Military Installation Public-To-Public Partnerships
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Military Installation Public-to-Public Partnerships Lessons from Past and Current Experiences Beth E. Lachman, Susan A. Resetar, Frank Camm C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1419 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9426-1 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photo by Beth E. Lachman. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface RAND was asked to conduct a study on the use of public-to-public partnerships (PuPs) by military installations. The objective was to clarify the potential value of PuPs to Department of Defense (DoD) installations; identify barriers to their cost-effective application in DoD; rec- ommend ways to overcome these barriers; and provide an overview of the focuses, approaches, and lessons learned from existing installation PuPs. This report documents the study results providing background information about partnerships, explains the different approaches and authorities used for installation PuPs, gives an overview of the wide range of existing instal- lation partnership types by functional areas and partners, describes the many diverse benefits to installations and communities from PuPs, and discusses the opportunities for future instal- lation partnerships. It also explains the barriers to developing and implementing installation partnerships and provides recommendations for addressing such barriers so installations and communities can develop and implement more mutually beneficial partnerships. This report should be of interest to congressional and military leaders; policymakers; decisionmakers, installation staff, and managers across DoD; and community leaders and staff who have an interest in installation partnerships. This research was cosponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Army Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installa- tion Management (the executive agent for the study) and was conducted within the RAND Arroyo Center’s Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program. RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Corporation, is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Army. The Project Unique Identification Code (PUIC) for the project that produced this docu- ment is HQD136525. iii Contents Preface ........................................................................................................... iii Boxes ............................................................................................................. ix Figures and Tables ............................................................................................. xi Summary .......................................................................................................xiii Background and Purpose .....................................................................................xiii Findings ......................................................................................................... xiv Thousands of Existing Installation PuPs Occur in Some Mission and Most Nonmission Functional Areas ........................................................................................ xiv Diverse Authorities and Approaches Used for Installation-Community Partnerships .............. xiv Wide Range of Benefits Experienced by Installations and Communities from Installation PuPs .....xv Many Diverse Opportunities for Future Installation Partnerships Exist .............................. xvi Barriers to Installation PuPs ............................................................................... xvii Recommendations for Developing and Implementing Installation PuPs ............................... xix Recommendations for Installation-Level Actions for Developing and Implementing Partnerships .............................................................................................. xix Education and Technical Assistance Recommendations for the Military Services and OSD .......xx Addressing Federal Policy, Legislation, and Regulatory Challenges ....................................xx Strategic Recommendations for DoD .................................................................... xxi Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... xxiii CHAPTER ONE Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 2 How to Read This Report ....................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO Background on Partnerships ................................................................................. 5 Defining Different Installation Partnership Types ........................................................... 5 Partnership ...................................................................................................... 5 Installation Public-to-Public Partnerships .................................................................. 6 Installation Public-Private Partnerships ..................................................................... 8 Regional Partnerships with Three or More Partners ....................................................... 8 Functional or Activity-Based Partnerships with Three or More Partners ..............................10 Privatization of Installation Services and Infrastructure .................................................12 Factors in Choosing Which Installation Partnership Types to Pursue for What Functions/Services ...14 v vi Military Installation Public-to-Public Partnerships: Lessons from Past and Current Experiences Lessons from Municipal PuPs .................................................................................16 Factors Needed for Successful Installation Partnerships .................................................. 20 CHAPTER THREE Many Different Installation PuPs By Functional Areas ................................................25 Installation Infrastructure and Management Partnerships ............................................... 26 Fire, Emergency Medical Service, and Other Emergency Services .................................... 26 Safety and Security .......................................................................................... 27 Water ..........................................................................................................29 Energy ........................................................................................................ 30 Environmental ................................................................................................32 Transportation ................................................................................................35 Operations and Maintenance ...............................................................................37 Partnerships Related to Services for the Military, Their Families, Department of Defense Civilians, and Others ......................................................................................39 Children ........................................................................................................39 Recreation ..................................................................................................... 40 Adult Education .............................................................................................. 42 Libraries ....................................................................................................... 44 Family Advocacy/Social Services ........................................................................... 46 Medical and Health Issues ...................................................................................49 Other Support for Military and Their Families ...........................................................52 Mission and Other Types of Partnerships ................................................................... 54 Testing and Training Missions ..............................................................................55 Other Military Missions .....................................................................................57 Other Partnership Areas .....................................................................................61