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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Annual Co and Ch Fluxes of Pristine Boreal Mires As a Background For
BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 12: 101–113 ISSN 1239-6095 Helsinki 11 May 2007 © 2007 Annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes of pristine boreal mires as a background for the lifecycle analyses of peat energy Sanna Saarnio1)*, Micaela Morero1), Narasinha J. Shurpali2), Eeva-Stiina Tuittila3), Markku Mäkilä4) and Jukka Alm5) 1) Faculty of Biosciences, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland (*corresponding author’s e-mail [email protected]) 2) Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland 3) Department of Forest Ecology, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 4) Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland 5) Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Unit, P.O. Box 68, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland Received 18 Nov. 2005, accepted 24 Jan. 2007 (Editor in charge of this article: Raija Laiho) Saarnio, S., Morero, M., Shurpali, N. J., Tuittila, E.-S., Mäkilä, M. & Alm, J. 2007: Annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes of pristine boreal mires as a background for the lifecycle analyses of peat energy. Boreal Env. Res. 12: 101–113. This study was conducted to improve the estimates of C gas fluxes in boreal ombrotrophic and minerotrophic mires used in the lifecycle analysis of peat energy. We reviewed lit- erature and collected field data from two new sites in southern Finland. In the literature, –2 –1 annual estimates of net CO2 exchange varied from –85 to +67 g C m a for ombrotrophic –2 –1 mires and from –101 to +98 g C m a for minerotrophic mires. -
Larix Decidua Miller Taxonomy Author, Year Miller Synonym Larix Europaea DC; Larix Sudetica Domin; Pinus Larix L
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3 and 4 Larix decidua Miller taxonomy author, year Miller synonym Larix europaea DC; Larix sudetica Domin; Pinus larix L. Family Pinaceae Eng. Name European larch, Common larch Dutch name Europese lariks (Boom, 2000) Europese lork (Heukels’ Flora, 2005) subspecies - varieties L. decidua var. polonica (Racib) Ostenf. & Syrach Larsen (syn. L. polonica Racib.) L. decidua var. carpatica Domin (syn. L. carpatica Domin.) hybrids Larix x marschlinsii Coaz (L. decidua x L. kaempferi) (syn. Larix x eurolepis Henry) cultivars, frequently planted - references Earle, C.J. Gymnosperm database www.conifers.org USDA Forest Service www.pfaf.org/database/index.php Westra, J.J. Het geslacht Larix. In Schmidt (ed.). 1987. Ned. Boomsoorten 1 Syllabus vakgroep Bosteelt en Bosecologie, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen Plants for a Future Database; www.pfaf.org/index.html morphology crown habit tree, pyramidal max. height (m) Europe: 30-50 The Netherlands: 30 max. dbh (cm) 100-200 oldest tree year 988 AC, tree ring count, Val Malenco, Italy. actual size Europe year …, d(130) 95, h 46, Glenlee Park, Dumfries and Galloway, UK. year …, d(130) 271, h 30, Ulten Valley, Saint Nicholas, Italy. actual size Netherlands year 1844, d…, h …, Schovenhorst, Putten year 1830-1840, d(130) 114, h 17 year 1850-1860, d(130) 115, h 20 year 1860-1870, d(130) 97, h 28 leaf length (cm) 2-4 single leaf petiole (cm) 0 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface green leaves arrangement alternate flowering March - May flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) ? pollination wind fruit; length cone; 3-4 cm fruit petiole (cm) 0,3 seed; length samara (=winged nut); … cm seed-wing length (cm) weight 1000 seeds (g) 5,0-5,9 seeds ripen October same year seed dispersal wind habitat natural distribution Alps, Central Europe in N.W. -
Vegetative Ecology of a Montane Mire, Crater Lake National
AJ ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Susan Cornelia Seyer for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on December 14, 1979 Title: VEGETATIVE ECOLOGY OF A MONTANE MIRE, CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREGON Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Jerry F. Franklin Mires, or peat-producing ecosystems, dominated by sedges, shrubs, and brown mosses, are common features in Cascade subalpine regions, occurring where moisture accumulates in small basins or on poorly-drained slopes. Although descriptions and classifications have been developed for mire vegetation in much of the world, there is little information of even a descriptive nature for these montane mires in Oregon and Washington. This thesis reports on phytosocia- logical structure, env'ironental relations, and successional trends in one such mire in the Oregon Cascade mountains. To characterize the general phytosociological structure of the mire vegetation at Sphagnum Bog, Crater Lake National Park, quantitative species cover data were used in conjunction with a Braun-Blanquet tabular analysis and two-dimensional stand ordinations, reciprocal averaging and a Bray-Curtis polar ordination. Defined community types correspond to physiognomic types as follows: Carex rostrata (reedswamp); Eleocharis pauciflora-Carex limosa, Eleocharis pauciflora/bryophytes (low sedge fens); Carex sichensis (tall sedge fen); Vaccinium/ Aulacomnium palustre, Vaccinium occidentala/Carex sitchensis (shrub thickets; Alnus incana/Brachythacium sp. and Salix barclayi (marginal carrs).Phases were defined when appropriate. A vegetation map was made to illustrate the locations and extent of the variouscommunities. Comparisons with other montane mires in thearea determined that the physiognomic units defined are repeatable when appropriate habitat conditions are present, and that they usually includemany of the same characteristic species, the dominant mosses being particularly constant. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
28. GALIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 105. 1753
Fl. China 19: 104–141. 2011. 28. GALIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 105. 1753. 拉拉藤属 la la teng shu Chen Tao (陈涛); Friedrich Ehrendorfer Subshrubs to perennial or annual herbs. Stems often weak and clambering, often notably prickly or “sticky” (i.e., retrorsely aculeolate, “velcro-like”). Raphides present. Leaves opposite, mostly with leaflike stipules in whorls of 4, 6, or more, usually sessile or occasionally petiolate, without domatia, abaxial epidermis sometimes punctate- to striate-glandular, mostly with 1 main nerve, occasionally triplinerved or palmately veined; stipules interpetiolar and usually leaflike, sometimes reduced. Inflorescences mostly terminal and axillary (sometimes only axillary), thyrsoid to paniculiform or subcapitate, cymes several to many flowered or in- frequently reduced to 1 flower, pedunculate to sessile, bracteate or bracts reduced especially on higher order axes [or bracts some- times leaflike and involucral], bracteoles at pedicels lacking. Flowers mostly bisexual and monomorphic, hermaphroditic, sometimes unisexual, andromonoecious, occasionally polygamo-dioecious or dioecious, pedicellate to sessile, usually quite small. Calyx with limb nearly always reduced to absent; hypanthium portion fused with ovary. Corolla white, yellow, yellow-green, green, more rarely pink, red, dark red, or purple, rotate to occasionally campanulate or broadly funnelform; tube sometimes so reduced as to give appearance of free petals, glabrous inside; lobes (3 or)4(or occasionally 5), valvate in bud. Stamens (3 or)4(or occasionally 5), inserted on corolla tube near base, exserted; filaments developed to ± reduced; anthers dorsifixed. Inferior ovary 2-celled, ± didymous, ovoid, ellipsoid, or globose, smooth, papillose, tuberculate, or with hooked or rarely straight trichomes, 1 erect and axile ovule in each cell; stigmas 2-lobed, exserted. -
Rich Conifer Swamp Communityrich Conifer Abstract Swamp, Page 1
Rich Conifer Swamp CommunityRich Conifer Abstract Swamp, Page 1 Community Range Photo by Michael R. Penskar Prevalent or likely prevalent Infrequent or likely infrequent Absent or likely absent Overview: Rich conifer swamp is a groundwater- communities are minerotrophic wetlands but differ in influenced, or minerotrophic, forested wetland that is species composition because of the absence of northern dominated by northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) white cedar, which often forms a dense canopy. An- and occurs on organic soils (e.g., peat and muck). The other type of conifer-dominated wetland, poor conifer community is often referred to as cedar swamp. swamp, which occurs primarily in northern Michigan, can be distinguished from rich conifer swamp by its Global and State Rank: G4/S3 acidic organic soils, lack of groundwater influence (i.e., ombrotrophic), and prevalence of black spruce (Picea Range: Rich conifer swamp occurs throughout the up- mariana) and/or tamarack (Kost et al. 2007). Stands of per Midwest and northeast United States and adjacent mixed conifers and hardwoods that occur on saturated Canadian provinces (Faber-Langendoen 2001, Nature- mineral or muck soils are classified as hardwood- Serve 2001). The community varies in overall species conifer swamp and also occur primarily in northern composition across its range, which includes Michigan, Michigan (Kost et al. 2007). Boreal forest, which is Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, Manitoba, Quebec, often dominated by northern white cedar, is sometimes New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and confused with rich conifer swamp. Unlike rich conifer northern Illinois, Indiana and Ohio (Faber-Langendoen swamp, most boreal forests in Michigan are upland 2001, NatureServe 2001). -
Conservation Assessment for the Kansan Spikerush Leafhopper (Dorydiella Kansana Beamer)
Conservation Assessment For The Kansan spikerush leafhopper (Dorydiella kansana Beamer) USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region January 11, 2005 James Bess OTIS Enterprises 13501 south 750 west Wanatah, Indiana 46390 This document is undergoing peer review, comments welcome This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service - Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................ 1 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY ..................................................................................... 1 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES....................................................................................................... -
National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation
National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation Project ID(s): R01Y19P01: Quinault Indian Nation, fiscal year 2019 Project area The project area (Figure 1) is restricted to the Quinault Indian Nation, bounded by Grays Harbor Co. Jefferson Co. and the Olympic National Park. Appendix A: USGS 7.5-minute Quadrangles: Queets, Salmon River West, Salmon River East, Matheny Ridge, Tunnel Island, O’Took Prairie, Thimble Mountain, Lake Quinault West, Lake Quinault East, Taholah, Shale Slough, Macafee Hill, Stevens Creek, Moclips, Carlisle. • < 0. Figure 1. QIN NWI+ 2019 project area (red outline). Source Imagery: Citation: For all quads listed above: See Appendix A Citation Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication Date: 2017 Publication place: Salt Lake City, Utah Title: Digital Orthoimagery Series of Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: 1-meter and 1-foot, Natural Color and NIR-False Color Collateral Data: . USGS 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles . USGS – NHD – National Hydrography Dataset . USGS Topographic maps, 2013 . QIN LiDAR DEM (3 meter) and synthetic stream layer, 2015 . Previous National Wetlands Inventories for the project area . Soil Surveys, All Hydric Soils: Weyerhaeuser soil survey 1976, NRCS soil survey 2013 . QIN WET tables, field photos, and site descriptions, 2016 to 2019, Janice Martin, and Greg Eide Inventory Method: Wetland identification and interpretation was done “heads-up” using ArcMap versions 10.6.1. US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping contractors in Portland, Oregon completed the original aerial photo interpretation and wetland mapping. Primary authors: Nicholas Jones of SWCA Environmental Consulting. 100% Quality Control (QC) during the NWI mapping was provided by Michael Holscher of SWCA Environmental Consulting. -
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux. -
Changes in Peat Chemistry Associated with Permafrost Thaw Increase Greenhouse Gas Production
Changes in peat chemistry associated with permafrost thaw increase greenhouse gas production Suzanne B. Hodgkinsa,1, Malak M. Tfailya, Carmody K. McCalleyb, Tyler A. Loganc, Patrick M. Crilld, Scott R. Saleskab, Virginia I. Riche, and Jeffrey P. Chantona,1 aDepartment of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; cAbisko Scientific Research Station, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, SE-981 07 Abisko, Sweden; dDepartment of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; and eDepartment of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Edited by Nigel Roulet, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 7, 2014 (received for review August 1, 2013) 13 Carbon release due to permafrost thaw represents a potentially during CH4 production (10–12, 16, 17), δ CCH4 also depends on 13 major positive climate change feedback. The magnitude of carbon δ CCO2,soweusethemorerobustparameterαC (10) to repre- loss and the proportion lost as methane (CH4) vs. carbon dioxide sent the isotopic separation between CH4 and CO2.Despitethe ’ (CO2) depend on factors including temperature, mobilization of two production pathways stoichiometric equivalence (17), they previously frozen carbon, hydrology, and changes in organic mat- are governed by different environmental controls (18). Dis- ter chemistry associated with environmental responses to thaw. tinguishing these controls and further mapping them is therefore While the first three of these effects are relatively well under- essential for predicting future changes in CH4 formation under stood, the effect of organic matter chemistry remains largely un- changing environmental conditions. -
Folk Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Medicinal and Other Uses, Folklore, and Nature Conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3
Ulicsni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:47 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0118-7 RESEARCH Open Access Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3 Abstract Background: There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. Methods: We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied “all” invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. Results: We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga)were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies.