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Michael Rosbash's Nobel Prize Journey

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Michael Rosbash's Nobel Prize Journey The Ticking of the Clock: Michael Rosbash’s Nobel Prize Journey Chloe Dixon & J. B. Phillips, PhD Cumberland University 1 Cumberland Square, Lebanon, TN 37087 Life of Rosbash Circadian Rhythm Regulation Why is this significant? Rosbash was born in Kansas City, Missouri. They mapped the circadian oscillator in the head because the body 10 While earth rotates all organisms are exposed to 24-hour He is married to a fellow scientist Nadja Abovich. expression was much less. patterns of light and dark patterns.8 In response to this light- His higher education: dark cycle organisms have learned to anticipate when an • California Institute of Technology event will occur because it happens at the same time every • Biologie Physico-Chimique day. The circadian rhythm has an affect on many organisms 10,11 • Massachusetts Institute of Technology including humans. • University of Edinburgh Figure 1: Figure 2: The RNA Michael abundance of the per 7 Rosbash protein and its mutations at different 10 Since 1973 he has been a part of the Brandeis times of the day. University faculty as a director of its Nation Center for Behavioral Genomics and an adjunct professor of molecular 2,6 biology at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Figure 4; How the circadian rhythm is started in humans.1 Early Research Individual cells will respond differently to the signals which can control things such as sleep patterns.8 Therefore, Rosbash’s first interests were in RNA processing and someone who works a night or rotating shift could develop metabolism but he was also interested in the genetic influences Per protein had a stronger signal in the middle of the night than shift work sleep disorder due to a prolonged disruption of their in the behavior of Drosophila.2 in the middle of the day. To determine if there was a similar circadian rhythm.12,13 fluctuations in Per mRNA the wild-type flies were frozen at After several years at Brandeis University he collaborated with different circadian times.10 Jeffery Hall, a behavioral geneticist, and they isolated and Individuals that have shift work sleep disorder are also at a cloned the first circadian clock gene call period.2 The circadian greater risk of depression those those who do not but work The Feedback of Per gene products regulate their own mRNA rhythm can affect an organisms behavior. the same schedule.12,13 level which is called the Transcription Translation Feedback 10,11 Loop (TTFL). The per protein was the first in the family of pioneer proteins. They found that the gene period can have three mutations at its loci: PerS, PerL, Per01.10,11 The wild-type of the period gene is shown as Per+. References 1. “Circadian Rhythms.” National Institute of General Medical Sciences, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/ S circadian-rhythms.aspx. Per is a hypomorph meaning that it has decreased function 2. “Michael Rosbash.” Michael Rosbash | Gruber Foundation, Gruber Foundation, gruber.yale.edu/neuroscience/michael-rosbash. 3. “Michael Rosbash.” Michael Rosbash | Faculty | Department of Biology | Brandeis University, Brandeis University, www.brandeis.edu/biology/faculty/rosbash-michael.html. 4. “Michael Rosbash.” Michael Rosbash | Gruber Foundation, Gruber Foundation, gruber.yale.edu/neuroscience/2009/michael-rosbash. while lasting 19-20 hours. 5. Michael Rosbash – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Mon. 12 Oct 2020. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2017/rosbash/biographical/ > 6. “Michael Rosbash.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Rosbash. 7. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Mon. 12 Oct 2020. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2017/summary/> 8. Rea, Mark S., et al. “A New Approach to Understanding the Impact of Circadian Disruption on Human Health.” Journal of Circadian Rhythms, vol. 6, Jan. 2008, pp. 1–14. L EBSCOhost, doi:10.1186/1740-3391-6-7. Per is a hypermorph showing an increased function lasting 9.“Understanding Circadian Rhythms.” IBiology, 31 Oct. 2019, <www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/circadian-rhythms/> 10. Hardin, P., Hall, J. & Rosbash, M. Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels. Nature 343, 536–540 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1038/343536a0 approximately 29 hours. 11. Rosbash, Michael. “Circadian Rhythms and the Transcriptional Feedback Loop.” 7 Dec. 2017, www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2017/12/rosbash-lecture.pdf. 12. Drake, Christopher L et al. “Shift work sleep disorder: prevalence and consequences beyond that of symptomatic day workers.” Sleep vol. 27,8 (2004): 1453-62. doi: 10.1093/sleep/27.8.1453 13. Salgado-Delgado, Roberto, et al. “Disruption of Circadian Rhythms: A Crucial Factor in the Etiology of Depression.” Depression Research and Treatment, Hindawi, 8 Aug. Figure 3: The transcription translation feedback loop in which the Per protein can affect its 2011, www.hindawi.com/journals/drt/2011/839743/. Per01 has no biological clock, there for it is arrhythmic, which is own expression.10,11 14. “Nobel Prize for Medicine Awarded for Insights into Internal Biological Clock.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 2 Oct. 2017, www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/02/nobel-prize-for-medicine-awarded-for-insights-into-internal-biological-clock. done by a stop codon. .
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