Les Mutations D'un Lieu De Mémoire. Le Vélodrome D'hiver Au Cinéma

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Les Mutations D'un Lieu De Mémoire. Le Vélodrome D'hiver Au Cinéma Bates College SCARAB Honors Theses Capstone Projects 5-2015 Les Mutations d’un lieu de mémoire. Le Vélodrome d’Hiver au cinéma : 1970 et 2010 Talia Rose Rees Mason Bates College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Mason, Talia Rose Rees, "Les Mutations d’un lieu de mémoire. Le Vélodrome d’Hiver au cinéma : 1970 et 2010" (2015). Honors Theses. 125. http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/125 This Restricted: Embargoed [Open Access After Expiration] is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Les Mutations d’un lieu de mémoire. Le Vélodrome d’Hiver au cinéma : 1970 et 2010 The Mutations of a Memory Site. The Vélodrome d’Hiver in the Cinema: 1970 and 2010 Thèse d’Honneur de Talia Rose Rees Mason Présentée au Département d’Études Françaises et Francophones Bates College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Lewiston, Maine 4 mai 2015 Remerciements Merci Professeur Alexandre Dauge-Roth pour votre soutien tout au long de ce processus et d’avoir ouvert mes yeux à la puissance d’un lieu dans la mémoire collective. Merci Professeur Rachel Boggia pour les mots d’encouragement pendant toute l’année, même quand vous n’étiez pas sur le campus. Merci aux rescapés du Vél d’Hiv qui ont pris la parole pour partager leurs expériences de ce lieu de mémoire et d’avoir fait connaître cet événement dans le monde entier. Merci Michel Mitrani, Joseph Losey, Roselyne Bosch et Gilles Paquet-Brenner pour vos œuvres filmiques. Grâce à vous, le Vélodrome d’Hiver restera inscrit dans la conscience et l’histoire française. Merci au Département de Français et d’Etudes Francophones de m’avoir permis d’explorer ce sujet pendant deux semestres. C’était passionnant de me perdre dans le Paris de 1942. Merci Hannah Miller et Daniela Velasco pour votre connaissance du processus d’Honneurs et pour avoir su me garder saine d’esprit cette année. Merci Eema, Abba et Noah pour me soutenir avec une foi inébranlable. ii Table des matières Remerciements .............................................................................................................................. ii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Une littérature historiographique ................................................................................................ 1 L’unicité de chaque représentation ............................................................................................. 2 Le film comme lien avec le passé ............................................................................................... 3 Comprendre la complexité de la mémoire au cinéma ................................................................. 5 Lieux de mémoire ....................................................................................................................... 7 La rafle : faits et chiffres ............................................................................................................ 10 Les années 1940 et la collaboration française ........................................................................... 12 Le quota des Allemands ............................................................................................................ 15 Autres figures centrales............................................................................................................. 15 La polémique Zemmour ............................................................................................................ 18 Un lieu symbolique, un lieu de mémoire .................................................................................. 19 Histoire de la reconnaissance officielle ..................................................................................... 21 Jacques Chirac : les premiers discours...................................................................................... 21 La Résistance : les Justes de France ......................................................................................... 23 L’évolution des discours ........................................................................................................... 24 Histoire de la représentation filmique du Vél d’Hiv ............................................................... 29 La lutte contre le négationnisme et le devoir de mémoire ........................................................ 29 Traitement filmique de la Shoah : chronologie ......................................................................... 30 Films abordant la grande rafle .................................................................................................. 31 Le rôle du documentaire ........................................................................................................... 33 Le statut de l’image et des lieux de mémoire ............................................................................ 35 La photographie ........................................................................................................................ 35 Du hors champ photographique à la création cinématographique ............................................ 36 Les manières de voir ................................................................................................................. 37 La mémoire et l’histoire ............................................................................................................ 39 Les lieux de mémoire ................................................................................................................ 41 Vichy comme lieu de mémoire ................................................................................................. 44 Lieux de mémoire mutants........................................................................................................ 46 Les guichets du Louvre : la première représentation ............................................................... 50 Comprendre Paul Laubier ......................................................................................................... 51 Le Paris de 1942........................................................................................................................ 52 Signes de l’objectivation des juifs ............................................................................................ 54 La France de Mitrani ................................................................................................................. 57 Le rôle de la représentation ....................................................................................................... 62 Le film comme re-présentation ................................................................................................. 64 Fiction et réalité dans Les guichets du Louvre .......................................................................... 66 Les lieux de mémoire revisités ................................................................................................. 69 Walter Benjamin et Les guichets du Louvre ............................................................................. 71 Monsieur Klein : le rôle de l’Autre dans une représentation filmique ................................... 74 iii Objectivations et dépossessions ................................................................................................ 75 Comment interpréter la Shoah ? ............................................................................................... 76 Limites fictionnelles dans les reconstructions historiques ........................................................ 78 Représentations de la figure du juif dans la société française .................................................. 80 La mémoire collective à travers Monsieur Klein ...................................................................... 83 Le rôle du cinéma dans les représentations de la Shoah ........................................................... 86 L’utilisation du Vélodrome comme lieu de mémoire ............................................................... 88 Un événement qui vise tous les Français .................................................................................. 91 La Rafle : comment reconstruire ce passé au XXIe siècle ? .................................................... 94 Galerie de personnages et hiérarchisation ................................................................................. 95 Le rôle de l’oubli ..................................................................................................................... 100 Le réalisme traumatique .......................................................................................................... 102 Mimesis et poesis .................................................................................................................... 103 Lieu de mémoire et La Rafle ................................................................................................... 106 Elle s’appelait Sarah : le rôle de la temporalité dans une représentation filmique de la Shoah .......................................................................................................................................... 108 Les protagonistes
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