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Historical Uses of Saffron: Identifying Potential New Avenues for Modern Research
id8484906 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ISSN : 0974 - 7508 Volume 7 Issue 4 NNaattuurraall PPrrAoon dIdnduuian ccJotutrnssal Trade Science Inc. Full Paper NPAIJ, 7(4), 2011 [174-180] Historical uses of saffron: Identifying potential new avenues for modern research S.Zeinab Mousavi1, S.Zahra Bathaie2* 1Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, (IRAN) 2Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, (IRAN) E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received: 20th June, 2011 ; Accepted: 20th July, 2011 ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Background: During the ancient times, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) had Saffron; many uses around the world; however, some of them were forgotten Iran; ’s uses came back into attention during throughout the history. But saffron Ancient medicine; the past few decades, when a new interest in natural active compounds Herbal medicine; arose. It is supposed that understanding different uses of saffron in past Traditional medicine. can help us in finding the best uses for today. Objective: Our objective was to review different uses of saffron throughout the history among different nations. Results: Saffron has been known since more than 3000 years ago by many nations. It was valued not only as a culinary condiment, but also as a dye, perfume and as a medicinal herb. Its medicinal uses ranged from eye problems to genitourinary and many other diseases in various cul- tures. It was also used as a tonic agent and antidepressant drug among many nations. Conclusion(s): Saffron has had many different uses such as being used as a food additive along with being a palliative agent for many human diseases. -
Hofmann-De Keijzer R Et Al. 2013.Pdf
Kapitel 6: Expertenberichte 6.1 Die Farben und Färbetechniken der prähistorischen Textilien aus dem Salzbergbau Hallstatt Chapter 6: Analysis reports 6.1 The colours and dyeing techniques of prehistoric textiles from the salt mines of Hallstatt REGINA HOFMANN-DE KEIJZER, Maarten R. van BOMMEL, INEKE JOOSTEN, ANNA Hartl, Art NÉSS PROAÑO GAIBOR, ANDREAS G. HEISS, Robert KRALOFSKY, RUDOLF ERLACH, SUZAN DE GROOT Die blauen, gelben, grünen, olivgrünen, Blue, yellow, green, olive-green, red-brown, rotbraunen, dunkelbrauen und schwarzen dark brown and black – the textile finds from Hallstätter Textilfunde der Bronze- und Eisenzeit Bronze and Iron Age Hallstatt display the sind Zeugnisse der Farbenvielfalt prähistorischer colour diversity of prehistoric textiles. These Textilien. Dank der konservierenden Wirkung des objects and their colours have survived due to Salzes und des im Salzbergwerk herrschenden the preservative effects of salt and the constant konstanten Klimas blieben die Textilien und ihre climatic conditions in the mines. They allow Farben erhalten. Sie ermöglichen einen Blick in throwing a glance on the beginnings of textile den Anfang der Textilfärberei im europäischen dyeing in Europe. Raum. The Hallstatt textiles first underwent dye Im Jahre 2001 fanden die ersten analysis in 2001 (WALTON ROGERS 2001). farbstoffanalytischen Untersuchungen an Subsequently, between 2002 and 2012, various Hallstatt-Textilien statt (WALTON ROGERS interdisciplinary research projects examined 2001). Zwischen 2002 und 2012 widmeten coloured Bronze and Iron Age textile fragments sich verschiedene interdisziplinäre Forschungs- from the Hallstatt salt mines. The projects projekte der Untersuchung von farbigen bronze- brought together the Natural History Museum und eisenzeitlichen Textilfragmenten aus dem Vienna, the University of Applied Arts Vienna, Salzbergbau Hallstatt. -
9780748668502 the Queen Of
The Queen of Sheba’s Gift Edinburgh Studies in Classical Islamic History and Culture Series Editor: Carole Hillenbrand A particular feature of medieval Islamic civilisation was its wide horizons. The Muslims fell heir not only to the Graeco-Roman world of the Mediterranean, but also to that of the ancient Near East, to the empires of Assyria, Babylon and the Persians; and beyond that, they were in frequent contact with India and China to the east and with black Africa to the south. This intellectual openness can be sensed in many interrelated fields of Muslim thought, and it impacted powerfully on trade and on the networks that made it possible. Books in this series reflect this openness and cover a wide range of topics, periods and geographical areas. Titles in the series include: Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Defining Anthropomorphism Mediterranean Medicine Livnat Holtzman Zohar Amar and Efraim Lev Making Mongol History Towards a History of Libraries in Yemen Stefan Kamola Hassan Ansari and Sabine Schmidtke Lyrics of Life The Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo, 1261–1517 Fatemeh Keshavarz Mustafa Banister Art, Allegory and The Rise of Shiism In Iran, The Medieval Western Maghrib 1487–1565 Amira K. Bennison Chad Kia Christian Monastic Life in Early Islam The Administration of Justice in Bradley Bowman Medieval Egypt Keeping the Peace in Premodern Islam Yaacov Lev Malika Dekkiche The Queen of Sheba’s Gift Queens, Concubines and Eunuchs in Marcus Milwright Medieval Islam Ruling from a Red Canopy Taef El-Azhari Colin P. Mitchell Islamic Political -
The Minoan Use and Social Significance of Saffron and Crocus Flowers
Rachel Dewan Bronze Age Flower Power: The Minoan Use and Social Significance of Saffron and Crocus Flowers Rachel Dewan While iconography of the natural world abounds in the art of the Bronze Age Minoan culture, one plant seems particularly prevalent; represented on ceramics, in wall-paintings, and on votive objects are numerous depictions of the crocus flower. The saffron spice, a product of the flower, was carefully recorded in Linear B texts, testifying to its importance as a valuable economic commodity, but its inclusion in highly detailed iconographic representations and the contexts within which they were found attest to a significance that extended beyond commercial import. Particularly associated with women in the spheres of Minoan industry, medicine, and religion, the pervasive importance of saffron and the crocus flower made it not only a valuable commodity throughout the Bronze Age Mediterranean world, but also an integral part of culture and identity for Minoan women. 42 Chronika Bronze Age Flower Power Introduction With floral scrolls, marine motifs, animal iconography, and vast landscapes evident in much of Minoan art, a connection between Minoan art and nature has been noted by scholars since Sir Arthur Evans first uncovered the remains of this Bronze Age culture in 1900.1 Indeed, the interpretation of the natural world’s significance to the Minoans has been perpetuated by the numerous depictions of Aegean flora and fauna, even exaggerated to the extent that the Minoans are sometimes referred to as the “hippies of the ancient world.”2 As overstated as this characterization may be, the natural world was clearly of great Figure 1: Map of the Aegean with significant Late Bronze significance for the Minoans, and further Age sites. -
Saffron Administration Prevents Selenite-Induced Cataractogenesis
Molecular Vision 2013; 19:1188-1197 <http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v19/1188> © 2013 Molecular Vision Received 5 January 2013 | Accepted 28 May 2013 | Published 30 May 2013 Saffron administration prevents selenite-induced cataractogenesis Olga E. Makri,1 Anastasia-Varvara Ferlemi,2 Fotini N. Lamari,2 Constantine D. Georgakopoulos1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; 2Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Purpose: The present study sought to investigate whether Crocus sativus stigmas (saffron) extract prevents selenium- induced cataractogenesis in vivo, and to study its possible protective mechanism. Methods: Wistar rat pups were randomized into three groups. Group I (control) received subcutaneous injection of normal saline on postnatal day 10. Groups II (selenite-treated) and III (selenite+saffron-treated) received subcutane- ous injection of sodium selenite (20 µmol/kg body weight) on postnatal day 10. Group III also received intraperitoneal injections of saffron extract (60 mg/kg body weight) on postnatal days 9 and 12. On postpartum day 21, rats were sacri- ficed and the lenses were isolated and examined for cataract formation. Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels, as markers of antioxidant defense, were measured in the isolated lenses. Levels of the indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, and protein oxidation (sulfhydryl content) in the lens were also determined. The effect of the different treatments on lens protein profile was evaluated through an estimation of the soluble to insoluble protein ratio and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of lens proteins. -
Miles Lewis Jolimont in Context
Journal of the C. J. La Trobe Society Inc. Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2010 ISSN 1447-4026 La Trobeana is kindly sponsored by Mr Peter Lovell LOVELL CHEN ARCHITECTS & HERITAGE CONSULTANTS LOVELL CHEN PTY LTD, 35 LITTLE BOURKE STREET, MELBOURNE 3000, AUSTRALIA Tel +61 (0)3 9667 0800 FAX +61 (0)3 9662 1037 ABN 20 005 803 494 La Trobeana Journal of the C J La Trobe Society Inc. Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2010 Editor: Loreen Chambers ISSN 1447-4026 Editorial Committee Mrs Loreen Chambers Dr Dianne Reilly Ms Robyn Riddett For contributions and subscription enquiries contact: The Honorary Secretary The La Trobe Society PO Box 65 Port Melbourne, Vic 3207 Phone: 9646 2112 FRONT COVER Thomas Woolner, 1825 – 1892, sculptor Charles Joseph La Trobe 1853, diam. 24.0cm. Bronze portrait medallion showing the left profile of Charles Joseph La Trobe. Signature and date incised in bronze I.I.: T. Woolner. Sc. 1853:/M La Trobe, Charles Joseph, 1801 – 1875. Accessioned 1894 La Trobe Picture Collection, State Library of Victoria. CONTENTS Introduction Articles Miles Lewis Jolimont in Context. 2 John Adams Welcome to The La Trobe Society at the Athenaeum Club, 11 December, 2009. 13 Helen MacDonald Henry Condell: Melbourne's first mayor. 14 John Dwyer C J La Trobe's Medicine Chest. 18 Museum of Australia Rose Pellet's Embroidery Sampler: a research report 32 Jennifer Bantow Charles Joseph La Trobe Employees: a research report. 34 Illustrations 20 & 21 Reports and Notices A Word from the Treasurer 36 Friends of La Trobe's Cottage 36 Forthcoming Events 38 Huguenot Society of Australia Inc. -
Saffron, an Alternative Crop for Sustainable Agricultural Systems. a Review F
Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review F. Gresta, G.M. Lombardo, L. Siracusa, G. Ruberto To cite this version: F. Gresta, G.M. Lombardo, L. Siracusa, G. Ruberto. Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sci- ences/INRA, 2008, 28 (1), pp.95-112. hal-00886393 HAL Id: hal-00886393 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886393 Submitted on 1 Jan 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 28 (2008) 95–112 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2007 www.agronomy-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/agro:2007030 Review article Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. Areview F. Gresta1*,G.M.Lombardo1,L.Siracusa2,G.Ruberto2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy 2 Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via del Santuario 110, 95028 Valverde CT, Italy (Accepted 31 May 2007) Abstract –Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an autumnal flowering geophite whose dried stigmas, well known for their aromatic and colouring power, have been used since immemorial time as a spice in human nutrition, for medicinal purposes and as a dye. -
Cannabis in the Ancient World Chris Bennet
Cannabis in the Ancient World Chris Bennet The role of cannabis in the ancient world was manifold, a food, fiber, medicine and as a magically empowered religious sacrament. In this paper the focus will be on archaic references to cannabis use as both a medicine and a sacrament, rather than as a source of food or fiber, and it’s role in a variety of Ancient cultures in this context will be examined. Unfortunately, due to the deterioration of plant matter archeological evidence is sparse and “Pollen records are frequently unreliable, due to the difficulty in distinguishing between hemp and hop pollen” (Scott, Alekseev, Zaitseva, 2004). Despite these difficulties in identification some remains of cannabis fiber, cannabis beverages utensils, seeds of cannabis and burnt cannabis have been located (burnt cannabis has been carbonized and this preserves identifiable fragments of the species). Fortunately other avenues of research regarding the ancient use of cannabis remain open, and etymological evidence regarding cannabis use in a number of cultures has been widely recognized and accepted. After nearly a lifetime of research into the role of psychoactive plants in human history the late Harvard University Professor of ethnobotany, Richard Evans Schultes commented: "Early man experimented with all plant materials that he could chew and could not have avoided discovering the properties of cannabis (marijuana), for in his quest for seeds and oil, he certainly ate the sticky tops of the plant. Upon eating hemp, the euphoric, ecstatic and hallucinatory aspects may have introduced man to the other-worldly plane from which emerged religious beliefs, perhaps even the concept of deity. -
Linnaeus' Philosophia Botanica
linnaeus’ Philosophia Botanica STEPHEN FREER Stephen Freer, born at Little Compton in1920, was a classical scholar at Eton and Trinity College Cambridge. In 1940, he was approached by the Foreign Office and worked at Bletchley Park and in London. Later, Stephen was employed by the Historical Manuscripts Commission, retiring in 1962 due to ill health. He has continued to work since then, first as a volunteer for the MSS department of the Bodleian Library with Dr William Hassall, and then on a part-time basis at the Oxfordshire County Record. In 1988, he was admitted as a lay reader in the Diocese of Oxford. His previous book was a translation of Wharton’s Adenographia, published by OUP in 1996. A fellow of the Linneau Society of London, Stephen lives with his wife Frederica in Gloucestershire. They have a daughter, Isabel. COVER ILLUSTRATION Rosemary Wise, who designed and painted the garland of flowers on the book cover, is the botanical illustrator in the Department of Plant Sciences in the University of Oxford, associate staff at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and a fellow of the Linneau Society of London. In1932 Carl Linnaeus made an epic journey to Lapland, the vast area across arctic Norway, Sweden, and Finland. In 1988, to mark the bicentenary of the Linneau Society of London, a group from Great Britain and Sweden retraced his route. Rosemary, was the official artist and the flowers featured here are taken from ones painted at that time, plants with which Linnaeus would have been familiar. The garland of flowers surrounds an image of the medallion portrait of Linnaeus by C. -
Chemical and Biological Properties of the World's Most Expensive Spice: Saffron
Food Research International 43 (2010) 1981–1989 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Research International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodres Review Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron John P. Melnyk, Sunan Wang, Massimo F. Marcone ⁎ Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 article info abstract Article history: Saffron (Crocus sativus, L.) is traditionally used as a coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown Received 29 March 2010 its potential to promote health. The constituents of interest include crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal Accepted 29 July 2010 which have all demonstrated health promoting properties. Previous studies have found that biological activity of saffron constituents alleviate or prevent such health problems as gastric disorders, cardiovascular Keywords: disease, insulin resistance, depression, premenstrual syndrome, insomnia, and anxiety. Saffron also shows Saffron promise in the prevention and maintenance of cancer due to its antioxidant properties. The present review Crocus sativus Crocin article highlights the constituents that are important in the treatment of each disorder as well as the fi Crocetin mechanisms. Many of the studies were conducted using puri ed forms of the constituents or completed on Picrocrocin animal subjects. The need for human subjects using saffron in its natural form is evident to determine the Safranal possible health benefits of dietary saffron. Antioxidant © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Health Spice Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................. 1981 2. Chemistry of saffron .......................................................... 1982 2.1. Chemical composition of saffron ................................................. 1982 2.2. Extraction and purification of saffron's bioactive constituents .................................. -
Medicinal Plants and Extracts from Differing Origins As Form Structure and Biochemical Activity May Differ Considerably Between Very Similar Products
BULLETIN MNS December 2011 MEDICINAL PLANTS AND EXTRACTS MARKET NEWS SERVICE (MNS) QUARTERLY EDITION 1 Disclaimer This report has been prepared without formal editing, as a service to exporters and industries in developing countries by the Market News Service (MNS), Division of Market Development, International Trade Centre, The Joint Agency of the World Trade Organization and The United Nations. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Trade Centre. The mention of specific companies or of certain commercial products and brand names does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITC in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre concerning the legal status of any Country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Prepared by Josef Brinckmann & Associates ITC Consultant Contacts for Medicinal Plants & Extracts Information Providers: Market intelligence, production and trade data, regulatory news, standards and specifications: Mr. Josef Brinckmann at [email protected] Botanical prices, currency rates, trade event listings, global directory of herbal trade associations: Ms. Tasha Goldberg at [email protected] Cover Picture: Senna plant (Cassia angustifolia) ©2007 Steven Foster. For more information on medicinal and aromatic plant photography by Steven Foster Group, Inc., please visit: http://www.stevenfoster.com 2 EDITORS NOTE MNS Medicinal Plant and Extracts report is a formatted version of a news and information bulletin prepared by the International Trade Centre to promote international trade in medicinal plants and botanical extracts. -
Sweetgum in New York City
New York City EcoFlora Liquidambar styraciflua L. American Sweetgum Description: Tree to about 35 m tall with a conical or broad crown; bark thick, dark brown, rough and platy; twigs corky. Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous, on long petioles; blades palmately 5-lobed (rarely 7-lobed), to about 15 cm wide, the margins finely serrate. Flowers monoecious, staminate inflorescences 5–10 cm long; carpellate flowers numerous in globose heads. Fruit tightly packed capsules, becoming woody, 3–4 cm diam, the two styles hard and sharp-pointed. Seeds 1–2 per capsule, winged, about 3 mm long, Where Found: Connecticut and New York, through much of the southeast to east Texas, also in the mountains of Mexico, Guatemala, Honudras and Nicaragua; bottomlands. In New York City, naturally occurring American Sweetgum often occur as colonies on rich floodplains, but may also be a pioneer species in diverse conditions. They frequently cultivated in streets, parks and gardens. The species is ranked 6 out of 10 in habitat specificity (0 being the least specific) by the New York Natural Heritage Program. Natural History: The trees are a critical resource for numerous organisms, from fungi to large mammals. American Sweetgums are a larval food source for Luna Moths and thirty-five other caterpillars; Beavers, Mice and Rabbits eat the bark; Deer browse the foliage; Squirrels, Chipmunks and at least twenty-five species of birds eat the seeds. Seed cavities inside the fruit harbor insects that are consumed by hungry birds in winter. Cultural History: Just before his death in 1804, the founding father Alexandar Hamilton planted thirteen Sweetgum trees at the Grange, his estate in Harlem, New York.