DOCSLIB.ORG

Field Guide to Diseases & Insects Pests of Northern & Central Rocky Mountain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field Guide to Diseases & Insects Pests of Northern & Central Rocky Mountain FOLIAGE LARCH CASEBEARER Coleophora laricella (Hubner) Hosts-- Western larch. Distribution-- An introduced species now found throughout range of host. Damage-- Spring larvae can completely defoliate trees. Defoliated trees can put out another flush of needles, but these may be destroyed by summer larvae. Continued heavy defoliation causes growth loss, branch dieback, and gradual tree death. a Identification-- The tips of mined needles in the spring are straw colored, have a hole in them, and curl over or look wilted (fig. 197a-c). Cases, made from hollowed needle segments, containing larvae may be found on needles or twigs from end of August through following June (fig. 197d). Cases are straw-colored and rectangular, becoming light gray and cigar-shaped during pupation. They are less than one-fourth inch long. In June, when defoliated trees are disturbed, clouds of small, silvery moths (fig 197e) will arise. Eggs are laid singly on needles from late May to early July. Hatching larvae bore into and mine needles. Similar damages-- Larch casebearer damage is most often confused with that of larch needle cast or larch needle blight. Larch sawfly damage is similar from a distance but chewed needles distinguish this damage. Look for distinctive “cases” to identify casebearer. b References-- e See full guide. Figure 197. Larch casebearer larvae extend from protective cases to mine needles (a). As the larvae feed, the hollow needle tips droop (b). Later, the needle tips turn brown (c). Larvae overwinter in cases attached to branch nodes and buds (d). Adult casebearers are tiny moths (e) c d 124 FOLIAGE LARCH DEFOLIATORS COmpaRED Figure 201. This stand of western larch may have been damaged by any of four likely agents. To determine the cause, look closely at the foliage (Table 9). Table 9. Important defoliators of western larch. DISEASE OR INSECT DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS APPEARANCE Needles red or gray; all needles Needle blight on fascicle droop; round black fruiting bodies on gray needles. Needles yellow- and red- Needle cast spotted; do not droop but will be cast by late summer. Tips of needles droop or kink; Casebearer straw-yellow or red-brown tips; cases of feeding insects on needles or twigs. Needles yellow or red-brown; chunks of needles removed Sawfly by chewing; green larvae with shiny black heads may be present. 127 Identification Keys Figure 2. Comparison of three common types of defoliating insect larvae. 25.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Larix Decidua Miller Taxonomy Author, Year Miller Synonym Larix Europaea DC; Larix Sudetica Domin; Pinus Larix L
    Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3 and 4 Larix decidua Miller taxonomy author, year Miller synonym Larix europaea DC; Larix sudetica Domin; Pinus larix L. Family Pinaceae Eng. Name European larch, Common larch Dutch name Europese lariks (Boom, 2000) Europese lork (Heukels’ Flora, 2005) subspecies - varieties L. decidua var. polonica (Racib) Ostenf. & Syrach Larsen (syn. L. polonica Racib.) L. decidua var. carpatica Domin (syn. L. carpatica Domin.) hybrids Larix x marschlinsii Coaz (L. decidua x L. kaempferi) (syn. Larix x eurolepis Henry) cultivars, frequently planted - references Earle, C.J. Gymnosperm database www.conifers.org USDA Forest Service www.pfaf.org/database/index.php Westra, J.J. Het geslacht Larix. In Schmidt (ed.). 1987. Ned. Boomsoorten 1 Syllabus vakgroep Bosteelt en Bosecologie, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen Plants for a Future Database; www.pfaf.org/index.html morphology crown habit tree, pyramidal max. height (m) Europe: 30-50 The Netherlands: 30 max. dbh (cm) 100-200 oldest tree year 988 AC, tree ring count, Val Malenco, Italy. actual size Europe year …, d(130) 95, h 46, Glenlee Park, Dumfries and Galloway, UK. year …, d(130) 271, h 30, Ulten Valley, Saint Nicholas, Italy. actual size Netherlands year 1844, d…, h …, Schovenhorst, Putten year 1830-1840, d(130) 114, h 17 year 1850-1860, d(130) 115, h 20 year 1860-1870, d(130) 97, h 28 leaf length (cm) 2-4 single leaf petiole (cm) 0 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface green leaves arrangement alternate flowering March - May flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) ? pollination wind fruit; length cone; 3-4 cm fruit petiole (cm) 0,3 seed; length samara (=winged nut); … cm seed-wing length (cm) weight 1000 seeds (g) 5,0-5,9 seeds ripen October same year seed dispersal wind habitat natural distribution Alps, Central Europe in N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Insectes, Maladies Et Feux Dans Les Forêts Québécoises 2008
    2008 Insectes, maladies et feux dans les forêts québécoises 2008 Insectes, maladies et feux dans les forêts québécoises REMERCIEMENTS Les auteurs remercient les 16 techniciens du ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune qui travaillent en protection des forêts dans les diverses régions administratives du Québec ainsi que le personnel de la Direction de l’environnement et de la protection des forêts, pour leur contribution à la préparation de ce rapport annuel. RÉALISATION Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune Direction de l’environnement et de la protection des forêts Service des relevés et des diagnostics 2700, rue Einstein, local D 2.370a Québec (Québec) G1P 3W8 Téléphone : 418 643-9679 Télécopieur : 418 643-0381 Courriel : [email protected] Rédaction Yves Boilard, Martin Bonneau, Réjean Dostie, Claudine Dussault, Julie Fortin, Louise Innes, Chantal Lachance, Lucie Marchand, Louis Morneau, Nicolas Nadeau-Thibodeau, Martin Prémont, Guy Rhéaume et Solange Simard Cartographie Louis Deschamps, Sylvie Jean et Jacquelin Martel Infographie Sylvie Jean Secrétariat Claudyne Fortin Révision linguistique Anne Veilleux Révision scientifique Michel Huot DIFFUSION Cette publication, conçue pour une impression recto-verso, est accessible en ligne uniquement à l’adresse : www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/publications/forets/fimaq/insectes/bilan2008.pdf NOTE La consultation en couleurs de ce document est recommandée pour mieux apprécier les cartes, les tableaux et les photographies. PAGE COUVERTURE De haut en bas : Pupe de la tordeuse des
    [Show full text]
  • DRAFT***Literature Syntheses***DRAFT
    ***DRAFT*** This document is the review version of a manuscript to be published by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station as a General Technical Report. Readers are encouraged to send comments to the authors. Hazardous Fuels Reduction Treatments in the Northern Rockies: An Annotated Bibliography 10/5/04 Sharon A. Ritter1, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland2, Ward McCaughey3, and Jan Scher4 1Research/Management Coordinator, Bitterroot National Forest, Hamilton, MT, [email protected] 2Research Biologist, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, [email protected] 3Jan Scher, (formerly) contractor, METI corporation. Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Literature Reviews.......................................................................................................................... 4 Air Quality .................................................................................................................................... 41 Economics..................................................................................................................................... 42 Fire Behavior and Fuel Reduction ................................................................................................ 48 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................................ 64 Hydrology ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Larch Casebearer by Lee Pederson Coleophora Laricella (Hubner) US Forest Service (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)
    Forest Health Protection and State Forestry Organizations January 2006 8.1 Management Guide for WEB July 2010 Larch Casebearer By Lee Pederson Coleophora laricella (Hubner) US Forest Service (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) First reported in northern Idaho Host: in 1957, the larch casebearer is Western the most important needle larch Topics miner found in our Regions. Damage 1 Life History 1 Damage Identification 1 Management 2 Larch casebearer larvae can Continued heavy defoliation causes completely defoliate new foliage in appreciable radial growth loss, and Other Reading 3 early spring, especially during its after 5 years branch dieback begins, Field Guide fourth instar. Defoliated trees can and trees gradually die. put out another flush of needles but Management summer larvae may consume them. Guide Index Life History Larch casebearers overwinter as Upon hatching, a larva bores through third instars inside cases attached to the eggshell directly into the needle. Key Points spurs (buds). Larvae start feeding by It mines the needle for about 2 The larvae can May as new needles appear. A larva months, and then lines a portion of it completely fastens its case to a needle with silk with silk. This case is chewed free defoliate new and then mines the interior as far as from the rest of the needle. Both foliage in early it can reach without actually leaving ends of the case are open and the spring. the case. After going through the larva feeds from one end of it from Damage fourth instar, larvae pupate inside mid-August to late October. Larvae identification is their cases in late May.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota's Top 124 Terrestrial Invasive Plants and Pests
    Photo by RichardhdWebbWebb 0LQQHVRWD V7RS 7HUUHVWULDO,QYDVLYH 3ODQWVDQG3HVWV 3ULRULWLHVIRU5HVHDUFK Sciencebased solutions to protect Minnesota’s prairies, forests, wetlands, and agricultural resources Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Prioritization Panel members ....................................................................................................... 4 III. Seventeen criteria, and their relative importance, to assess the threat a terrestrial invasive species poses to Minnesota ...................................................................................................................... 5 IV. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive insects ................................................................................. 6 V. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive plant pathogens .................................................................. 7 VI. Prioritized list of plants (weeds) ................................................................................................... 8 VII. Terrestrial invasive insects (alphabetically by common name): criteria ratings to determine threat to Minnesota. .................................................................................................................................... 9 VIII. Terrestrial invasive pathogens (alphabetically by disease among bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants, and viruses): criteria ratings
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Monitoring Report
    United States Department Mt. Hood National Forest of Agriculture Forest Service Annual Monitoring Report PNW 2008 FY 2007 “Every forest has a story. Forest-scale sustainability monitoring needs to have enough of a common framework to tell the stories at each scale of the organization. In the end, the vital few Criteria and Indicators must be able to help us tell the stories.” Gary Larsen, Forest Supervisor Mt. Hood National Forest Table of Contents 5 Introduction 15 Summary 33 Strategy A 33 Partnerships and Volunteers 35 Financial Review 38 Forest Plan Amendments 41 Strategy B 41 Recreation 47 Heritage Resources 49 Transportation/Roads 51 Range Management 53 Minerals 55 Strategy C 55 Forest Resources and Timber Supply 69 Strategy D 69 Water Resources 74 Soil Resources 77 Strategy E 79 Fisheries 82 Wildlife 87 Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive (TES) Plants 91 Strategy F 91 Fire Management 93 Invasive Plants 97 Geology 98 Air Quality 101 Strategy G 103 Appendix A 105 Appendix B 2008 Annual Monitoring Report Stewardship Challenges for the Mt. Hood National Forest catalyst for learning and change on the part of the Mt. Hood is an Oregon icon. People care Forest Service and the citizens it serves to better deeply about public lands in the Pacific care for the land. Northwest. People in the greater Portland/ The plan is formulated around three guiding Vancouver metropolitan area in particular, principles: as well as those in surrounding urban and z Ecosystem Restoration: Working actively to rural communities, recognize the important restore the forest’s ecosystems, ecosystem contribution Mt Hood National Forest processes, ecosystem functions, and makes to livability and sustainability of our recognizing people as part of the ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: a Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project
    United States Department of Agriculture Michigan Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project Forest Northern General Technical Service Research Station Report NRS-129 March 2014 ABSTRACT The forests in northern Michigan will be affected directly and indirectly by changing climate during the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of forest ecosystems in the eastern Upper Peninsula and northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan under a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and described a range of projected future climates. This information was used to parameterize and run multiple vegetation impact models, which provided a range of potential vegetative responses to climate. Finally, we brought these results before a multidisciplinary panel of scientists and land managers familiar with Michigan forests to assess ecosystem vulnerability through a formal consensus-based expert elicitation process. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major forest trends and stressors currently threatening forests in the region. Observed trends in climate over the past century reveal that precipitation increased in the area, particularly in summer and fall, and that daily maximum temperatures increased, particularly in winter. Projected climate trends for the next 100 years using downscaled global climate model data indicate a potential increase in mean annual temperature of 2.2 to 8.1 °F for the assessment area. Projections for precipitation indicate an increase in winter and spring precipitation, and summer and fall precipitation projections vary by scenario. We identified potential impacts on forests by incorporating these climate projections into three forest impact models (Tree Atlas, LANDIS-II, and PnET-CN).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Invasive Species in Alaska and Its National Forests August 30, 2005
    Assessment of Invasive Species in Alaska and its National Forests August 30, 2005 Compiled by Barbara Schrader and Paul Hennon Contributing Authors: USFS Alaska Regional Office: Michael Goldstein, Wildlife Ecologist; Don Martin, Fisheries Ecologist; Barbara Schrader, Vegetation Ecologist USFS Alaska Region, State and Private Forestry/Forest Health Protection: Paul Hennon, Pathologist; Ed Holsten, Entomologist (retired); Jim Kruse, Entomologist Executive Summary This document assesses the current status of invasive species in Alaska’s ecosystems, with emphasis on the State’s two national forests. Lists of invasive species were developed in several taxonomic groups including plants, terrestrial and aquatic organisms, tree pathogens and insects. Sixty-three plant species have been ranked according to their invasive characteristics. Spotted knapweed, Japanese knotweed, reed canarygrass, white sweetclover, ornamental jewelweed, Canada thistle, bird vetch, orange hawkweed, and garlic mustard were among the highest-ranked species. A number of non-native terrestrial fauna species have been introduced or transplanted in Alaska. At this time only rats are considered to be causing substantial ecological harm. The impacts of non-native slugs in estuaries are unknown, and concern exists about the expansion of introduced elk populations in southeast Alaska. Northern pike represents the most immediate concern among aquatic species, but several other species (Atlantic salmon, Chinese mitten crab, and New Zealand mudsnail) could invade Alaska in the future. No tree pathogen is currently damaging Alaska’s native tree species but several fungal species from Europe and Asia could cause considerable damage if introduced. Four introduced insects are currently established and causing defoliation and tree mortality to spruce, birch, and larch.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Priorities for Reducing the Threat of Invasive Species to Sustainable Forestry
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Forest Service -- USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications National Agroforestry Center 2005 Science Priorities for Reducing the Threat of Invasive Species to Sustainable Forestry Elizabeth A. Chornesky Ann M. Bartuska US Department of Agriculture Gregory H. Aplet Wilderness Society Kerry O. Britton USDA Forest Service Jane Cummings-Carlson Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdafsfacpub Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Chornesky, Elizabeth A.; Bartuska, Ann M.; Aplet, Gregory H.; Britton, Kerry O.; Cummings-Carlson, Jane; Davis, Frank W.; Eskow, Jessica; Gordon, Doria R.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Haack, Robert A.; Hansen, Andrew J.; Mack, Richard N.; Rahel, Frank J.; Shannon, Margaret A.; Wainger, Lisa A.; and Wigley, T. Bently, "Science Priorities for Reducing the Threat of Invasive Species to Sustainable Forestry" (2005). USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications. 86. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdafsfacpub/86 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Forest Service -- National Agroforestry Center at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Elizabeth A. Chornesky, Ann M. Bartuska, Gregory H. Aplet, Kerry O. Britton, Jane Cummings-Carlson, Frank W. Davis, Jessica Eskow, Doria R. Gordon, Kurt W. Gottschalk, Robert A. Haack, Andrew J. Hansen, Richard N. Mack, Frank J. Rahel, Margaret A. Shannon, Lisa A.
    [Show full text]
  • FIELD GUIDE to FOREST DAMAGE in British Columbia
    FIELD GUIDE TO FOREST DAMAGE in British Columbia 3RD REVISED EDITION Field Guide to the Pests of Managed Forests in British Columbia (1983) Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the Government of British Columbia of any product or service to the exclusion of any others that may also be suitable. Contents of this report are presented for discussion purposes only. Funding assistance does not imply endorsement of any statements or information contained herein by the Government of British Columbia. Uniform Resource Locators (urls), addresses, and contact information contained in this document are current at the time of printing unless otherwise noted. Print edition: ISBN 978-0-7726-6819-6 Electronic/PDF edition: ISBN 978-0-7726-6819-6 Citation Burleigh, J., T. Ebata, K.J. White, D. Rusch and H. Kope. (Eds.) 2014. Field Guide to Forest Damage in British Columbia (Joint publication, ISSN 0843-4719 ; no. 17) Authors’ affiliation Jennifer Burleigh, Tim Ebata and Harry Kope B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations Resource Practices Branch, Victoria, B.C. Ken White B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations Skeena Region, Smithers, B.C. David Rusch B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations Cariboo Region, Williams Lake, B.C. Copies of this report may be obtained from: Crown Publications, Queen’s Printer PO Box 9452 Stn Prov Govt Victoria, BC v8w 9v7 1-800-663-6105 | www.crownpub.bc.ca For information on other publications in this series, visit www.for.gov.bc.ca/scripts/hfd/pubs/hfdcatalog/index.asp © 2014 Province of British Columbia When using information from this report, please cite fully and correctly.
    [Show full text]
  • Subalpine Larch (Larix Lyallii), Western Larch (L. Occidentalis), and Tamarack (L
    SECTION 3. NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN LARCHES - 91 Section 3. Native north american larches: subalpine larch (Larix lyallii), western larch (L. occidentalis), and tamarack (L. laricina) Preamble: Each of the three North American larch species is usually discussed separately in each section and subsection of this Consensus Document in the following order: subalpine larch (Larix lyallii), western larch (Larix occidentalis), and tamarack (Larix laricina). 1. Taxonomy Larch forests essentially encircle the colder temperate Northern Hemisphere. Within this area, the larch genus (Larix) is represented by 10-15 species and some subspecies or varieties as well as natural hybrids (Schmidt, 1995; Semerikov and Lascoux 2003; Semerikov et al, 2003). Ten species usually recognised are the North Eurasian Larix decidua, L. sibirica (synonym L. russica), L. gmelinii (including L. cajanderi, L. dahurica, and possibly L. olgensis), and L. kaempferi (synonym L. leptolepis); the South Asian L. griffithiana, L. mastersiana, and L. potaninii; and the North American L. laricina, L. lyallii, and L. occidentalis. All true larches are in the genus Larix Mill., a deciduous needle-leaf lineage in the gymnosperm family Pinaceae. Larch taxonomy has had limited overall attention. This is reflected in a lack of consensus about what constitutes a larch species or subspecies (or botanical variety), and about the phylogenetic relationships among species (Semerikov et al, 2003). The proposed division of Larix into two sections based largely on cone morphology (Vidakovic, 1991) is not supported by studies of chloroplast DNA variation (Qian et al, 1995), nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (Gernandt and Liston, 1999), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) (Semerikov et al, 2003), or allozyme variation (Semerikov and Lascoux, 1999; Semerikov et al, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Warm Temperatures Increase Population Growth of a Nonnative Defoliator and Inhibit Demographic Responses by Parasitoids
    Ecology, 101(11), 2020, e03156 © 2020 by the Ecological Society of America Warm temperatures increase population growth of a nonnative defoliator and inhibit demographic responses by parasitoids 1,5 2 1 3,4 SAMUEL F. WARD , BRIAN H. AUKEMA, SONGLIN FEI , AND ANDREW M. LIEBHOLD 1Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA 2Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA 3USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 USA 4Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ 165 21, Praha 6–Suchdol, Czech Republic Citation: Ward, S. F., B. H. Aukema, S. Fei, and A. M. Liebhold. 2020. Warm temperatures increase popu- lation growth of a non-native defoliator and inhibit demographic responses by parasitoids. Ecology 101 (11):e03156. 10.1002/ecy.3156 Abstract. Changes in thermal regimes that disparately affect hosts and parasitoids could release hosts from biological control. When multiple natural enemy species share a host, shifts in host–parasitoid dynamics could depend on whether natural enemies interact antagonisti- cally vs. synergistically. We investigated how biotic and abiotic factors influence the population ecology of larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella), a nonnative pest, and two imported para- sitoids, Agathis pumila and Chrysocharis laricinellae, by analyzing (1) temporal dynamics in defoliation from 1962 to 2018, and (2) historical, branch-level data on densities of larch case- bearer and parasitism rates by the two imported natural enemies from 1972 to 1995. Analyses of defoliation indicated that, prior to the widespread establishment of parasitoids (1962 to ~1980), larch casebearer outbreaks occurred in 2–6 yr cycles.
    [Show full text]