What Is Here Now: Assembling Poetry in Canada After the Spatial Turn
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
What is Here Now: Assembling Poetry in Canada After the Spatial Turn by Ryan Fitzpatrick M.A., University of Calgary, 2011 B.Ed., University of Calgary, 2004 B.A., University of Calgary, 2001 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English Faculty of Arts and Social Science © Ryan Fitzpatrick 2019 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2018 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Ryan Fitzpatrick Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: What is Here Now: Assembling Poetry in Canada After the Spatial Turn Examining Committee: Chair: Michelle Levy Graduate Chair Professor Jeff Derksen Senior Supervisor Professor Christine Kim Supervisor Associate Professor Stephen Collis Supervisor Professor Geoff Mann Internal Examiner Professor Department of Geography Christine Stewart External Examiner Professor Department of English and Film Studies University of Alberta Date Defended/Approved: June 11, 2018 ii Abstract In my dissertation “What is Here Now: Assembling Poetry in Canada after the Spatial Turn,” I examine how an array of twenty-first century poetry responds to and critiques the ways Canada assembles in the present, shaped by processes and logics of dispossession, exclusion, and elimination, amidst global and local circulations of capital and labour. Any spatial reading of Canada must begin with a Canada that is not an essentialized geography, but is instead a set of emergent and assembling relations that constantly needs to be maintained, stabilized, and policed. I argue that we must approach poetry’s relationship to (and relationships in) space by conceptualizing poetry as a part of complex and historically shaped processes that emerge from the ground up, from the ways that actors, human and otherwise, engage one another. Through this assemblage model, I ask three central questions that bridge the difficult material and conceptual leaps between part and whole as they shape one another. First, what are the stakes for individuals and communities as spatial assemblages stabilize and destabilize, as spaces provide (or fail to provide) a stable ground on which to organize? Second, in space as it stabilizes and destabilizes, how do actors engage one another and what concerns, ethical or otherwise, shape those intimate relations? And third, how are individual actors articulated within (or excluded from) the array of relations that compose a space? I answer these three intersecting questions by turning to three major problematics in contemporary Canadian poetry. First, I look at Vancouver poetry about urban redevelopment as it engages with processes of stabilization and destabilization in the work of Wayde Compton, Cecily Nicholson, Lisa Robertson, Mercedes Eng, and Lee Maracle. Second, I look at questions of ethical engagement through ecologically invested poetry (or “ecopoetry”) in the work of Rita Wong, Christian Bök, Stephen Collis, Jordan Scott, Angela Rawlings, Adam Dickinson, and Fred Wah. Third, I look at the processes and codes that articulate potential spatial practices for racialized communities in the work of Roy Miki, Dionne Brand, Phinder Dulai, Erín Moure, Souvankham Thammavongsa, Annharte, and Marvin Francis. Keywords: Contemporary Poetry in Canada, Space and Geography, Spatial Emergence, Assemblage Theory, Indigeneity, Diaspora iii Dedication From Millican Ogden to Main Street iv Acknowledgements Thanks to my committee for their support and critical acumen as I worked through my dissertation. To my supervisor Dr. Jeff Derksen for his incisiveness, openness, and care. To my committee members Dr. Christine Kim and Dr. Stephen Collis for their keen critical eyes, gentle nudges in the right direction, and for not getting too annoyed when I barged into their offices unannounced. To my examiners Dr. Christine Stewart and Dr. Geoff Mann for their time and generous questions. Thanks also to Dr. Susan Rudy, whose mentorship during my M.A. helped me navigate the choppy waters of the PhD, and to Deanna Fong (my unofficial fourth committee member), whose edits, encouragement, collaboration, and friendship helped shape my arguments in important ways. Thanks also to a group of friends, comrades, and co-workers, whose conversations have put wind in my sails when they flagged: Marc Acherman, Haida Antolick, Mathieu Aubin, Jonathan Ball, Adèle Barclay, Kelsey Blair, Clint Burnham, Kyle Carpenter, David Chariandy, Maureen Curtin, Karen Correia Da Silva, Amy De’Ath, Nico Dicecco, Janey Dodd, Mercedes Eng, Mike Everton, Chris Ewart, Sandy Ewart, Megan Farnel, Joseph Giardini, James Gifford, Christa Gruninger, Wendy Harris, Nikhil Jayadevan, Natalie Knight, Danielle LaFrance, Larissa Lai, Carolyn Lesjak, Michelle Levy, Melissa McGregor, Taylor Morphett, Eric Moschopedis, Alex Muir, Kim Mulder, Sean O’Brien, Kim O’Donnell, Julia Polyck-O’Neill, Nikki Reimer, Susan Rudy, Mia Rushton, Eric Schmaltz, Jen Scott, Kandice Sharren, Kate Siklosi, Naava Smolash, Nate Szymanski, Nick Tan, Joseph Tilley, Myka Tucker-Abramson, Karina Vernon, David Weston, and Jonathan Wilcke. Additional thanks to my landlords Barbara and Richard Cannon for keeping the rent low in one of the world’s most unliveable cities. This dissertation could not have been completed without the financial support of both the Simon Fraser University English Department and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council. I acknowledge that I wrote this dissertation on unceded Tsleil-Waututh, Skwxwú7mesh, and Musqueam lands. v Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................. ii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iii Dedication ......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. vi Introduction In the Thick of Canadian Space .............................................................. 1 Conceptualizing Space in Canadian Literary Criticism ..................................................... 9 Spatial Production as Assembly ..................................................................................... 18 Stability, Engagement, Articulation ................................................................................. 34 Chapter 1 Destabilization and Dispossession in the Dissolving City ..................... 44 Stability and Counterstability ........................................................................................... 50 Contesting Continuities of Erasure ................................................................................. 62 And Tomorrow, I’m Somewhere Else ............................................................................. 81 Through Thick and Thin ................................................................................................ 103 Chapter 2 Ethical Engagement with and in Ecological Assemblages ................. 106 From Evental Encounter to Ethical Engagement .......................................................... 113 Ecological Dynamics and Poetic Procedures ............................................................... 123 “I am still amazed that astrocapitalists insist on mining yet another asteroid, when poets on Earth struggle to write about their devotion to remain tied to a single wobbly planet” ...................................................................................................................................... 140 Meeting The Material Halfway ...................................................................................... 156 Chapter 3 Articulating the Body in Racializing Assemblages .............................. 160 Diagram, Articulation, and Racialization ....................................................................... 166 Not Only Exclusion, But Also Articulation ..................................................................... 174 “A house in this city is a witness box” ........................................................................... 194 Unfriendly Potentials ..................................................................................................... 212 Coda: What Is Here Now ............................................................................................ 217 References ................................................................................................................... 225 vi Introduction In the Thick of Canadian Space One never commences; one never has a tabula rasa; one slips in, enters in the middle; one takes up or lays down rhythms. (Deleuze, Spinoza: Practical Philosophy 123) Even the grasses know where they are and they have a perfect right to be. (Maracle, Memory Serves 64) In the call for papers for the May 2017 Mikinaakominis/TransCanadas conference, organizers Smaro Kamboureli and Larissa Lai ask about the resistant potentials of literary production in the face of the colonial project of Canada and Canadian literature. The conference, they tell us, aims to ask how to revise,