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Kapampángan Or Capampáńgan
Kapampángan or Capampáñgan: Settling the Dispute on the Kapampángan Romanized Orthography Michael Raymon M. Pangilinan [email protected] Abstract Is it Kapampángan or Capampáñgan? This petty squabble over orthography has for the past sixty years confused and discouraged native speakers from reading and writing their own native language. It is partly responsible for the retardation of Kapampangan/Capampangan literature and has thus far only promoted illiteracy rather than literacy. This paper aims to present in historical perspective the root causes of this problem and somehow discover a means to resolve it. 1. Introduction For the past sixty years, there exists an ongoing debate on what orthographic system should be used to properly represent the Kapampángan Language. The conclusion of this dispute is far from being resolved. The purpose of the paper is to: a) show the beginnings and development of the conflict in a historical perspective b) present a glimpse of its adverse effects on the current status of the Kapampángan Language and Literature c) present the initial attempts at synthesis and the possible reasons why they have not yet succeeded d) open and present the issue to outside experts (nonKapampángans) so as to receive suggestions on a possible resolution at an intellectual and not an emotional level. 1.1. The Adverse Effects of the Conflict on Kapampángan Literacy The conflict has severely affected the current status of Kapampángan literature. Up to the present, the debate has become an emotional issue and not an intellectual one. Kapampángan publications became the first casualties. Newly published works were publicly attacked merely for the orthography they used and not by their literary merits. -
Death by Garrote Waiting in Line at the Security Checkpoint Before Entering
Death by Garrote Waiting in line at the security checkpoint before entering Malacañang, I joined Metrobank Foundation director Chito Sobrepeña and Retired Justice Rodolfo Palattao of the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan who were discussing how to inspire the faculty of the Unibersidad de Manila (formerly City College of Manila) to become outstanding teachers. Ascending the grand staircase leading to the ceremonial hall, I told Justice Palattao that Manuel Quezon never signed a death sentence sent him by the courts because of a story associated with these historic steps. Quezon heard that in December 1896 Jose Rizal's mother climbed these steps on her knees to see the governor-general and plead for her son's life. Teodora Alonso's appeal was ignored and Rizal was executed in Bagumbayan. At the top of the stairs, Justice Palattao said "Kinilabutan naman ako sa kinuwento mo (I had goosebumps listening to your story)." Thus overwhelmed, he missed Juan Luna's Pacto de Sangre, so I asked "Ilan po ang binitay ninyo? (How many people did you sentence to death?)" "Tatlo lang (Only three)", he replied. At that point we were reminded of retired Sandiganbayan Justice Manuel Pamaran who had the fearful reputation as The Hanging Judge. All these morbid thoughts on a cheerful morning came from the morbid historical relics I have been contemplating recently: a piece of black cloth cut from the coat of Rizal wore to his execution, a chipped piece of Rizal's backbone displayed in Fort Santiago that shows where the fatal bullet hit him, a photograph of Ninoy Aquino's bloodstained shirt taken in 1983, the noose used to hand General Yamashita recently found in the bodega of the National Museum. -
The Honorees of Rizal
THE HONOREES OF RIZAL By Sir Eliseo B. Barja, KOR Knight of Rizal, Malaya Chapter The national hero of the Philippines, Dr. Jose Rizal, great as he was, did not fail to give honor to others he believed deserved their due. Unlike other great men in history, his acts and writings reveal how he placed his honorees’ names in high pedestals of accolade. These people were his own race, which he always maintained as equal to or at par with other races. Father: Don Francisco Mercado Rizal First of these honorees was his own father, Don Francisco Mercado Rizal. Dr. Rizal did not simply praise his father; in fact he was so modest in giving praises. He affectionately called him “a model of fathers” as he was quoted in his biography by historian Gregorio F. Zaide. But it was evident in his writings while he was traveling that he always wanted that his parents be taken care of. Then In his last letter to his brother Paciano, dated December 29, 1896, a day before his execution, he said: “My dear Brother, Now I am about to die, and it is to you that I dedicate my last lines, to tell you how sad I am to leave you alone in life, burdened with the weight of the family and our old parents… Tell our father that I remember him! And how I remember my whole childhood, of his affection and his love. Ask him to forgive me for the pain that I have unwillingly caused him.” And on the following day, December 30, just two hours before his execution, Rizal wrote his father in part: “My beloved Father, Pardon me for the pain with which I repay you for your sorrows and sacrifices for my education. -
The Development of the Philippine Foreign Service
The Development of the Philippine Foreign Service During the Revolutionary Period and the Filipino- American War (1896-1906): A Story of Struggle from the Formation of Diplomatic Contacts to the Philippine Republic Augusto V. de Viana University of Santo Tomas The Philippine foreign service traces its origin to the Katipunan in the early 1890s. Revolutionary leaders knew that the establishment of foreign contacts would be vital to the success of the objectives of the organization as it struggles toward the attainment of independence. This was proven when the Katipunan leaders tried to secure the support of Japanese and German governments for a projected revolution against Spain. Some patriotic Filipinos in Hong Kong composed of exiles also supported the Philippine Revolution.The organization of these exiled Filipinos eventually formed the nucleus of the Philippine Central Committee, which later became known as the Hong Kong Junta after General Emilio Aguinaldo arrived there in December 1897. After Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines in May 1898, he issued a decree reorganizing his government and creating four departments, one of which was the Department of Foreign Relations, Navy, and Commerce. This formed the basis of the foundation of the present Department of Foreign Affairs. Among the roles of this office was to seek recognition from foreign countries, acquire weapons and any other needs of the Philippine government, and continue lobbying for support from other countries. It likewise assigned emissaries equivalent to today’s ambassadors and monitored foreign reactions to the developments in the Philippines. The early diplomats, such as Felipe Agoncillo who was appointed as Minister Plenipotentiary of the revolutionary government, had their share of hardships as they had to make do with meager means. -
CONTENT and CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS of SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCES LEARNING OBJECTIVES: at the End of the Topic Sessi
GE1712 TOPIC TITLE: CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCES LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the topic session, the students should be able to: LO4: Construct a comparison between the context of the primary sources to the current situation of the country; and LO5: Integrate the contributions of the various primary sources in understanding Philippine history. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT: o Computer with speakers o LCD projector o File/s (02 Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources) 02 LCD Slides 1.ppsx 02 Handout 1.pdf 02 Handout 2.pdf 02 Activity 1.pdf 02 Activity 2.pdf 02 Quiz 1 Answer Key.pdf 02 Quiz 1.pdf 02 Video 1.pdf 02 Worksheet 1.pdf o Software requirements MS PowerPoint Windows Media Player / VLC Media Player TOPIC PREPARATION: o The instructor must have an open communication with the students since they will be the ones who will be discussing the following case points in this module, as well as provide seatworks. Therefore, provide the students with appropriate rubrics should they decide to have an essay as seatwork. o The instructor must review the following case points to aid the students during their reciprocal teaching: Antonio Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the World Juan de Plasencia’s Customs of the Tagalogs Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilla ng Katipunan Emilio Aguinaldo’s Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan National Historical Institute’s Documents of the 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence, The Malolos Constitution, and the First Philippine Republic Content and Contextual Analysis -
'Unfinished Revolution' in Philippine Political Discourse Author(S)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Title The 'Unfinished Revolution' in Philippine Political Discourse Author(s) Ileto, Reynold C. Citation 東南アジア研究 (1993), 31(1): 62-82 Issue Date 1993-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56488 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 31, No. I, June 1993 The 'Unfinished Revolution' in Philippine Political Discourse Reynaldo C. ILETo * The February 1986 event that led to Marcos's downfall is usually labelled as the "February Revolution" or the "EDSA Revolution." On the other hand, all sorts of analyses have argued to the effect that the "EDSA Revolution" cannot be called a revolution, that it can best be described as a form of regime-change, a coup d'etat, a restoration, and so forth [see Carino 1986]. Yet to the hundreds of thousands of Filipinos from all social classes who massed on the streets that week there seemed to be no doubt that they were "making revolution" and that they were participating in "people power." For the revolution to be, it sufficed for them to throw caution aside (bahala na), to confront the tanks and guns of the state, to experience a couple of hours of solidarity with the anonymous crowd, and to participate in exorcising the forces of darkness (i. e., the Marcos regime). Should the business of naming the event a "revolution" be understood, then, simply in terms of its political referent? Whatever the reality of the processes enveloping them, the crowds on EDSA seemed to readily interpret or locate their experience within a familiar discourse of revolution and mass action. -
Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914
Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914 by M. Carmella Cadusale Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2016 Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914 M. Carmella Cadusale I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: M. Carmella Cadusale, Student Date Approvals: Dr. L. Diane Barnes, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. David Simonelli, Committee Member Date Dr. Helene Sinnreich, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT Filipino culture was founded through the amalgamation of many ethnic and cultural influences, such as centuries of Spanish colonization and the immigration of surrounding Asiatic groups as well as the long nineteenth century’s Race of Nations. However, the events of 1898 to 1914 brought a sense of national unity throughout the seven thousand islands that made the Philippine archipelago. The Philippine-American War followed by United States occupation, with the massive domestic support on the ideals of Manifest Destiny, introduced the notion of distinct racial ethnicities and cemented the birth of one national Philippine identity. The exploration on the Philippine American War and United States occupation resulted in distinguishing the three different analyses of identity each influenced by events from 1898 to 1914: 1) The identity of Filipinos through the eyes of U.S., an orientalist study of the “us” versus “them” heavily influenced by U.S. -
Producing Rizal: Negotiating Modernity Among the Filipino Diaspora in Hawaii
PRODUCING RIZAL: NEGOTIATING MODERNITY AMONG THE FILIPINO DIASPORA IN HAWAII A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ASIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2014 By Ai En Isabel Chew Thesis Committee: Patricio Abinales, Chairperson Cathryn Clayton Vina Lanzona Keywords: Filipino Diaspora, Hawaii, Jose Rizal, Modernity, Rizalista Sects, Knights of Rizal 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………..…5 Chapter 1 Introduction: Rizal as a Site of Contestation………………………………………………………………………………………....6 Methodology ..................................................................................................................18 Rizal in the Filipino Academic Discourse......................................................................21 Chapter 2 Producing Rizal: Interactions on the Trans-Pacific Stage during the American Colonial Era,1898-1943…………………………..………………………………………………………...29 Rizal and the Philippine Revolution...............................................................................33 ‘Official’ Productions of Rizal under American Colonial Rule .....................................39 Rizal the Educated Cosmopolitan ..................................................................................47 Rizal as the Brown Messiah ...........................................................................................56 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................66 -
Human Rights and Exhibit Space
Human Rights and Exhibit Space Author: Jennifer Rose Hasso, Art History Professor, Harold Washington College, Triton College Time: 80 minutes Overview: The venue where art is displayed and how it is curated impacts how we interpret it as a historical document. The location of an artwork reflects how well it upholds academic tradition or rejects that format. Locale determines the amount of bureaucratic control an artist faces and may determine the economic prospects of their work. Therefore, artworks range from literal to symbolic according to the artists’ ability to create their vision without fear of censorship. Objectives: Understand the similarities and differences between works of art. Understand the relationship of art history to other histories. Identify historical events that have contributed to the evolution of the arts. Develop observational abilities in order to critique visual art. Justify personal and non-personal critiques of art. Gain an overall academic awareness through the study of the fine arts. Outcomes: Analyze the relationship between visual art and human rights. Connect human rights to larger social and cultural issues and movements. Understand how artists critique and challenge history and cultural conventions. Analyze the impact that artists have on improving the lives of those around them and society at large. Background Information: Human rights themes in Philippine visual art began in the late 19th century and extend into the present era. Initially, artwork reflected abuses enacted by colonial or foreign powers that were in direct control of the government and military, or were controlling economic and political affairs from afar. Colonialism is deeply embedded in the history and identity of the Philippines and is a controversial topic because many Filipinos want to divorce themselves from this colonial past, while others see the Western world as a positive influence on their culture. -
Jose Rizal : Re-Discovering the Revolutionary Filipino Hero in the Age of Terrorism
JOSE RIZAL : RE-DISCOVERING THE REVOLUTIONARY FILIPINO HERO IN THE AGE OF TERRORISM BY E. SAN JUAN, Jr. Fellow, WEB Du Bois Institute, Harvard University Yo la tengo, y yo espero que ha de brillar un dia en que venza la Idea a la fuerza brutal, que despues de la lucha y la lenta agonia, otra vzx mas sonora, mas feliz que la mi sabra cantar entonces el cantico triunfal. [I have the hope that the day will dawn/when the Idea will conquer brutal force; that after the struggle and the lingering travail,/another voice, more sonorous, happier than mine shall know then how to sing the triumphant hymn.] -- Jose Rizal, “Mi Retiro” (22 October 1895) On June 19, 2011, we are celebrating 150 years of Rizal’s achievement and its enduring significance in this new millennium. It seems fortuitous that Rizal’s date of birth would fall just six days after the celebration of Philippine Independence Day - the proclamation of independence from Spanish rule by General Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, in 1898. In 1962 then President Diosdado Macapagal decreed the change of date from July 4 to June 12 to reaffirm the primacy of the Filipinos’ right to national self-determination. After more than three generations, we are a people still in quest of the right, instruments, and opportunity to determine ourselves as an autonomous, sovereign and singular nation-state. Either ironical or prescient, Aguinaldo’s proclamation (read in the context of US Special Forces engaged today in fighting Filipino socialists and other progressive elements) contains the kernel of the contradictions that have plagued the ruling elite’s claim to political legitimacy: he invoked the mythical benevolence of the occupying power. -
Gumuhit at Gumunita
G U M U H I T A T G U M U N I T A a p e r s o n a l i z e d i l l u s t r a t e d b o o k o f P h i l i p p i n e h e r o e s k u r i t . m a n o k B A R Y A S E R I E S : R E P R E S E N T A T I O N O F T H E F I L I P I N O H E R O E S O N P H I L I P P I N E C O I N A G E . On the one peso coin is Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine National Hero and a known ilustrado (translated as enlightened ones, or the elites that were mostly educated abroad, because they were forced to get out of the country in fear of being targeted by the Spaniards). Born in Calamba, Laguna, Rizal wrote the Noli Me Tangere(Germany in 1887) and El Filibusterismo (Belgium in 1891) During his study and stay at Spain, he became an active member of a newspaper La Solidaridad.And when he went back to Manila, formed his own civic movement, La Liga Filipina. On the five peso coin is Emilio Aguinaldo, first Philippine President, from Kawit, Cavite. He was the one who led the Declaration of Philippine Independence in Malolos, Bulacan, the first republic in Asia. -
Book Reviews
Book Reviews Remigio E. Agpalo, Adventure.v in Political Science (Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press and College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, 1996), Revised edition, 493 pp. This is the revised edition of Professor Agpalo 's fourth book first published in 1992. He has journeyed far intellectually, from his birth place of Mamburao in Occidental Mindoro. His career and his achievement of numerous academic success are outlined on pages 3- 17. The "map", or the objectives. of his journey apparently- but only apparently -shrunk between) 952 (when he was studying in Maine) and 1963 (in his inaugural address as president of the Philippine Political Science Association) In the fanner year he proposed "to study the history ofall the civilizations of the world. dead. decadent, or resurgent .. (p. 6) In the latter year he advocated that Filipino political scientists should "stress Philippine gowrnment and politics in their research., (p. 13). The link between the two lies in the nature of comparative government. How do we know what is special or unique about the govenunent of a state. unless we have surveyed a number of other states· govenm1ents'> To c1te Rudyard Kipling. "What do they know of England, who only England know'1" The range covered by the book. both inside and outside the Philippines. is indicated by considering the contents and the foci of interest which they reveal. The scene is set by a sketch of the author's university service. and by describing three academic ''campaigns'' m which he participated at the University of the Philippines, where he served longest.