Ipv4 and Ipv6

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IPv4 and IPv6 About ARIN What is Internet Protocol? than IPv4. It was deployed in 1999 and should meet the world’s IP addressing Internet Protocol is a set of technical needs well into the future. The American Registry for rules that defines how computers communicate over a network. There are What is the major difference? currently two versions: IP version 4 (IPv4) The major difference between IPv4 and Internet Numbers (ARIN) is and IP version 6 (IPv6). IPv6 is the number of IP addresses. What is IPv4? There are 4,294,967,296 IPv4 the nonprofit corporation addresses. In contrast, there are IPv4 was the first version of Internet 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374, Protocol to be widely used, and accounts 607,431,768,211,456 IPv6 addresses. that distributes Internet for most of today’s Internet traffic. There are just over 4 billion IPv4 addresses. The technical functioning of the Internet remains the same with both versions number resources, includ- While that is a lot of IP addresses, it is not enough to last forever. and it is likely that both versions will continue to operate simultaneously on ing Internet Protocol (IP) What is IPv6? networks well into the future. To date, IPv6 is a newer numbering system that most networks that use IPv6 support both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in their addresses, to Canada, provides a much larger address pool networks. many Caribbean and Internet Protocol Internet Protocol North Atlantic islands, and version 4 (IPv4) version 6 (IPv6) Deployed 1981 1999 the United States. Address Size 32-bit number 128-bit number Hexadecimal Notation: Dotted Decimal Notation: Address Format 3FFE:F200:0234:AB00: 192.149.252.76 0123:4567:8901:ABCD Prefix Notation 192.149.0.0/24 3FFE:F200:0234::/48 2128 = ~340,282,366, Number of Addresses 232 = ~4,294,967,296 920,938,463,463,374, 607,431,768,211,456 For more information, visit us at www.arin.net or email us at [email protected]..

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Ipv6-Ipsec And
IPSec and SSL Virtual Private Networks ITU/APNIC/MICT IPv6 Security Workshop 23rd – 27th May 2016 Bangkok Last updated 29 June 2014 1 Acknowledgment p Content sourced from n Merike Kaeo of Double Shot Security n Contact: [email protected] Virtual Private Networks p Creates a secure tunnel over a public network p Any VPN is not automagically secure n You need to add security functionality to create secure VPNs n That means using firewalls for access control n And probably IPsec or SSL/TLS for confidentiality and data origin authentication 3 VPN Protocols p IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) n Open standard for VPN implementation n Operates on the network layer Other VPN Implementations p MPLS VPN n Used for large and small enterprises n Pseudowire, VPLS, VPRN p GRE Tunnel n Packet encapsulation protocol developed by Cisco n Not encrypted n Implemented with IPsec p L2TP IPsec n Uses L2TP protocol n Usually implemented along with IPsec n IPsec provides the secure channel, while L2TP provides the tunnel What is IPSec? Internet IPSec p IETF standard that enables encrypted communication between peers: n Consists of open standards for securing private communications n Network layer encryption ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication n Scales from small to very large networks What Does IPsec Provide ? p Confidentiality….many algorithms to choose from p Data integrity and source authentication n Data “signed” by sender and “signature” verified by the recipient n Modification of data can be detected by signature “verification”
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1. Ipv4 Sites Reaching Global Ipv4 Internet
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Is QUIC a Better Choice Than TCP in the 5G Core Network Service Based Architecture?
DEGREE PROJECT IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2020 Is QUIC a Better Choice than TCP in the 5G Core Network Service Based Architecture? PETHRUS GÄRDBORN KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Is QUIC a Better Choice than TCP in the 5G Core Network Service Based Architecture? PETHRUS GÄRDBORN Master in Communication Systems Date: November 22, 2020 Supervisor at KTH: Marco Chiesa Supervisor at Ericsson: Zaheduzzaman Sarker Examiner: Peter Sjödin School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Host company: Ericsson AB Swedish title: Är QUIC ett bättre val än TCP i 5G Core Network Service Based Architecture? iii Abstract The development of the 5G Cellular Network required a new 5G Core Network and has put higher requirements on its protocol stack. For decades, TCP has been the transport protocol of choice on the Internet. In recent years, major Internet players such as Google, Facebook and CloudFlare have opted to use the new QUIC transport protocol. The design assumptions of the Internet (best-effort delivery) differs from those of the Core Network. The aim of this study is to investigate whether QUIC’s benefits on the Internet will translate to the 5G Core Network Service Based Architecture. A testbed was set up to emulate traffic patterns between Network Functions. The results show that QUIC reduces average request latency to half of that of TCP, for a majority of cases, and doubles the throughput even under optimal network conditions with no packet loss and low (20 ms) RTT. Additionally, by measuring request start and end times “on the wire”, without taking into account QUIC’s shorter connection establishment, we believe the results indicate QUIC’s suitability also under the long-lived (standing) connection model.
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Internet Protocol Suite
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Empirical Analysis of the Effects and the Mitigation of Ipv4 Address Exhaustion
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN FAKULTÄT FÜR ELEKTROTECHNIK UND INFORMATIK LEHRSTUHL FÜR INTELLIGENTE NETZE UND MANAGEMENT VERTEILTER SYSTEME Empirical Analysis of the Effects and the Mitigation of IPv4 Address Exhaustion vorgelegt von M.Sc. Philipp Richter geboren in Berlin von der Fakultät IV – Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOKTOR DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN -DR. RER. NAT.- genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Möller, Technische Universität Berlin Gutachterin: Prof. Anja Feldmann, Ph.D., Technische Universität Berlin Gutachter: Prof. Vern Paxson, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley Gutachter: Prof. Steve Uhlig, Ph.D., Queen Mary University of London Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 2. August 2017 Berlin 2017 Abstract IP addresses are essential resources for communication over the Internet. In IP version 4, an address is represented by 32 bits in the IPv4 header; hence there is a ﬁnite pool of roughly 4B addresses available. The Internet now faces a fundamental resource scarcity problem: The exhaustion of the available IPv4 address space. In 2011, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) depleted its pool of available IPv4 addresses. IPv4 scarcity is now reality. In the subsequent years, IPv4 address scarcity has started to put substantial economic pressure on the networks that form the Internet. The pools of available IPv4 addresses are mostly depleted and today network operators have to ﬁnd new ways to satisfy their ongoing demand for IPv4 addresses. Mitigating IPv4 scarcity is not optional, but mandatory: Networks facing address shortage have to take action in order to be able to accommodate additional subscribers and customers. Thus, if not confronted, IPv4 scarcity has the potential to hinder further growth of the Internet.
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SOCKS Protocol Version 6
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61A Lecture 35 Distributed Computing Internet Protocol Transmission
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Ipv6 – What Is It, Why Is It Important, and Who Is in Charge? … Answers to Common Questions from Policy Makers, Executives and Other NonTechnical Readers
IPv6 – What is it, why is it important, and who is in charge? … answers to common questions from policy makers, executives and other nontechnical readers. A factual paper prepared for and endorsed by the Chief Executive Officers of ICANN and all the Regional Internet Registries, October 2009. 1. What is IPv6? “IP” is the Internet Protocol, the set of digital communication codes which underlies the Internet infrastructure. IP allows the flow of packets of data between any pair of points on the network, providing the basic service upon which the entire Internet is built. Without IP, the Internet as we know it would not exist. Currently the Internet makes use of IP version 4, or IPv4, which is now reaching the limits of its capacity to address additional devices. IPv6 is the “next generation” of IP, which provides a vastly expanded address space. Using IPv6, the Internet will be able to grow to millions of times its current size, in terms of the numbers of people, devices and objects connected to it1. 2. Just how big is IPv6? To answer this question, we must compare the IPv6 address architecture with that of IPv4. The IPv4 address has 32 bits, allowing today’s Internet to connect up to around four billion devices. By contrast, IPv6 has an address of 128 bits. Because each additional bit doubles the size of the address space, an extra 96 bits increases the theoretical size of the address space by many trillions of times. For comparison, if IPv4 were represented as a golf ball, then IPv6 would be approaching the size of the Sun.2 IPv6 is certainly not infinite, but it is not going to run out any time soon.
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Lesson-13: INTERNET ENABLED SYSTEMS NETWORK PROTOCOLS
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Guidelines for the Secure Deployment of Ipv6
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DOD Memorandum: Department of Defense Implementation of Internet
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