entire pro According to Mr. Nujoma, the South cedure was unrealis African army in Namibia consists of a tic, implying that the Permanent Force of more than 40,276 men problem of Namibia can be whch is supported by a large Citizens solved only by including South Africa Force and commando units composed of in deliberations of the problem; the volunteers and draftees who serve part delegates from Poland, Syria and the time in turns around the clock. With USSR also found the procedure unreal regard to Prime Minister Vorster's istic in that it did not call for severe military intentions and the possible *nough measures. In expressing his re threat of Namibia to world peace, Mr. servations, the delegate from the USSR Nujoma said: stated: "As long as Namibia is dominated "The huge airbase on the Eastern by United Kingdom, United States, West Caprivi Strip is not only meant for Germany and South African monopolies, no internal defence but is to threaten radical changes can be made for the bene - the independent African states. fit of the people of Namibia and with a South African mirage, and buccaneer view to liberating it." He then made jet fighters are in a position to specific suggestiops which, if they were reach and bomb any part of Zambia to be adopted, could put some teeth int(o and Katanga Province in the Congo recommendations of the Ad Hoc Sub-Com (Kinshasa). This has been demon mittee. strated by the racist Prime Minister -13-

Vorster, when he threatened Zambia. SOUTH I quote: 'We will hit you so hard that you will never forget it.' AFRICA'S Thus the policy pursued by South Africa constitutes a threat -to NEIGHBOURS peace, not only in Southern Af rica, but throughout the world." With regard to SWAPO's intentions and its relation to the U.N., Mr. Nu LESOTHO: joma said: "although our resolve is British Recognition and Resumed Aid that of an armed struggle, waged by British recognition of Chief Jona the Namibian people until victory is than's "emergency" regime came after achieved, we, without prejudicing four months of bloody political our resolve would suggest the steps strife. Chief Jonathan appears to that are most likely to weaken South have been forced to make some conces African illegal occupation in Namibia." sions to "opposition" political par The steps he listed are as follows: ties (how extensive is not clear) in I. Use of force under Chap. VII of order to comply with British require the Charger of the U.N. ments for diplomatic recognition. On 2. Expulsion of South Africa from the question of recognition hung the the U.N. resumption of the extensive British 3. Severance of all diplomat ic re budgetary support and development lations with South Africa assistance. It appears obvious from 4. Creation of an educational pro Chief Jonathan's sharp warning to gram for Namibia. Britain about the use of aid as a 5. Prohibition of South African political lever that this was a facto* aircrafts and vessels to use in his attempts to end the internal the airports and sea ports of violence. (Nationalist, 6/1/70) the U.N. member states. (Star, 6/13/70; NewsAgencies 6/8/70) 6. Total arms embargo on South Af Significantly, progress on the lica. Oxbow Scheme continued to be made dur ing the period of suspended British Hosea Kutako dead Lesotho relations. A British firm of consulting engineers, and the UNDP and Hqsea Kutako, long a symbol of the World Bank, continued studies and dis Namibians' cry for freedom, is dead. cussions on the project which will, if He died July 20 after a brief illness built, be able to supply 100-150 mil at the age of 100. Chief of the Hereto lion gallons of water per day to South people, Kutako was at various timeslin Africa. South African capital is ex his life a herdsman, a soldier (in the pected to be very important in con Herero wars against German occupation), structing the E15 million scheme. A and a prisoner-of-war, a fugitive, a hydroelectric plant which could be school teacher, a foreman of a railway built later is not considered econo gang, a book-binder. As leader of mically feasible yet because South Af 40,000 Hereros, his heir apparent is rica does not need the power now and Clement Kapuuo. Lesotho has no secondary industry to Kutako was unwavering in his leader absorb the surplus output. (Africa ship and revered by the Hereros. Most Confidential, 6/12/70) of all he will be remembered for crying out against persecution and oppression and for believing that somewhere in the world people of conscience would hear his cries and come to the aid of his suffering people. -14- BOTSWANA= Entangled by World Capitalism At some point in the future, Bots wana will probably provide an excel lent study of the directions proposed in the Pearson Commission report on the use of combinations of multilater al-private and public investment to tie more closely the less developed to the developed countries. This spring a series of inter-related contracts have been signed around the Shashi Complex. Botswana's minerals will en ter the world resource pool for re source hungry induatrial nations. The World Bank has'done the appraisal study of the project--and of Botswana's economy--and will soon render its deci sion (its crucial approval is now al-. most certain) on necessary development loan facilities. IDA has made arrange ments for providing credit for the de sign of certain "necessary" parts of toloans #6 m.of upto make the infrastructure. Canada will finance the existing road and by loans the thermal power station "ne ferry service to Zambia adequate to cessary" for the development of nickel the demands of truck traffic. For the and copper deposits (at Pikwe and Se first time Botswana will have a direct libe). Foreign-owned Bamangwato Conces and economically feasible trade link sions Ltd. has licenseda Finnish com with countries other than white-domi pany to use certain smelting and reduc nated South Africa and Rhodesia. And tion processes in Botswana, and American fo' reasons of internal security as Metals Climax will.refine all the ex well as economic control, South Africa pected matte output from Selibi-Pikwe at is not happy. its Port Nickel refinery in Louisiana. In an attempt to get the U.S. to, A German company has agreed to purchase change its rnd on the loan, South Af 2/3 the output of nickel, and all the rica again raised the unresolved dip copper and other metals for 15 years lomatic issue of the existence of any from Bamangwato Concessions which in border between Botswana and Zambia. turn guaranteed repayment of 507. of any The dispute concerns the dimensions 4of the loans made by IDA for infra of the area where the borders of Bots structure design. Only a change of eco- wana, Zambia, Rhodesia, and the South nomic masters? (Financial Times, 4/18/70;African-administered Caprivi Strip Johannesburg Star, 4/25/70) meet. The position of Botswana is that there is either a common water border Relations With South Africa between Botswana and Zambia, or a Botswana, encircled by white-ruled space of dead water, a river in no Southern Africa for all but a disputed man's land, through which the existing few hundred feet of border, will soon ferry has traveled for the past 80 have easier access to its northern neigh-years. South Africa, on the other hand, bors. Earlier this year the U.S. Agency claims that the borders merely inter for International Development agreed to sect at a point on the map which has I

no lateral dimensions. Colonial bor- 2. Labor still remains Malawi's der agreements for the area are vague main export. At any one time and contradictory. 200,000 adult males (out of a South Africa appears for the moment total population of 4 million) are to have-abandoned its case in the face working in Rhodesia and another of U.S. determination to maintain its 80,000 in South Africa. support of Botswana's right to im- In. "defending this position, Pies. proved access to the north. (South Banda says: 'I do not idealize the Africa continues to keep the ferry world: I take the world as it is. under 24-hour surveillance). No perma- One must do what is realistic and nent or mutually satisfactory solution practical. One must approach these has been found, however, and the issue states not as they should be, but as will undoubtedly be raised at some fu- they are." -ture time, perhaps when the need for a Because of this approach most Af bridge instead of a ferry becomes evi- ricam countries, especially Malawi's dent. (New York Times, 6/1/70; Africa militant neighbors, Tanzania and Zam Confidential, 5/1/70) bia, see Dr. Banda as the great "Uncle Tom" of independent Africa. They re gard Malawi's links with the south, MALAWI :its increasing economic dependence of Political'Realism? on the white-minority governments, and On March 11 an4 18 the Christian the growing number of South African Science Monitor ran lengthy articles on civil servants seconded to Malawi with political realism as a factor in Malawi great suspicion. politics. Banda's outward policy included the "Given the country's geography and expulsion of the Peace Corps, stating state of development, given the im- that volunteers set "a bad example." ,perative to survive and to maintain More likely is the fact that volun a stability on which survival can be teers were a liberalizing influence on based, no other policy is possible, the local level thereby weakening 4his at least appears to be the view Banda's influence and strict control. If President Banda, of the country's The Monitor article also admits single-party government, and most of that South Africa's extension of in the people (including many expa- fluence northward is an attempt to triates) who are keeping Malawi "help defuse the explosive frustra going." I . I tions and hostility which hive led the Monitor's Africa correspondent Fred-Tanzania, Zambia, and the Congo to eric Hunter writes, offer guerrilla movements some measure Hunter emphasized several factors in of official support." the realpolitik of Malawi: The British are also hoping for "l. Malawi's development has been successful Malawi/South Africa rela- ! scanty and uneven. The northern tions, since Britain hopes to phase Sregion, for instance, has a literacy out its regular budgetary aid in the rate exceeding 50%., but the central next 3 to 5 years--a fact that will region- has less than 207 literacy, throw Malawi even more into South Af The north, however, remains unde- rica's camp. veloped economically. It is largely South Africa's attempts to restrain cut off from the southern commercial her racism on the international level hub and lacks the infrastructure to have not been altogether successful, permit Malawi to look north toward and a number of incidents involving black-ruled to." Africa--even if it wanted South Africans in Malawi insulting -16-

and offending Malawian officials have "Two of these companies actively been asked to leave by the Malawi participated- in most of the enemy government. actions, Oct/Nov of 1969, in the re U gion of Lunda. The other units made Tanzania Affirms Support for criminal attacks on villages and cul the Liberation Stru,ggle tivated fields and fishing regions of Mr. Mhando, Ministe r of State for our people, and even made raids into Rreign Affairs in T'anzania ap Zambian territory." peared before the U .N. Committee of 24 and stated that independent Benguela Railway Dispute African nations are in a position Following the major MPLA attack on to "become more and better placed the Caripande barracks (see Southern to help liberation movements to , Africa, April 1970), Portuguese repri wage war against ouir enemies. If sals included looting of Zambian goods ,we keep on trying l ard things are on the Benguela Railway. The Benguela bound to get better ." Admitting Railway is vital for Zambian access to that the southern A frican libera- the sea; attacks against it have in the tion movements had not made gigan- past caused difficulties between Zam tic gains within the last year, he bian authorities and Angolan freedom affirmed that Tanzania "is satis- fighters, and are thought to have been fied that liberatio)n movements among the reasons for the exclusion of have done their bes3t and they Jonas Savimbi, of UNITA, from Zambian rightly deserve our encouragement territory. MPLA issued the following and every assistanc=e we can give clarification: them." (Tanzania NE.ws Review,5/70) "(I) The looting of Zambian merchan dise by the colonialists constitutes an act of fascist reprisal in the face of losses inflicted on them by MPLA guer P rillas at Carapande; 0 ."(2) The responsibility for the theft RT and destruction of goods from the Re public of Zambia rests exclusively U with the'Portuguese and was carried out d A inthe large urban centers, instigated the by PIDE and the Portuguese army: in 0Huambo (Nova Lisboa), in Silva Porto (Bie'), in Dilolo (Teixeira de Sousa) Caola. PORTUGUESEand'(3) The Benguela Railroad crosses a COLONIES large part of our country which is un South African -roo der the political and military control in Angola pf the MPIA. The MPIA could if it An MPIA communique' wished completely paralyze the of 3/25/70 calls at- railroad. ofe in2Angola, inaLu- "(4) Respecting the principles of tention to "the prese ofenSAnol, Ain African solidarity, the MPLA permits mege, Moxico District forces, encamped in the Benguela railroad to operate military interventior the a fortified area, anc composed of: only because we understand that "Four companies of commandos, equiped Republic of Zambia depends on that of products with helicopters, art illery, automatic means for the shipping other extensive essential to its economy. weapons and bazookas, and "(5) If, however, the Portuguese armaments. -17- colonialists carry out their threat to Chicago Group Demonstrates on definitely cut the Benguala railroad, Portugal/U.S. Link-up the MPLA for its part will be free of LocalChicago groups concerned all obligations and, in the interest withliberation in Southern Af of the national liberation struggle, rica leafleteda recent soccer will sabotage and attack the railroad match between Poland and Portu and its installations. (Lusaka, 3/31/70) gal. One demonstrator was arrested by the Chicago police PAIGC Advances in Guinea-Bissau on a number of trumped-up chargei PAIGC Actualitds reports, during the --it is obvious that growing period of Dec. and part of Jan. 1970, black action on international 125 attacks on Portuguese camps, 7 at issues in this country so ob tacks on airports and seaports, 51 am viously linked with local con bushes and other engagements, 25 vehi cerns is hitting the mark too cles destroyed, 1 airplane shot down, lose to home. *See p. 18 and 120 enemy killed. In Feb., attacks were reported on the garrisons of Su- U.S. Link With Cabora Bassa??? zana, S. Domingos, Begene, Guidage, For the last several months there N'gore, Candjambari, and Barro. A new- has been considerable protest and ly installed enemy camp at Ualincunda, lobbying in Europe by African diplo near the Northern frontier, was totally mats and local groups against corpo destroyed on Feb. 24. Attacks and con- rate involvement in the construction tinued mortar bombardments on Portu- and financing of the huge Cabora Bassa guese camps were reported for the East- hydroelectric complex--a project stra ern and Southern fronts as well. tegically conceived by the Portuguese Three Portuguese deserters tell and her international allies to throw their stories in the Feb. issue of a wrench in the progress of the Af PAIGC Actualites. One, a marine, rican liberation struggle. American Manuel Ilberto Costa Alfaiate, says: corporate ties with the ZAMCO Consor "The officers know already that the tium which is building the dam have not war is lost. Everyone in the barracks been evident, although it is rumored knows it; one feels all the time the that on the financial end, Bank of indestructable force that keeps watch America, Lehman Bros., and Dillon on us on the other side of the barbed Read and Co. are somehow connected. ( wire. And one asks: why keep on with The major lever which has successfully -this war? The pursuit of this war is a caused the withdrawal of Swedish and crime not only against your people, but Italian firms from the project has also against ours, whose youth is con- been the threat of violating sanctions demned to a useless death in the name against Rhodesia (i.e. since construc of the interests of those who govern us:'tion materiel and other goods are being Meanwhile, Marcello Caetano, in an supplied by Rhodesia for the Cabera interview with the London Times (4/27/70) assa project, involvement means U.N. gives as proof that PAIGC does not con- sanctions breaking--particularly if a trol Guinea, the complaints brought by firm directly handles those goods.) Senegal to the Security Council. He A U.N. ruling on the Cabora lassa/ says that Guinea is clearly under Portu- Sanctions issue has as yet not oc guese control, because the offensive ac- curred, but it would be significant tions against Senegal would be impossibleparticularly for corporations not if Portugal didn't control the border directly involved in the construction area. of the dam. For example, South Af rican General Electric is constructing relay panels for te Transvaal terminal of the Cabora Bassa power grid worth -18-

(Sample Leaflet: See box feature, p. 17)

son han li th put"""e feetbelire ut e...Gam* to vui A NO5*I4Uoemy.m... ' inANGOLA ....MOZAMBIQUE .... GUINEA-BIS$AU... C 90 % illiteracy *1 of 3 children die at birth *forced labor ,conditions

•*civil and humanwvaragainst rights 150, denied000 Portuguese *life expectancytroops of 30 years

UNITED STATES MILITARY SUSTAINS PORTUGAL IN HER WARS AGAINSTr

S$200 millionAFRICAN in military FREEDOM aid reque'sted FIGHTERS by Portugal for counter-insurgency In Africa i

U.S. arms, aircraft, napalm, via NATO, used against African women & children SCrA bombers to Portugal *U.S. military bases on Portuguese Azores Islands

0 AMERICAN CORPORATIONS, bleeding Africa of her resources, finance Portugal in her wars against the African peoples. * U.S. is Portugal's THIRD LARGEST TRADING PARTNER ($68 Million annually) U.S. is a major importer of raw materials from-Portuguese colonies ...COFFEE ...DIAMONDS... OIL... IRON ORE,..

500,000 wom & hldre on. the platations $ 00,000. waon & chldren at forced labor, on the p3*ntat~fts 50,000, omn & obLldra binlgag In you hwvet eq th pntlatos 50,000 womtar &Ing obldrean a,day brining In TOR 00113, on the piattafap

24.000 mn In the disgfa f 24,000 mn at foroed labor In the #isgnm 24,000 sn soratch for YOUR DIAMONDS in the pdto of Lumnda ..fr18i a day

African men, women and children exploited by foreign corporations, allies of Portuguese colonialism... digging your diamonds: An~glo,_eun.ca...DIWMG.,.ND Bre...g lhe... *pumping your til: Gulf...Mobil...Su Ray. .. Shell...Standard. .. Z0o..* Clark... *harvesting your coffee: 94llu...S nka...lReoafe... M@N ll BoA"... *digging iron ore for the U.S. war machine: Bethlehem Stool...U.B. Steel...... for 180 a day

MAXIMUM PROFITS for the big-money corporations, but SUPER-EXPLOITATION t! FOR THE AFRICAN PEOPLES 5

U.S. military and business interests are 4 dragging us into another bloody war, where the U.S. will be aligned with the'forces of G facism and colonialism, against the African people struggling for independence.

SUPPORT AFRICAN LIBERATION STRUGGLE BRING THE FOOTBALLERS BACK FROM PORTUGUESE-AFRICAN WARS DEFEAT PORTUGAL TODAY b ; IA VITORIA E CERTAr

-o00 T' sul oV *."O.LA 'lJgDIUVENI0fiDfO u.op'o8 t'Mo Olt@0''&eUO u0l4t0 -19-

$140,000. Is not GE then part of the It is precisely this last year that Cabora Bassa project? we have solved the logistical prob lems, notably that of the transport of New Angola Pamphlet Available arms and materiel in the Niassa region MPIA 1970 (reprints from recent which is very large and underpopulated. publications of the Movimiento It is also during the past year that Popular de Libertacao de Angola) we have made great progress in Cabo Del is now available (75¢) from Libe gado, where we have carried out actions ration Support Movement Informa on the other side of the Montepuez River. tion Center, P. 0. Box 15210, Finally, it is Seattle, Washington 98115. during this last fitADO year that we have Rogers Visits Madrid, Lisbon for Bases consolidated the Talks structure of our The long-stalled Spanish-U.S. talks on the precise terms for continuing U.S. 't. bA-;politico-m and administratiVeilitary , bases in Spain took a step forward last 14AA. power in the liberated month with Secretary of"State Rogers' zones with important de visit on his way back from the NATO velopment in production: Foreign Minister's conference. U.S. agriculture, fishing, hopes that other NATO countries would crafts; added to the number accept Spain as a member did not work ' of schools and teachers, and out, but an agreement is expected some upgraded teacher quality; time this summer, after congressional developed the health ser "sensitivity" over Cambodia has died vices and trained a large down. This would clear the way for new number of nurses and first negotiations on the American bases in aid personnel. Each com the Azores, now occupied "by courtesy of bat unit is now accompanied the Portuguese Government." The Defense by a nurse. It is useful also to under Department still claims the Azores bases line the reality of the development of are of "major military importance," but political consciousness of our com even in military terms that assertion is battants, because we are convinced, now questionable (see Africa Report, today more than ever, that the base of spring 1970). Rogers, on leaving Portu our victory rests in large part on the gal, said that he was "sure the talks constant raising of the political for we have had with the Portuguese Govern mation of our combattants, of our ment ,were useful and I return to the cadres, and of the people in general. U.S. with a feeling of satisfaction." Portuguese Government officials said More Attacks in An ola that Premier Caetano had clarified to A UNITA comuique' issued from Mr. Rogers Portugal's position on her Stockholm, Sweden, reports several African territories. ambushes of Portuguese troop units, and one attack on a Portuguese camp Interview with Marcelino Dos Santos near Coutada do Mucusso,'all during (from Africasia, April 27-May 10, 1970) Jan. 1970. The most common weapon Question: What is the situation in captured was the G3, a NATO model the liberated areas? .manufactured under West German Answer: The success obtained in Tete license at Brajpoda Prata in Por has been accompanied by success in the tugal. provinces of Cabo Delgado and Niassa. -20 - Portugal's Gratitude the mass. L'Osservatore Romano, offi Admiral Ephraim P. Holmes, Ameri- cial Vatical journal, tried to minimize can Supreme Allied Commander of the the audience, saying that it was North Atlantic, has received from granted in purely religious terms, and Portugal the Grand Cross of the Or- signified no political position taken der of Aviz,' Present at the presen- by the Pope. 4ation were high Portuguese military The Liberation movement representa officials, including the Minister of tives reported that the Pope had as Defense General Sa Viana Rebelco, sured them he was informed about the the American Admiral Fluckey, comman- tragic events in the Portuguese colo der of the IBERLANT NATO command, and nies, and expressed the hope that they the American Ambassador Ridgway would be able to reach their objectives Knight. (Noticias de Portugal, 5/9 /70)by peaceful means. They had requested the Pope to use his power to end the Portugal Upset: PopeGives Audience massacre of the Portuguese colonial to the Liberation Leaders wars. The Pope had told them that the The Portuguese Ambassador to the Church was concerned about all suffer Vatican, Eduardo Brasao, expressed ing, and especially about the peoples in Lisbon the confidence that he wouldof Africa. return to Rome in Some days to reas- (Report compiled from Jornal.do Brasil sume-his functions, and denied rumors 7/7/70 and London Times, 7/3/70) that Portugal would break relations with the Vatican. Meanwhile, young More Withdrawals from Cabora Bassa tonservative Catholics distributed English (English Electric) and Ital amphlets in St. Peter's Square, con- ian (Milan Societa Anonima Elettrif: d ing the audience granted on July icazione) interests that had been 1 by Pope Paul VI to leaders of libe- considering participation in the ration movements in Portugal's Afri- Cabora Bassa hydroelectric project can colonies. will not now participate, it has The interview of the Pope with Mar- become clear in recent months. celino dos Santos, of FRELIMO, Amilcar That leaves as the major members A Cabral of PAIGC, and Agostinho Neto, of the consortium South African, of MPIA, caused the crisis between German, and French firms. The fi Portugal and the Vatican. Ambassador nancing is still multinational in Brasao handed in an official protest character, with involvement of to the Secretary of theVatican, Car- Barclay's Bank (England) and Bank dinal Jean Villot, and returned to of-America, among many others. Lisbon, by order of Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano. In Lisbon the Amba- Portuguese Losses Admitted ssador said that he was called home The losses reported in the Portuguese for "consultatio," and refused to com-war communiques and press from Jan. 28 4ent more about the crisis. An offi- to Apr. 25, 1970 total as follows: cial spokesman of the Portuguese Gov- Number Killed ernment said that Caetano considers Armed Forces Militia A the incident closed'and within a few Guinea-Bissau 38 44 days the Ambassador will return to Angola 71 26 the Vatican. Mozambique 59 70 The student demonstrators protested TOTAL 168 140 against the Papal Audience given to J "revolutionaries", especially since the Schools Bombed in Guinea-Bissau Pope had not received traditional Cath- The Portuguese Air Force bombed a olics gathered in Rome the previous school in the liberated areas in the q week to protest against the reform of northern region of Guinea on Mar. 30, -21- according to a recent PAIGC communique. Salazar as "a man of principle," and In this attack on the school at Tambico was concerned to counteract the Americ 7 children were killed and 8 wounded. an press, which had called Salazar It follows an earlier attack on anoth a "fascist." (George F. Kennan, er school in the region in Feb., in Memoirs, 1967) which 8 children were killed and 17 wounded. PAIGC's attacks in this re gion have, however, succeeded in keep ing the Portuguese ground forces on the defensive. Two of the remaining Portuguese fortified camps in the area, at Guiledge and Gantura, have come un der heavy shelling. Also 3 more Portu guese conscript soldiers have deserted from the army, and asked for protection from PAIGC. (Third World Reports, 5/70)

Angola Praised by U.S. Journalist It is interesting to note that the Wall Street Journal's veteran Africa stringer, Ray Vicker, has articles appearing in the National Observer of William Buckley. Pro-Portuguese in tone, Vicker praises .Portugal's pacification work and the multi racial character of Angola, but more important he writes of frontier Atomic Energy in Southern Africa spirit for capitalist expansion In March, Portuguese and South quoting a Texan in a Luanda bar: African delegations met in Lourenco "Angola is twice as big as Texas and Marques to discuss the peaceful uses times as rich..." Vicker cites U.S. of atomic energy. In early May, the companies in Angola as including second annual meeting of the Atomic Gulf Oil with 46 offshore wells in Society" of Southern Africa was held operation, Tenneco, Standard Oil of in Lourenco Marques. It was expected California, Texaco, Union Carbide, that the meeting would be attended by Diamond Shamrock, Diversa, etc. (Na some 60 scientists from South Africa, tional Observer, 5/18/70) Southern Rhodesia, the U.S.A., Portu gal, Angola and Mozambique. Kennan Visits Angola Mr. George Kennan, the former U.S. Liberation Movements Supported at Ambassador to the Soviet Union, now at World Food Congress Princeton Univ., visited Angola in April The 250 youth delegates to the for a tour of the territory. One wondersWorld Food Congress in the Hague, if he is trying to implement the assurance Netherlands, sponsored by the FAO, he got, while U.S. charge' d'affaires in attacked the agency for not sup Lisbon (1943) that the U.S. would "respect porting liberation movements in the sovereignty of Portugal and its entire Portuguese colonies and in South colonial empire." The assurance, arranged west Africa. A number of the by Kennan on his own authority, helped older delegates joined the young the U.S. obtain the use of the.Azores. Ac people in a fast, the savings to cording to his memoirs, Kennan respected be donated to African liberation movements. -22- Bombs Discovered at Portuguese, South RESUMPTION OF ARMS African Offices in New York City On the same day (777/70) that a SALES TO SOUTH pipe bomb exploded at the Haitian Con sulate in New York, explosive devices AFRICA were also found at the Portuguese Travel Agency (570 Fifth Avenue) and The Conservative victory in Britain the South African Consulate (655 Madi in all probability will prove a boon son Ave.). Both were discovered-and to the apartheid regime of South Africa. dismantled by the police bomb squad All indications are that the new govern before they exploded. (New York Times, ment will soon cancel the Labor govern

7/8/70) ment's ban on arms sales to South Africa and negotiate a new defense agreement. Parachuting Dogs (Paradogs) Added To date (7/20/70) no public commitments to South African Police & Army have been made, but the Foreign Minister, The Baltimore Sun (5/31/70) has Sir Alec Douglas-Home, has made it quite announced that "paradogs" have clear both during and after the election recently been added to the South that arms sales would be resumed. The African Police and Army Forces. South African government has been un See the African. See the mean able to conceal its delight over the dogs. See the dogs kill the Af Conservative victory, even to the point rican. of embarrassing the Heath government. South Africa's foreign minister, Dr. Other Guerrilla Successes Hilgard Muller, left for Britain the ver3 Reuters reports intensified fightingday after the Conservative victory and in Angola, particularly in the northernhad to be kept waiting so that it would frontier areas. Portuguese documents not appear that he was the first foreign indicate that the guerrillas are betterminister to visit the new government. armed and equipped than in the past. The rebel government of Rhodesia also (Baltimore Sun, 5/30/70). 300 PAIGC stands to gain from the Conservative soldiers also are reported having made victory, and Mssrs. Smith and Vorster a surprise raid into Guinea-Bissau fromhave already consulted together about Senegal in mid-July, 5 days after "Por-the victory's significance. tugal offered safe conduct to members of Outrage against the proposed re the liberation movement... (Washington sumption of arms sale has been swift, Post,' 7/17/o) both from liberal elements within Bri tain and from black African leaders. The Trades Union Congress and the labor newspapers have indicated that there is a very considerable segment of British society strongly opposed to military aid for apartheid. Zambia's Kenneth Kaunda has condemned the proposed arms sale in no uncertain terms: "We will view with the gravest concern any policy decision by the British govern ment sanctioning the sale of arms to South Africa... The sale of arms to South Africa, whether by private orga I nizations in Europe or by governments directly, is a vote of confidence in the policies pursued by minority re gimes in Southern Africa. It is a

AI -23- vote for apartheid and the trampling of human rights." He said further that if Western countries decided to arm South Africa, the independent Af rican States would switch their arms buying to Eastern powers. (Daily Na tion, 6/24/70; 6/28/70) The U.N. Council on Apartheid, anticipating resumption of arms sales has already called for Security Council review of South Africa. In 1955, when it gave the sanctions against South Africa and up control of the Simonstown naval Rhodesia. base, it negotiated a treaty whereby Given the level of opposition in it would retain use of the base in England and Third World members of the exchange for giving material and train Coonwealth, the probable ouecome ing to the South African navy. It is will be a "compromise" by the Conser- this treaty that the Conservative gov vative government wherrby only heavy ernment cites as justification for re armaments useful for"external defense"sumption of arms sales. Even after (ships, long-range bombers, electronic the U.N. sanctions were passed, the 1urveillance equipment, etc.) will ,be Conservative Party remained committed sold. The Conservatives will argue to supplying South Africa's defense that such heavy military equipment is needs. The Labor government, however, not in violation of the "mandatory" ostensably agreed to abide by the san UN embargos of arms sales to South ctions, but it has had a shabby record Africa passed in 1963 and 1964 because in carrying out this commitment. When the embargo was only intdnded against Wilson first took office, he sold South armaments useful in putting down in- Africa 16 Buccaneer low-flying fighter ternal disturbances. But this loop- aircraft, on the pretext that the hole is one devised by the powers who agreement for the arms sale had been wish to continue selling arms to South made before the U.N. sanctions. It Africa (besides Britain, France and continued to supply spare parts for all Italy). Inspection of the sanctions military hardware, naval and land ar passed by the Security Council reveals tillery ammunition, anti-submarine that no such distinctions were part of equipment, chasses for trucks which the official documents and that, in were used for armored cars, and training fact, they refer to "arms of all types"for its navy. More important, along (sanction of Aug. 1963) or simply to with the U.S., it provided substantial "arms" (Dec. 1963 & June 1964). De- financial investment and technical per pending on how well resumption of arms sonnel for South Africab indigenous sales goes down, deepening support arms industry. In the last months of for the minority regimes of Southern the Labor government, two visits showed Africa seems likely. The next move how closely it was tied to South Africa'j could be lifting the blockade of the military. In Jan. 1970, Admiral Sit Mozambique port of Beira (a blockade John Bush, the Commander-in-Chief of to cut off Rhodesian trade), as the the Western Fleet, visited South Africa Conservatives promised lwhn they were and engaged in talks with Defense Mini in the Opposition, leading to an even- ster Botha and other high-ranking naval tual resumption of trade with Rhodesia.officials. In March 1970, Lieut. Gen. C. Alan Fraser, South Africa's expert Background in "counter-insurgency and guerrilla Britain has had a long history of warfare", visited Britain and is be supporting the military establishment lieved to have had extensive discussions with top British-military personnel. (Anti-Apartheid News, May 1970) -24-

Britain's motivations behind its Resumption of arms sales would, of continuing military support of South course, also strengthenSouth Africa's Africa are two: (1) its anti-communist military stance internally. As U.S. mentality and consequent uneasiness use of sea-based planes and long-dis resulting from its withdrawal from east tance bombers in Indo-China has shown, f Suez. There has apparently been con- the distinction between weapons for 0Yiderable build-up of the Russian navy large-scale external attack and in in the Indian Ocean. Britain would like ternal guerrilla attack cannot easily to oppose this build-up and protect its be made. Even if all military equip Cape sea routes by proxy. Even admit- ment sold were clearly designed for ting that the Russian presence poses a external defense, supply of such equip real threat, Britain's reasoning is ment would allow South Africa to divert fatuous1 about as realistic as expect- its domestic arms industry toward pro ing the Canadian navy to protect the duction of weapons teful against guer North Atlantic against Russia single- rilla warfare. Furthermore, "external" handedly. (2) Desire to protect its defense now applies to South Africa's very considerable investments in South northern borders, since it now has Africa and to enhafice its armament in- military personnel stationed in Mozan dustry and thereby its balance of bique and Rhodesia. FRELIMO reports trade. The pro-labor Guardian Weekly that South Africa has 3 units stationed cites economic motivations as predomi- in Mozambique and the MPLA says that nant, since it exports h326 to South South Africa poses a helicopter base Africa annually and has twice the at the Cabora Bassa hydroelectric aount invested in South Africa as in project in Mozambique. al the rest of Africa. (Guardian Weekly, 6/25/70) Comment South Africa stands to gain greatly Clearly Britain's flouting of'the' from resumption of arms sale. Its pri- U.N. arms sanctions will be. another mary significance for White South Africachink in the working alliance between would be psychological. "A lifting of the West and the minority white regimes the embargo would be regarded by South of oSouthern Africa. It will further Africa's white population as a gesture alienate the Third World from the West of reacceptance." (Financial Times, and make alliances with Eastern powers 7/2/70) Ultimately, what South Africa unavoidable. What is left of the wants is to be accepted as an intelgral British Commonwealth will undoubtedly part of the Western defensive community.be shattered, or at least split, white Ideally, it would hope to be the leader against non-white. Western contempt of a South Atlantic counterpart of NATO. for the United Nations will once again In April 1969 the South African Star be demonstrated. The West will find wrote: "These are early days to talk itself more than ever on the side of aout a SATO. Nevertheless it is well white repression of black peoples. JR be thinking in terms of regional links across the Atlantic." Toward this end, it has established considerable commercial and military links with South American nations (particularly with Ar gentina) and with Australia. Late in 1969 the President of the South African Foundation wrote a long article in the NATO journal outlining South Africa's supposed significance to the defense of the Western world. -25 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE General Resolutions "to take all neeessary steps for the convening in IN SUPPORT OF THE Western Europe of a Conference on PEOPLES OF THE the Portuguese colonies, to be held PORTUGUESE COLONIES under the broadest sponsorship of all anti-colonialist forces." Thu it was that the Rome Conference was* convened (ironically in the same chambers used only shortly before bv the NATO Foreign Ministers Confer ence) by: (1) the Liberation Move ments of the Portuguese Colonies, represented by CONCP, namely "PAIGC, FRELIMO, and MPIA: (2) the Mobilisa tion Committee created at the Khar toum Conference; and (3) the Italian Initiative Committee, which-includes a broad range of afiti-colonial forces in Italy. Another point to understand about the 1970 Conference was that it was from the beginning to end conducted From June 27-29 in Rome at the Palazzo in the political maelstrom of Wester dei Congressi, 350 people from points Europe--specifically Italy. The po* across the globe gathered for an expres litical rhythm of the entire 3-day sion of unity and support for the peo meeting wal quite different (as are ples of the Portuguese colonies of An the objective conditions themselves) gola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau. from that tempo at which activists, The occasion was The-International Con from Panthers to La Raza and Weather ference in Support of the Peoples of men, operate inside Babylon today. the Portuguese Colonies. But in a much This made an intersting and education deeper perspective it was one of those al situation but also made for a rare and historic demonstrations of in gathering which failed to analyze ternational solidarity with a people's or even substantively raise the stra movement. Some 73 different countries tegic and political problems faced by or territories ranging from Sao Tome and the wide gambit of U.S. and Canadian Principe to Finland, and from Portugal support movements, all of which must to Palestine, came to give their support. mobilize and organize inside the aorta Additionally, the representation of in and ventricle of imperialism and not ternational organizations comprised some merely the arteries. 11 groups spanning the political spec trum from the UN Committee of 24 to LISBON ASKING ANTI-REBEL AID OSPAAL and the World Council for Peace. "Lisbon (AP)--Portugal will ask There are 3 initial points to consider Secretary of State William P. about the Rome Conference. The first is Rogers today for American backing that any serious discussion of it must of its military operations against begin with recognition of the 1970 Rome guerrillas in its three African Conference as a sequel to and result of provinces, official sources said..." the Khartoum Conference of Jan.18-20,1969. (New York Post, 5/30/70) The Ad-Hoc Mobilisation Committee of that meeting in the Sudan resolved in its The newspaper article quoted above -26

brings us to the last .and perhaps most recognition of Guinea-Bissau as only important point to keep in mind. We government in the area; need for in must recall that this Conference was ternational action to be developed held--as well it should have been--at a against" Banda and the "disguised time when the "unholy alliance" of Por- 'Bandas". in Africa.; tugal, Rhodesia, and South*Africa is Agostinho Neto: a major obstacle A40w emerging eagerly, rapidly, and'* yet remaining in MPLA's struggle is openly embracing the previously "'silent the continuing negative and reactionary majority" of the USA, West!Germany, role being played by the Congo-Kin Britain, and international corporate shasa government; MPIA has become in capital. ' the villages by its intense and revo. What was once short press reports of lutionary actionthe legitimate repre U.S. CIA personnel flown into Lisbon is sentative of the Angolan people; the today near-tacit acknowledgement and Portuguese government itself can no condolence of NATO (read American) longer ignore, the strength of ,MPIA. planes bombing and strafing villages in Certain officers have seen that it is the liberated areas of MOzambique, Angolaot possible to win the war against the and Guinea-Bissau or !n the border areasAngolan people, this despite the astro of Tanzania and Zambia. What is happen-nomical sums going into military ex-;. ing today, as Marcelino dos Santos aptlypenditure on the part of Portugal. stated, is the internationalization of, Caetano himself no longer believes in, Portugal's wars against the African his generals and is looking for help people. And it is from this point that from his imperialist allies, particu Spe must understand the strategic imper-larly the USA. ive for the anti-colonial struggle to Marcelino dos Santos: Portuguese also become internationalized, colonialism must be viewed as a func ,As Portuguese colonialism today is detion of contradictions inside metropoli dlining and as with decline Portugal wilt tan Portugal itself; N0W necessary appeal for and receive greater support that the anti-colonial struggle be from the world imperialist community, so internationalized; Portugal's en must we in the international community, couragement of foreign capitalist particularly in the metropoles, intensify investment in her African colonies our support for the peoples of the Portu- has had 2 adverse effects on the guese colonies. Grasping and adopting struggle; (1) in creasting profits this concept is fundamental, I would sug- Portugal can use in financing her gest, to an understanding of the 1970 war against the Africans; (2) in Rome Conference. creating foreign economic interests There were 3 basic components of the which act within their own countries Rome Conference: (1) the political reports as pressure groups for the Portu from Amilcar Cabral (Secretary General, guese imperialist cause. PAIGC), Agostinho Neto (President, MPLA), d Marcelino dos Santos (Vice Pres., The Conference was arranged so that LIMO); (2) the political-commission; after the political reports were given (3) the material aid and support commis-and a Presidency (Steering Comittee) sion. All of the political reports wereapproved, participants then went into of value and interest. We will indicate either the "Political Commission" or some highlights below: the "Material Aid and Support Comnis Amilcar Cabral: In Guinea there is nosion (MASC)' Having participated in longer an administrative (colonial) powege latter, I must confine my report organizing now being done for the first to its deliberations. popular national assembly; need to ini- MASC met throughout the 3 days and tiate movement for legal and world-wide overall its ,meetings could be charac .terized as productive. In our -27- commission were roughly 60 delegates With careful cc and various ntrol and the sponsor other press and other ship of an umbitella selected "observers", of different but committed groul?s, it could be done. We addressed ourselves to 2 funda- The other impox mental tant point is for sup problems: (1) how we can attack port groups her*e to move to tie them the activities of the colonialist selves more clo power sely with groups in and its collaborators? and (2) other NATO cent ers; what are as, for example, the specific ways in which we the Vietnam Co mittee --many of us residing of Denmark is in the NATO 'now shifting their focus to Southern countries--can support MPLA, PAIGC, Africa and is p and FRELIMO resently doing some very in their anti-colonial, valuable work onihe anti-impealist struggles? World Bant. But The dis- the fundamental political lesson cussion which ensued was is good, with that our Southe rn Africa support groups some specific suggestions put forward in the USA must such as that for broaden their poli a centralized bureau tical perspecti yes. for Western Europe which would That is to say, ferret no longer can g roups "inside" out information on the progress deal of with just the Draft or just Southern the struggle. Africa, just ra It was resolved cism or just anti also that the time corporate activ ities; has. come for Western humanitarian imperialism and or- racism must be dealt with from ganizations to terminate the fine as dis- broad a point of understanding as tinction between aid to a refugee and possible. Now aid to people involved is the time to be in the armed specific for us to push Resistance struggle for national liberation. groups here tow The point is that ards study of the grow-k the lines are drawn; ing draft resis tance in Pottugal, people are in the liberated and territories, for these groupls to aid in the anti Portuguese planes are bombing women and draft undergrou children in villages nd in Portugal. in the liberated Operating in today's period areas; and all of of these people are by heightened repr ession and racism, definition of the struggle we itself, must know what' s happening in Brazil, Those Western "humanitarian" agencies just as we do ii and n Asbury Park and in organizations genuinely wishing to Tete Province. We aid can cannot simply relate no longer assist just the vic- to the "West Co ast Southern Africa time of the problem, but must now turn Group" and must "right on" for a higher to support -for the solution-makers, level of politi cal consciousness namely and support of those on the front for the complet e internationalization lines of actual struggle inside the of our struggle countries. The most solid work of the MASC was, (This report dr swn up by the Proposals for a U.S. par Practical Support sub-ticipant in the Rome Conference, now mitted by the African National Commit- in Chicago.) tee of Cyprus., Beginning %ith a des .cription of the objective conditions in SOUTHERN AFRICA the liberated zones, the paper continue to an BACKISSES NOW excellent. list of specific items AVAILABLE ON MICROFILM needed by the movements. A Must for Every Library Some Specific Points There is a specific need for such Write the Southern a support conferetnce to be held inside Africa Committee the USA (CIA and "the Man" be damned!) 637 West 125th St. New York, N.Y. 10027 -28 BOOK REVIEW: Rogers' report, touted as "a signi fortsficant tocatalog assist ofAfrica's U.S. plans nation-build and ef Africa: this new dialogue ing" consists of al li-point agenda, Secretary of State William P. Rogers' which qualifies American responsiveness 15-day tour of 10 African nations is to African economic needs with the now immortalized in the recently issued phrase "within real limitations of U.S. StateNDepartment publication: "Africa: capacities and resouces" which, in his ew Dialogue..." (U.S. Government terms of figures given earlier, does Printing Office: 1970). Perhaps more not seem to amount to very much. Taking appropriately entitled "This is Tues- 1968 as a typical year, the U.S. con day So It Must Be Kinshasa", the 48- tributed 21% of all aid to Africa from page brochure is laden with facts and all sources. Not only was this $0.2 photos designed to demonstrate American billion off from the 1964-67 average, support in meeting the complex problems and not only does it continue to de of African social, economic, educational cline, it also amounts to a whopping and political development, one cent on the dollar spent yearly After the usual overviews on "Geo- in Vietnam. graphy," "People," and "Historical Point 5 in Rogers agenda maintains Background", the document finally gets that the U.S. "will continue to stand down to business in its discussion of for equality and self-determination" "Government and Politics." Unfortunate- in evidence of which Point 7 cites ly, we are informed, "Many of the coun- the closing of the Consulate in Rhode tries whose initial post-independence sia, non-recognition .of the Smith re governmentwere modeled on Western demo- gime, and the support of U.N. sanc *ratic forms have been replaced by mili- tions. In view of the size of American tary or one-party governments." (p. 24) economic :intestment in South Africa, American concern is in part stimulated such a claim represents an efficacy by the fact that the Russians and the analogous to Spiro Agnew's support of Chinese extend "material and training freedom of the press. It is also assistance to insurgent African refugee comforting to learn that we continue groups... in the Portuguese territories to abhor apartheid. The Nixon adminis and Southern Rhodesia." tration apparently does .not abhor it to American concern in Africa comes a- the extenf of say, appointing a black cross in 2 areas in the pamphlet. In ambassador to South Africa instead of the first place there are repeated assqr-a Texas oil millionaire, or using tions in the form of quotations both American power to gain more favored from Rogers and Nixon that the fondest treatment of black African primary pro wish of the U.S. is nothing more than ducts in American markets. that the whole continent of Africa be It will be of further comfort to left alone to develop in peace, on its black African nations and to Americans own terms, never to be embroiled in'the concerned about Africa that we support 1'power struggles" which plague the rest the U.N. resolution that South Africa *f the world. The second, also official-has no right to administer Namibia. ly articulated interest, seems to be in One might also be encouraged that Point the direction of keeping "tragically 10 encourages "self-determination of wasteful... foreign ideologies" of eco- the Portuguese Territories through nomic development out of Africa. Wtth peaceful change," and that the policy both capitalism and socialism denied in force since 1961 will continue the African economies, it appears that eco- embargo of arms to these territories. nomic development in Africa awaits an This is presumably what is meant by indigenous economic genius who will be American concern over undue outside able to find a via media between Adam influence inAfrica. The arms embargo Smith and Karl Marx.

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to South Africa will no doubt receive infliction and sleep deprivation continued support from the Nixon ad are the most common allegations. ministration, despite the fact that currently the people to whom the Pen Rector Re-Instates Student After Sit'in tagon sells surplus arms have no The Reetor of the University of qualms about to whom thea sell them. the Western Cape, a college for Col The Rogers report has produced its oured students only, has re-instated own ironic comment on U.S. economic a student, Chuzles Demas, after almost relations with Africa under the section the entire student body occupied the titled "Private Investment" where we administration building. Demas had learn that "U.S. private investment in been suspended for attending lectures the O.A.U. states amounts to almost $2 without a tie. Students protested billion,' and is still growing. Most of that the punishment was too severe. this investment is in the extractive (NUSAS Newsletter No. 14) industries." From Cecil Rhodes to Charles Engelhard, that about sums it African Students Protest in Rhodesia up. Police were called to the campus of the University College of Rhodesia STUDENT in Salisbury in late June when 250 PROTEST students, mostly Africans, refused to As reported in the last issue, stu leave a meeting of the College's dents throughout South Africa demon governing body. The students were strated in May in response to a call demonstrating in an attempt to stop by the President of the National Union the Council from ratifying new statues of South African Students (NUSAS), which will come into effect when the Neville Curtis, to protest the year college attains university status in 1971 long detention of 22 Africans under the and severs its links with British Terrorism Act. In Johannesburg, 357 universities. The new statutes will students were arrested after give greater authority to the Rhode marching sian government on the police headquarters in defiance in the administration of a government ban. Early in June, of the University. This has given rise the Attorney-General of the Transvaal to a fear that the government will announced that 30 of the protesters turn the University into a racially would be charged with offences in terms segregated institution. Four students of the.RiOtous Assemblies Act. were arrested but released without Among those supporting the protests charge. One studentwas admitted to at Rhodes University in Grahamstown was hospital. Since this incident, fur Alec Smith, son of the Rhodesian iPrime ther demonstrations have occurred. Minister. Smith denounced those stu (London, The Guardian, 6/20/70) dents unprepared to act in defence of freedom of thought and freedom to act Mozambigue Students Refuse to according to conviction as "cabbages" Play Segregated Sport Students (New York Times, 6/4/70) at the University of Lourenco Marques in Mozambique have The student demonstrations again fo cused attention on the South African announced that they will no longer government's shocking record in the play sport in South Africa if spec treatment of its political opponents: tators are racially segregated or if non-whites are discriminated over 14,000 South Africans have been against detained without trial; over 49 de in the selection of the sports teams against whom they are to compete. tainees have alleged torture--pain (NUSAS Newsletter No. 4) -30-

NUSAS ,to Hold Integrated Conference South Africa Expelled from International NUSAS's Annual Conference to have Weight Lifting Body been held in July will be the first South Africa has been expelled from totally integrated gathering since yet another international sports prga 4962. In recent years, all the Eng-, nization. Latest to act against South ish speaking Universities have re Africa is the International Amateur fused to provide racially integrated Wrestling federation. The decision sleeping quarters for delegates on came after a vote of 38-21 against South their campuses. To overcome this, Africa. (The Times, London, 7/6/70) NUSAS has abandoned the campus cir cuit for the first time in 47 years Furor Over Cricket Tour Cancellation and will hold its conference at a The cancelkion of South Africa's Presbyterian youth camp where all cricket tour of England has drawn much residents will be able to eat, sleep comment in South Africa. Both the Prime and debate together. (Star, 6/27/70) Minister, Mr. Vorster, and the Minister of S'ort, Mr. Waring, have affirmed that Police'Detain 200 African Schoolgirls the government will not yield to demands Police arrested 200 African school for mixed sport. Claiming that the girls after a riot at the Shawberry communists and Afro-Asians were black Mission School in the Transkei. The mailing countries into refusing to play schoolgirls, aged from 15-23, stoned South Africa, Mr. Vorster said that thero heir hostel, breaking 700 windows. was "no choice, if the choice was be o reasons for the riot are known- tween taking part in international sport mobile police units from Umtata de and preserving the. South African way of tained the 200"girls. (NUSAS Newsiet life." (Star, 6/6/70) ter No. 14) Several cricketers have criticized the inflexibility of the Natio nalist Government. The South African captain, Dr. Ali Bacher, said it was time for South Africans to broaden their atti tudes on mixed sport, not to appease demonstrators, but for the sake of South African-sport in 1970. (Guardian, 5/30/7( The Australian Prime Minister, Mr. John Gordon, has pledged that his govern. ment will not interfere in forthcoming tours of Australia by South African sports teams. Mr. Gordon was replying to a demand by the leader of the Opposi tion, Mr. Whitlaw, to declare a policy olice Investigate Multi-Racial Rugby of not playing against South African Police in Durban are investigating sports teams. South African golf, crick4 the legality of a recent rugby match and rugby teams are to visit Australia between white and black students at and New Zealand in 1970 and 1971. (Star the University of Natal. The match 6/6/70) was organized by the Students Rep New Zealand decided to go ahead with resentative Council of the University their rugby tour of South Africa, despit4 of Natal and took place on the campus. the cricket ban. The New Zealand Rugby (Star, 6/27/70) Football Union also ignored a plea from the General-Secretary of the New Zealand -31-

Council of Churches not to play in PERCY SLEDGE SELLS "SOUL" IN South West Africa or Rhodesia. (Star, SOUTH AFRICA 6/6/70) The Times of 6/29/70 (London) South African entertainers, play reports that police with batons, as writes and producers have long been sisted by white spectators, attacked on watch for ways in which the cul non-white spectators after a rugby tural boycott imposed on their coun match in Kimberley, South Africa on try since theearly 1960's can be cir June 27. The attack occurred after cumvented. For example, the Johannes the non-white spectators had surged burg liberal theater establishment onto the field at the end of the game convinced American producer Harold to cheer the victorious New Zealand Prince to allow the segregated pro team. duction of CABARET to go on in South Africa with the compromise that Secret Table Tennis Tour by West Germans some of the royalties went to a Six West German table tennis players black South African theater group. visited South Africa in secret in June But it appears that the greatest suc to play against several South African cess in this realm has occurred with provincial teams. The team members the present tour of black American travelled incognito on what they soul singer described Percy Sledge. Initially as a "holiday." The President invited to South Africa with permis of the South African Table Tennis Union refused sion to perform before "non-whites", to give the names of the West Sledge's manager Ronnie Quibell Germans to the press. South re Africa was ceived the Government OK suspended to allow from the International Table Sledge to perform before all-white Tennis Federation in 1957 and overseas audiences also. While in Cape Town players who play South African teams on the first leg of an 8-week tour, risk suspension by the international Sledge lived body. (The Star, at an all-white hotel, 6/20/70) practising an unspoken and self imposed apartheid," (Cape Times, South African Non-White Games Boycotted 5/30/70) by eating in his room. Most top sports organizers and membersI There is no question that Sledge of the Johannesburg Urban Bantu Council has had an extremely successful tour, boycotted the South African Non-White although in a few cases, such as Games held in Johannesburg in May. These!Bloemfontein, capital of the Conser games, as well as those for Whites in" vative Orange Free State, he was not 1969, were organized by the South Afri granted permission to sing beftre can government to compensate for South whites. Manager Quibbell has in Africa's exclusion from the 1968 Olympic ferred that "if all goes well with Games. The Games were financed, in part, this tour and at the end the' overn by a grant from the Shell Petroleum Co. ment is happy", he will try to enable Lennox Mlonzi, Councillor of the Ur other black American performers toc ban Bantu Council, said of the games: with Sammy Davis being mentioned in "We are now going to be used to show particular (Cape Times, 6/11/70). the outside world how happy we are in The Cape Argus participating reports that Duke in racialist sport." Ellington may come to perform for non (Star, 5/9/70) whites in Johannesburg, to an expected crowd of 15,000 (9f permission is granted to have a mixed non-white audience, i.e. Africans and Coloureds together) ((/I0/70). Sledge's tour may be setting a -32 precedent. A -Coloured wrote from Cape anti -corporate actions Town: ",... I feel that the USA should A BRITISH ASSESSMENT be informed of his (Sledge's) du- During the spring of 1970 a number plicity... We would prefer a total of different U.S. groups focused at cultural boycott of South Africa.," tention on the military-industrial Sledge's response to accusations complex as embodied in the corporation that he is abetting racism in South Groups formed in Minneapolis into Africa (as expressed in a press re- the Honeywell Project whose major is lease issued by the American Committee sue was Honeywell's defense contracts; on Africa, cdlling upon his fans, the another group conducted a proxy fight press, etc. to let Percy and his ma- at the General Motors'Annual Meeting nagers know our feelings) is that he on the issue of corporate responsi is just an entertainer... No one is bility; local Pittsburgh and Southern just an entertainer, as has been Africa-concerned people aimed at shown in the sports world, particu- Gulf Oil Corporation highlighting larly in South Africa. that company's Angola involvement. These and a number ofother corpo MorSou er un Series rations may or may not become continui on Sout iern Africa -- targets of various segments of the Liberatin Struggle ignoreo Movement, but all even remotely in " ___volved in this tact should take note o0 a recent British establishment's The WashingtOn Post, New York Times, analysis of the potential effect of and Christian Science'Monitor have all British student and other protests run substantial series on South or against British firms investing in Southern Africa, and although all have South Africa. contained some helpful insights into C. Gordon Tether in the Financial colonial or white controlled struc- Times of 5/29/70 (before the Tory tures, attitudes and strategies, no victory) warns that it is dangerous to correspondent except Frederic Hunter simply laugh Off the "hate relationship of the CSM have dealt with the current that is developing between the two situation of the liberation movements. countries" (South Africa and the U.K.). It is intdresting to note, however, Tether points out that the "idealistic that a Copley News Service reporter, political bromide" of the "Stop the getting space in the conservative 70 Tour" groups with Government supporl San Diego Union,, in May ran a 3-part did worsen English-South African rela article onthe movements themselves, tions, and questions, "Is it purely their foreign ties, their internal coincidental that the stepping up of problems, the military strength of the anti-apartheid campaign against South Africa and Portugal, big power South Africa in Britain and America involvement, etc. (SDU, 4/26, 4/27 during the past year or so has been and 4/28/70). The major exception to accompanied by a sharp falling off in reporting on the liberation struggle was the inflow of foreign capital into the Chritian Science Monitor. In an the country? He then reveals that article entitled "Black-white lines "there have been American banks which harden" (4/29/70), Hunter surveyed the were known to be planning to make finar movements, emphasizing that the guer- available to South Africa have quietly rillas threaten the white minorities backed out when it was indicated to in the form of sabotage, frontal at- them that such involvement could provok tacks, and even through political 'demos' against their offices... Other education, military preparation and companies havetaken the view that, with establishing inside bases and organi- antagonism towards South Africa being zation. so engrgetically fanned, it would not -33- be in the best interests of their Mr. Hurd was nominated as a re pounds, shillings and pence to employ placement for Ambassador William more money there when there were other Rountree, a career foreign service uses to which it could be put with officer. hardly less profit." "If American foreign policy'toward Let's hope that the British anti the most troubled nation in Africa... apartheid efforts do continue, as well is going to reflect an interest in as those here. It appears-such anti assisting a solution to those crucial corporate action is indeed having its human problems, to express a concern effect! for the non-white majority there... this nomination can only be seen as a callous disregard for just solutions and human interest," Mr. Hightower told the Senators. issues now available Mr. Hightower said that the U.S. Embassy'in South Africa should not be I!CROFILM a training ground for prospective diplomats. "Pretoria is one of the crisis centres of the planet," he-said, "and U.S there is the pressing need for the Senate to pay closer attention to the 1 AMBAS entire diplomatic posture in South Africa." SADOR'S Senator John Tower (Dem.-Tex.) who introduced Mr, Hurd to the Committee, APPOINT att em ted to assure the'Senators that Mr. Hurd did not have any racial bias MENT by pointing out that he lived in an area of Texas where there was a pre ------%- DECRIED;------ponderence of Mexican-Americans. .ington: June IL, 1970. Reuter n official of.an American anti QUOTE OF THE MONTH: theid organization today criticized ident Nixon's nomination of Southern "We are building a nation for ionaire Mr. John Hurd as U.S. Ambas whites only, we have a right r to Pretoria as showing a callous to our own identity, just as egard for the problems of the black blacks and other non-whites rity in South Africa. have a right to theirs. Black .r.Charles Hightower, Director of people are entitled to poli Washington Office of the American tical rights, but only over ,ittee on Africa, told the Senate their own people--not my ign Relations Committee that Mr. people." lacked professional experience to ein such a sensitive post. Prime Minister John Vorster rging Senate rejection, Mr. High Speaking at an election rally r, a Negro, said he was concerned in Durban, 4/8/70 t the implications of the nomination (New York Times, 4/9/70) use the South African Government reported to be very pleased with the intment of the Southern conservative. -34 NOTES TO READERS:

1. Be sure and notice our new address. We have moved!

2. All "changes of address" should include tip codes . 3. Back issues of our Southern Africa Newsletter are now available on microfilm. Urge your school library to secure them.

4. We are stillfaccepting donations from readers to help allay the. costs of printing and mailing this superb newsletter!!!

5. For a comprehensive "Suggested Actions Paper" for groups interested in action around Southern Africa issues, write the Southern Africa Committee and enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope with 12€ in stamps !

6. Suggestions for "Feature Articles" that would be useful, or for a new title for our newsletter, will be greatly appreciated!!!

7. September 25 will mark the 6th anniversary of the start of armed struggle in Mozambique. There wll be a gathering on that date at 6:30 p.m. at the Church Center for the United Nations, 777 UN Plaza, to affirm solidarity with Mrelimo. 8. On the evening of September 16 there will be a demonstration around Madison Square Garden to denounce British imperialism, particularly the decision to sell arms to South Africa. Two British drum and buggle regiments will be performing at the Garden as part of a 3-month tour.

Southern Africa Committee 637 West 125th Street New York, N. Y. 10027 July-August 1970