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Niseras MONFRERE Alec Smith niSERAS MONFRERE Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines, Abidjan Editions de Caux (Suisse) La version originale a ete publiee dans la collection Marshalls Paperbacks par Marshall Morgan and Scott, Basingstokc, Hants, Anglctcrrc. © by Alec Smith and Rebecca de Saintonge,1984 ISBN 0 551 01079 7 Public en frangais en coedition par: Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines, Abidjan (Cote d'lvoire) ISBN 2 7236 0786 0 Les Editions de Caux, 1824 Caux (Suisse) ISBN 2 88037 018 3 © Editions de Caux et Les Nouvelles Editions Afri caines, 1986, pour la version frangaise. Traduit de 1'anglais par Eliane Stallybrass et Charles Piguet Photo de couverture: Lars Rengfelt. De la Rhodesie au Zimbabwe Points de repere historiques 1890. Une petite troupe de colons blancs traverse le fleuve Limpopo et penetre dans le territoire qui est aujourd'hui le Zimbabwe. Sur un haut-plateau, ils fondent la ville de Salisbury (aujourd'hui Harare). Ils sont les emissaires d'un prospecteur de diamants anglais, Cecil Rhodes, qui reve d'une domination bri- tannique sur toute I'Afrique australe. Celui-ci donne son nom au pays qui devient, malgre la resistance armee des deux principales tribus, possession de la British South Africa Company, fondee par Rhodes. 1923. A la suite du vote d'un electorat a predominance europeenne, la Rhodesie renonce a rejoindre I'Union Sud-Africaine et devient une colonie britannique auto- 1965. En reaction contre les efforts de Londres en faveur d'une integration progressive des populations noires, le Front Rhodesien, qui reunit la majorite des Blancs sous la houlette de Ian Smith, proclame I'inde- pendance. Get acte, condamne universellement, conduit a des sanctions economiques. A I'interieur, la majorite noire s'organise. Une opposition armee se developpe au sein de la Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)conduite par Robert Mugabe et basee au Mozambique, et la Zimbabwe Africa People's Union (ZAPU) de Joshua Nkomo, basee en Zambie. 1976. Les deux mouvements ZANU et ZAPU s'unis- sent pour former le Front patriotique. 1978. Ian Smith tente un accord avec les Africains moderes, notamment avec I'eveque Abel Muzorewa qui, en mai 1979, le remplace comme premier minis- tre. La guerilla se renforce. Malgre la loi martiale, on denombre un millier de morts par mois. Aout 1979. Les chefs de gouvernement du Common wealth se rencontrent a Lusaka, en Zambie. Les par ties en presence en Rhodesie acceptent de se rencon- trer sous la presidence du Secretaire au Foreign Office, Lord Carrington. Les negociations out lieu en septem- bre de la meme annee au Lancaster House, a Londres. Elles reunissent Ian Smith et les representants du Front Rhodesien, ainsi que Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo et les representants du Front patriotique. 21 decembre 1979. Un accord est signe qui conduit au cessez-le-feu une semaine plus tard. Mars 1980. Tous les partis, africains ou blancs, partici- pent a des elections generates qui sont supervisees par un gouverneur britannique, Lord Soames, et par une force civile et militaire des pays du Commonwealth. Robert Mugabe I'emporte a une large majorite. 17 ami 1980. Le nouveau Zimbabwe est proclame independant. Robert Mugabe devient premier minis- tre. Le pays est reconnu par la communaute Internatio nale. 1. Un debut sans histoire Je ne me cherche pas d'excuses. J'aurais tout aussi mal tourne avec un autre pere. Cast en moi qua cela clochait at ja na paux blamar parsonna. Las gans imaginant qua, parca qua men para etait premier ministra, nous etions tres sophistiques. Ils out tort. Papa etait avant tout un homma da la terra. Et moi, un vrai fils da paysan. J'aidais aux moissons, a la cuaillatta du tabac, ja nourrissais las eochons, ja eaho- tais avac lui dans la camionnatta at racaompagnais la soir dans sa promenade ritualla avant la eouehar du solail. Pendant mas premieres anneas, ja na la quittais pratiquamant pas. II souffrait eontinuallamant. Nous, las anfants, la savions. Pilota da la Royal Air Force pendant la guarra 11 avait ate abattu deux fois. La premiere an Afriqua du Nord. Son visage avait ate horriblamant tumefie at il avait du subir das operations da chirurgia asthetiqua. La dauxiema fois, c'etait an Italia. II avait au las jambas briseas at gravamant bruleas. Pourtant, il continua da sa battra pendant six mois avac las parti sans Italians darriera las lignas allamandas avant da travarsar las Alpas pour rajoindra las Forces Allieas. Mais il na sa remit jamais completamant at, au plus fort da I'ete, il cachait toujours sas jambas sous das pantalons longs. A nos yaux, il etait un heros. La maison oii habitant encore mas parents ast, comma toutas las farmas rhodesiannas, construita sur un etaga. Toutas las pieces communiquant. Ella fut agrandia au fur at a masura qua la familla at nos ravanus augmantaiant. Ella ast racouvarta da tola at flanquea d'una viailla veranda protegee das mousti- quas par un traillis. Ma mere ne se tracassait pas outre mesure pour le menage. Nous vivions dans un sympathique desordre. Des aquarelles, pendues n'importe comment, palis- saient au fil des ans; des livres s'alignaient sans fin - le salon en est pratiquement tapisse - et dans tous les coins, on butait sur des jouets ou de vieilles cornes de vaches, des plumes de pintades, des pierres et autres tresors que les enfants collectionnent toujours. Le domaine de pres de trois mille hectares est situe dans les collines de Selukwe. En pleine savane. Une terre de broussailles et de cailloux, parsemee de gros rochers partiellement enterres. Avant de la cultiver, 11 avait fallu abattre les arbustes, arracher les racines, tamiser chaque metre carre de terre. Aujourd'hui, on volt les grands arbres a fleurs que mes parents ont plantes autour de la maison et, a I'arriere-plan, les montagnes de Longwe. Nos journees s'ecoulaient selon un rythme precis, en partie a cause de la chaleur. Mon pere etait au travail a 6h.30 et s'arretait a 10h.30. On se retrouvait alors dans la veranda pour prendre le the avec des brioches grillees. Papa, dans ses vieux vetements de travail, s'entretenait avec le fermier des taches a accomplir. Les chiens se prelassaient a ses pieds. Au debut, il elevait des pores de race, du betail et quelques chevaux. Puis 11 planta du tabac et plus tard un mais superbe, pale et succulent, qui est la nourri- ture de base des Africains. Comme mon pere qui etait depute passait plusieurs mois par an dans la capitale, ma mere avait du appren- dre a se debrouiller. Peu de gens imaginent ce que cela voulait dire pour elle. Tres intelligente et cultivee, elle etait habituee a la vie citadine. Elle aimait le theatre, les concerts et les mondanites. Elle avait eu un premier marl qui etait medecin et international de rugby. Un jour, alors que leurs deux enfants etaient encore tout jeunes, elle avait regu un appel telephonique lui annongant que son mari avait eu un accident lors d'un match. II s'etait rompu le ecu et etait mort. Avec son second mari, elle devait vivre dans une ferme, loin de tout, a sept kilometres des Blancs les plus proches et a quinze kilometres d'une agglomera tion. L'unique route etait souvent inondee pendant la saison des pluies. Maman passait done des jours et meme des semaines seule avec nous et une poignee d'ouvriers de ferme. II fallait du courage pour aceepter cet isolement. Je passais le plus clair de mon temps avec les enfants des ouvriers africains car mes demi-frere et soeur etaient plus ages que moi. Nous ne nous quittions pas. Ils etaient tres forts pour manier les longs fouets qu'on utilise pour conduire les boeufs. Meme en m'exergant beaucoup, je ne suis jamais arrive a les faire claquer aussi bien qu'eux. Pendant la cueillette du mais. Papa nous permettait de mener I'enorme char a boeufs. Nous nous prenions pour des conducteurs romains, debout sur le char, agitant les renes en poussant des cris de vietoire. Et pourtant, malgre cette camaraderie avec des gosses africains, ce n'est que vingt ans plus tard que j'ai invite un Noir a prendre le the chez moi. Durant mon enfance, les seuls Africains qui penetraient chez nous etaient les domestiques. Les autres n'y avaient pas droit. Nous n'aimions pas la chasse. Cependant, il fallait bien tuer les chacals et les leopards qui massacraient le betail, les sangliers et les babouins qui arrachaient le mats. Papa preferait admirer les betes sauvages plutot que de les tuer. Cela ne nous empechait pas, mon frere Rob et moi, pendant les vacances scolaires, de partir avec nos fusils a air comprime et de viser les lezards barioles qui se chauffaient sur les pierres, ou les tisse- rins qui, pour profiter de la moindre brise, construi- saient leurs nids dans le prolongement extreme des branches qui ployaient sous le poids. Nous les regar- dions arracher les feuilles pour que les serpents ne puissent pas s'approcher d'eux a convert. A midi, dans la chaleur etouffante de Fete, la vie s'arretait. Chacun se dispersait et le silence envahissait tout. Le soleil brulait nos rares brins d'herbe. Les etourneaux faisaient miroiter le soleil sur leurs plumes brillantes. Je les regardais de ma fenetre en attendant que la vie reprenne. En ete, il fallait reunir le betail une fois par semaine pour le debarrasser des tiques porteuses de microbes. Nous, les gosses, encerclions le troupeau pour le faire entrer avec force coups de batons dans une enceinte ou se trouvait un grand bac.
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