DOCSLIB.ORG

Lithuanian Collectors Coins Characteristic of Classic Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lithuanian Collectors Coins Characteristic of Classic Literature Illustrations by Albina Makūnaitė (1926–2001) from the publication Mes vyžoti būrai (We, serfs, with bast-shoes): Kristijonas Donelaitis. Mes vyžoti būrai. Vilnius: Vaga, 1975. Donelaitis shows that for the Lithuanians, surrounded by foreigners, it is not easier, and perhaps even harder, to fight back, compared to a city under siege by a clear and definite enemy. The influence of the foreigners creeping towards the region of Lithuanian Vyžlaukis is deceptively enticing in the richness of their clothes (girls no longer want to wear traditional brightly-coloured skirts, men adopt foreign footwear), alcoholic drinks, Collectors various moral promiscuity. The poet does not advocate armed struggle. He always repeats that Lithuanians can Coins only resist with courtesy. A courteous character in The Seasons is one who does not disown their ancestor’s livelihood, traditions, language, who works honestly, is not a TH drunkard, is honest, decent, pious, truthful and tidy. Courteousness is the ideal of COIN DEDICATED THE 300 ANNIVERSARY the whole community, a guarantee of its thriving and survival. Only it can save the OF THE BIRTH OF KRISTIJONAS DONELAITIS lietuvninkai. It isn’t easy to resist through hard work, a relationship with their language and customs, strict honesty and integrity. This truly requires warrior-like perseverance, Silver Ag 925 patience, and courage. Donelaitis believes that not everyone is capable of fighting Quality proof Diameter 38.61 mm their vices (laziness, drunkenness, negligence, propensity for theft, deceit), and strongly Weight 28.28 g condemns those scoundrels, considering moral derangement a threat to the survival of the Lithuanians. The poet argues without tiring that virtuous Lithuanians must be The edge of the coin bears the inscription: and should feel that they are different and better than the newcomers. He continually JAU SAULELĖ VĖL ATKOPDAMA BUDINO SVIETĄ teaches dignity, saying that they do not have to be ashamed of their situation, their (THE CLIMBING SUN AGAIN WAS WAKENING THE WORLD) bast-shoes, their works. In congratulating the community with the beginning of Woodcuts by artist Vytautas Kalinauskas (1929–2001). Illustrations Designed by Tadas Žebrauskas and Giedrius Paulauskis summer, he prays: from the publication Jau saulelė vėl...: Kristijonas Donelaitis. Jau saulelė vėl... Vilnius: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1963. Mintage 3,000 Issued in 2014 All hail, and God grant that you see many a spring, Information is available at the Bank of Lithuania And that each spring may find you in the best of health! Tel. +370 5 268 0316 God bless each one who loves our dear Lithuania old — E-mail [email protected] And who Lithuanian speaks while feudal tasks performs — www.lb.lt God grant that he may see many a happy spring, And after each gay spring, a summer full of joy. The coin was minted at the UAB Lithuanian Mint www.lithuanian-mint.lt The poet’s prayer and the whole epos are marked by the sign of eternal relevance, Lithuanian Collectors Coins characteristic of classic literature. They are suitable for every age. Let us hope that the words of Donelaitis will be heeded, and God willing that all those who love and will love © Lietuvos bankas, 2014 The coins were photographed by Arūnas Baltėnas Lithuania, those who, in speaking Lithuanian perform their feudal tasks, will be healthy, Designed by Klaudijus Gelžinis that is, undamaged by any diseases that weaken a nation, that they will not die out and disappear, that they will for eternity stand in the heavenly circle, hundreds upon The publication uses a photo by A. Jaramaitis of Kristijonas Donelaitis’ bust, created based on Vytautas Urbanavičius’ reconstruction (sculptor — Erikas Varnas); copies of Kristijonas thousands of times will celebrate spring holidays and will have industrious summers, Donelaitis’ manuscripts from the archives of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore; COIN DEDICATED THE 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF copies of digital illustrations from the collection at the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian THE BIRTH OF KRISTIJONAS DONELAITIS both merry and sweet. Illustrations for K. Donelaitis’ poem Metai Academy of Sciences. from a card set by Vytautas Jurkūnas (1910–1993): Kristijonas Donelaitis. Permission to publish the works of V. K. Jonynas was provided by the M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art; the works of V. Kalinauskas, V. Jurkūnas and A. Makūnaitė — by LATGA, 2014. Dalia Dilytė Metai = The Year = Времена года = Les saisons = Das Jahr [cards]. Vilnius: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1963. Published by the Bank of Lithuania, Gedimino pr. 6, LT-01103 Vilnius Printed by UAB Lodvila, www.lodvila.lt The poet deliberately took the side of the lowest social class and considered them his Lithuanians live on, they will again work the same work, merry springs will give way to KRISTIJONAS DONELAITIS brothers, countrymen, friends. The heroes of the epos The Seasons are those same boors hot summers, plentiful autumns, snowy winters, and the circle will go round and round who were forced into serfdom, abused, mocked. Donelaitis not only felt for the Lithuanian as it had always done. In the eternal circle of life there is birth, old age, death; everything serfs, but he exalted them. The poet claimed that boors should be proud that their labour is repeated, nothing new happens. Therefore, there is no reason to be surprised that supported all the lords of leisure and n’er-do-wells. The work of the serfs, in the opinion of an epos with such an idea does not have a storyline full of twists and turns: it takes its Donelaitis, is a school of certain intellect: those who can’t do it often speak nonsense. The time depicting hard workers and idlers, serf meetings, their conversations, activities and The Lithuanian poet Donelaitais, born on 1 January poet noted that in terms of intelligence, the people of the countryside exceeded the city meals, weddings, the corruption and hardheartedness of the landlords. Incorporating 1714 in Lasdinehlen (a long-gone village not far from dwellers and manor lords; therefore he urged the boors to work and reprehended idlers. In not only the people, but also birds, rodents, insects, animals, livestock, grains, vegetables, Gumbinnen in Lithuania Minor), is of great importance The Seasons he attempted to show the greatness of the peasant’s labour and its results. Here’s mushrooms, food products, Donelaitis attempts to prevent them from remaining in and value. In 1736–1740 he studied theology at the how he solemnly praised the women’s work: nothingness and calls them to be. Providing details, the poet covers the entirety of the University of Königsberg, from 1740–1743 he worked Lithuanian community’s world. With the repetition of the same elements of life within as cantor, organist and school director in Stallupönen, For you deserve high praise for spinning speedily, the circle, neither innovations nor individuality are desirable; therefore this type of epos and from 1743 until his death he was a pastor in Transforming hards and flax into an even thread. does not require versatile and distinctly individualised characters. Lauras, Selmas, Krizas, Tollmingkehmen. There he died on 18 February 1780. Of You merit high regard when in the early spring Dočys, Slunkius and other characters in the poem have only several characteristics his works, only the hexametric poem The Seasons (Metai) You strike your loom and shift the shuttle back and forth. illustrated through age and moral features. Not one single boor is the most important and six fables remain. You reign supreme when your homewoven linen goods, character of the epos, but the Lithuanian community as a whole. Although the poet’s father was a free peasant who was Like gleaming springtime snow, on the green meadows shine. The internal tension of the epos is based on the idea that the existence of this not burdened by the obligations of serfdom, Donelaitis community is in danger. The characters by Donelaitis are neither military leaders nor throughout his childhood and life as a pastor was well Donelaitis preached the idea of eternal return and cyclical movement. His affectionately kings, neither brave soldiers nor sailors. They do not fight on the battlefield, they do acquainted with the life of hunger and hard work that so-called “little Sun” returns in spring and reaches its zenith, while in autumn it rolls on, all not wrestle monsters, but the poet shows that they are in a constant state of war. This was common for his neighbours, the serfs, known as the while dictating the work and activities of the peasants. At the end of the poem the is not a real war, where the enemy deploys its army around the city walls, and all the boors (būrai) in the region. community’s elder, Pričkus, dies, although the poet claims that nothing ends with that: people desperately defend it with weapons, but the situation of Donelaitis’ peasants is similar, as the Lithuanians have to survive, surrounded by strangers. After the 1709– Yea; you and I know well serfdom’s regretful lot, 1711 plague, which killed nearly half of the Lithuanian population, many colonists from How everyday boors must bend their breaking backs, Germany, France, Switzerland and other lands were introduced to Lithuania Minor. The And drag like burden beasts a load of cares and woes. Seasons depicts the region of Vyžlaukis, which finds itself surrounded by foreigners. The opposing forces — the foreign-controlled manor and the newcomers colonists — incessantly encroach on Lithuanian property, customs, morality, existence: E’en though the Germans hold the Lithuanians as fools, And though the Frenchmen view us with a scornful eye, Yet they enjoy full well our good Lithuanian bread, And smoked sausages they eat, and ask for more. Then having stuffed themselves with lush Lithuanian pork, And having round by round drained out our homemade beer, They’re not a bit ashamed to taunt our decent men.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LAS ESTACIONES DEL AÑO Kristijonas Donelaitis
    LAS ESTACIONES DEL AÑO Kristijonas Donelaitis LAS ESTACIONES DEL AÑO Edición y traducción de Carmen Caro Dugo Introducción de Dainora Pociūtė-Abukevičienė RENACIMIENTO Colección Poesía universal IntrodUCCIÓN serie menor Director: Manuel Aragón * Este libro se ha publicado con la ayuda de Books from Lithuania, con fondos del Ministerio de Cultura de la República de Lituania. Diseño de cubierta: Marie-Christine del Castillo Redacción poética de Rocío Arana Caballero © Introducción: Dainora Pociūtė-Abukevičienė © Ilustraciones: Šarūnas Leonavičius © Edición y traducción: Carmen Caro Dugo © 2013. Editorial Renacimiento Depósito Legal: SE *-2013 ISBN: 978-84-8472-***-* Impreso en España Printed in Spain Las estaciones del año, de KristiJonas Donelaitis: UN monUmento A la LitUania PRUsiana l país situado a orillas del mar Báltico, en que E Kristijonas Donelaitis vivió y creó en lituano la obra maestra de la literatura europea del siglo XVIII, ya no existe hoy. Tras la segunda Guerra Mundial, el suroeste de Prusia fue adjudicado a Polonia; una gran parte de esa tierra –con la antigua capital– se convir- tió en el distrito de Kaliningrado, perteneciente al Es- tado Ruso, y solo un reducido territorio del norte de la antigua Prusia sigue perteneciendo a Lituania en la actualidad. Los antiguos nombres bálticos y alemanes han permanecido como vestigios históricos; es el caso de la antigua capital del estado, Königsberg (en lituano Karaliaučius), hoy Kaliningrado. Sin embargo, preci- samente la obra de K. Donelaitis Metai (Las estaciones del año) dio a este país la posibilidad de perpetuarse 9 para siempre. Y se la dio justamente en lituano, uno de tiempos modernos fue un paso particularmente impor- los dos idiomas bálticos que han pervivido hasta aho- tante y fructífero en esta región de Europa, que permi- ra.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Innovations of the Epoch of Kristijonas Donelaitis – Introduction
    INTRODUCTION German poet and translator Hermann Buddensieg1 called the epoch of Kristijonas Donelai- tis (1714-1780) “a very busy time of change”, when “profound changes were taking place in all fields of life” and which was an “especially fruitful global moment depending on the activity of a surprising amount of very gifted and impressive personalities”2. The impetus was provided by the 18th c. European Enlightenment whose visual vision was most illustratively rendered by the 18th c. German artist Daniel Chodowiecki in a copper engraving Education: “the morning sun rising from behind a distant mountain range”, with the concept of light in that century “acquiring a new and important meaning [...], and the light being mentioned every time when reason or freedom were discussed [...]”3. The Age of Enlightenment placed emphasis on man’s versatile education and his natural rights, social changes in different fields, religious tolerance, and critical and free speech. The prospering and the dissemination of those ideas made a great impact on the transformation of self-awareness of the population of Prussian (Minor) Lithuania, East Prussia, and the whole Kingdom of Prussia, the chan- ges in its mentality, and the development of the relationships between the people and the government and the people and the Church, and formed the expression of ideas of thinkers and creators. Whenever we talk about the historical context of Prussian Lithuania in the 18th c., we traditio- nally call that period the epoch of Donelaitis. To quote literary scholar Leonas Gineitis, in the ana- lysis of the literary work of Donelaitis and his historical-cultural environment, every factual detail is significant which “unexpectedly illuminates and shows different than the expected traits of the analyzed object, [and] the details [...] pulsate with life – the spirit of time”4.
    [Show full text]
  • „Golden Age”: Introduction Into the 1803–1832 Epochs
    ARCHIWUM EMIGRACJI Studia – Szkice – Dokumenty http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/AE.2018-2019.008 Toruń, Rok 2018/2019, Zeszyt 1–2 (26–27) ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ UNIWERSYTET W WILNIE THE UNIVERSITY OF VILNIUS AND ITS „GOLDEN AGE”: INTRODUCTION INTO THE 1803–1832 EPOCHS Alfredas BUMBLAUSKAS (Vilnius University) ORCID: 0000-0002-3067-786X Loreta SKURVYDAITĖ (Vilnius University) ORCID: 0000-0002-4350-4482 1. WHAT IS THE UNIVERSITY OF VILNIUS? It is a paradoxically simple question. Though it will not seem so simple if we ask another question — what is Vilnius? Today it is the capital of the Republic of Lithuania, a member state of the European Union. However, at the beginning of the 19th century, the epoch of great importance to us, it was turned into a provincial town of the Russian Empire. Prior to that, for a long time, it was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which existed in the 13th–18th century. In the 20th century, after the reestablishment of the Polish and Lithuanian states, it did not become the capital of Lithuania (the city of Kaunas became its provisional capital); Vilnius was incorporated into Poland and became a city of the Polish province. In 1939, on Stalin’s initiative, it was taken away from Poland and returned to Lithuania, at the same time annexing Lithuania to the Soviet Empire. All this has to be kept in mind if we want to understand the question what the University of Vilnius is. And what was it during the period between 1803 and 1832? 79 At first glance the answer seems simple — this is an institution founded by the Jesuits and Stephen Bathory in 1579.
    [Show full text]
  • LITUANUS Cumulative Index 1954-2004 (PDF)
    LITUANUS Cumulative Index 1954-2004 Art and Artists [Aleksa, Petras]. See Jautokas. 23:3 (1977) 59-65. [Algminas, Arvydas]. See Matranga. 31:2 (1985) 27-32. Anderson, Donald J. “Lithuanian Bookplates Ex Libris.” 26:4 (1980) 42-49. ——. “The Art of Algimantas Kezys.” 27:1 (1981) 49-62. ——. “Lithuanian Art: Exhibition 90 ‘My Religious Beliefs’.” 36:4 (1990) 16-26. ——. “Lithuanian Artists in North America.” 40:2 (1994) 43-57. Andriußyt∂, Rasa. “Rimvydas Jankauskas (Kampas).” 45:3 (1999) 48-56. Artists in Lithuania. “The Younger Generation of Graphic Artists in Lithuania: Eleven Reproductions.” 19:2 (1973) 55-66. [Augius, Paulius]. See Jurkus. 5:4 (1959) 118-120. See Kuraus- kas. 14:1 (1968) 40-64. Außrien∂, Nora. “Außrin∂ Marcinkeviçi∆t∂-Kerr.” 50:3 (2004) 33-34. Bagdonas, Juozas. “Profile of an Artist.” 29:4 (1983) 50-62. Bakßys Richardson, Milda. ”Juozas Jakßtas: A Lithuanian Carv- er Confronts the Venerable Oak.” 47:2 (2001) 4, 19-53. Baltrußaitis, Jurgis. “Arts and Crafts in the Lithuanian Home- stead.” 7:1 (1961) 18-21. ——. “Distinguishing Inner Marks of Roerich’s Painting.” Translated by W. Edward Brown. 20:1 (1974) 38-48. [Balukas, Vanda 1923–2004]. “The Canvas is the Message.” 28:3 (1982) 33-36. [Banys, Nijol∂]. See Kezys. 43:4 (1997) 55-61. [Barysait∂, DΩoja]. See Kuç∂nas-Foti. 44:4 (1998) 11-22. 13 ART AND ARTISTS [Bookplates and small art works]. Augusts, Gvido. 46:3 (2000) 20. Daukßait∂-Katinien∂, Irena. 26:4 (1980) 47. Eidrigeviçius, Stasys 26:4 (1980) 48. Indraßius, Algirdas. 44:1 (1998) 44. Ivanauskait∂, Jurga. 48:4 (2002) 39.
    [Show full text]
  • Europos Humanistas Marko Marulić – a European Humanist Parodos Katalogas / Exhibition Catalogue
    Markas Maruličius – Europos humanistas Marko Marulić – A European Humanist Parodos katalogas / Exhibition catalogue Markas Maruličius – Europos humanistas Marko Marulić – A European Humanist Parodos katalogas / Exhibition catalogue Zagrebo nacionalinė ir universitetinė biblioteka / The National and University Library in Zagreb, 2020 IMPRESSUM Išleido/ Publisher Zagrebo nacionalinė ir universitetinė biblioteka/ The National and University Library in Zagreb Leidėjas/ For the publisher dr. sc. Tatijana Petrić, l. e. p. Zagrebo nacionalinės ir universitetinės bibliotekos direktorė/ Acting Director General of the National and University Library in Zagreb Dr Tatijana Petrić Speciali padėka parodos partneriui Splito literatūros rateliui ir dr. Bratislavui Lučinui, Marko Maruličiaus tyrimų centro vadovui ir jo humanistų rateliui MARULIANUM, kurių tyrinėjimais ir autoriniais tekstais paremtas parodos turinys./ A special thanks to exhibition partner Književni krug Split (Split Literary Circle) and the manager of Centar za proučavanje Marka Marulića i njegova humanističkoga kruga MARVLIANVM (The Centre for Exploring Marko Marulić and his Humanistic Circle – MARVLIANVM) Dr Bratislav Lučin on whose exploring and authorial texts the content of the exhibition is based. Katalogą parengė/ Text editors Nela Marasović Iva Perinić Renata Petrušić Viktorija Vaitkevičiūtė Vesna Vlašić Jasenka Zajec Redaktorės/ Editors Nela Marasović Jasenka Zajec Į anglų kalbą vertė/ Translation into English Dalia Cidzikaitė Mislav Modronja Į lietuvių kalbą vertė/ Translation into Lithuanian Jurga Jozič Maketavo ir parengė spaudai/ Graphic design and print preparation Goran Hasanec Nuotraukų autoriai/ Photographs Darko Čižmek Sonja Hrelja Spausdino/Print ITG d.o.o. Tiražas/ Print run 200 Leidimo vieta ir metai/ Place and date of publication Zagreb, 2020 ISBN 978-953-500-193-5 CIP zapis je dostupan u računalnome katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 001050323.
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEWS Practical Guide. It Gives a Fuller Indication Than Previously
    REVIEWS 69 practical guide. It gives a fuller indication soil and makes one dream of setting forth than previously available of the nch van­ with a visa, a car and a good map. ety of architectural styles on Byelorussian Lindsey Hughes Donelajtis, Krystyn. Pory roku. Translated from the Lithuanian by Zygmunt Lawryno­ wicz [with the Lithuanian text en vis-a-vis]. Introduction by Andrzej Wakar and Zygmunt Lawrynowicz. 'Pojezierze', Olsztyn-Bi.alystok, 1982. xlv + 205 pp. Born in Lithuania and educated within cendancy of Polish culture accounts more the Polish system in Vilna in the 1930s, the than any other single factor for the slow poet Czeslaw Milosz laments that his gen­ development of Lithuanian literature in eration of schoolboys were told nothing the vernacular. Ironically, it was over the 'about the fine, rich folklore of Lithuania, border in Lithuania minor alias Lithuanian even though pagan activity was still extant East Prussia (inhabited largely by Lithua­ there, nor about the first printed texts in nian colonists but corning increasingly peasant dialects, or the Protestant pastor under the sway of the East Prussian Donelajtis who in the 18th century wrote authorities) that old Lithuanian literature The Four Seasons, a poem in Lithuanian was to achieve its finest florescence: hexameters which can be interestingly Donelaitis's The Four Seasons is by com­ compared with the Seasons of the more or mon assent the greatest literary work of less contemporary James Thompson' (Rod­ the feudal period. It is odd to reflect that zinna Europa, 2nd edn, 1980, p. 83). this development went hand in hand with From childhood the average Pole cannot Prussian plans for cultural unification: escape awareness of the Lithuanian and bent on gaining influence over the local Byelorussian landscape, if only from its Lithuanian population through educational fairy-tale apotheosis in Adam Mickiewicz's means, the Prussian authorities organized a Pan Tadeusz.
    [Show full text]
  • Kristijono DONELAIČIO REIKŠMĖS the Meanings of Kristijonas Donelaitis Konferencijos Programa Ir Tezės Parengė Mikas Vaicekauskas
    Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Tarptautinė mokslinė konferencija International academic conference KRISTIJONO DONELAIČIO REIKŠMĖS. ThE MEANINgS OF KRISTIjONAS DONELAITIS XIV jurgio Lebedžio skaitymai The 14th Readings of jurgis Lebedys 2014 m. gruodžio 9–10 d. 9–10 December 2014 . ProgRAMA IR TEzĖS ProgRAMME AND AbSTRAcTS Vilnius, 2014 m. gruodžio 9 d. | Vilnius, 9 December 2014 Lietuvos nacionalinė filharmonija, Aušros vartų g. 5 Lithuanian National Philharmonic hall, Aušros vartų st. 5 Vilnius, 2014 m. gruodžio 10 d. | Vilnius, 10 December 2014 Taikomosios dailės muziejus, Arsenalo g. 3A Museum of Applied Art, Arsenalo st. 3A Organizatorius | Organizer TURINYS Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas | Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Konferencijos rėmėjai | Conference Sponsors Programa 5 Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės kanceliarija | Pranešimų tezės 11 government chancellery of the Republic of Lithuania Lietuvos Respublikos kultūros ministerija | Programme 57 Ministry of culture of the Republic of Lithuania Lietuvos nacionalinė filharmonija | Abstracts 63 Lithuanian National Philharmonic Society Lietuvos dailės muziejus. Taikomosios dailės muziejus | Lithuanian Art Museum. Museum of Applied Art Organizacinis komitetas | Organizing Committee Mikas Vaicekauskas (pirmininkas | chairman) Aušra gudavičiūtė (sekretorė | secretary) Liucija citavičiūtė Mintautas Čiurinskas Darius Kuolys Mindaugas Kvietkauskas gytis Vaškelis Manfredas Žvirgždas Vertimas į anglų
    [Show full text]
  • Kristijonas Donelaitis Und Seine „Metai” – Eine Rezeptionsgeschichte
    Kristijonas Donelaitis und seine „Metai” – eine Rezeptionsgeschichte Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademi- schen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie der Phi- losophischen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Uni- versität Greifswald angefertigt von Anja Eberts, Greifswald Institut für Fremdsprachliche Philologien, Baltistik Dekan: Prof. Dr. Matthias Schneider Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Stephan Kessler Zweitgutachter: PD Dr. Jörg Hackmann Tag der Disputation: 9.04.2009 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 11 1.1 Forschungsgegenstand . 11 1.2 Forschungsstand . 17 2 Kristijonas Donelaitis und sein Werk Metai 20 2.1 Donelaitis und seine Zeit . 20 2.2 Donelaitis’ Epos Metai .................... 26 3 Kristijonas Donelaitis - eine kontroverse Rezeption 44 3.1 Der Beginn der Rezeption von Donelaitis Metai Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts . 44 3.2 Donelaitis zur Mitte des 19. bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts 49 3.2.1 Der zweihundertjährige Geburtstag des Kristijonas Donelaitis in der Presse . 60 3.3 Die litauische Republik und „ihr” Donelaitis . 69 3.3.1 Politische Situation in der Republik Litauen . 69 3.3.2 Kulturelle Situation während der Unabhängigkeit . 76 3.3.3 Donelaitis’ Bewertung in der Zeit der ersten Unab- hängigkeit Litauens . 78 3.4 Donelaitis in der Zeit der Sowjetbesatzung . 85 3.4.1 Literarische Zensur in Sowjetlitauen . 88 3.4.2 Donelaitis-Ausgaben . 96 3.4.3 Sowjetlitauische Ehrung von Donelaitis . 99 3.4.4 Donelaitis im Kampf gegen die Deutschen . 104 3.4.5 Donelaitis als Realist . 115 3.4.6 Donelaitis, der Bauerndichter . 120 3.4.7 Donelaitis als Patriot, Erwecker und Klassenkämpfer 127 3 3.4.8 Das Jubiläum anlässlich Donelaitis’ 175. Todestages im Jahre 1955 .
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of TURKU Faculty of Humanities Baltic Sea Region Studies
    UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Humanities Baltic Sea Region Studies Master’s Thesis BECOMING LOCALS IN A BORDERLAND OF EXILES. SENSE OF PLACE IN THE STORIES OF LITHUANIA MINOR DWELLERS. Camilla Marucco Turku August 2014 The originality of this thesis has been checked in accordance with the University of Turku quality assurance system using the Turnitin Originality Check service. THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Baltic Sea Region Studies Faculty of Humanities MARUCCO, CAMILLA: Becoming Locals in a Borderland of Exiles. Sense of Place in the Stories of Lithuania Minor Dwellers. Master’s thesis, 119 p., 1 appendix page Baltic Sea Region Studies August 2014 This thesis deals with sense of place, the relation that we construct with our dwelling and the surrounding environment. The topic belongs to the field of human geography. Sense of place is deeply intertwined with the ideas of feeling at home and having a place where to return. I argue that narratives of life experience help us relate to the places we inhabit, go through, leave. My analysis concerns Lithuania Minor, the Lithuanian region lying by the border with Kaliningrad, and focuses in particular on Vilkyškiai, a village in the municipality of Pagėgiai. Most of the area’s original population disappeared in the war. After 1945, people from all over the country and the USSR settled here. This raised the prickly question of who belongs to the borderland. Refugees, migrants and settlers allow us to observe closely the development of sense of place and its main constituents. Through this analysis, I challenge the idea of people’s natural rights to places and shows how time, engagement in local-based cultural activities and recollection help foreigners become locals.
    [Show full text]
  • Kristijono Donelaičio Kūrybos Europietiškosios Ištakos
    Kristijono Donelaičio Kūrybos europietiškosIOS ištAKOS Alina Kuzborska ANOTACIJA Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos Kristijono Donelaičio kūrybos sąsajos su Europos literatūros ištakomis, visų pirma su antikine literatūra (Vergilijus ir Hesiodas). Sisteminė „Metų“ žanro referencija leidžia padary- ti prielaidą, kad iš Rytų Prūsijos kilęs lietuvių literatūros klasikas per savo išsilavinimą Karaliaučiaus universitete, visą gyvenimą praleidęs heterogeninėje aplinkoje Prūsijos Lietuvoje, parašė kūrinį inspi- ruodamasis antikinių didaktinių idilių pavyzdžiais. Vergilijų Donelaitis minėjo ir citavo savo vokiečių kalba parašytame laiške, Hesiodo „Erga“ galėjo skaityti ir nagrinėti studijų metais. „Metų“ bei „Darbų ir dienų“ sugretinimas rodo bendrus abiejų poetų klodus: be struktūros ir žanro santykių, semantiniame ly- gmenyje yra daug sąsajų, intertekstualiai tematizuojančių gamtos, laiko, darbo bei religijos kategorijas. PagRinDiniai žoDžiai: Švietimo epocha, intertekstualumas, antikinės idilės žanras, didaktinė po- ema, gamtos ir laiko kategorijos. aBSTRaCT The article analyzes the links of the poetry of Kristijonas Donelaitis with the origins of European literatu- re, and primarily with the literature of antiquity (Virgil and Hesiod). The systemic reference to the genre of “The Seasons” leads to an assumption that the classic of Lithuanian literature, born in East Prussia, educated in Königsberg University, and having spent all his lifetime in the heterogeneous environment of Prussian Lithuania, wrote his masterpiece inspired by didactic idylls of antiquity. Virgil was referred to and quoted by Donelaitis in his letter written in german, and Donelaitis could have read and analyzed Hesiod‘s Erga in the years of his studies. The juxtaposition of “The Seasons” and “Works and Days” demonstrates the layers shared by the two poets: in addition to the relationships of the structure and the genre, there are numerous links at the semantic level that intertextually thematize the categories of natu- re, time, work, and religion.
    [Show full text]
  • II. Key Facts About Lithuanian History Lithuanian History Is Very Interesting
    II. Key facts about Lithuanian history Lithuanian history is very interesting and rich. This part will introduce you to the most important and most interesting facts of the history of Lithuania – from country's name being mentioned for the first time in written sources till significant events of the 21st century. May 2004 Lithuania joined the European Union. http://ec.europa.eu/lietuva/abc_of_the_eu/kelias_i_es/kelias_i_lt.htm 29 May 2004 Lithuania became a member of NATO. http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO 11 March 1990 Lithuanian Independence Restoration. http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovo_11 Lithuanian Reform Movement „Sajudis“ on 22-23 October 1988. http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvos_Persitvarkymo_S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis 1944 Lithuania was occupied by Soviet Union again. http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvos_TSR_istorija 1941 Lithuania was in German influence zone. http://www.genocid.lt/centras/lt/1488/a/ At the beginning of World War II Lithuania was occupied by Soviet Union (1940). http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_show?p_r=7365&p_k=1 Restoration of the State of Lithuania – 16 February 1918. http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvos_Nepriklausomyb%C4%97s_Aktas Lithuanian press ban period from 1864 until 1904. During this time the press was allowed only in Russian. Lithuanian books were secretly spread by the book smugglers http://www.spaudos.lt/Istorija/SD_issamiau.htm In the 18th century there were three Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth conducted by Austria, Prussia and Russian Empire. They divided the Commonwealth’s lands among themselves. Lithuania became a part of the Russian Empire. http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiej%C5%B3_Taut%C5%B3_Respublikos_padalijimai 3 May 1791 adoption of the first in Europe and the second in the world after the United States written Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Kristijono Donelaičio Epochos Knygos Kultūra Daugiatautėje Prūsijos Visuomenėje
    VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS LIETUVOS MOKSLŲ AKADEMIJA Tarptautinė mokslinė konferencija KRISTIJONO DONELAIČIO EPOCHOS KNYGOS KULTŪRA DAUGIATAUTĖJE PRŪSIJOS VISUOMENĖJE PROGRAMA Vilnius, 2014 m.~ 29 rugsėjo ~ 25–26 d. Vilnius, Gedimino pr. 3 Lietuvos mokslų akademija M alonūs kolegos, tarptautinės mokslinės konferencijos „Kristijono Donelaičio epochos knygos kultūra daugiatautėje Prūsijos visuomenėje“ idėją pasiūlė Kristijono Donelaičio 300 metų gimimo sukakties minėjimo kompleksinės programos kūrėja – Li- tuanistikos tradicijų ir paveldo įprasminimo komisija. Sumanymą įgyvendino Vilniaus universiteto ir Lietuvos mokslų akademijos mokslininkai. Lietuvos vyriausybė, skirdama finansavimą, sudarė sąlygas šiam renginiui vykti. K. Do- nelaičio sukakčiai įprasminti valstybinėje programoje numatyta skatinti moks- linius tyrimus, parengti naujų K. Donelaičio kūrybos leidimų ir vertimų dar neskelbtomis kalbomis, surengti keletą probleminių konferencijų, atminimą įamžinti naujais paminklais ir meno kūriniais. Paryžiuje 2013 m. lapkritį vy- kusioje UNESCO Generalinėje konferencijoje K. Donelaičio sukaktis įtrauk- ta į UNESCO skelbiamą svarbių pasaulio kultūros įvykių kalendorių. Visa tai padeda tarptautiniu mastu sklisti humanistinėms vertybėms, suartėti tautoms, populiarėti lietuvių literatūrai, mokslui, menui ir kultūrai, įvairių kartų skaity- tojams atrasti ir iš naujo pažinti „Metų“ autorių. Kristijonas Donelaitis (1714 sausio 1–1780 vasario 18) priklausė Prūsijos šiaurinėje dalyje gyvenusiai lietuvių etninei grupei. Jis gimė Lazdynėlių kaime netoli
    [Show full text]