DOCSLIB.ORG

Dædalus Coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dædalus Coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on secularism Nikki Keddie, Martin E. Marty, James Carroll, Henry Munson, & religion Azzam Tamimi, M. Hakan Yavuz, T. N. Madan, Akeel Bilgrami, Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Vali Nasr, John L. Esposito, Jose Casanova, Heba Raouf Ezzat, Spring 2003 Jean Bethke Elshtain, William Galston, Christopher Hitchens, and others Spring 2003: on time on science Alan Lightman, Gerald Holton, Susan Haack, David Pingree, on time D. Graham Burnett Mapping time 5 Peter Pesic, Peter Wolynes, and Robert Schimke David S. Landes Clocks & the wealth of nations 20 Michael Rosbash A biological clock 27 on learning Alison Gopnik, Howard Gardner, Jerome Bruner, Susan Carey, Thomas Gold The physics of past & future 37 Elizabeth Spelke, Patricia Churchland, Daniel Povinelli, Clark Peter L. Galison & Glymour, and Michael Tomasello D. Graham Burnett Einstein, Poincaré & modernity 41 Jennifer M. Groh & on happiness Martin E. P. Seligman, Richard A. Easterlin, Martha C. Nussbaum, Michael S. Gazzaniga How the brain keeps time 56 Anna Wierzbicka, Bernard Reginster, Robert H. Frank, Julia E. Danielle S. Allen How the Greeks kept time 62 Annas, Darrin M. McMahon, and Ed Diener Anthony Grafton Dating history 74 J. Hillis Miller Time in literature 86 on progress Joseph Stiglitz, John Gray, Charles Larmore, Randall Kennedy, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Jagdish Bhagwati, Richard A. Shweder, and Mary Douglas, Michael Thompson Is time running out? others & Marco Verweij The case of global warming 98 Richard Fenn Time’s up: the apocalyptic imagination 108 on human nature Steven Pinker, Bernard Williams, Lorraine Daston, Jerome Kagan, Vernon Smith, Joyce Appleby, Patrick Bateson, Thomas Sowell, poetry Susan Howe from Bed Hangings ii 113 Jonathan Haidt, Richard Wrangham, Donald Brown, and others ½ction Rick Moody Fish Story 118 plus poetry by Lucie Brock-Broido, Les Murray &c.; ½ction by Lee K. Abbott, Joanna Scott &c.; and notes by Nathan Glazer, Robert notes Bernard McGinn on mysticism & art 131 C. Post, Michael Traynor, Jennifer Hochschild, Perez Zagorin, Yi-Fu Tuan on human geography 134 Gerald Early, Daniel Schorr &c. U.S. $13/Canada $16 www.amacad.org Inside front cover: Charles-Guillaume Manière achieved the distinction of maître horloger in 1778, though this striking masterpiece (now the property of the English Crown) dates from the early nineteenth century. The present moment is indicated by the point of the scythe on the globe clock. The knife-edge confrontation between a scythe-wielding father time and a muse, madly at work, who gives him pause, seems to suggest a sculptural invocation of the classical theme ars longa vita brevis. See David S. Landes on Clocks & the wealth of nations, pages 20–26. Photograph from The Royal Collection © 2003, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth ii. James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Publications Janet Foxman, Assistant Editor D. Graham Burnett, Consulting Editor Board of editors Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas–Austin); ex of½cio: Patricia Meyer Spacks (President of the Academy), Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (Executive Of½cer) Editorial advisers Daniel Bell (sociology, Harvard), Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Howard Gardner (education, Harvard), Clifford Geertz (anthropology, Institute for Advanced Study), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (neuroscience, mit), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Design for the hedge maze is by Johan Vredeman de Vries, from Hortorum viridariorumque elegantes et multiplicis artis normam affabre delineatae (Cologne, 1615). Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a maze seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, like its journal, brings together distinguished individuals from every ½eld of human endeavor. It was chartered in 1780 as a forum “to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now in its third century, the Academy, with its more than four thousand elected members, continues to provide intellectual leadership to meet the critical challenges facing our world. Dædalus Spring 2003 Dædalus publishes by invitation only, and as- Issued as Volume 132, Number 2 sumes no responsibility for unsolicited manu- scripts. The views expressed are those of the © 2003 by the American Academy author of each article, and not necessarily of of Arts & Sciences. the American Academy of Arts &Sciences. Mapping time: chronometry on top of the world © 2003 by D. Graham Burnett All subscription orders, single-copy orders, and Einstein, Poincaré & modernity: a conversation change-of-address information must be sent in © 2003 by Peter L. Galison and D. Graham writing to the Dædalus Business Of½ce, 136 Irv- Burnett ing Street, Suite 100, Cambridge ma 02138. from “Bed Hangings ii” © 2003 by Susan Howe Periodicals postage paid at Boston ma, and at Fish Story additional mailing of½ces. © 2003 by Rick Moody Postmaster: Send address changes to Dædalus, 136 Irving Street, Suite 100, Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299 Cambridge ma 02138, u.s.a. isbn 0-87724-038-8 If you wish to reprint an article from Dædalus gst number: 14034 3229 rt in another publication or to reproduce an arti- cle for classroom or other use, please send a Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, written request to: Permissions Manager, 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. Dædalus, 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. 02138. Permission can be granted in most Email: [email protected]. cases; charges vary according to use of the Dædalus (issn 0011-5266) is published quar- copyrighted materials. If you have any ques- terly by the American Academy of Arts & Sci- tions, call 617 491 2600 and speak to the per- ences. u.s. subscription rates: individuals– missions manager. $40; institutions–$80. Canadian subscription Printed in the United States of America by rates: individuals–$43; institutions–$86. For- Cadmus Professional Communications, eign subscription rates: individuals–$60; in- Science Press Division, 300 West Chestnut stitutions–$100. Replacement copies for dam- Street, Ephrata pa 17522. aged or misrouted issues will be sent free of charge up to six months from the date of origi- The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner nal publication. Thereafter back copies are Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda available for the current cover price plus post- ca. Each size of Cycles has been separately age and handling. designed in the tradition of metal types. Newsstand distribution by Ingram Periodicals Inc., 1240 Heil Quaker Blvd., La Vergne tn 37086; Telephone: 800 627 6247. D. Graham Burnett Mapping time: chronometry on top of the world At dawn on the 9th of June, 1873, the had more than comfort on his mind: the sturdy Victorian ocean naturalist C. Wy- belly of Bermuda, he believed, secreted a ville Thomson swung his elegantly rare device–a kind of earth clock, an bearded person down from the deck of hourglass for planetary time. the British research vessel Challenger, For it happened that more than ½fty berthed in the Bermuda dockyards, and years earlier, the commanding of½cer of made his way aboard a diminutive steam the North American and West Indian pinnace for a day trip on the island. After station, Sir David Milne, had spent sev- churning around to Mount Langton to eral days in Walsingham indulging his pick up the governor, the shore party of petrological curiosity by carefully sever- collectors and dignitaries (with a ‘native ing an eleven-foot stalagmite from its ½sherman’ in tow as guide and a photog- moorings on the cave floor, and arrang- rapher along in the service of posterity) ing for it to be returned to the British made for Harrington Sound, rowed Isles–yet another strange fruit plucked ashore, and hiked up to the Walsingham from the colonial periphery to be en- Caves for an afternoon of learned spe- joyed in metropolitan institutions of lunking in the deep and winding lime- philosophical cultivation. This calcare- stone caverns. The cool reaches of this ous obelisk had thus found its way to a geological attraction would provide wel- new, cool, dark cave across the Atlantic come respite from the midday tropical –the Museum of the University of Edin- sun, to be sure, but Wyville Thomson burgh, where Thomson (the Regius Pro- fessor of Natural History) would later ponder its bulk and consider the manner D. Graham Burnett is an assistant professor of and pace of its formation. Between 1819 history in the Program in History of Science at and 1873 such ponderings had grown ur- Princeton University. He writes on geography and gent, since the age of the earth had burst natural history, with an emphasis on the connec- into one of the most contested questions tions between science and imperialism. He is the in science. Genesis, evolution, Darwin, author of “Masters of All They Surveyed” even thermodynamics lay in the balance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paul Hardin, Ph.D. John W
    Department of Biology The College of Arts + Sciences | Indiana University Bloomington About Paul Hardin Distinguished Alumni Award Lecture Thu., Oct. 18, 2018 • 4 to 5 pm • Myers Hall 130 Paul Hardin, Ph.D. John W. Lyons Jr. ’59 Chair in Biology, Texas A&M University Genetic architecture underlying circadian clock initiation, maintenance, and output in Drosophila Circadian clocks drive daily rhythms in metabolism, physiology, and behavior in organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to humans. The identification and analysis of “clock genes” in Drosophila revealed that circadian timekeeping is based on a transcriptional feedback loop Paul Hardin studied the development of the sea in which CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) heterodimers activate transcription of their feedback urchin embryo in William Klein’s lab at Indiana repressors PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM). Subsequent studies revealed that similar University, from where he received his Ph.D. in transcriptional feedback loops keep circadian time in all eukaryotes and, in the case of 1987. He did his postdoctoral fellowship with animals, that these feedback loops are comprised of conserved components. The “core” Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University, working feedback loop described above operates in conjunction with an “interlocked” feedback on the circadian rhythms of the fruit fly, Drosophila loop in animals to drive rhythmic transcription of hundreds of genes that are maximally melanogaster. His work with Michael Rosbash and expressed at different phases of the circadian cycle. These feedback loops operate in many, Jeff Hall has been instrumental to our understanding but not all, tissues in flies including the brain pacemaker neurons that control rest:activity of how circadian rhythms affect a myriad of rhythms.
    [Show full text]
  • RNA Society Newsletter August 2013
    RNA Society Newsletter August 2013 From the Desk of the President, Rachel Green Whether we are taking classes, teaching classes, or just living our lives under the umbrella of the academic cycle, summer marks the time for sharing what we have learned during those long dark winter months. For the RNA Society, this summer was no exception where many of us attended the 18th annual RNA Society meeting in the heart of the Alps in Davos, Switzerland to share our new data and ideas. (Continued on p2) In this issue : From the Desk of the President, Rachel Green 1 RNA 2013 Meeting Review: Davos, Switzerland Election Results Announced 4 Junior Scientist Meetings Summary 4 RNA Lifetime Achievement Award 6 Volunteer Positions Available 7 Junior Scientist Corner 8 Chair of the Meetings Committee, David Lilley 9 From the desk of our CEO, James McSwiggen 11 Thank you volunteers 13 RNA Society supported meetings Meetings Reports 16 Upcoming meetings of interest 18 Employment Opportunities 21 1 The meeting organizers this year included the opening evening of the meeting a full session of two Swiss natives, Frederic Allain and Witold science was planned, headed off by Venki Filipowicz, as well as Adrian Krainer (RNA Ramakrishnan who gave a beautiful talk bringing Society president elect!), Osamu Nureki and Sarah together biochemical Woodson. In addition to their excellent guidance, the and structural organizers were helped at the organizational level by perspectives on the Simple Meetings (including Kristin Scheyer and process of decoding Mary McCann) who over the years have really during protein figured out our needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
    June 28, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 26 From the Cover 7106 Topological defects in liquid crystals E3619 Translation control in Fragile X syndrome E3686 Voltage-sensing phosphatase activities E3782 Aerobic glycolysis and learning 7261 Electric field sensing by bumblebees Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS Cover image: Pictured is a polarized 7003 In This Issue optical micrograph of a plastic sheet with an array of holes drilled into it and suspended in a nematic-phase liquid LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) crystal. Lisa Tran et al. found that such a sheet induced arrays of topological E3590 Reduced nitrogen dominated nitrogen deposition in the United States, but its defect lines in a nematic liquid crystal. contribution to nitrogen deposition in China decreased The authors further demonstrated how Xuejun Liu, Wen Xu, Enzai Du, Yuepeng Pan, and Keith Goulding the energy of the liquid crystal and the E3592 Reply to Liu et al.: On the importance of US deposition of nitrogen dioxide, geometry of the holes affect the defect coarse particle nitrate, and organic nitrogen patterns. The findings might have Yi Li, Bret A. Schichtel, John T. Walker, Donna B. Schwede, Xi Chen, Christopher M. B. applications in electronic displays, Lehmann, Melissa A. Puchalski, David A. Gay, and Jeffrey L. Collett Jr. where nematic liquid crystals are widely used. See the article by Tran et al. on E3594 Rise and fall of nitrogen deposition in the United States pages 7106–7111. Image courtesy of Enzai Du Lisa Tran. E3596 Adult pelvic shape change is an evolutionary side effect Philipp Mitteroecker and Barbara Fischer E3597 Reply to Mitteroecker and Fischer: Developmental solutions to the obstetrical dilemma are not Gouldian spandrels Marcia S.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureates Endorse Joe Biden
    Nobel Laureates endorse Joe Biden 81 American Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine have signed this letter to express their support for former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 election for President of the United States. At no time in our nation’s history has there been a greater need for our leaders to appreciate the value of science in formulating public policy. During his long record of public service, Joe Biden has consistently demonstrated his willingness to listen to experts, his understanding of the value of international collaboration in research, and his respect for the contribution that immigrants make to the intellectual life of our country. As American citizens and as scientists, we wholeheartedly endorse Joe Biden for President. Name Category Prize Year Peter Agre Chemistry 2003 Sidney Altman Chemistry 1989 Frances H. Arnold Chemistry 2018 Paul Berg Chemistry 1980 Thomas R. Cech Chemistry 1989 Martin Chalfie Chemistry 2008 Elias James Corey Chemistry 1990 Joachim Frank Chemistry 2017 Walter Gilbert Chemistry 1980 John B. Goodenough Chemistry 2019 Alan Heeger Chemistry 2000 Dudley R. Herschbach Chemistry 1986 Roald Hoffmann Chemistry 1981 Brian K. Kobilka Chemistry 2012 Roger D. Kornberg Chemistry 2006 Robert J. Lefkowitz Chemistry 2012 Roderick MacKinnon Chemistry 2003 Paul L. Modrich Chemistry 2015 William E. Moerner Chemistry 2014 Mario J. Molina Chemistry 1995 Richard R. Schrock Chemistry 2005 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry 2001 Sir James Fraser Stoddart Chemistry 2016 M. Stanley Whittingham Chemistry 2019 James P. Allison Medicine 2018 Richard Axel Medicine 2004 David Baltimore Medicine 1975 J. Michael Bishop Medicine 1989 Elizabeth H. Blackburn Medicine 2009 Michael S.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking at Earth: an Astronaut's Journey Induction Ceremony 2017
    american academy of arts & sciences winter 2018 www.amacad.org Bulletin vol. lxxi, no. 2 Induction Ceremony 2017 Class Speakers: Jane Mayer, Ursula Burns, James P. Allison, Heather K. Gerken, and Gerald Chan Annual David M. Rubenstein Lecture Looking at Earth: An Astronaut’s Journey David M. Rubenstein and Kathryn D. Sullivan ALSO: How Are Humans Different from Other Great Apes?–Ajit Varki, Pascal Gagneux, and Fred H. Gage Advancing Higher Education in America–Monica Lozano, Robert J. Birgeneau, Bob Jacobsen, and Michael S. McPherson Redistricting and Representation–Patti B. Saris, Gary King, Jamal Greene, and Moon Duchin noteworthy Select Prizes and Andrea Bertozzi (University of James R. Downing (St. Jude Chil- Barbara Grosz (Harvard Univer- California, Los Angeles) was se- dren’s Research Hospital) was sity) is the recipient of the Life- Awards to Members lected as a 2017 Simons Investi- awarded the 2017 E. Donnall time Achievement Award of the gator by the Simons Foundation. Thomas Lecture and Prize by the Association for Computational American Society of Hematology. Linguistics. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Clara D. Bloomfield (Ohio State 2017 University) is the recipient of the Carol Dweck (Stanford Univer- Christopher Hacon (University 2017 Robert A. Kyle Award for sity) was awarded the inaugural of Utah) was awarded the Break- Joachim Frank (Columbia Univer- Outstanding Clinician-Scientist, Yidan Prize. through Prize in Mathematics. sity) presented by the Mayo Clinic Di- vision of Hematology. Felton Earls (Harvard Univer- Naomi Halas (Rice University) sity) is the recipient of the 2018 was awarded the 2018 Julius Ed- Nobel Prize in Economic Emmanuel J.
    [Show full text]
  • Pages 459 To
    459 University Organization Board of Trustees The dean of the Heller School for Social study abroad, international students and Policy and Management oversees the scholars, and student enrichment services), academic activities of the school and its Hiatt Career Center, research and planning, Under Massachusetts law, the Board of work in such policy areas as children, and student life (including athletics, Trustees is the governing body of the youth, families, health, mental health, chaplaincy, community service, health university. There are four faculty substance abuse, disabilities, aging, social services, intercultural center, judicial representatives and three student change, and economic inequalities. orientation, psychological counseling, representatives to the board who participate residence life, and student activities). in board meetings and have votes on the The dean of the Brandeis International several committees. The president of the Business School oversees the academic, The senior vice president for university, the chair of the Fellows, the professional, and development activities communications administers and executes president of the Brandeis National of the university’s second professional critical university-wide internal and Committee, and the president of the school. Research areas of the school external communications, overseeing the Alumni Association serve ex officio. The include economic policy, finance, global communications emergency response plan board annually elects an alumni term entrepreneurship, international business, and directing all crisis communications. trustee who serves a four-year term with regional economics integration, and trade Further, she is responsible for an integrated full voting privileges. and exports. marketing communications program that highlights Brandeis’s research The President accomplishments, academic excellence, The president, the chief executive officer of The Faculty Senate social justice mission, and scholarly the university, is appointed by the Board of contributions to the Jewish community.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY Volume 5 December 1985 No. 12 Effect of Double-Strand Breaks on Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Cells and Extracts. Kyu-Young Song, Lavanya Chekuri, Sikha Rauth, Stacy Ehrlich, and Raju Kucherlapati................................ 3331-3336 Nucleotide Sequence and Expression In Vitro of cDNA Derived from mRNA of int-1, a Provirally Activated Mouse Mammary Oncogene. Y.-K. T. Fung, G. M. Shackleford, A. M. C. Brown, G. S. Sanders, and H. E. Varmus 3337-3344 Augmented Expression of Normal c-myc Is Sufficient for Cotransformation of Rat Embryo Cells with a Mutant ras Gene. William M. F. Lee, Manfred Schwab, David Westaway, and Harold E. Varmus ...................... 3345-3356 Diphtheria Toxin-Resistant Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Jeou-Yuan C. Chen, James W. Bodley, and Dennis M. Livingston.................... 3357-3360 Recombinant Interleukin 2 Regulates Levels of c-myc mRNA in a Cloned Murine T Lymphocyte. John C. Reed, Daniel E. Sabath, Richard G. Hoover, and Michael B. Prystowsky............................................. 3361-3368 A Murine Recombinant Retrovirus Containing the src Oncogene Transforms Erythroid Precursor Cells In Vitro. Steven M. Anderson, S. Peter Klinken, and W. David Hankins ...................................... 3369-3375 Pichia pastoris as a Host System for Transformations. James M. Cregg, Kevin J. Barringer, Anita Y. Hessler, and Knut R. Madden.................... 3376-3385 Members of the src and ras Oncogene Families Supplant the Epidermal Growth Factor Requirement of BALB/MK-2 Keratinocytes and Induce Distinct Alter- ations in Their Terminal Differentiation Program. Bernard Weissman and Stuart A. Aaronson .................................................. 3386-3396 A Deletion of the 3' End of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp7O Gene Increases Sta- bility of Mutant mRNA During Recovery from Heat Shock.
    [Show full text]
  • Salk Bulletin, January 28 - February 4, 2019 Date: Friday, January 25, 2019 2:34:00 PM
    From: Bulletin To: "[email protected]" Subject: Salk Bulletin, January 28 - February 4, 2019 Date: Friday, January 25, 2019 2:34:00 PM Salk Bulletin Monday, January 28, 2019 Monday, January 28, 2019 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm "Evasion of IL-22-Mediated Antimicrobial Responses by Bacterial Pathogens" Manuela Raffatellu, M.D., Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Leichtag Room 107 Host: Nissi Varki, M.D. Contact: Andrea Bribiesca, [email protected] Tuesday, January 29, 2019 Tuesday, January 29, 2019 12:00 pm "Circadian Rhythms and Gene Expression Regulation in Different Neurons or Cell Types" Michael Rosbash, Ph.D., Peter Gruber Professor of Neuroscience, Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Professor, Department of Biology, Brandeis University President’s Lecture Series SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE Fishman Auditorium Host: Rolf Bodmer Contact: Wendy Lyon, [email protected] Tuesday, January 29, 2019 12:00 pm “GPCR Signaling Pathways as Critical Regulators of Body Weight and Glucose Homeostasis: Clinical Implications” Jürgen Wess, Ph.D., Chief, Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Leichtag Building, Room 107 Host: Joan Heller Brown Tuesday, January 29, 2019 3:00 pm “Drugging ‘the Undruggable’. The Augmented Reality of Emerging Therapeutics” Artem Cherkasov, Ph.D., Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia; Head, Therapeutics Development Core Vancouver Prostate Centre SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE Fishman Auditorium Host: Ze’ev Ronai Contact: [email protected] Tuesday, January 29, 2019 4:00 pm “Understanding Sensorimotor Integration During Odor-guided Behaviors” Dinu Florin Albeanu, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Neurosciences Seminar Series UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO CNCB Marilyn G.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nobel Prize in Physiology Or Medicine
    The 2017 Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine Alfred Nobel (1833–1896) As a child, Alfred dreamed of becoming a writer, but his father had other expectations of him and his brothers. Dynamite 1867 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, and during his life he managed to earn a lot of money from this invention. The will Alfred Nobel died on December 10, 1896 According to the will of Alfred Nobel, a yearly Prize should be awarded in five categories: physiology or medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. And it should reward those who “shall have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind.” Prize Award Ceremony Nobel Day, December 10 each year The Prize consists of a medal, a diploma and a sum of money. Sweden’s King Carl XVI Gustaf presents the medal and diploma to each Laureate at Stockholm Concert Hall. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine This Prize is a reward for discoveries that help us to understand how organisms work, or that lead to important cures for a disease. Examples of earlier Laureates The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Structure of the DNA molecule 1962 Penicillin 1945 Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine For their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm Illustration: Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Media AB 2017 The people The 2017 Laureates are three American researchers. In 1984 they described in detail A built-in the first gene that controls the internal clock.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Winners of the Nobel Medicine Prize 1 October 2018
    Recent winners of the Nobel Medicine Prize 1 October 2018 2015: William Campbell (US citizen born in Ireland) and Satoshi Omura (Japan), Tu Youyou (China) for unlocking treatments for malaria and roundworm. 2014: John O'Keefe (Britain, US), Edvard I. Moser and May-Britt Moser (Norway) for discovering how the brain navigates with an "inner GPS". 2013: Thomas C. Suedhof (US citizen born in Germany), James E. Rothman and Randy W. Schekman (US) for work on how the cell organises its transport system. 2012: Shinya Yamanaka (Japan) and John B. Gurdon (Britain) for discoveries showing how adult cells can be transformed back into stem cells. 2011: Bruce Beutler (US), Jules Hoffmann (French citizen born in Luxembourg) and Ralph Steinman (Canada) for work on the body's immune system. Credit: Wikipedia 2010: Robert G. Edwards (Britain) for the development of in-vitro fertilisation. 2009: Elizabeth Blackburn (Australia-US), Carol Here is a list of the winners of the Nobel Medicine Greider and Jack Szostak (US) for discovering how Prize in the past 10 years, after James Allison of chromosomes are protected by telomeres, a key the US and Tasuku Honjo of Japan were awarded factor in the ageing process. Monday for research that has revolutionised cancer treatment: © 2018 AFP 2018: Immunologists Allison and Honjo win for figuring out how to release the immune system's brakes to allow it to attack cancer cells more efficiently. 2017: US geneticists Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young for their discoveries on the internal biological clock that governs the wake- sleep cycles of most living things.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential and Mentality of Genius and Inspiration and Milestone
    Crimson Publishers Research Article Wings to the Research Potential and Mentality of Genius and inspiration and milestone breakthroughs: longevity, diseases and Beyond Yue Zhang1,2,3* 1Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China 2Nobel Breakthroughs Inspiration Milestone Initiative, Pinghu Hospital of Shenzhen University, China 3Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, China Abstract relatedThis diseases conceptual and beyond. study focusesIt aims to on help the promote evolving government field of potential strategy, andfostering the mentalityapprenticeships, of genius, and renewinginspiration ideas and aboutmilestone the role breakthroughs of family, hardship, alongside war, lines paradigm of stories shifts of andscientific religion life in of, developing longevity, geniusaging- and inspiration that will help make more groundbreaking discoveries in China. First, this essay reviews some of the factors that help stimulate, develop and inspire the leading scientists and researchers of the future. It then turns to some examples of inspired genius, before turning to my personal journey into the world of scientific research of longevity, aging-related diseases (e.g. *Corresponding author: Yue Zhang, some conclusions about how to inspire the prizewinning scientists of tomorrow’ China, even the world. Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Alzheimer’s diseases, Huntington’s diseases, cancer, Osteoarthritis (OA)) and beyond. We finish with Diseases, Shenzhen, #22 Nonglin road, China. Emai: [email protected] Factors Fostering Genius and Inspiration Numerous factors appear to be important in developing the brilliant scientists who make Submission: March 31, 2020 breakthrough discoveries. Here, we give only a brief review of each for reasons of space, as Published: April 22, 2020 large amounts of literature could be written on each one.
    [Show full text]
  • It's Won Six Nobel Prizes – So Why the Fascination with the Fruit Fly?
    * 08.10.17 24 | IN FOCUS Science It’s won six Nobel prizes – so why the fascination with the fruit fly? They might make a meal of your picnic, but drosophila share 60% of human DNA, making them perfect for genetics research that has led to vital strides in treating cancer, autism, diabetes and many other ills. As scientists in the field win yet another Nobel, science editor Robin McKie salutes the little beasts Am not I in a vast range of topics. Today, throw up can be traced quite easily block cell deaths. In other words, if flies for about 30 research groups. A fly like thee? scientists believe that about 75% of on a relatively simple organism like levels of IAPs are elevated, apoptosis “The vast majority of these scientists Or art not thou known human disease genes have drosophila. In more complex animals is prevented and cancers spread.” are doing research either on human A man like me? a recognisable match in fruit flies. – like mice or men – these changes are As a result, scientists are now testing conditions or on general biological These include Down’s, Alzheimer’s, much more difficult to trace.” drugs that can inhibit IAPs in humans problems,” said Collier. “Only one ith these lines, autism, diabetes and cancers of all As a result, the fruit fly has played and so allow apoptosis to regain or two are involved on research on from The Fly, Wil- types. “It’s almost as if they were a key role in unravelling biological control of cells.
    [Show full text]