United States Air Force Installation Restoration Program Final

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM FINAL

CY 2007 Annual Report

Remedial Action – Operation (RA-O) Basewide Long-Term Monitoring and Monitored Natural Attenuation (LF-01, LF-02, LF-06, SS-34, WP-44, DP-60, WP-64) (Project No. PQWY 2000-0700-7) McChord Air Force Base, Washington

Prepared for: Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment Environmental Restoration Division Brooks City-Base, Texas

and

United States Air Force 62 CES/CEV McChord Air Force Base, Washington

Prepared by: Tetra Tech EC, Inc. Lakewood, Colorado

October 2008

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM

Final

CY 2007 Annual Report

Prepared for: Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment Environmental Restoration Division Brooks City-Base, Texas and U.S. Air Force 62 CES/CEV McChord Air Force Base, Washington

Prepared by:

143 Union Boulevard, Suite 1010 Lakewood, Colorado 80228 (303) 988-2202

October 2008

NOTICE

This report was prepared for the United States Air Force (Air Force) by Tetra Tech EC, Inc. to guide the implementation of the Remedial Action-Operation (RA-O) of the Basewide Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) and Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) projects at McChord Air Force Base under the Air Force Installation Restoration Program (IRP). The limited objectives of this report and the ongoing nature of the IRP, along with the evolving knowledge of site conditions and chemical effects on the environment and health, must be considered when evaluating this report, because subsequent facts may become known that may make this report premature or inaccurate. Acceptance does not mean that the Air Force adopts the conclusions, recommendations, or other views expressed herein, which are those of the contractor only and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Air Force.

REPORT DOCUMENT PAGE Form approved OMB No. 0704-0189 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED October 2008 Final Calendar Year (CY) 2007

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS CY 2007 Annual Report—Remedial Action-Operation (RA-O) F41624-03-D-8600 Basewide Long-Term Monitoring and Monitored Natural Delivery Order 0032 Attenuation (LF-01, LF-02, LF-06, SS-34, WP-44, DP-60, WP- 64) (Project No. PQWY 2000-0700-7), McChord Air Force Base, Washington 6. AUTHOR(S) Mr. Mark Ingersoll Mr. Rick Weingarz Mr. Morgan Omdal

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER ADDRESS(ES) N/A Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 143 Union Blvd., Lakewood, CO 80228 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT ADDRESS(ES) NUMBER Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment N/A Excellence, AFCEE/ERD, 3300 Sidney Brooks, Building 532, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5363 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12.b DISTRIBUTION CODE AFCEE, McChord AFB, 62 CES/CEV

13. ABSTRACT 15. NUMBER OF PAGES The report summarizes the CY 2007 Environmental Restoration Approximately 94 (report body including figures) Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring and Monitored Natural 140 (appendices) Attenuation projects, excluding the RA-O projects at Area D/American Lake Garden Tract and Site SS-34N.

14. SUBJECT TERMS 16. PRICE CODE • McChord Air Force Base • Base Boundary Wells • NFRAP Sites • QA/QC • Groundwater Summary • Consent Decree Sites

17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT UL Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified

SN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18-298-102

Contents

CONTENTS

Section Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... ES-1

1. INTRODUCTION...... 1-1 1.1 Air Force Installation Restoration Program...... 1-1 1.2 Installation Description...... 1-1 1.2.1 Geology ...... 1-1 1.2.2 Groundwater Hydrology...... 1-2 1.3 Site Inventory...... 1-6 1.3.1 Base Boundary Wells...... 1-6 1.3.2 Consent Decree Sites...... 1-7 1.3.3 No Further Response Action Planned Sites ...... 1-9

2. PROJECT ACTIVITIES...... 2-1 2.1 Field Activities...... 2-1 2.1.1 Groundwater Sampling...... 2-1 2.1.2 Static Water Level Measurements...... 2-1 2.1.3 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control ...... 2-1 2.2 Laboratory Analysis ...... 2-1 2.2.1 Analytical Program ...... 2-7 2.2.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program...... 2-7 2.3 Data Evaluation...... 2-7 2.3.1 Methodology for Data Quality Assessment...... 2-7 2.3.2 Data Analysis and Interpretation...... 2-7 2.4 Monitored Natural Attenuation...... 2-12

3. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS RESULTS...... 3-1 3.1 Field Parameters...... 3-1 3.2 Chemical Analytical Data...... 3-2 3.2.1 Base Boundary Wells...... 3-2 3.2.2 Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02...... 3-2 3.2.3 Consent Decree Site SS-34...... 3-2 3.2.4 Consent Decree Site WP-44...... 3-5 3.2.5 Consent Decree Site WP-64...... 3-5 3.2.6 NFRAP Site LF-06 ...... 3-5 3.2.7 NFRAP Site DP-60 ...... 3-6 3.3 Static Water Level Measurement Data...... 3-6 3.3.1 Basewide...... 3-6 3.3.2 Consent Decree Sites...... 3-9 3.3.3 NFRAP Sites ...... 3-9

4. CY 2007 CONCLUSIONS AND CY 2008 PLANNING ...... 4-1 4.1 CY 2007 Conclusions...... 4-1 4.1.1 Base Boundary Wells...... 4-1 4.1.2 Consent Decree Sites...... 4-1

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CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page 4.1.3 NFRAP Sites ...... 4-9 4.2 CY 2008 Planning ...... 4-9 4.2.1 Compliance Sampling...... 4-12 4.2.2 Trend Analysis of Base Boundary Wells ...... 4-21 4.2.3 Air Force Preference ...... 4-21

5. REFERENCES...... 5-1

APPENDICES

Appendix A Key Project Personnel for CY 2007 Appendix B Field Data Appendix C Chain-of-Custody Forms Appendix D Laboratory Data QA/QC Review Appendix E Laboratory Analytical Data Sheets Appendix F Well Inventory

Plate 1. Resource Protection Wells for Sampling and Static Water Level Measurements

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page Table ES-1. Summary of Field Activities ...... ES-1 Table 1-1. Geologic Units Reported Beneath McChord AFB...... 1-5 Table 2-1. Summary of Groundwater Sampling and Water Level Measurement Locations ...... 2-5 Table 2-2. Summary of Groundwater Sampling Analytical Program...... 2-6 Table 2-3. Summary of Groundwater Sample Quantities...... 2-7 Table 2-4. Reporting Limits for Volatile Organics by EPA Methods 8021B and 8260B ...... 2-8 Table 2-5. Reporting Limits for TPH by Methods NWTPH-Gx and NWTPH-Dx...... 2-10 Table 2-6. Reporting Limits for Intrinsic Remediation Parameters ...... 2-10 Table 2-7. Relative Percent Differences for Field Duplicates...... 2-11 Table 2-8. Summary of Intrinsic Bioremediation Parameters from CY 1995 to CY 2007...... 2-13 Table 3-1. Summary of Field Parameters ...... 3-1 Table 3-2. Summary of Field Parameters—March 2007...... 3-2 Table 3-3. Summary of Field Parameters—September 2007 ...... 3-2 Table 3-4. Summary of VOC Detections in Base Boundary Resource Protection Wells...... 3-3 Table 3-5. Summary of VOC Detections in Sites LF-01 and LF-02 Resource Protection Wells...... 3-3 Table 3-6. Summary of BTEX, TPH, and Lead Detections at Sites SS-34, WP-44, and DP-60 ...... 3-4 Table 3-7. Summary of Monitored Natural Attenuation Parameters at Sites SS-34, WP-44, and DP-60 ...... 3-5 Table 3-8. Summary of VOC Detections in Site LF-06 Resource Protection Wells ...... 3-5 Table 3-9. Summary of CY 2007 Static Water Level Elevations ...... 3-6 Table 4-1. Summary of VOCs in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 from CY 1993 to CY 2007...... 4-2 Table 4-2. Summary of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1987 to CY 2007 ...... 4-3 Table 4-3. Summary of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1993 to CY 2007...... 4-4 Table 4-4. Summary of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007...... 4-10 Table 4-5. Summary of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007...... 4-11

vii CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Tables/Figures

LIST OF TABLES (Concluded)

Table Page Table 4-6. Summary of VOCs in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Well at NFRAP Site LF-06 from CY 1995 to CY 2007 ...... 4-17 Table 4-7. Comparison of NFRAP Site DP-60 Diesel-Range TPH Concentrations to RAOs ...... 4-17 Table 4-8. Proposed CY 2008 Sampling...... 4-18 Table 4-9. Summary of CY 1993 to CY 2007 Monitoring for the Base Boundary; MTCA Sites WP-34, WP-44, and WP-64; and NFRAP Site DP-60...... 4-19

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page Figure ES-1. Site Location Map ...... ES-3 Figure ES-2. Groundwater Sampling and Static Water Level Measurement Locations ...... ES-7 Figure ES-3. Basewide Qvr Water Table Elevations—March 2007...... ES-9 Figure 1-1. Site Location Map ...... 1-3 Figure 2-1. Groundwater Sampling and Static Water Level Measurement Locations ...... 2-3 Figure 3-1. Basewide Qvr Water Table Elevations—March 2007...... 3-7 Figure 4-1. Comparison of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1987 to CY 2007...... 4-5 Figure 4-2. Comparison of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1993 to CY 2007...... 4-7 Figure 4-3. Comparison of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007 ...... 4-13 Figure 4-4. Comparison of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007 ...... 4-15 Figure 4-5. Comparison of TPH-D in Shallow Resource Protection Wells at NFRAP Site DP-60 from CY 1994 to CY 2007...... 4-23

viii CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Acronyms and Abbreviations

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AFB Air Force Base AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment Air Force United States Air Force ALGT American Lake Garden Tract bgs below ground surface BS blank spike BSD blank spike duplicate BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes cis-1,2,-DCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene CES/CEV Civil Engineering Support/Environmental COC contaminant of concern CY calendar year °C degrees Celsius

DO dissolved oxygen

Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 ESD Explanation of Significant Differences

Fe++ ferrous iron FFA Federal Facility Agreement ft foot/feet FS feasibility study

HSL Hazardous Sites List

ID identification IRP Installation Restoration Program

LTM Long-Term Monitoring

MCL Maximum Contaminant Level µg/L micrograms per liter µmhos/cm micromhos per centimeter mg/L milligrams per liter MNA Monitored Natural Attenuation mV millivolt MS matrix spike MSD matrix spike duplicate MTCA Model Toxics Control Act

ix CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Acronyms and Abbreviations

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)

NAD North American Datum NFRAP No Further Response Action Planned NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum NPL National Priorities List NTU nephelometric turbidity unit NWTPH Northwest total petroleum hydrocarbon NWTPH-Dx Northwest total petroleum hydrocarbon-diesel extended NWTPH-Gx Northwest total petroleum hydrocarbon-gasoline extended

ORP oxidation-reduction potential

PARCC precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PQL practical quantitation limit PP Priority Pollutant

QA quality assurance QC quality control QPP Quality Project Plans Qva Vashon Advance Outwash Qvr Vashon Recessional Outwash Qvs Steilacoom Gravel Qvt Vashon Till

RA Remedial Action RA-O Remedial Action-Operation RAO Remedial Action Objective RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RD Remedial Design RI remedial investigation ROD Record of Decision RPD relative percent difference RPO Remedial Process Optimization

SAP Sampling and Analysis Plan SVOC semivolatile organic compound SWL static water level

TCE Trichloroethene TPH total petroleum hydrocarbon TtEC Tetra Tech EC, Inc.

VOC volatile organic compound

WTA Washrack/Treatment Area

x CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report details the site history, setting, and work activities completed from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2007, for the Remedial Action-Operation (RA-O) of the Basewide Long- Term Monitoring (LTM) and Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) projects at McChord Air Force Base (AFB), an active military installation comprising 4,639 acres, approximately 7 miles south of downtown Tacoma in Pierce County, Washington (Figure ES-1). This report does not include work conducted concurrently for the RA-O Area D/American Lake Garden Tract (ALGT) project and the RA-O Installation Restoration Program (IRP) Site SS-34N project.

The purpose of the RA-O LTM and MNA projects is to provide compliance monitoring of remedial activities at various locations at McChord AFB and early detection of unanticipated releases from currently benign locations, fulfilling the long-term monitoring requirements for McChord AFB as detailed in the Federal Facility Agreement, the Consent Decree, and the most recent Quality Project Plan scoping documents (Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007b).

The scope of the RA-O LTM and MNA project field activities in calendar year (CY) 2007 included:

Groundwater sampling from resource protection wells at the base boundary, at IRP Consent Decree sites LF-01, LF-02, SS-34, WP-44, and WP-64, and No Further Response Action Planned (NFRAP) sites LF-06 and DP-60 (Figure ES-2)

Measuring static water levels from resource protection well sample locations throughout the base

A summary of field activities is shown in Table ES-1.

Table ES-1. Summary of Field Activities

Static Water Groundwater Event Date Areas/Sites Level Locations Sample Locations Quarter 1 03/07 Base Boundary 3 3 SS-34 2 2 WP-44 3 3 DP-60 2 2 WP-64 1 0 Quarter 3 09/07 Base Boundary 3 3 LF-01/LF-02 2 2 LF-06 1 1 SS-34 2 2 WP-44 2 2 Quarter 4 12/07 LF-01/LF-02 1 1

Chemical results and conclusions from the CY 2007 field sampling program include:

Base Boundary Wells—Groundwater samples collected at six base boundary resource protection wells were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). During CY 2007,

ES-1 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Executive Summary

chemical analytical results did not indicate the presence of groundwater contamination above Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA) Method A cleanup levels at those base boundary locations.

Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02—Groundwater samples collected at Sites LF-01 and LF-02 were analyzed for VOCs. During CY 2007, chemical analytical results did not indicate the presence of groundwater contamination above MTCA Method A cleanup levels.

NFRAP Site LF-06—Groundwater samples collected at NFRAP Site LF-06 were analyzed for VOCs. During CY 2007, chemical analytical results did not indicate the presence of groundwater contamination above MTCA Method A cleanup levels.

Consent Decree Site SS-34—Groundwater samples collected at Site SS-34 were analyzed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX); gasoline- and diesel-range total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH); and additional parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, nitrate, oxidation-reduction potential [ORP], ferrous iron, and sulfate), which allow an assessment of ongoing intrinsic bioremediation.

During CY 2007, only TPH compounds exceeded MTCA Method A cleanup levels. Although chemical analytical results indicated the presence of groundwater contamination above MTCA Method A cleanup levels at Site SS-34, results for ferrous iron, nitrate, sulfate, dissolved oxygen, and ORP also indicated the occurrence of ongoing intrinsic bioremediation.

Consent Decree Site WP-44—Groundwater samples were collected at Site WP-44 and analyzed for BTEX, gasoline- and diesel-range TPH, and additional parameters (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ORP, ferrous iron, and sulfate), which allow an assessment of ongoing intrinsic bioremediation. Concentrations of BTEX and TPH compounds in groundwater exceeded MTCA Method A cleanup levels.

During CY 2007, chemical analytical results indicated that groundwater contamination remained above MTCA Method A cleanup levels at Site WP-44; however, results for ferrous iron, nitrate, sulfate, dissolved oxygen, and ORP also indicated the occurrence of ongoing intrinsic bioremediation.

NFRAP Site DP-60—Groundwater samples collected at NFRAP Site DP-60 were analyzed for diesel-range TPH and additional parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, nitrite, ORP, ferrous iron, and sulfate) for assessment of ongoing intrinsic bioremediation. Diesel- and oil-range TPH compounds were reported in samples at concentrations at or above the remedial action objectives (RAOs). Results of MNA parameters indicated that intrinsic bioremediation is occurring.

Consent Decree Site WP-64—Resource protection well CW-13 was noted as dry and therefore not sampled during CY 2007. Excavation of chlordane-contaminated soils was conducted in December 2007. Results of the excavation are summarized in the Remedial Action Summary Report, Remedial Action for Site Closure at Site WP-64, prepared under separate cover.

ES-2 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 P :\Pr ojects_20 07\M cChor Washington d \LTM _CY2007\maps\Fi gES - 1_Site_ Location.mx d CONSENT DECREE SS-34N

NFRAP DP-60

CONSENT DECREE CONSENT DECREE SS-34 LF-02 CONSENT DECREE LF-01 CONSENT DECREE WP-44

AREA D/ALGT

CONSENT DECREE WP-64 NFRAP LF-06

McChord AFB Boundary

0 1,000 2,000 4,000

Feet

McChord AFB Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program CY 2007 Annual Report

Figure ES-1 Site Location Map

Date: 5/2008 Executive Summary

Results and conclusions from the CY 2007 static water level measurements include:

Basewide—Consistent with measurement events prior to CY 2007, water table elevations during the late winter/spring (wet season) are higher than in the dry season (summer/fall). The average fluctuation between seasons during CY 2007 was typical of the seasonal fluctuations (3 to 5 ft) observed at McChord AFB. Basewide flow direction in the Vashon Recessional Outwash aquifer (Qvr) is generally from the east-southeast to the west- northwest with local variations. The groundwater flow directions and water table elevation trends for CY 2007 are consistent with earlier (CY 1993 through CY 2006) measurements. Water table elevation measurements for March 2008 are shown on Figure ES-3.

Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02—Water table elevations recorded at resource protection wells CW-4, CW-35, and CW-36 during September 2007 and interpretations of shallow groundwater flow are consistent with earlier measurement years. The gradient is relatively flat, with a slight localized flow from northwest to southeast

NFRAP Site LF-06—The water table elevation was recorded only at resource protection well DA-4b, so site-specific interpretation of shallow groundwater flow during CY 2007 is not possible.

Consent Decree Site SS-34—Water table elevations recorded at resource protection wells AZ-06, DM-06, and UA-02 in CY 2007 and interpretations of shallow groundwater flow are consistent with earlier measurement years. Groundwater flow is still thought to be influenced by the relatively impermeable Vashon Till (Qvt), which provides a barrier to groundwater flow. As the water levels rise above the top of the Qvt, the groundwater flow becomes more continuous at the site. Flow is interpreted from the northeast (resource protection well AZ-06) to the southwest (resource protection wells DM-06 and UA-02). .

Consent Decree Site WP-44—Water table elevations recorded at resource protection wells CW-9 and CW-14b in CY 2007 and interpretations of shallow groundwater flow are consistent with earlier measurement years. Site WP-44 groundwater flow is still thought to be influenced by the relatively impermeable Qvt, which provides a barrier to groundwater flow. As the water levels rise above the top of the Qvt, the groundwater flow becomes more continuous at the site. Groundwater flow during CY 2007 is interpreted from the north (resource protection well CW-9) to the south (resource protection well CW-14b). The flow and elevation trends for CY 2007 were consistent with earlier (CY 1993 through CY 2006) measurements and interpretations.

NFRAP Site DP-60—Groundwater flow was from the north (resource protection well TW-9) to the south (resource protection well CR-02) during the March 2007 measurement event. The flow interpretation may be incorrect, due to runway construction resulting in modification of well TW-9 and corresponding vertical datum.

Consent Decree Site WP-64—In March 2007, a water table elevation was recorded at resource protection well CW-13: however, a sample could not be obtained due to the lack of water. Consistent with earlier measurement years, groundwater in resource protection well CW-13 is only encountered during higher than normal groundwater recharge periods.

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ES-6 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 P: \Pro ject s_20

07\Mc CW-26 Resource Protection Wells Sampled at McChord Air Force Base DA-29 under the Area D/American Lake Garden Tract Pump And Chor Treat Program in CY 2007 d\

L IW-28 T M_CY Resource Protection Wells Sampled at McChord Air Force Base IW-21 2007\maps\F CW-39 CW-9 under the Groundwater Monitoring Program at Multiple Sites IW-24 in CY 2007 LT-4 LT-3 IW-14 CW-37 LT-2 IW-29 IW-1 ig IW-17 ES-2 CW-25 Additional Existing Resource Protection Wells at McChord

_WaterLevel_ CW-20 IW-7 LT-5 Air Force Base in CY 2007 CW-40 IW-6 IW-5 IW-18 IW-2 IW-9 IW-30 IW-15 LT-10 IW-12 M IW-16 Resource Protection Wells at McChord Air Force Base for the e IW-19 IW-3 asurement_L CW-45 IW-10 Site SS-34 Remedial Action - Operation Project IW-8 IW-20 CW-41a CW-41 CW-44 IW-4 oc Basemap a t io LT-6 ns. IW-31 IW-22 mxd IW-13 IW-11 Base Boundary CW-11 CW-43

IW-25 LT-11

CW-32a CW-62 CW-32b CW-52 CW-54 CW-32c CW-61 CW-53 TW-9 CW-65a LT-7 CW-45 CW-58 CR-01 CR-02 CW-46 CW-38 CW-59 CW-47 CW-60 CW-48 CW-50 CW-49 MW-40 CW-29b CW-20

AZ-06 CW-51 CW-31a CW-4 AZ-04 CW-31b CW-31c UA-02 MF-3 MF-4 DM-06 CW-3 MF-1 MF-2

CW-35 CW-15c CW-12 CW-2 CW-15d CW-15 CW-22 CW-1 CW-23 CW-36 CW-9 CW-14b CW-14a CW-24

CW-18c CW-18d

LT-9 0 1,000 2,000 4,000

DO-5b FTA-4a FTA-6a DA-13a DR-05 DO-2 FTA-4b Feet DO-5a DA-28 DX-2 DA-29 DO-3 EH-4b FTA-2a DA-11a DT-2 DB-6 DA-9b FTA-5a LT-8 DA-11b DX-3 DA-12e DA-30a DA-21b DT-1 DA-30b DA-21a CW-13 DX-1 DA-25b DA-7b DA-6a DZ-13 CW-33c DA-7e CW-33d EPA-W-5 IH-3b IH-2b IH-3c DB-11 IH-2a DA-2b DA-2c McChord AFB DA-2a DA-2d Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and IH-1a CW-34c CW-34d IH-1b Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program IH-1c CY 2007 Annual Report DA-4b DA-4a DA-1b DB-3 DA-1a Figure ES-2 Groundwater Sampling and Static Water Level Measurement Locations

Date: 5/2008 P:\P ro j e cts _ 20 0 7 \M c C h o rd \L

TM TL-4

_ 261.65 C Y 2 00 7

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te LT-11 r_ 262.67 !

T Monitor Wells a b le _ E le Qvr Water Table Elevation Contour v a tio TW-9 n s

. 267.05 m x d Base Boundary CR-02 AZ-06 266.17 268.76 Railroad Unpaved Roads Limits CW-15 UA-02 279.05 Drainage Limits 265.96 Fence CW-9 279.05 CW-14b 277.48 • CW-13 275.41 0 1,000 2,000 4,000

Feet

McChord AFB Base-Wide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program

Figure ES-3 Base-Wide Qvr Water Table Elevations March 2007

Date: 5/2008

1. INTRODUCTION

This report details the site history and setting at McChord Air Force Base (AFB) and presents the work activities that were completed under the Remedial Action-Operation (RA-O) Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) and Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) projects at McChord AFB during calendar year (CY) 2007. Tetra Tech EC, Inc. (TtEC) prepared this report in accordance with the requirements of the Air Force Installation Restoration Program (IRP) and the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE), as modified according to instructions from McChord AFB, 62 CES/CEV.

Field activities were conducted in accordance with the Quality Project Plans (QPP) (Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007b). Other concurrent projects at McChord AFB during CY 2007 included the RA-O Area D/American Lake Garden Tract (ALGT) and Site SS-34N projects.

At the request of the United States Air Force (Air Force), additional groundwater samples were collected from Sites LF-01, LF-02, and LF-06.

1.1 Air Force Installation Restoration Program A Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) between the Air Force; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 10; and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), signed August 23, 1989, governs the National Priorities List (NPL) sites at McChord AFB. A Consent Decree between McChord AFB and Ecology was signed February 27, 1992, to govern 29 other sites at the base. Air Force decision documents have been prepared for all 29 sites.

Since 1982, the Air Force has identified 62 IRP sites at McChord AFB. Three additional sites were added in 1984, 1989, and 1991. In response to potential risks posed by the sites, McChord AFB has investigated the sites and conducted remedial action where necessary. Area D/ALGT is the only operable unit remaining on the NPL. A contaminant plume from IRP Site LF-05 is being addressed under the Record of Decision (ROD) (EPA, McChord AFB, and Ecology 1991). The Notice of Deletion of the Washrack/Treatment Area (WTA) from the NPL, which included sites SD-54 and DP-60, was published in the Federal Register on September 26, 1996.

McChord AFB has requested the support of AFCEE and its contractor, TtEC, in implementing the Basewide LTM and MNA projects at McChord AFB. A list of key project personnel is presented in Appendix A.

1.2 Installation Description McChord AFB is an active military installation comprising 4,639 acres. It is located approximately 7 miles south of downtown Tacoma in Pierce County, Washington (Figure 1-1).

1.2.1 Geology The geology and hydrology of the base have been described by Griffin et al. (1962), Walters and Kimmel (1968), and Brown and Caldwell (1985). Additional hydrogeologic studies were conducted as part of the IRP-related investigations of the site, such as JRB Associates (1983), Shannon and

1-1 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Section 1

Wilson (1986), Science Applications International Corporation (1986), Envirosphere (1988), and Ebasco Environmental (1991 and 1992a).

McChord AFB is in the south-central portion of the Puget Trough, which is a large north-south trending structural depression bounded by the Cascade Mountains on the east and the Olympic Mountains on the west. The trough is filled with a thick sequence of Tertiary fluvial and shallow marine sediments. During the Quaternary period, a thick sequence of unconsolidated, fluvial, and glacial sediments were deposited on top of the older basin fill material. In the vicinity of McChord AFB, the sequence is up to 2,000 feet (ft) thick.

The Quaternary sequence beneath McChord AFB is composed of interbedded glacial and nonglacial sediments deposited during a series of glacial advances and retreats into the southern Puget Lowland. The Quaternary sequence underlying the base is summarized in Table 1-1 (Ebasco Environmental 1991).

Four glacial events have been identified in the Southern Puget Lowland sediments. From youngest to oldest, they are represented by (1) the Vashon Drift (Fraser), (2) pre-Vashon/post-Kitsap age undifferentiated till, (3) Salmon Springs Drift, and (4) Stuck Drift. One or more of the glacial sequence deposits of advance outwash, till, and recessional outwash have been recognized beneath McChord AFB.

Between each major glacial interval, fluvial and lacustrine deposits accumulated, forming three recognizable nonglacial units. From youngest to oldest, these are (1) unnamed nonglacial deposits of pre-Vashon/post-Kitsap age (noted as Undifferentiated Outwash and Lacustrine Silt in Table 1-1), (2) the Kitsap Formation, and (3) the Puyallup Formation.

At least two post-Kitsap glacial advances and retreats (the Vashon and an earlier occurrence) are evidenced in the stratigraphic record by the presence of sand and gravel lenses and till that cannot be assigned to a single glacial event.

Recent geologic processes in the Puget Sound region and central Pierce County include post-glacial erosion and deposition. Thin deposits of Recent age cover the project area discontinuously and consist predominantly of peat and stream alluvium. Topsoil has developed locally on top of the exposed Quaternary units. Fill, composed mainly of silty gravel and concrete rubble, is found within the boundaries of the base.

1.2.2 Groundwater Hydrology Two near-surface aquifers occur at McChord AFB that are commonly used for water supply systems in the area: the Vashon Drift/post-Kitsap Aquifer (commonly referred to as the Vashon Aquifer) and the Salmon Springs Aquifer. The Vashon Aquifer can be divided into the Vashon Recessional Outwash (Qvr) and Vashon Advance Outwash (Qva). Beneath most of the base, the Kitsap Aquitard separates these two aquifers.

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CONSENT DECREE SS-34N

NFRAP DP-60

CONSENT DECREE CONSENT DECREE SS-34 LF-02 CONSENT DECREE LF-01 CONSENT DECREE WP-44

AREA D/ALGT

CONSENT DECREE WP-64 NFRAP LF-06

McChord AFB Boundary

0 1,000 2,000 4,000

Feet

McChord AFB Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program CY 2007 Annual Report

Figure 1-1 Site Location Map

Date: 5/2008 Section 1

Table 1-1. Geologic Units Reported Beneath McChord AFB Thickness Hydrogeologic Geologic/Climatic Unit Geologic Unit Symbol Lithologic Description (feet) Designation Aquifer where Fill f Predominantly silty gravel with varying amounts of rubble. 0–20 saturated Recent Predominantly alluvium and colluvium, silt, sand, and gravel Recent Deposits Qr 0–10 with lesser amounts of organic depression fillings. Interbedded gravelly sand and sandy gravel with variable Vashon Recessional amounts of silt, typically medium dense to dense. Locally Vashon Drift/Post- Qvr 0–70 Outwash represented by a coarse open-work gravel facies of the Kitsap Aquifer Steilacoom Gravel (Qvs). Vashon Stade-Fraser Dense lodgment till and loose ablation till typically composed Glaciation (Vashon Drift) Vashon Till and Ice of gravelly sandy silt to silty sandy gravel, commonly 5–100; laterally Qvt Contact Deposits interbedded with poorly sorted, silty outwash sands and discontinuous gravels. Vashon Advance Interbedded, uniformly graded gravelly sand and sandy Qva 5–150 Outwash gravel with silt lenses; typically dense to very dense. Glacial and non-glacial lacustrine silt, locally organic rich, Pre-Vashon/Post-Kitsap Lacustrine Silt Qml 0–30 locally interbedded with fine sand and silty sand. (Olympia nonglacial and Alluvium and outwash, interbedded gravelly sand, uniformly Possession Glacial?) Undifferentiated Outwash Qv 0–90 graded sand and sandy gravel, with silt lenses. Non-glacial deposits of silt, sand, gravel, and clay with 5–150; laterally Whidbey? Interglacial Kitsap Formation Qk Kitsap Aquitard scattered ash, wood, and peat. discontinuous Salmon Springs Salmon Springs Salmon Springs Qssr Interbedded sand and gravel with silt and clay lenses. 60–100 Glaciation Recessional Outwash Aquifer Very dense, heterogeneous mixture of gravel, sand, clay, 2–55; laterally Salmon Springs Till Qsst and silt; discontinuous lenses commonly interbedded with discontinuous (Salmon Springs Drift) outwash. Salmon Springs Advance Qssa Interbedded sand and gravel with silt and clay lenses. 10–50 Outwash Puyallup Interglacial Alluvial deposits of interbedded silt and coarse-grained Puyallup Formation Qpy up to 135 Puyallup Aquitard sediment with mudflow deposits and ash.

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The Vashon Drift/post-Kitsap Aquifer comprises all of the Pleistocene deposits above the Kitsap Formation. It is equivalent to Hydrostratigraphic Layer A identified by Brown and Caldwell (1985). This aquifer actually contains several units with aquitard properties, including the Vashon Till (Qvt), a deeper undifferentiated till, and a lacustrine silt (Table 1-1). In some places beneath the base, these units may separate the Vashon Drift/post-Kitsap sequence into an upper unconfined and a lower confined aquifer. However, the aquitards are laterally discontinuous, and therefore have only local effects on the vertical movement of groundwater.

The depth to groundwater beneath most of the McChord AFB study area varies between 10 and 40 ft. Seasonal fluctuations of approximately 2 ft to as much as 10 ft have been noted in the water table elevations. The lowest levels are generally observed in late summer/early fall, and the highest levels generally occur in early spring. The predominant flow direction in the unconfined aquifer is to the northwest. On a local scale, however, the groundwater flow directions vary between westerly and northerly. Flow gradients beneath the base are also highly variable but average about 25 ft per mile (Brown and Caldwell 1985). The Vashon Aquifer receives precipitation recharge onbase, and creeks, such as Clover Creek, tend to lose water to the aquifer throughout the year (Ebasco Environmental 1992a). The unconfined aquifer is not known to discharge on base. There is generally a downward gradient within the upper aquifer and between the upper aquifer and the Salmon Springs Aquifer.

The Salmon Springs Aquifer comprises the entire Salmon Springs Drift and is equivalent to Hydrostratigraphic Layer C identified by Brown and Caldwell (1985). The bottom of the Salmon Springs Aquifer is bounded by the Puyallup Aquitard. The Salmon Springs Till is the only aquitard unit within this aquifer, but it is laterally discontinuous and is known to be absent in some areas beneath the base. Where the till is present, the Salmon Springs Aquifer may locally act as two distinct aquifers. Below Area D on base, a difference in head of 15 ft has been observed above and below the Salmon Springs Till (Ebasco Environmental 1991). The predominant groundwater flow direction within the Salmon Springs Aquifer is to the north or northwest, generally subparallel to the flow direction within the Vashon/post-Kitsap Aquifer, although locally the flow may be somewhat at variance with this general direction.

1.3 Site Inventory 1.3.1 Base Boundary Wells During CY 1994, the Air Force initiated long-term monitoring at the base boundary. The base boundary wells (resource protection wells CW-04, LT-2 through LT-11, but not including LT-8 and LT-9) were installed to monitor the quality of shallow groundwater exiting the base along the western and northern boundaries. These wells indirectly monitor a number of No Further Response Action Planned (NFRAP) sites that are located in the northern and western parts of the base. Most of these sites are near or under the existing runway, taxiway, or parking ramps. Sites in the northern and western portions of McChord AFB are indirectly monitored by the base boundary wells. There were no detections of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) above Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA) Method A cleanup levels during the CY 1994 through CY 2005 sampling events. Concentrations of total metals and dissolved metals reported in samples collected in CY 1994 and CY 1995 were within the background range for McChord AFB.

Because of the increased mobility of VOCs in comparison to other chemical compounds, VOCs would likely be the first chemical compounds detected if contaminated groundwater begins to move

1-6 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Section 1 off base. Using this rationale, the Air Force decided that sampling for VOCs would provide sufficient monitoring at the base boundary to detect unanticipated releases, an approach that also conserves environmental funds.

1.3.2 Consent Decree Sites During CY 1993, McChord AFB investigated 19 Consent Decree sites. Analytical results are presented in the Consent Decree Sites Field Summary Report (Enserch Environmental 1994a). During CY 1994, additional data were obtained to support activities at seven remaining Consent Decree sites. Results are presented in the Phase II Field Summary Report (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a) and the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for Site WP-44 (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c). Six of the 19 Consent Decree sites (LF-01, LF-02, SS-34, WP-44, DP-61, and WP-64) were listed on the state of Washington Hazardous Sites List (HSL) in 1995.

1.3.2.1 Site LF-01 Site LF-01 (historic landfill) is immediately west of the main entrance to McChord AFB, due west of the main gate and south of McChord Drive. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, Site LF-01 had reportedly been used to dispose of boiler ash and tree stumps. Waste types could include drums, construction debris, ash, and possibly aircraft parts (from burned Hangars 1 and 2).

Resource protection wells CW-1, CW-2, CW-3, and CW-4 were installed in 1993 and have been used to monitor the groundwater quality near Sites LF-01 and LF-02. Resource protection wells CW-35 and CW-36 were installed in 1998 and have also been used to monitor the groundwater quality near Sites LF-01 and LF-02. Resource protection well CW-4 is currently sampled every other year with the most recent sampling event conducted in September 2007.

In late CY 2004, construction activities associated with replacement of the main gate at McChord AFB encountered landfill debris (boiler ash). In December 2004, McChord AFB’s Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) flight scanned the covered landfill at Site LF-01 with an Mk Ferrous Ordnance Locator to locate the presence of ferrous metal. The scan revealed two potential areas of interest within Site LF-01; however, the scan could not identify buried drums.

Site LF-01 is currently on the Washington HSL (February 23, 2005, bulletin) with a ranking of 3 (medium level of concern on scale of 1 to 5) and the status is listed as Remedial Action (RA) completed, confirmational monitoring underway.

1.3.2.2 Site LF-02 Milburn Pond landfill (Site LF-02) is west of Site LF-01 and south of McChord Drive. The landfill reportedly was used for disposal of ash, including industrial, domestic, construction, and demolition debris, beginning in the mid-1950s through 1976.

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In December 2004, McChord AFB’s EOD flight scanned the covered landfills at Site LF-02 with an Mk Ferrous Ordnance Locator to locate the presence of ferrous metal. The scan revealed two potential areas of interest within Site LF-02; however, the scan could not identify buried drums.

Site LF-02 is currently on the Washington HSL (February 23, 2005, bulletin) with a ranking of 3 (medium level of concern on scale of 1 to 5) and the status is listed as RA completed, confirmational monitoring underway.

1.3.2.3 Site SS-34 Site SS-34 is in the northwestern portion of McChord AFB, east of the main gate. The site is associated with the JP-4 (now JP-8) bulk fuel storage area. Monitoring of the site began in the mid- 1980s and currently continues on a semiannual basis. In general, detections of compounds above MTCA Method A cleanup levels were reported at SS-34 and are related to total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) compounds; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX); gasoline-

range (C7–C12) TPH; and diesel-range (C12–C24) TPH.

McChord AFB chose intrinsic bioremediation (or natural attenuation) and long-term monitoring as the appropriate remedial action for Site SS-34. Evaluation of MNA parameters from groundwater samples collected beginning in CY 1995 show evidence that the fuel contamination at the site is actively being degraded by naturally occurring bacteria. McChord AFB incorporated the site into the Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program in fall 1995.

Construction activities associated with expansion of the bulk fuels storage that began in late CY 2004 (after the September 2004 sampling event) required the decommissioning of well DM-04. Wells DM-06 and UA-02 have been utilized for sampling of the site since March 2005.

Site SS-34 is currently on the Washington HSL (February 23, 2005, bulletin) with a ranking of 3 (medium level of concern on scale of 1 to 5) and the status is listed as construction completed, operations and maintenance underway underway.

1.3.2.4 Site WP-44 Site WP-44 encompasses the Transportation Area (motor pool) at McChord AFB. Monitoring of the site began in CY 1993 and currently continues on a semiannual basis. In general, detections of compounds exceeding MTCA Method A cleanup levels were reported at the site and are related to

BTEX and gasoline-range (C7–C12) and diesel-range (C12–C24) TPH.

McChord AFB chose intrinsic bioremediation (or natural attenuation) and long-term monitoring as the appropriate remedial action for Site WP-44 (Air Force 1996). A study completed in CY 1995 found evidence that the fuel contamination at the site was actively being degraded by naturally occurring bacteria (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c). McChord AFB incorporated the site into the Basewide Groundwater Monitoring Program in fall 1995.

In CY 1999, the Air Force demolished some of the older “temporary” buildings at the Transportation Area prior to re-paving the area. In fall 1999, during demolition of Building 762, a brick and mortar drywell was discovered beneath the foundation. Soils beneath the drywell were

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found to contain TPH and considered to be a potential source for the TPH contamination found in the groundwater beneath the site.

In February 2000, the Air Force excavated and recycled approximately 427 tons of TPH- contaminated soils associated with the inactive drywell. Clean borrow material from a non-industrial portion of McChord AFB was used to backfill the excavation prior to paving.

Since CY 2001, the Air Force has measured static water levels and performed semiannual sampling at the two site resource protection wells.

Site WP-44 is currently on the Washington HSL (February 23, 2005, bulletin) with a ranking of 3 (medium level of concern on scale of 1 to 5) and the status is listed as RA completed, confirmational monitoring underway.

1.3.2.5 Site WP-64 Site WP-64 is the former Entomology Shop Drywell located in the Base Civil Engineering Compound. In CY 1993, the drywell and associated contaminated soils were excavated and removed. In CY 2007, an additional 11.27 tons (approximately 10 cubic yards) of soil were removed and disposed of at the Columbia Ridge Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subtitle D landfill.

Groundwater at the site is monitored for pesticides on an annual basis. Monitoring of the site began in CY 1993 and has continued through March 2006 (when static water level elevations were high enough to permit sampling of the unconfined Qvr aquifer).

Site WP-64 is currently on the Washington HSL (February 23, 2005, bulletin) with a ranking of 5 (lowest level of concern on scale of 1 to 5) and the status is listed as RA conducted, residual contamination left, with institutional controls.

1.3.3 No Further Response Action Planned Sites Sixty-four of the 65 McChord AFB IRP sites are NFRAP sites. Site SS-34 was reopened in May 2000 in conjunction with the RI/FS being conducted at SS-34N. The NFRAP sites require no further response action beyond any actions that are currently being conducted at the sites, as documented in the 11 Air Force Decision Documents (Air Force 1990, 1991a, 1991b, 1993a, 1993b, 1993c, 1993d, 1994a, 1994b, 1994c, and 1996). The majority of the determinations, including monitoring requirements, have received Ecology and EPA concurrence.

The purpose of the LTM Program with respect to the NFRAP sites on McChord AFB is to provide early detection of unexpected groundwater degradation from the sites. The NFRAP wells are used to monitor groundwater quality downgradient of the NFRAP sites. Some of the NFRAP wells are also used to monitor the natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons present at site DP-60.

Chemical suite analysis at specific NFRAP sites (and corresponding years tested) include VOCs (CY 1993 through CY 2005); semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) (CY 1993 through CY 1995); pesticides/polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (CY 1993, CY 1994, CY 1999, CY 2000, CY 2002); TPH (CY 1993 through CY 2004); radionuclides (CY 1994, CY 1997); and Priority Pollutant (PP) metals (CY 1993 through CY 1998 and CY 2004).

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Historical detection trends have shown that inorganics and less volatile organics (e.g., SVOCs) are not migrating from the NFRAP sites. Based on the historical data, all of the NFRAP sites, except for DP-60, have been eliminated from the sampling schedule, beginning in CY 2006. Complete analytical results for CY 1993 through CY 2006 can be found in the following documents (complete document titles are presented in the reference list by author): CY 1993—Enserch Environmental 1994b CY 1994—Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995b CY 1995—URS Consultants, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1996 CY 1996—URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1997 CY 1997—URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1998 CY 1998—URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 CY 1999—URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 CY 2000—FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 CY 2001—Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 CY 2002—Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 CY 2003—Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 CY 2004—Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a CY 2005—Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a CY 2006—Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a 1.3.3.1 Site LF-06 Site LF-06 is in the southwestern portion of McChord AFB, west of an inactive base construction debris landfill. The site has been monitored since CY 1991. Sample results for CY 1994 through CY 1998, CY 2000, CY 2002, CY 2004, and CY 2007 do not indicate VOCs in groundwater that exceed the MTCA Method A cleanup levels. The site is monitored using resource protection well DA-4b.

1.3.3.2 Site DP-60 Site DP-60 encompasses the area defined by CH2M HILL (1982) as a former washrack (now inactive), two leach pits (now backfilled), an oil/water separator (skimmer), and IRP Site DP-60, which includes storm drainage infiltration ditches (now backfilled), and a thin layer of floating fuel. This area is referred to as the WTA and was listed on the NPL in 1987.

The WTA is within the northern industrial portion of the base, west of the instrument runway, and is within the industrial and operational activity areas associated with aircraft maintenance and flight

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operation. Formerly, aircraft were washed and drained of fuel at the WTA. The site encompasses a grassy area between C Ramp and D Ramp and includes a number of buildings.

The Air Force conducted an RI/FS (Ebasco Environmental 1992a) at the sites, and a ROD (Ebasco Environmental 1992b) was signed in 1992. Based on the pilot test conducted during the Remedial Design (RD), it was determined there was insufficient fuel to make fuel recovery feasible based on 19 test pits, 10 observation sumps, and 1 test trench adjacent to well CR-02. In an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD), prepared and released to the public in 1994 to document the changes made to the remedial action selected in the ROD after the pilot test, natural attenuation and monitoring were presented as the most cost-effective methods of treating the fuel contamination. Ecology and EPA concurred with the ESD, and McChord AFB placed wells associated with the WTA into the LTM Program in 1994.

In March 1995, EPA prepared a memorandum to incorporate a nonsignificant change to the ROD regarding this site—inclusion on the construction completion list—stating that “future response at this site does not require physical construction.”

In June 1995, EPA accepted McChord AFB’s Final Remedial Action Report for the WTA (Air Force 1995), agreeing with the Air Force that semiannual sampling of monitoring wells CR-02 and TW-9 for BTEX, TPH, and lead was appropriate to track the progress of natural attenuation. Ecology was concerned about the presence of inorganic compounds at concentrations above MTCA cleanup levels. Cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead were monitored downgradient from and adjacent to SD-54 (historical leach pits) to provide early warning of potential exceedences of the regulatory cleanup levels.

In October 1995, EPA began the process to remove the WTA from the NPL. A Notice of Intent to Delete Sites SD-54 and DP-60 within the WTA from the NPL was published in the Federal Register on July 22, 1996. The deletion process was completed on September 26, 1996, when the Notice of Deletion was published in the Federal Register. The Air Force, in consultation with Ecology, reduced the sampling to annual frequency in wells CR-02 and TW-9. The reason for the reduction was based on the historical contaminant trend and the recommendations in the CY 1997 Annual Report (URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1998). In September 1999, the 5-Year Review for the WTA was completed and signed by EPA and McChord AFB.

In September 2004 the Air Force, EPA, and Ecology completed the second 5-Year Review of the WTA (Air Force 2004). The report recommended eliminating sampling associated with Site SD-54.

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2. PROJECT ACTIVITIES

The RA-O LTM and MNA projects are intended to fulfill the long-term monitoring requirements for the base as detailed in the FFA, the Consent Decree, and the most recent QPP scoping documents (Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007b). The purpose of the projects is to provide compliance monitoring of remedial activities at various locations at McChord AFB and early detection of unanticipated releases from currently benign locations. The objective of this program is to implement comprehensive basewide groundwater quality monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of corrective actions and institutional controls.

2.1 Field Activities Field activities conducted during CY 2007 consisted of groundwater sampling throughout the base and measurement of static water levels at sampling locations (Figure 2-1). Field activities were conducted in accordance with the QPP prepared for basewide activities (Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007b).

2.1.1 Groundwater Sampling A summary of resource protection wells sampled during CY 2007 is presented on Table 2-1. A complete inventory of non-potable wells managed by McChord AFB is presented in Appendix F. Sampling in 2007 was conducted during March, September, and December. A summary of analytical suites and analytical methods for CY 2007 groundwater sampling is presented on Table 2-2.

2.1.2 Static Water Level Measurements Static water levels were measured at each resource protection well prior to sampling during the quarterly events (Table 2-1).

2.1.3 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control The Field Quality Assurance (QA)/Quality Control (QC) Program included the use of personnel who are familiar with McChord AFB and who have expertise in sampling, collection of field QA/QC samples (field duplicates, trip blanks, source water blank, equipment blanks), the use of approved sampling methods and equipment, and the peer review of sampling record keeping (e.g., chain-of-custody). Field documentation is presented in Appendix B. Chain-of-custody forms are presented in Appendix C.

2.2 Laboratory Analysis During CY 2007, environmental groundwater samples and associated field QC samples were collected and sent to Laucks Testing Laboratories, Seattle, Washington. A summary of the groundwater sample quantities is presented on Table 2-3.

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2-2 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 P: \Pro ject s_20

07\Mc CW-26 Resource Protection Wells Sampled at McChord Air Force Base DA-29 under the Area D/American Lake Garden Tract Pump And Chor Treat Program in CY 2007 d\

L IW-28 T M_CY Resource Protection Wells Sampled at McChord Air Force Base IW-21 2007\maps\F CW-39 CW-9 under the Groundwater Monitoring Program at Multiple Sites IW-24 in CY 2007 LT-4 LT-3 IW-14 CW-37 LT-2 IW-29 IW-1 ig IW-17 ure2 CW-25 Additional Existing Resource Protection Wells at McChord

-1. CW-20 IW-7 Air Force Base in CY 2007 mxd LT-5 CW-40 IW-6 IW-5 IW-18 IW-2 IW-9 IW-30 IW-15 LT-10 IW-12 IW-16 Resource Protection Wells at McChord Air Force Base for the IW-19 IW-3 CW-45 IW-10 Site SS-34 Remedial Action - Operation Project IW-8 IW-20 CW-41a CW-41 CW-44 IW-4 Basemap LT-6 IW-31 IW-22 IW-13 IW-11 Base Boundary CW-11 CW-43

IW-25 LT-11

CW-32a CW-62 CW-32b CW-52 CW-54 CW-32c CW-61 CW-53 TW-9 CW-65a LT-7 CW-45 CW-58 CR-01 CR-02 CW-46 CW-38 CW-59 CW-47 CW-60 CW-48 CW-50 CW-49 MW-40 CW-29b CW-20

AZ-06 CW-51 CW-31a CW-4 AZ-04 CW-31b CW-31c UA-02 MF-3 MF-4 DM-06 CW-3 MF-1 MF-2

CW-35 CW-15c CW-12 CW-2 CW-15d CW-15 CW-22 CW-1 CW-23 CW-36 CW-9 CW-14b CW-14a CW-24

CW-18c CW-18d

LT-9 0 1,000 2,000 4,000

DO-5b FTA-4a FTA-6a DA-13a DR-05 DO-2 FTA-4b Feet DO-5a DA-28 DX-2 DA-29 DO-3 EH-4b FTA-2a DA-11a DT-2 DB-6 DA-9b FTA-5a LT-8 DA-11b DX-3 DA-12e DA-30a DA-21b DT-1 DA-30b DA-21a CW-13 DX-1 DA-25b DA-7b DA-6a DZ-13 CW-33c DA-7e CW-33d EPA-W-5 IH-3b IH-2b IH-3c DB-11 IH-2a DA-2b DA-2c McChord AFB DA-2a DA-2d Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and IH-1a CW-34c CW-34d IH-1b Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program IH-1c CY 2007 Annual Report DA-4b DA-4a DA-1b DB-3 DA-1a Figure 2-1 Groundwater Sampling and Static Water Level Measurement Locations

Date: 5/2008 Section 2

Table 2-1. Summary of Groundwater Sampling and Water Level Measurement Locations

Survey Data1 Screen Interval (ft-bgs) Ground Boring Casing Sampling PVC Elev. Elev. Depth Diameter Drilling Aquifer Site/Area Location Northing Easting (ft–NGVD) (ft-NGVD) (ft) (inch) Top Bottom Method Drilling Company Screened Boundary Wells CW-4 664935 1500760 284.29 282.7 29.5 2 16.9 26.9 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qvr LT-2 670681 1509089 286.55 284.6 26 2 11.6 21.6 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr LT-3 670734 1506793 275.89 276.4 36 2 11 31 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr LT-4 670852 1505537 283.25 281.6 49.5 2 16.3 26.3 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr LT-10 669713 1504250 274.39 274.9 26 2 14.5 24.5 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr LT-11 667648 1503719 273.37 273.5 30 2 17.5 27.5 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr MTCA Consent CW-3 664489 1501792 279.25 277.7 48.5 2 12.5 22.5 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qvr Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 CW-35 664008 1500738 286.52 283.1 34.5 2 23.5 33.5 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr CW-36 663215 1501982 288.63 286.4 32.5 2 21.5 31.5 HSA Cascade Drilling Qvr MTCA Consent AZ-06 664958 1502944 292.17 292.4 53 2 13 53 HSA Subterranean Qvr/Qvt Decree Site SS-34 DM-06 664549 1502545 293.96 292.3 35.5 2 15 35 CT Holt Drilling Qvr/Qvt UA-02 664750 1502513 293.56 292.2 39.2 4 17.7 37.7 CT Holt Drilling Qvr MTCA Consent CW-9 663418 1504325 299.9 300.4 33.5 2 22 32 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qvr Decree Site WP-44 CW-14b 662984 1504374 305.28 305.3 48 2 43 46 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qvr CW-15 663945 1504604 292.20 292.4 28 2 17 27 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qvr MTCA Consent Decree Site CW-13 660349 1504502 297.15 297.2 28 2 16 26 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qvr WP-64 NFRAP Site LF-06 DA-4b 658044 1500926 284.40 283.0 68.5 2 60.9 65.9 HSA Soil Sampling Svc Qva NFRAP Site DP-60 CR-02 665906 1505167 275.73 276.6 40 6 8 38 BA Stang Hydonic, Inc. Qvr/Qvt TW-9 666226 1505093 276.62 276.6 30.3 2 4.5 24.5 HSA Kring Drilling Co. Qvr/Qvt 1 Horizontal datum is North American Datum (NAD) 27, Washington South Zone; vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) 1929. BA = bucket auger CT = cable tool HSA = hollow-stem auger

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Table 2-2. Summary of Groundwater Sampling Analytical Program

MNA Number of VOCs BTEX TPH (C7-C12) TPH (C12-C24) TPH (C24–C40) Parameters Site/Area Well Sample Events (SW8260B) (SW8021B) (NWTPH-Gx) (NWTPH-Dx) (NWTPH-Dx) (Various) Boundary Wells CW-4 1 X LT-2 1 X LT-3 1 X LT-4 1 X LT-10 1 X LT-11 1 X MTCA Consent Decree Sites CW-3 1 X LF-01 and LF-02 CW-35 1 X CW-36 1 X MTCA Consent Decree Site AZ-06 2 X X X X X SS-34 DM-06 1 X X X X X UA-02 1 X X X X X MTCA Consent Decree Site CW-9 2 X X X X X WP-44 CW-14b 2 X X X X X NFRAP Site LF-06 DA-4b 1 X NFRAP Site DP-60 CR-02 1 X X X TW-9 1 X X X

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Table 2-3. Summary of Groundwater Sample Quantities

General Analyte Suite/Analytical Method Water Quality

VOCs BTEX TPH-G (C7–C12) TPH-D (ext) (C12–24) TPH (C24–C40) SW8260B SW8021B NWTPH-Gx NWTPH-Dx NWTPH-Dx Various1 March 07 Environmental 3 4 4 6 6 7 Field Duplicates 1 1 1 1 1 0 Equipment Blanks 1 1 1 1 1 0 Trip Blanks 1 2 2 N/A N/A N/A Total Analyses 6 8 8 8 8 7 September 07 Environmental 6 4 4 4 4 0 Field Duplicates 1 1 1 1 1 0 Equipment Blanks 1 1 1 1 1 0 Trip Blanks 1 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Total Analyses 9 7 7 6 6 0 December 07 Environmental 1 0 0 0 0 0 Field Duplicates 0 0 0 0 0 0 Equipment Blanks 1 0 0 0 0 0 Trip Blanks 1 0 0 N/A N/A N/A Total Analyses 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 General Water Quality = nitrate/sulfate/chloride (E300); sulfide (E376.2); alkalinity (E310.1); and ferrous iron (SM3500).

2.2.1 Analytical Program Analyte suites are analyzed using methods specified in the approved QPP (Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007b). Reporting limits or practical quantitation limits (PQLs) achieved for the analytical suites are shown on Tables 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6.

2.2.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program The QA objective for measurement in terms of precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability (PARCC) parameters for the Basewide LTM and the RA-O MNA projects is to ensure that environmental monitoring data of known and acceptable quality are provided. Field and laboratory QC procedures in the approved QPP are implemented to achieve the QA objective.

2.3 Data Evaluation 2.3.1 Methodology for Data Quality Assessment Field measurement and analytical data were evaluated with respect to the PARCC goals included in the approved Groundwater Monitoring Program Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) to determine the acceptability of the data. Holding times were also evaluated to determine if samples were analyzed within the method-specific requirements.

2.3.2 Data Analysis and Interpretation Sample package narratives and an internal data QA/QC review are presented in Appendix D.

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Table 2-4. Reporting Limits for Volatile Organics by EPA Methods 8021B and 8260B

Groundwater Reporting Limit Analytes (μg/L) Volatile Organics by SW8021B Dichlorodifluoromethane 0.5 Chloromethane 0.5 Vinyl chloride 0.5 Bromomethane 3.0 Chloroethane 0.5 Trichlorofluoromethane 0.5 1,1-Dichloroethene 0.5 Methylene chloride 3.0 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.5 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.5 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.5 Chloroform 0.5 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.3 Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.3 Trichloroethene 0.5 1,2-Dichloropropane 0.4 Dibromomethane 0.8 Bromodichloromethane 0.5 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 0.5 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 0.5 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.2 Tetrachloroethene 0.3 Chlorodibromomethane 0.5 Chlorobenzene 0.5 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.5 Bromoform 0.5 Bromobenze 0.8 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.3 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.5 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 Benzene 0.5 Toluene 0.5 Ethylbenzene 0.5 M,p-Xylene 0.5 o-Xylene 0.5 Total Xylenes 0.6

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Table 2-4. Reporting Limits for Volatile Organics by EPA Methods 8021B and 8260B (Concluded) Groundwater Reporting Limit Analytes (μg/L) Volatile Organics by SW8260B Chloromethane 1.0 Vinyl chloride 0.5 Bromomethane 1.0 Chloroethane 1.0 1,1-Dichloroethene 1.0 Carbon Disulfide 5.0 Methylene chloride 5.0 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 1.0 1,1-Dichloroethane 1.0 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 1.0 Chloroform 1.0 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1.0 Carbon tetrachloride 1.0 Benzene 1.0 1,2-Dichloroethane 1.0 Trichloroethene 1.0 1,2-Dichloropropane 1.0 Bromodichloromethane 5.0 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 1.0 Toluene 1.0 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 1.0 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1.0 Tetrachloroethene 1.0 2-Hexanone 5.0 Dibromochloromethane 5.0 Chlorobenzene 1.0 Ethylbenzene 1.0 M,p-Xylene 1.0 o-Xylene 1.0 Styrene 1.0 Bromoform 1.0 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1.0 Dichlorodifluoromethane 1.0 Trichlorofluoromethane 1.0 Methyl tert-butyl ether 1.0 Acetone 5.0 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 5.0 2-Butanone —

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Table 2-5. Reporting Limits for TPH by Methods NWTPH-Gx and NWTPH-Dx

Groundwater Analyte (μg/L)

Gasoline (C7–C12) 25

Diesel (C12–C24) 100

Motor Oil (C24–C36) 400

Table 2-6. Reporting Limits for Intrinsic Remediation Parameters

Groundwater Analyte Methods of Analysis (mg/L) Nitrate E300 0.2 Chloride E300 1.0 Sulfate E300 1.0 Ferrous Iron SM3500 0.1 Sulfide E376.2 0.1 Total Alkalinity E310.1 5.0

2.3.2.1 Holding Times In general, all samples were received, extracted, and analyzed within the specified holding times for the methods employed. Exceptions, none of which have a negative impact on the data, are discussed in Appendix D.

2.3.2.2 Precision Precision goals are 30 percent for laboratory analyses, 10 percent for field analyses, and +0.05 ft for static water level measurements. Laboratory precision is evaluated using relative percent difference (RPD) calculated for field duplicates, laboratory duplicates, matrix spike (MS), and matrix spike duplicate (MSD) data. Field precision is evaluated using RPDs calculated for duplicate measurements.

In general, RPDs for laboratory analyses were within the specified laboratory control limits for the methods employed. RPDs for total xylenes and TPH were slightly above the 30 percent goal during the September 2007 sampling event.. Laboratory RPDs that were out-of-control, and the corrective actions that were taken as necessary, are discussed in Appendix D.

RPDs calculated for field duplicate samples in which analytes were detected in both samples are presented on Table 2-7. With respect to precision goals, the laboratory and field data are considered valid for the intended purpose.

2.3.2.3 Accuracy Accuracy goals for laboratory analyses include recoveries of 75 to 125 percent for MS/MSD, blank spike/blank spike duplicate (BS/BSD), and surrogate recovery samples. Accuracy goals also include target compound concentrations less than PQLs in laboratory method blanks, field blanks, and trip blanks. Accuracy goals for field analyses include the following:

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pH ≤ 0.05 units Specific conductance ≤ 10 micromhos per centimeter (μmhos/cm) Temperature ≤ 1 degree Celsius (°C) Turbidity ≤ 0.1 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ≤ 0.5 percent Oxidation-Reduction Potential +/- 10 millivolts (mV) (ORP)

Table 2-7. Relative Percent Differences for Field Duplicates

TPH by BTEX by 8021B NWTPH-Gx TPH by NWTPH-Dx Total Ethyl- Xylene TPH TPH Sample Benzene Toluene benzene s (C7-C12) (C12-C24) (C24-C40) Well ID No. Date (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) CW-9 GM-07-009 03/07/07 2.5 0.4 0.94 1.5 520 600 <400 CW-9 (dup) GM-07-011 03/07/07 2.5 0.39 1.1 1.4 400 590 <400 RPD 0.00% 2.53% 15.69% 6.90% 26.09% 1.68% NA CW-14b GM-07-029 09/25/07 0.88 <0.3 <0.2 0.51 130 2,700 300 CW-14b (dup) GM-07-030 09/25/07 0.84 <0.3 <0.2 0.73 130 2,800 450 RPD 4.65% NA NA 35.48% 0.00% 3.64% 40.00% RPD = Relative Percent Difference; dup = duplicate NA = Not applicable as concentrations were below reporting limits.

In general, MS/MSD, BS/BSD, and surrogate recovery samples were within the control limits for the methods employed. Out-of-control recoveries and the corrective action taken, if necessary, are discussed in Appendix D.

In general, field analyses and field blank samples (equipment blanks and trip blanks) were within the project accuracy goals. Detections in blanks are discussed in Appendix D.

With respect to accuracy goals, the laboratory and field data are considered valid for the intended purpose.

2.3.2.4 Representativeness The qualitative goal for representativeness is to collect a sufficient number of samples representative of environmental conditions at McChord AFB. Representativeness was assessed by implementation of the approved QPP (Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007b).

Sample locations, sample analyses, and standard operating procedures for sample collection and documentation were consistent for the three sampling events and complied with the approved QPP.

With respect to representativeness goals, the sampling data are considered valid for the intended purpose.

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2.3.2.5 Comparability The qualitative goal for comparability is to obtain sample data in CY 2007 that are comparable to data obtained during prior sampling events at McChord AFB.

Standard operating procedures and analytical methodologies similar to previous sampling events were implemented by qualified field personnel during the CY 2007 sampling events. The CY 2007 analytical results for all analytical suites were consistent with prior sampling programs at McChord AFB, as discussed in Section 4.

With respect to comparability goals, the sampling data are considered valid for the intended purpose.

2.3.2.6 Completeness Completeness is evaluated as the percent of measurements made that are judged to be valid. Completeness goals are 95 percent for field sampling, field measurements, and laboratory analyses. All samples were analyzed by the laboratory as requested. Overall, the CY 2007 field program met the 95 percent goal.

With respect to completeness goals, the sampling and measurement data are considered sufficient in number and valid for the intended purpose.

2.4 Monitored Natural Attenuation The Air Force has been evaluating NFRAP Site DP-60, MTCA Site SS-34, and MTCA Site WP-44 since CY 1995 for evidence of ongoing intrinsic bioremediation, also known as natural attenuation. The evaluation includes testing groundwater for parameters including alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, sulfide, dissolved oxygen, and redox, or ORP. Dissolved oxygen and ORP have been measured in the field; the remaining parameters have been analyzed at a fixed-base laboratory.

A summary of intrinsic bioremediation results from CY 1995 through CY 2006 is presented in Table 2-8. Data collected during CY 2007 are consistent with the geometric mean for data collected since CY 1995. Evaluation of intrinsic bioremediation is determined by comparing sampling results from site resource protection wells with BTEX and TPH contaminants with the sampling results from well CW-15, which is used as a background well because BTEX and TPH contaminants have not been detected in this well. The comparison provides evidence that intrinsic bioremediation is occurring:

Ferrous iron (Fe++) concentrations are elevated in the site wells, indicating that reducing conditions prevail, consistent with anaerobic degradation. Nitrate concentrations are lower in the site wells, along with dissolved oxygen, consistent with biological depletion. Sulfate concentrations are lower in the site wells, similar to nitrate and dissolved oxygen, consistent with biological depletion. ORP is lower in the site wells, which can be indicative of reductive conditions.

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Table 2-8. Summary of Intrinsic Bioremediation Parameters from CY 1995 to CY 2007

++ Sample Alkalinity Chloride Fe Nitrate Sulfide Sulfate DO ORP (EH) Site Well ID Sampling Event Population (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mV) Control CW-15 CY 2007 1 25 2.3 0.67 0.69 0.05 4 10.4 145 Mean (1995–2007) 10 29 2.9 0.49 1.62 0.07 9.05 6.10 309 MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 AZ-06 CY 2007 1 30 1.9 2.7 0.39 0.05 8.7 4 35 Mean (1995–2007) 15 41 1.8 5.64 0.14 0.10 1.19 0.95 170 DM-04 CY 2004 1 95 1.0 2.90 0.10 0.50 0.05 1.60 58 Mean (1995–2004) 12 79 1.3 10.12 0.09 0.31 0.10 1.24 180 UA-02 CY 2007 1 40 3 0.25 0.34 0.05 8.4 NA NA Mean (2006–2007) 2 39 3 0 0 0 8 10 106 NFRAP Site DP-60 CR-02 CY 2007 1 44 5.1 2.9 0.1 0.36 0.5 4.3 -13 Mean (1995–2007) 14 46 3.5 4.94 0.07 0.13 0.47 1.12 144 TW-9 CY 2007 1 42 5.6 3.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 7.9 37 Mean (1995–2007) 14 51 3.7 5.36 0.07 0.09 0.35 1.38 165 MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 CW-9 CY 2007 1 130 7.1 3.5 0.1 0.05 1.7 4.3 -4 Mean (1995–2007) 15 93 2.4 0.64 0.16 0.07 1.59 2.10 205 CW-14b CY 2007 1 170 5 5.6 0.1 0.18 0.5 4.9 -22 Mean (1995–2007) 15 180 6.8 5.07 0.07 0.11 0.35 1.03 104 CW-15 Values Compared to Site Wells Low Same Low High Same High High High Site Well Values Compared to CW-15 High Same High Low Same Low Low Low Note: Values represent geometric means for all parameters except ORP, for which an arithmetic mean was used because negative readings occurred during some events. Bold-faced type indicates intrinsic remediation is occurring for that analytical parameter in site wells. NA = not analyzed; DO = dissolved oxygen

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3. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS RESULTS

3.1 Field Parameters Field parameters were measured before the samples were collected using an in-line instrument and low-flow purging techniques. A summary of field parameter results is presented in Table 3-1. Ranges and averages for field parameters measured during March 2007 and September 2007 are presented in Tables 3-2 and 3-3.

Table 3-1. Summary of Field Parameters Specific Dissolved Measurement Temperature Conductance pH Turbidity Oxygen ORP (EH) Well ID Date (°C) (μmhos/cm) (units) (NTUs) (mg/L) (mV) Boundary Wells LT-2 03/06/07 14.60 160 7.79 17 8.1 158 LT-4 03/06/07 15.90 110 7.79 450 6.4 154 LT-11 03/06/07 13.20 170 7.85 48 10.3 161 CW-4 09/21/07 13.84 64 6.10 26 8.9 209 LT-3 09/21/07 17.06 147 6.09 1 6.0 203 LT-10 09/21/07 16.73 139 6.77 55 5.5 219 MTCA Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 CW-35 09/21/07 NM-B NM-B NM-B NM-B NM-B NM-B CW-36 09/21/07 15.70 141 6.77 43 8.6 207 CW-3 12/10/07 14.07 181 6.18 17 10.0 302 MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 AZ-06 03/08/07 14.50 100 7.83 203 4.0 35 09/25/07 15.30 161 6.62 137 2.3 -3 DM-06 09/25/07 15.65 186 6.46 936 9.3 35 UA-02 03/07/07 NM NM NM NM NM NM MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 CW-14b 03/07/07 14.50 390 7.85 45 4.9 -22 09/25/07 16.29 342 6.57 20 0.4 -70 CW-9 03/07/07 16.70 320 8.24 28 4.3 -4 09/25/07 18.13 326 6.24 22 0.6 -51 CW-15 03/07/07 12.6 80 7.69 98 10.4 145 NFRAP Site LF-06 DA-4b 09/24/07 12.71 122 7.24 15 2.1 427 NFRAP Site DP-60 CR-02 03/08/07 12.70 130 8.03 38 4.3 -13 TW-9 03/08/07 12.90 NA 7.85 326 7.9 37 MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-64 CW-13 03/07/07 NM-D NM-D NM-D NM-D NM-D NM-D NM-B = No measurement; sample collected via bailer due to low water level. NM-D = No measurement; well purged dry prior to sampling. NM = not measured

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Table 3-2. Summary of Field Parameters—March 2007

Parameter Range Mean Temperature 12.60 to 16.70°C 14.11°C Specific Conductance 80 to 320 μmhos/cm 158 μmhos/cm pH 7.69 to 8.24 units 7.88 units Turbidity 17 to 450 NTUs 79 NTU DO 4.0 to 10.4 mg/L 6.3 mg/L ORP -22 to 161 mV 72 mV Note: Values represent geometric means for all parameters except ORP, for which an arithmetic mean was used because negative readings occurred during some events.

Table 3-3. Summary of Field Parameters—September 2007

Parameter Range Mean Temperature 12.71 to 18.13 °C 15.63 °C Specific Conductance 64 to 342 μmhos/cm 162 μmhos/cm pH 6.09 to 7.24 units 6.53 units Turbidity 1 to 936 NTUs 35 NTUs DO 0.4 to 9.3 mg/L 3.1 mg/L ORP -70 to 427 mV 131 mV Note: Values represent geometric means for all parameters except ORP, for which an arithmetic mean was used because negative readings occurred during some events.

3.2 Chemical Analytical Data Analytical laboratory data, including environmental sample, field QA/QC sample, and laboratory QC sample results are presented in Appendix E.

3.2.1 Base Boundary Wells Samples collected at six resource protection wells (CW-4, LT-2, LT-3, LT-4, LT-10, and LT-11) associated with the base boundary were analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260B. There were no reported concentrations of VOCs above the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) or MTCA Method A cleanup levels as shown in a summary of results presented in Table 3-4.

3.2.2 Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 Samples collected at four resource protection wells (CW-3, CW-4, CW-35, and CW-36) associated with Sites LF-01 and LF-02 were analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260B. There were no reported concentrations of VOCs above the EPA MCL or MTCA Method A cleanup levels as shown in a summary of results presented in Table 3-5.

3.2.3 Consent Decree Site SS-34 Samples collected at three resource protection wells (AZ-06, DM-06, and UA-02) associated with Consent Decree Site SS-34 were analyzed for BTEX compounds by EPA Method 8021B; gasoline- range TPH (C7–C12), diesel-range TPH (C12–C24), and oils (C24–C36) by approved Northwest total petroleum hydrocarbon (NWTPH) methods; and additional parameters (dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, chloride, ferrous iron, nitrate, ORP, sulfide, and sulfate) for MNA evaluation. Chemical analytical results are summarized in Tables 3-6 and 3-7.

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Table 3-4. Summary of VOC Detections in Base Boundary Resource Protection Wells

Concentration (μg/L) Vinyl cis-1,1- Sample Location Sample ID Date Chloride 1,1-DCE DCE TCE Boundary Wells CW-4 GM-07-020 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 LT-10 GM-07-022 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 LT-11 GM-07-003 03/06/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 LT-2 GM-07-001RX 03/06/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 LT-3 GM-07-021 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 LT-4 GM-07-002 03/06/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 QC (Field) Duplicate (LT-11) GM-07-005 03/06/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Equipment Blank GM-07-004 03/06/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Duplicate (LT-10) GM-07-023 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Equipment Blank GM-07-024 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 TripBlank GM-07-017 03/07/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 TripBlank GM-07-034 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 MTCA Method A/B Cleanup Levels 0.2 0.07 70 5

Table 3-5. Summary of VOC Detections in Sites LF-01 and LF-02 Resource Protection Wells

Concentration (μg/L) Sample Location Sample ID Date Vinyl Chloride 1,1-DCE cis-1,1-DCE TCE MTCA Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 CW-3 GM-07-035 12/10/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.57 CW-4 GM-07-020 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 CW-35 GM-07-025 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.79 CW-36 GM-07-026 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.1 QC (Field) Duplicate (LT-10) GM-07-023 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Equipment Blank GM-07-024 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Equipment Blank RI-07-112 12/12/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 TripBlank GM-07-034 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 TripBlank RI-07-114 12/12/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 MTCA Method A/B Cleanup Levels 0.2 0.07 70 5

BTEX compounds were not detected above MTCA Method A cleanup levels. Concentrations of gasoline-range TPH (C7−C12) and diesel-range TPH (C12–C24) were reported in resource protection well AZ-06 at concentrations above the MTCA Method A cleanup levels. Concentrations of TPH in resource protection wells DM-06 and UA-02 were all below MTCA Method A cleanup levels.

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Table 3-6. Summary of BTEX, TPH, and Lead Detections at Sites SS-34, WP-44, and DP-60

Concentrations in μg/L Ethyl- total TPH TPH TPH Well ID Sample No. Date Benzene Toluene benzene m,p-Xylene o-Xylene Xylenes (C7-C12) (>C12-C24) (C24-C40) MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 AZ-06 GM-07-015 03/8/07 <0.2 <0.3 0.21 P 1.0 P <0.2 1.0 P 600 1,500 <400 AZ-06 GM-07-032 09/25/07 1.2 <0.3 3.4 12 1.6 P 14 1,700 4,000 <200 DM-06 GM-07-033 09/25/07 0.46 <0.3 0.4 0.71 0.31 1 41 71 <210 UA-02 GM-07-016 030/7/07 <0.2 <0.3 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 <0.2 <25 <100 <400 MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 CW-9 GM-07-009 03/07/07 2.5 0.4 0.94 0.54 0.96 1.5 520 600 <400 CW-9 GM-07-028 09/25/07 8.2 0.95 2.3 1.7 0.26 P 1.9 1,500 1,300 290 CW-14b GM-07-010 03/07/07 0.95 <0.3 <0.2 0.48 0.2 0.48 170 4,100 1,100 CW-14b GM-07-029 09/25/07 0.88 <0.3 <0.2 0.51 <0.2 0.51 <250 2,700 300 GM-07- CW-14b 029RE 09/25/07 NA NA NA NA NA NA 130 NA NA NFRAP Site DP-60 CR-02 GM-07-013 03/08/07 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,100 500 TW-9 GM-07-014 03/08/07 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 700 630 QC (Field) CW-9 (Dup) GM-07-011 03/07/07 2.5 0.39 1.1 0.51 0.9 1.4 400 590 <400 CW-14b (Dup) GM-07-030 09/25/07 0.84 <0.3 <0.2 0.58 <0.2 0.73 NA 2,800 450 GM-07- CW-14b (Dup) 030RE 09/25/07 NA NA NA NA NA NA 130 NA NA Equipment Blank GM-07-012 03/08/07 0.2 1.4 0.36 0.47 0.38 0.86 <25 <110 <430 Equipment Blank GM-07-031 09/24/07 <0.2 <0.3 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 0.31 <25 <47 <190 TripBlank GM-07-018 03/08/07 <0.2 <0.3 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 <0.2 <25 NA NA TripBlank GM-07-019 03/08/07 <0.2 <0.3 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 <0.2 <25 NA NA TripBlank GM-07-034 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <25 NA NA MTCA Method A Cleanup Level or RAO 5 1,000 700 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 500 Goal Note: Detections equal to or above MTCA Method A cleanup levels are in bold-face type. Qualifiers: D = Result from diluted analysis. B and J = Result is less than practical quantitation limit—result is estimated. P = Dual-column results differ by greater than 25 percent—higher value is reported. NA = Sample was not collected for this analysis.

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Table 3-7. Summary of Monitored Natural Attenuation Parameters at Sites SS-34, WP-44, and DP-60

Dissolved Redox Concentration (μg/L) Sample Oxygen (EH) Ferrous Site/Area Well ID Date (mg/L) 1 (mV) 1 Alkalinity Chloride Iron Nitrate Sulfide Sulfate MTCA Consent AZ-06 030/8/07 4 35 30 1.9 2.7 0.39 0.05 8.7 Decree Site UA-02 SS-34 03/07/07 NA NA 40 3 0.25 0.34 0.05 8.4 MTCA Consent CW-9 03/07/07 4.3 -4 130 7.1 3.5 0.1 0.05 1.7 Decree site CW-14b 03/07/07 4.9 -22 170 5 5.6 0.1 0.18 0.5 WP-44 CW-15 03/07/07 10.4 145 25 2.3 0.67 0.69 0.05 4 NFRAP Site CR-02 03/08/07 4.3 -13 44 5.1 2.9 0.1 0.36 0.5 DP-60 TW-9 03/08/07 7.9 37 42 5.6 3.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 1 Field measurements

3.2.4 Consent Decree Site WP-44 Samples collected at resource protection wells CW-9 and CW-14b associated with Consent Decree Site WP-44 were also analyzed for BTEX and TPH compounds and the MNA parameters. Chemical analytical results are summarized in Tables 3-6 and 3-7.

Benzene was reported above the MTCA Method A cleanup level in resource protection well CW-9 during the September 2007 sampling event. Concentrations of all other BTEX compounds were below MTCA Method A cleanup levels in both resource protection wells. Concentrations of

gasoline-range TPH (C7−C12) and diesel-range TPH (C12–C24) were reported in resource protection wells CW-9 and CW-14b at concentrations above the MTCA Method A cleanup levels.

3.2.5 Consent Decree Site WP-64 Resource protection well CW-13 was sampled not sampled during CY 2007 due to insufficient recharge.

3.2.6 NFRAP Site LF-06 A sample collected at resource protection well DA-4b was analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260B. There were no reported concentrations of VOCs above the EPA MCL or MTCA Method A cleanup levels as shown in a summary of results presented in Table 3-8.

Table 3-8. Summary of VOC Detections in Site LF-06 Resource Protection Wells

Concentration (μg/L) Sample Location Sample ID Date Vinyl Chloride 1,1-DCE cis-1,1-DCE TCE NFRAP Site LF-06 DA-4b GM-07-027 09/24/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 QC (Field) Duplicate (LT-10) GM-07-023 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Equipment Blank GM-07-024 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 TripBlank GM-07-034 09/21/07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 MTCA Method A/B Cleanup Levels 0.2 0.07 70 5

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3.2.7 NFRAP Site DP-60 Samples collected at resource protection wells CR-02 and TW-9 were analyzed for diesel-range TPH and MNA parameters. Chemical analytical results are summarized in Tables 3-6 and 3-7.

BTEX compounds, gasoline-range TPH (C7−C12), and lead were not detected above MTCA Method A cleanup levels or site Remedial Action Objective (RAO) goals in either resource protection well.

Concentrations of diesel-range TPH (C12–C24) were reported in both resource protection wells at concentrations above the MTCA Method A cleanup levels.

3.3 Static Water Level Measurement Data Static water level measurements were collected during each scheduled groundwater sampling event. A summary of CY 2007 static water level elevations is presented in Table 3-9; a basewide Qvr groundwater elevation contour map is presented on Figure 3-1.

Table 3-9. Summary of CY 2007 Static Water Level Elevations Quarter 1 Quarter 3 (March 2007) (September 2007) SWL Elevations SWL Elevations Site/Area Well ID (ft-NGVD) (ft-NGVD) Boundary Wells CW-4 — 259.77 LT-2 275.34 — LT-3 — 262.39 LT-4 261.65 — LT-10 — 255.94 LT-11 262.67 — MTCA/LF-01/02 CW-4 — 259.77 CW-35 — 259.44 CW-36 — 259.26 MTCA/SS-34 AZ-06 268.76 262.93 DM-06 — 259.76 UA-02 265.96 — MTCA/WP-44 CW-9 279.05 274.52 CW-14b 277.48 272.14 CW-15 275.27 — MTCA/WP-64 CW-13 275.41 — NFRAP/LF-06 DA-4b — 260.80 NFRAP/DP-60 CR-02 266.17 — TW-9 267.05 — — = Static water level (SWL) elevation not collected during sampling event.

3.3.1 Basewide Consistent with measurement events prior to CY 2007, water table elevations during the wet season (late winter/spring) are higher than in the dry season (summer/fall). The average fluctuation between seasons during CY 2007 was typical of the seasonal fluctuations (3 to 5 ft) observed at McChord AFB. Basewide flow direction in the Qvr aquifer is generally from the east-southeast to the west-northwest with local variations. The groundwater flow directions and water table elevation trends for CY 2007 are consistent with earlier (CY 1993 through CY 2006) measurements.

3-6 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 P :\Projec ts_2 007\McChord\LTM_CY20

TL-4 261.65

07\maps LT-2 275.34 \F i gur e 3- 1.m xd

Legend LT-11 262.67 ! Monitor Wells

Qvr Water Table Elevation Contour TW-9 267.05 Base Boundary CR-02 AZ-06 266.17 268.76 Railroad Unpaved Roads Limits CW-15 UA-02 279.05 Drainage Limits 265.96 Fence CW-9 279.05 CW-14b 277.48 • CW-13 275.41 0 1,000 2,000 4,000

Feet

McChord AFB Base-Wide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program

Figure 3-1 Base-Wide Qvr Water Table Elevations March 2007

Date: 5/2008 Section 3

3.3.2 Consent Decree Sites 3.3.2.1 Sites LF-01 and LF-02 Water table elevations recorded at resource protection wells CW-4, CW-35, and CW-36 during September 2007 are consistent with earlier measurement years. The gradient is relatively flat, with a slight localized flow from northwest to southeast.

3.3.2.2 Site SS-34 Water table elevations recorded at resource protection wells AZ-06, DM-06, and UA-02 in CY 2007 and interpretations of shallow groundwater flow are consistent with earlier measurement years. Groundwater flow is still thought to be influenced by the relatively impermeable Vashon Till (Qvt), which provides a barrier to groundwater flow, north of the site. As the water levels rise above the top of the Qvt, the groundwater flow becomes more continuous at the site. Flow is interpreted from the northeast (resource protection well AZ-06) to the southwest (resource protection wells DM-06 and UA-02).

3.3.2.3 Site WP-44 Water table elevations recorded at resource protection wells CW-9 and CW-14b in CY 2007 and interpretations of shallow groundwater flow are consistent with earlier measurement years. Site WP- 44 groundwater flow is still thought to be influenced by the relatively impermeable Qvt, which provides a barrier to groundwater flow. As the water levels rise above the top of the Qvt, the groundwater flow becomes more continuous at the site. Groundwater flow during CY 2007 is interpreted from the north (resource protection well CW-9) to the south (resource protection well CW-14b). The flow and elevation trends for CY 2007 were consistent with earlier (CY 1993 through CY 2006) measurements and interpretations at those well locations.

3.3.2.4 Site WP-64 In March 2007, a water table elevation was recorded at resource protection well CW-13: however, a sample could not be obtained due to the lack of water. Consistent with earlier measurement years, groundwater in resource protection well CW-13 is only encountered during higher than normal groundwater recharge periods.

3.3.3 NFRAP Sites 3.3.3.1 Site LF-06 The water table elevation was recorded at only well DA-4b, so site-specific interpretation of shallow groundwater flow during CY 2007 is not possible.

3.3.3.2 Site DP-60 Groundwater flow was from the north (resource protection well TW-9) to the south (resource protection well CR-02) during the March 2007 measurement event. The flow interpretation may be incorrect, due to runway construction resulting in modification of well TW-9 and corresponding vertical datum.

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4. CY 2007 CONCLUSIONS AND CY 2008 PLANNING

4.1 CY 2007 Conclusions 4.1.1 Base Boundary Wells Chemical analytical results for samples collected from early-warning base boundary resource protection wells do not indicate the presence of groundwater contamination above MTCA Method A cleanup levels at these locations (Table 3-4). Resource protection wells at the base boundary associated with the RA-O Site SS-34N project are being evaluated separately and will be presented in a Site SS-34N specific annual report.

4.1.2 Consent Decree Sites 4.1.2.1 Sites LF-01 and LF-02 Chemical analytical results for samples collected from Sites LF-01 and LF-02 resource protection wells do not indicate the presence of groundwater contamination above MTCA Method A cleanup levels at these locations during CY 2007 (Table 3-5).

Trichloroethene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE) were reported in wells CW-1 (upgradient of the sites), CW-2, and CW-3 only from the March 1993 sampling event, at concentrations above MTCA Method A and the EPA MCLs (Table 4-1). Follow-on sampling events in December 1993, February 1994, March 1994, October 1994, September 1998, March 1999, September 2007 and December 2007 did not confirm the September 1993 detections. Other evidence that supports the lack of VOC contaminants leaching from Sites LF-01 and LF-02 is that well CW-1 reported the same order of magnitude detections as CW-2 and CW-3 in September 1993, although the well is upgradient of the sites.

4.1.2.2 Site SS-34 Groundwater data from CY 2007 do not indicate a changed condition from CY 2006. Chemical data collected at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 during CY 2007 indicate that gasoline- and diesel-range TPH groundwater contamination remains above MTCA Level A cleanup levels (Table 3-6). Concentrations of BTEX and TPH have generally decreased from the concentrations detected in the late 1980s and early 1990s based on the two resource protection wells (AZ-06, DM- 04) with the highest concentrations (Tables 4-2 and 4-3 and Figures 4-1 and 4-2). Groundwater flow at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 is thought to be to the southwest, away from the base boundary and away from housing in the Springbrook neighborhood of Lakewood, Washington. MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 will remain on the state of Washington HSL (August 1995) until Ecology makes the formal determination that the hazards currently at the site have been remediated. It is recommended that monitoring of contaminant concentrations and parameters related to intrinsic bioremediation continue on a schedule to be developed by the Air Force.

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Table 4-1. Summary of VOCs in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 from CY 1993 to CY 2007

Vinyl Chloride 1,1-DCE cis-1,2-DCE TCE Well ID Date (µg/L) (µg/L) (µg/L) (µg/L) CW-1 Mar-93 <5 3 J 36 36 Dec-93 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Feb-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.2 Mar-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.2 Oct-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 CW-2 Mar-93 <5 1 J 87 40 Dec-93 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Feb-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.2 Mar-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.2 Oct-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.2 Mar-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 CW-3 Mar-93 <5 <5 18 17 Dec-93 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.7 Feb-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 0.91 J Mar-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 0.24 J Oct-94 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.1 Dec-07 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 0.57 CW-4 Mar-93 <5 <5 <5 <5 Sep-94 <1.8 <1.3 <1 <1.2 Apr-95 <1 <1 <1 <1 Sep-95 <0.5 <0.5 NR <0.5 Mar-96 <1.8 <1.3 <1.0 <1.2 Mar-97 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Mar-98 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Mar-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Mar-01 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Mar-03 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Mar-05 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Mar-06 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Sep-07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 CW-35 Sep-98 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.72 Sep-07 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.79 CW-36 Sep-98 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.62 Sep-07 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 1.1

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Table 4-2. Summary of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1987 to CY 2007 Resource Resource Protection Protection Sample Well AZ-06 Well DM-04 Event (Total BTEX in μg/L) (Total BTEX in μg/L) Reference Sep-87 1,195 300 URS Consultants, Inc. 1989 Dec-87 2,007 3,509 URS Consultants, Inc. 1989 Mar-88 364 1,774 URS Consultants, Inc. 1989 Jul-88 386 2,016 URS Consultants, Inc. 1989 Dec-93 410 3,248 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c Oct-94 487 1,161 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c Jan-95 16 1,338 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-96 7 402 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-96 379 890 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-97 5 183 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-97 250 201 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-98 164 484 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-98 204 752 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-99 2 87 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-99 174 355 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-00 156 145 Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-00 103 314 Corporation 2001 Mar-01 164 110 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Sep-01 72 146 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Mar-02 39 66 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Sep-02 68 102 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Mar-03 76 113 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Sep-03 31 76 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Mar-04 42 16 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Sep-04 37 168 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Mar-05 36 2 at DM-06 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Sep-05 30 1 at UA-02 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Mar-06 21 <1 at UA-02 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Sep-06 21 <1 at DM-06 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Mar-07 1 <1 at UA-02 See Table 3-6. Sep-07 18 2 at DM-06 See Table 3-6.

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Table 4-3. Summary of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1993 to CY 2007

Resource Resource Protection Protection Well AZ-06 Well DM-04 Sample (Total TPH-G and (Total TPH-G and Event TPH-D in μg/L) TPH-D in μg/L) Reference Dec-93 35,000 46,400 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c Oct-94 8,900 1,200,000 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c Jan-95 2,500 23,700 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-96 2,140 7,350 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-96 7,700 5,900 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-97 3,640 4,000 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-97 9,000 2,970 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-98 5,800 5,800 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-98 6,900 27,000 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-99 1,280 22,500 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-99 9,800 3,420 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-00 10,800 7,300 Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-00 8,800 6,100 Corporation 2001 Mar-01 7,900 6,200 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Sep-01 8,900 9,200 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Mar-02 11,300 4,100 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Sep-02 27,100 12,600 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Mar-03 10,000 5,900 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Sep-03 8,400 9,000 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Mar-04 26,500 3,100 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Sep-04 164,100 6,400 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Mar-05 6,100 321 at DM-06 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Sep-05 6,830 166 at UA-02 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Mar-06 1,020 <125 at UA-02 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Sep-06 12,000 <199 at DM-06 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Mar-07 2,100 <125 at UA-02 See Table 3-6. Sep-07 5,700 112 at DM-06 See Table 3-6.

4-4 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Figure 4-1. Comparison of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1987 to CY 2007

10,000 3,509 3,248 1,338 2,016 2,007 1,774 1,161 1,195 890 1,000 752 487 484 379 410 402 386 364 355 314 300 250 183 204 201 174 168 164 164 156 146 145 113 110 103 102

100 87 76 76 72 68 66 42 39 37 36 31 30 21 21 18 16 16 Monitor Well AZ-06 10 (Total 7 BTEX in

5 ug/L) 2 Monitor 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Well DM-04 1 (Total BTEX in ug/L) Jul-88 Oct-94 Jan-95 Mar-88 Mar-96 Mar-97 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Sep-87 Dec-87 Sep-96 Sep-97 Sep-98 Sep-99 Sep-00 Sep-01 Sep-02 Sep-03 Sep-04 Sep-05 Sep-06 Sep-07 Dec-93 Figure 4-2. Comparison of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site SS-34 from CY 1993 to CY 2007

100,000 46,400 35,000 27,000 22,500 27,100 26,500 23,700 12,600 12,000 11,300 10,800 10,000 9,800 9,200 9,000 9,000 8,900 8,900 10,000 8,800 8,400 7,900 6,900 7,700 7,350 7,300 6,830 6,400 6,200 6,100 6,100 5,900 5,900 5,800 5,800 5,700 4,000 4,100 2,970 3,640 3,420 3,100 2,500 2,140 2,100 1,280

1,000 1,020

Monitor Well AZ-06 (Total TPH-G and TPH-D in ug/L)

Monitor Well 100 DM-04 (Total TPH- G and TPH- D in ug/L) Oct-94 Jan-95 Mar-96 Mar-97 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Sep-96 Sep-97 Sep-98 Sep-99 Sep-00 Sep-01 Sep-02 Sep-03 Sep-04 Sep-05 Sep-06 Sep-07 Dec-93 Section 4

4.1.2.3 Site WP-44 Groundwater data from CY 2007 do not indicate a changed condition from CY 2006.

Chemical data collected at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 during CY 2007 indicate that benzene, gasoline-range TPH, and diesel-range TPH groundwater contamination remains above MTCA Level A cleanup levels at well CW-9 and diesel- and motor oil-range TPH contamination was above the cleanup levels at well CW-14b (Table 3-6). Concentrations have decreased from the concentrations reported in 1993 and 1994 based on the two resource protection wells (CW-9, CW-14b) with the highest concentrations (Tables 4-4 and 4-5 and Figures 4-3 and 4-4). MNA was chosen as the site remedy (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995c), which includes implementation of a semiannual sampling from the two resource protection wells. While MNA parameters do provide evidence of ongoing biological attenuation of contaminants (Tables 2-8 and 3-7), concentrations of benzene and TPH remain above MTCA Method A cleanup levels in CY 2007.

4.1.3 NFRAP Sites 4.1.3.1 Site LF-06 Chemical analytical results for samples collected from a Site LF-06 resource protection well do not indicate the presence of groundwater contamination above MTCA Method A cleanup levels at this location from CY 1995 through CY 2007 (Table 4-6). 4.1.3.2 Site DP-60 Resource protection wells TW-9 and CR-02 were used during CY 2007 for monitoring NFRAP Site DP-60 (Table 3-6). A comparison of chemical results for diesel-range TPH and the RAOs established in the ROD for the site are presented on Table 4-7 and do not indicate a changed condition from CY 2006.

As shown on Table 4-7, diesel-range TPH concentrations have generally been reported above the RAOs for the site.

Sampling for diesel-range TPH at NFRAP Site DP-60 is implemented on an annual basis in accordance with the Air Force schedule (Air Force 1995), as modified by subsequent agreements between the Air Force and Ecology.

4.2 CY 2008 Planning RA-O LTM and MNA sampling to be conducted by McChord AFB during CY 2008 may include:

Continued early-warning monitoring at the base boundary Continued MNA sampling at MTCA Site SS-34, MTCA Site WP-44, and NFRAP Site DP-60 Continued monitoring at MTCA Site WP-64

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Table 4-4. Summary of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007 Resource Resource Protection Protection Sample Well CW-9 Well CW-14b Event (Total BTEX in μg/L) (Total BTEX in μg/L) Reference May-93 4,099 11 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Dec-93 2,122 29 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Oct-94 1,506 49 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Jan-95 230 10 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Apr-95 55 8 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-96 12 7 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-96 186 12 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-97 1 5 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-97 32 9 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-98 21 3 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-98 38 6 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-99 1 4 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-99 35 4 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-00 17 2 Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-00 57 3 Corporation 2001 Mar-01 129 4 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Sep-01 51 11 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Mar-02 11 8 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Sep-02 146 12 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Mar-03 1,177 17 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Sep-03 204 14 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Mar-04 92 8 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Sep-04 56 6 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Mar-05 67 4 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Sep-05 60 2 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Mar-06 4 2 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Sep-06 17 2 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Mar-07 5 2 See Table 3-6. Sep-07 13 2 See Table 3-6.

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Table 4-5. Summary of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007 Resource Resource Protection Protection Well CW-9 Well CW-14b Sample (Total TPH-G and (Total TPH-G and Event TPH-D in μg/L) TPH-D in μg/L) Reference May-93 34,200 5,500 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Dec-93 14,880 1,500 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Oct-94 8,700 2,870 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Jan-95 4,025 2,960 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a Apr-95 845 2,725 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1995a URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-96 540 2,780 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-96 2,010 2,550 Corporation 1997 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-97 170 2,550 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-97 1,420 350 Corporation 1998 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-98 470 2,060 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-98 2,530 2,600 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 1999 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Mar-99 170 3,710 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Sep-99 2,800 3,420 Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Mar-00 1,140 4,470 Corporation 2001 FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Sep-00 6,300 3,550 Corporation 2001 Mar-01 2,160 5,450 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Sep-01 2,080 4,430 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2002 Mar-02 240 6,510 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Sep-02 4,500 5,050 Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 2003 Mar-03 18,100 6,880 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Sep-03 10,200 7,170 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2004 Mar-04 6,100 7,100 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Sep-04 8,000 5,720 Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a Mar-05 4,530 5,170 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Sep-05 6,940 3,641 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2006a Mar-06 850 5,260 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Sep-06 3,700 3,870 Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a Mar-07 1,120 4,270 See Table 3-6. Sep-07 2,800 2,830 See Table 3-6.

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Proposed groundwater sampling for CY 2008 is summarized in Table 4-8 based on the following criteria:

Compliance with Decision Documents (Sites SS-34, WP-44, WP-64, and DP-60) Trend analysis of chemical data for CY 1994 through CY 2007 Air Force preference, as indicated by McChord AFB, 62 CES/CEV Table 4-9 provides a summary of sample events and detections of analytes above MTCA cleanup levels or site RAOs from CY 1993 through CY 2007.

4.2.1 Compliance Sampling 4.2.1.1 Site SS-34 Semiannual sampling of resource protection wells AZ-06 and either DM-06 or UA-02 for BTEX and TPH compounds should continue to track the effectiveness of the remedial alternative (intrinsic

bioremediation) until concentrations meet the appropriate cleanup levels (1,000 μg/L TPH [C7–C12], 10,000 μg/L TPH [C12–C24]) as provided by Ecology for the Site WP-44 RI/FS. 4.2.1.2 Site WP-44 Semiannual sampling of resource protection wells CW-9 and CW-14b for BTEX and TPH compounds should continue to track the effectiveness of the remedial alternative (intrinsic bioremediation) until concentrations decrease to levels that meet the appropriate cleanup levels

(1,000 μg/L TPH [C7–C12], 10,000 μg/L TPH [C12–C24]) as provided by Ecology. 4.2.1.3 Site WP-64 Annual sampling of resource protection well CW-13 will continue, if sufficient water is present, until the Air Force receives concurrence from Ecology to delete Site WP-64 from the sampling schedule.

4.2.1.4 Site DP-60 Annual sampling of Site DP-60 (resource protection wells CR-02 and TW-9) for diesel-range TPH should satisfy the current requirements established in the site ROD (Ebasco Environmental 1992b) as modified by the site Decision Document (Air Force 1994b) and the Second 5-Year Review Report for the WTA (Air Force 2004).

Site DP-60 resource protection wells are currently sampled on an annual basis with additional aquifer parameters associated with evidence of intrinsic bioremediation as requested by the Air Force. The recommended sampling frequency for CY 2008 is presented on Table 4-8.

4-12 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Figure 4-3. Comparison of Total BTEX in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007

10,000 4,099 2,122 1,506 1,177 1,000 230 204 186 146 129

100 92 67 60 57 56 55 51 49 38 32 35 Monitor Well 29 CW-9 (Total

21 BTEX in 12 17 17 17 ug/L) 14 13 12 12 11 11 9 11 7 10 8

10 8 8 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 Monitor Well CW-14b (Total BTEX 1 1 1 in ug/L) Oct-94 Apr-95 Jan-95 Mar-96 Mar-97 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Sep-96 Sep-97 Sep-98 Sep-99 Sep-00 Sep-01 Sep-02 Sep-03 Sep-04 Sep-05 Sep-06 Sep-07 Dec-93 May-93 Figure 4-4. Comparison of Total TPH-G and TPH-D in Shallow Resource Protection Wells at MTCA Consent Decree Site WP-44 from CY 1993 to CY 2007

100,000 34,200 18,100 14,880 10,200

10,000 8,700 8,000 7,170 7,100 6,940 6,880 6,510 6,300 6,100 5,720 5,500 5,450 5,260 5,170 5,050 4,530 4,500 4,470 4,430 4,270 4,025 3,870 3,710 3,700 3,641 2,780 3,550 2,550 3,420 2,960 2,870 2,825 2,800 2,800 2,725 2,600 2,060 2,550 2,530 2,160 2,080 2,010 Monitor 1,420 1,500 Well CW-9 1,140

1120 (Total TPH- G and TPH- 850 1,000 845 D in ug/L) 540 470 350 240 170 170 Monitor Well CW- 14b (Total 100 TPH-G and TPH-D in ug/L) Oct-94 Apr-95 Jan-95 Mar-96 Mar-97 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Sep-96 Sep-97 Sep-98 Sep-99 Sep-00 Sep-01 Sep-02 Sep-03 Sep-04 Sep-05 Sep-06 Sep-07 Dec-93 May-93 Section 4

Table 4-6. Summary of VOCs in Shallow Groundwater Resource Protection Well at NFRAP Site LF-06 from CY 1995 to CY 2007 Vinyl Chloride 1,1-DCE cis-1,2-DCE TCE Well Date (μg/L) (μg/) (μg/) (μg/) DA-4b Apr-95 <1 <1 <1 <1 Sep-95 <0.50 <0.50 NR <0.50 Mar-96 <1.8 <1.3 2.5 1.7 Mar-97 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Mar-98 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Mar-00 <1 <0.24 <0.2 <0.2 Mar-02 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Mar-04 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Sep-07 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Table 4-7. Comparison of NFRAP Site DP-60 Diesel-Range TPH Concentrations to RAOs

TPH-D TPH-D (μg/L) (μg/L) Sampling Date CR-02 TW-9 Mar-07 2,100 700 Mar-06 3,100 1,300 Mar-05 4,100 7,800 Jun-04 1,700 Mar-04 21,000 Mar-03 8,000 1,300 Mar-02 2,600 6,900 Mar-01 4,800 3,100 Mar-00 4,300 2,600 Mar-99 2,800 940 Mar-98 55,000 3,600 Sep-97 2,500 Mar-97 2,800 760 Sep-96 1,800 660 Mar-96 1,300 600 Oct-95 1,400 1,900 Apr-95 1,500 540 Sep-94 8,100 2,200 RAO 1,000 1,000

4-17 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Section 4

Table 4-8. Proposed CY 2008 Sampling

Sample Sampling Rationale/ Recommended Sampling Site/Area Location Decision Reference COCs Frequency/Next Event Rationale Boundary Wells CW-4 Early warning VOCs Biennial—Spring 08 D LT-5 Early warning VOCs Biennial—Fall 08 D LT-6 Early warning VOCs Biennial—Spring 08 D LT-7 Early warning VOCs Biennial—Fall 08 D MTCA Consent AZ-06 Air Force 1996 BTEX/TPH/MNA Semiannual—Spring 08 C Decree Sit SS- 34 DM-06 or UA-02 Air Force 1996 BTEX/TPH/MNA Semiannual—Spring 08 C MTCA Consent CW-9 Air Force 1996 BTEX/TPH/MNA Semiannual—Spring 08 C Decree Site WP-44 CW-14b Air Force 1996 BTEX/TPH/MNA Semiannual—Spring 08 C MTCA Consent CW-13 Air Force 1996 Pesticides/PCBs Annual—Spring 08 C Decree Site WP-64 NFRAP Site CR-02 Air Force 1994b TPH-Dx/MNA Annual—Spring 08 C, E DP-60 TW-9 Air Force 1994b TPH-Dx/MNA Annual—Spring 08 C, E C = Compliance with Air Force Decision Documents D = Trend analysis E = Air Force Preference and/or Ecology Agreements

4-18 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Section 4

Table 4-9. Summary of CY 1993 to CY 2007 Monitoring for the Base Boundary, MTCA Sites WP-34, WP-44, and WP-64, and NFRAP Site DP-60

2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Sample Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Detections/ Site/Area Location Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Boundary Wells CW-4 0/1 0/1 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/1 0/1 LT-2 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/1 LT-3 0/1 0/1 -- -- 0/1 ------0/1 0/1 0/2 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/1 LT-4 0/1 -- -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 LT-5 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/2 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/1 LT-6 -- 0/1 -- -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/1 LT-7 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/1 LT-10 0/1 0/1 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/1 -- LT-11 0/1 -- -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/1 -- MTCA/SS-34 AZ-06 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 1/1 1/1 1/1 DM-04 ------2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 1/1 1/1 1/1 DM-06 1/1 1/1 1/1 ------UA-02 0/1 0/1 1/1 ------MTCA/WP-44 CW-9 2/2 2/2 2/2 2 2/2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2/3 1/1 2/2 CW-14b 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/3 1/1 2/2 CW-15 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/3 0/1 0/2 MTCA/WP-64 CW-13 -- 0/1 ------0/1 -- 0/1 0/1 ------1/2 -- -- NFRAP/DP-60 CR-02 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/2 2/2 2/2 1/1 -- TW-9 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 1/1 0/2 0/2 2/2 1/1 1/1

4-19 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\Table 4-9.doc October 2008

Section 4

4.2.2 Trend Analysis of Base Boundary Wells Resource protection wells at the base boundary downgradient of the NFRAP sites are used to provide early warning of unanticipated releases from a number of NFRAP sites located in the northern and western parts of the base. The Air Force has implemented a reduction in the frequency of sampling from annual to biennial sample events and a reduction in the chemical suites analyzed. The base boundary wells are only sampled for VOCs for early warning of unanticipated releases. VOCs are more mobile than metals, SVOCs, and PCBs, so they would be the first contaminant to be detected if changes in the groundwater occur on base. Coverage of the boundary throughout CY 2007 was accomplished by staggering the sampling locations and sampling events, yielding a minimum of two resource protection wells to be sampled each spring and fall quarter.

Because contaminants above MTCA Method A cleanup levels have not been detected in base boundary wells at any time since monitoring commenced, it is recommended that the sampling frequency be maintained on the current biennial basis.

4.2.3 Air Force Preference 4.2.3.1 Consent Decree Sites LF-01 and LF-02 Sites LF-01 and LF-02 were initially removed from the monitoring schedule following CY 1999 sampling events. Re-sampling of site wells in CY 2007 confirmed the absence of contaminants above MTCA cleanup levels. Sampling at base boundary well CW-4, which is downgradient of Sites LF-01 and LF-02, should be sufficient to provide early-warning monitoring, if conditions change at the sites.

4.2.3.2 NFRAP Sites LF-06, LF-07, and LF-10 In accordance with the Remedial Process Optimization (RPO) recommendations (Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005b), the Air Force discontinued biennial sampling frequencies at Sites LF-06, LF-07, and LF-10 beginning in CY 2006. Sampling of Site LF-06 (well DA-4b) was completed during CY 2007, confirming the absence of contaminants above MTCA cleanup levels.

4.2.3.3 NFRAP Site LF-13 In accordance with the RPO recommendations (Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005b), the Air Force discontinued annual sampling at Site LF-13 (well IH-2a only) beginning in CY 2006.

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4-22 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008 Figure 4-5. Comparison of TPH-D in Shallow Resource Protection Wells at NFRAP Site DP-60 from CY 1994 to CY 2007

100,000

10,000

1,000

100

MTCA Method A Site RAO = TPH-Diesel (ug/L) Cleanup Level = 1,000 ug/L 500 ug/L

CR-02 Apr-95 Oct-95 Jun-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-97 Mar-96 Sep-97 Sep-96 Sep-94 TW-9 Sampling Events

5. REFERENCES

Air Force (United States Air Force). 2004. Final Second 5-Year Review Report for the Washrack/Treatment Area (WTA) De-Listed National Priorities List (NPL) Site, McChord Air Force Base, Washington. September 2004.

______. 1996. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, No Further Response Action Planned Sites: LF 01, SS-34, WP-44 and WP-64. February 1996.

______. 1995. Final Remedial Action Report for the Washrack Treatment Area National Priorities List Site, McChord Air Force Base, Washington. June 1995.

______. 1994a. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, No Further Response Action Planned Site DP-36. 15 August 1994.

______. 1994b. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, No Further Response Action Planned Site DP-60. 17 August 1994.

______. 1994c. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, No Further Response Action Planned Site LF-05. 16 August 1994.

______. 1993a. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Recommended No Further Action 27 Sites. 25 August 1993.

______. 1993b. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Recommended No Further Action Site SD-54. 25 August 1993.

______. 1993c. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Recommended No Further Action Site ST-65. 25 August 1993.

______. 1993d. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Response Action Carried Out at Site FT-32.

______. 1991a. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Recommended No Further Action Sites. 2 April 1991.

______. 1991b. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Recommended No Further Action Sites. 25 September 1991.

______. 1990. IRP Decision Document, McChord AFB, Recommended No Further Action Sites. 10 July 1990.

Brown and Caldwell. 1985. Clover/Chambers Creek Geohydrologic Study, Tacoma Pierce County Health Department.

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CH2M HILL. 1982. Installation Restoration Program Records Search for McChord Air Force Base, Washington, Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall AFB, Florida, and Military Airlift Command, Scott AFB, Illinois.

Ebasco Environmental. 1992a. Final Remedial Investigation Report of the Washrack Treatment Area. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

______. 1992b. McChord Air Force Base Washrack Treatment Area Record of Decision. Final. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

______. 1991. Remedial Investigation Report of McChord Air Force Base Area D/American Lake Garden Tract. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, Seattle, Washington, in association with Shannon and Wilson.

Enserch Environmental. 1994a. McChord Air Force Base Consent Decree Sites Field Summary Report. Final. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

______. 1994b. McChord Air Force Base Long-Term Monitoring Program CY 1993 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), McChord AFB (McChord Air Force Base), and Ecology (Washington State Department of Ecology). 1991. Record of Decision, McChord Air Force Base, Washington/American Lake Garden Tract. September 1991.

Envirosphere. 1988. Remedial Investigation Report, Fort Lewis Logistics Center. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, Seattle, Washington.

Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 2003. McChord Air Force Base Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program, CY 2002 Annual Report, Final. October 2003. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

______. 2002. McChord Air Force Base Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program, CY 2001 Annual Report, Final. October 2002. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

______. 1995a. McChord Air Force Base Consent Decree Sites Phase II Field Summary Report. Final. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

______. 1995b. McChord Air Force Base Long-Term Monitoring Program CY 1994 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

______. 1995c. McChord Air Force Base Site WP-44 Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Report. Final. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy.

FPM Group, Ltd. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 2001. McChord Air Force Base Groundwater Treatment Plant Operation, CY 2000 Annual Report. Draft. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

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Griffin, W.C., J.E. Scev, A. Swenson, and M.J. Mundorff. 1962. Water Resources of the Tacoma Area, Washington. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1499 B. Prepared in cooperation with the Tacoma Washington Department of Public Utility, Water Division.

JRB Associates. 1983. Geohydrologic Evaluation and Chemical Investigations for McChord Air Force Base, Washington: Report of the Reconnaissance Survey Performed Under the Phase IIb Installation Restoration Program. Prepared for U.S. Air Force, Occupational Environmental Health Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.

Science Applications International Corporation. 1986. Installation Restoration Program, Phase II Confirmation/Quantification; Stage 2, Final Report for McChord Air Force Base, Washington, U.S. Air Force Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory.

Shannon and Wilson, Inc. 1986. Conceptual Hydrocarbon Recovery Plan Contaminant Area “C” McChord Air Force Base.

Tetra Tech EC, Inc. 2007a. CY 2006 Annual Report Remedial Action – Operation of Basewide Long-Term Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation (WP-44, DP-60, SS-34) at McChord Air Force Base, Washington (Project No. PQWY 2000-0700-6). October 2007.

______. 2007b. Quality Project Plans, Remedial Action–Operation of Base-Wide Long-Term Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation of Sites SS-34, WP-44 and DP-60 (Project No. PQWY 2000-0700-6), McChord Air Force Base, Washington. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence. October 2007.

______. 2006a. CY 2005 Annual Report Long-Term Monitoring All Sites (Project No. PQWY 1992070012) and Remedial Action-Operation Monitored Natural Attenuation (Project No. PQWY 200007004) McChord Air Force Base, Washington. August 2006.

______. 2006b. Quality Project Plans, Long-Term Monitoring All Sites (Project No. PQWY 1992070012) and Remedial Action-Operation Monitored Natural Attenuation (Project No. PQWY 200007004), McChord Air Force Base, Washington. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence. July 2006.

Tetra Tech FW, Inc. 2005a. CY 2004 Annual Report Long-Term Monitoring All Sites (Project No. PQWY 1992070012) and Remedial Action-Operation Monitored Natural Attenuation (Project No. PQWY 200007004) McChord Air Force Base, Washington. August 2005.

______. 2005b. Remedial Process Optimization Report (Project No. PQWY 20032001) McChord Air Force Base, Washington. Draft. August 2005.

______. 2004. CY 2003 Annual Report, Basewide Groundwater Monitoring and Natural Attenuation Monitoring Program for McChord Air Force Base. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence. June 2004.

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URS Consultants, Inc. 1989. Air Force Installation Restoration Program Characterization of JP-4 Fuel Spill in Area A, Final Report, McChord Air Force Base, Washington. Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Contract DE-AC-05-840R21400.

URS Consultants, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 1996. McChord Air Force Base Groundwater Monitoring Program for Multiple Sites, CY 1995 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

URS Greiner, Inc. and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 1998. McChord Air Force Base Groundwater Monitoring Program for Multiple Sites, CY 1997 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

______. 1997. McChord Air Force Base Groundwater Monitoring Program for Multiple Sites, CY 1996 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 2001. McChord Air Force Base Groundwater Monitoring Program for Multiple Sites, CY 1999 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

______. 1999. McChord Air Force Base Groundwater Monitoring Program for Multiple Sites, CY 1998 Annual Report. Final. Prepared for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

Walters, K.L. and G.E. Kimmel. 1968. Groundwater Occurrence and Stratigraphy of Unconsolidated Deposits, Central Pierce County, Washington, State of Washington. Department of Water Resources, Water Supply Bulletin, No. 22, p. 428.

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Appendix A Key Project Personnel for CY 2007

Appendix A

KEY PROJECT PERSONNEL FOR CY 2007

Name Project Role Affiliation Telephone Mike Grenko Chief, Environmental Management 62 CES/CEV, (253) 982-3913 Flight McChord AFB Bill Myers Remedial Project Manager (RPM), 62 CES/CEV, (253) 982-6202 Environmental Management Flight McChord AFB Joe Gibbens Engineer, Environmental 62 CES/CEV, (253) 982-6204 Management Flight McChord AFB Joe Oliva Project Manager AFCEE/EXEW (210) 536-3062 Cindy Hood Project Manager AFCEE/ICM (210) 536-1358 Mark Ingersoll Project Manager Tetra Tech EC, Inc. (406) 494-3446 Michael Kuntz RPM - Area D/ALGT Washington State (360) 407-7239 Department of Ecology Chuck Hinds RPM - Consent Decree Sites Washington State (360) 407-7210 Department of Ecology

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A-2 CY 2007 Annual Report G:\WP\AFCEE\McChord AFB\CY2007 Annual Rpt_LTM\Final\2007-LTM-AR.doc October 2008

Appendix B Field Data

WATER SAMPLING LOG

Project: McChord AFB RA-0 LTM/MNA Program WellNo.: -,q-c b Job Number: 2759.0023.3204.06050 Date Well Purged: ks - 7 Date Well Sampled: '7 3- $:"?

Well Data

Diameter of Well Casing: 2" Measuring Point (MP): Top of Casing Total Depth of Well Below MP:

Depth to Water Below MP: . , ,L. i ,..> :*a<\.L$ Length of Water Column in Well: NIA Gallons per Foot: NIA Gallons in Well: ]VIA Three Times Casing Volume: NIA Gallons Purged from Well: Purge Method: LOW FLOW

Water Sample Data

Sample Number: GM-07- is I 5 Time Sample Collected: t 1 G Sampling Method: LOW FLOW Sampling Personnel: Remarks : WATER SAMPLING LOG

Project: McChord AFB RA-0 LTMIMNA Program Well No.: C: LA' - 1 Job Number: 2759.0023.3204.06050 Date Well Purged: '3 ~- 1--o'+ Date Well Sampled: '3 - 7-" '+

Diameter of Well Casing: 2" Measuring Point (MP): Top of Casing Total Depth of Well Below MP: Depth to Water Below MP: 1-2.tF Length of Water Column in Well: N/A Gallons per Foot: NIA Gallons in Well: N/A Three Times Casing Volume: N/A Gallons Purged from Well: Purge Method: LOW FLOW

Water Sample Data 04' Sample Number: GM-07- 807 , - 9 \ I Time Sample Collected: ( I30 !,WIXL ' -

Sampling Method: LOW FLOW ' Sampling Personnel: i2-, m C- Remarks:

0 ..- -'j . . , .-. . ..., . ., ,* - . C. :, ?Z' ." '> ,,+.

Well Casing Volumes WATER SAMPLING LOG

Project: McChord AFB RA-0 LTWMNA Program well NO.: CCU"13 Job Number: 2759.0023.3204.06050 Date Well Purged: 3 -- 7 --G?- Date Well Sampled: 3 7 m --+

Well Data

Diameter of Well Casing: 2" Measuring Point (MP): Top of Casing - Total Depth of Well Below MP: Depth to Water Below MP: Sc I ,7 9 Length of Water Column in Well: N/A 3 ' Gallons per Foot: N/A Gallons in Well: N/A Three Times Casing Volume: N/A Gallons Purged from Well: Purge Method: LOW FLOW

Water Sample Data

Project: McChord AFB RA-0 LTM/MNA Program Well No.: C LZI -I Ltb Job Number: 2759.0023.3204.06050 Date Well Purged: 5 7 - J 2- Date Well Sampled: 3 - 9 - c-, 7-

Well Data

Diameter of Well Casing: 2" Measuring Point (MP): Top of Casing - Total Depth of Well Below MP: Depth to Water Below MP: -27.8 U Length of Water Column in Well: NIA Gallons per Foot: NIA Gallons in Well: NIA Three Times Casing Volume: NIA Gallons Purged from Well: Purge Method: LOW FLOW

Water Sample Data

. - Sample Number: GM-07- c3 Time Sample Collected: i - C* Sampling Method: LOW FLOW Sampling Personnel: Remarks :

Liters Time PH Temp DO Spec. Redox Turb Out Cond. L. , . , i L': ',: ..2- ,c 3 .< . ; 3. 7 -56, S -: , I t >. ! 1, f. I., ! I, ; i..~~"~ %- - ..- -- > - 'i ) ., : a ... * '-" ,L./ .> : ' .A* : .-. . , ... =. .,. 1. . . . > ,.> . ' ; . "" .. -. . . , . . ., . . .',, I i<, _ -, %i2cl B h 7 ! kJ2 [ '.j ,4- "r. ? 0 .* 2 .q + -2$.. 3

Well Casing Volumes WATER SAMPLING LOG

Project: McChord AFB RA-0 LTM/MNA Prom Well No.:-Job Number: 2759.0023.3204.06050 Date Well Purged: 3-7 - 07 Date Well Sampled: ",-7 - 1577

Well Data

Diameter of Well Casing: 2" Measuring Point (MP): Top of Casing Total Depth of Well Below MP: Depth to Water Below MP: 16 .93 Length of Water Column.in Well: NIA Gallons per Foot: NIA Gallons in Well: NIA Three Times Casing Volume: NIA Gallons Purged &om Well: Purge Method: LOW FLOW

Water Sample Data