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Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. -
Broad-Leaved Evergreens
■ ,VVXHG LQ IXUWKHUDQFH RI WKH &RRSHUDWLYH ([WHQVLRQ :RUN$FWV RI 0D\ DQG -XQH LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH 'LUHFWRU&RRSHUDWLYH([WHQVLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI0LVVRXUL&ROXPELD02 LAWN ■ ■ ■ DQHTXDORSSRUWXQLW\$'$LQVWLWXWLRQ H[WHQVLRQPLVVRXULHGX AND GARDEN Selecting Landscape Plants Broad-leaved Evergreens he most highly prized landscape plants are broad- leaved evergreens. They are the true aristocrats of Tour gardens. However, many of them require special attention if they are to develop into attractive, long-lived plants. Wide fluctuations in temperature, prolonged dry periods, drying winds and bright sunshine of the Midwest are not ideal conditions for most broad-leaved evergreens. Special soil preparation and a carefully selected location are usually necessary to ensure the success of these plants. However, the year-round beauty and special effect they give to the landscape makes them well worth the effort. The broad-leaved evergreens are valued chiefly for their evergreen foliage, but many of them possess other desirable ornamental traits (Figure 1). They are generally clean plants, dropping few leaves at any one time, and they never Figure 1. Southern magnolia is one of many broad-leaved evergreens popular become overgrown and weedy as some other ornamentals in Missouri. (Photo courtesy of the Mizzou Botanic Garden) do. In addition, most of them are relatively free from insect and disease problems. Broad-leaved evergreens prefer a rich, well-drained, Selecting broad-leaved evergreens slightly acid soil. Increasing organic matter content and Many plants described in the following section are not hardy improving drainage can improve an existing poor soil. For in all parts of Missouri. The zones where a plant can be most more information on soil improvement, see MU Extension reliably grown are listed with each plant. -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence. -
Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials That Intrigue Me (Gymnosperms First
Big-picture, evolutionary view of trees and shrubs (and a few of my favorite herbaceous perennials), ver. 2007-11-04 Descriptions of the trees and shrubs taken (stolen!!!) from online sources, from my own observations in and around Greenwood Lake, NY, and from these books: • Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Michael A. Dirr, Timber Press, © 1997 • Trees of North America (Golden field guide), C. Frank Brockman, St. Martin’s Press, © 2001 • Smithsonian Handbooks, Trees, Allen J. Coombes, Dorling Kindersley, © 2002 • Native Trees for North American Landscapes, Guy Sternberg with Jim Wilson, Timber Press, © 2004 • Complete Trees, Shrubs, and Hedges, Jacqueline Hériteau, © 2006 They are generally listed from most ancient to most recently evolved. (I’m not sure if this is true for the rosids and asterids, starting on page 30. I just listed them in the same order as Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II.) This document started out as my personal landscaping plan and morphed into something almost unwieldy and phantasmagorical. Key to symbols and colored text: Checkboxes indicate species and/or cultivars that I want. Checkmarks indicate those that I have (or that one of my neighbors has). Text in blue indicates shrub or hedge. (Unfinished task – there is no text in blue other than this text right here.) Text in red indicates that the species or cultivar is undesirable: • Out of range climatically (either wrong zone, or won’t do well because of differences in moisture or seasons, even though it is in the “right” zone). • Will grow too tall or wide and simply won’t fit well on my property. -
Phylogenetics of Asterids Based on 3 Coding and 3 Non-Coding Chloroplast DNA Markers and the Utility of Non-Coding DNA at Higher Taxonomic Levels
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24 (2002) 274–301 www.academicpress.com Phylogenetics of asterids based on 3 coding and 3 non-coding chloroplast DNA markers and the utility of non-coding DNA at higher taxonomic levels Birgitta Bremer,a,e,* Kaare Bremer,a Nahid Heidari,a Per Erixon,a Richard G. Olmstead,b Arne A. Anderberg,c Mari Kaallersj€ oo,€ d and Edit Barkhordariana a Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyva€gen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden b Department of Botany, University of Washington, P.O. Box 355325, Seattle, WA, USA c Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden d Laboratory for Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden e The Bergius Foundation at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 50017, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Received 25 September 2001; received in revised form 4 February 2002 Abstract Asterids comprise 1/4–1/3 of all flowering plants and are classified in 10 orders and >100 families. The phylogeny of asterids is here explored with jackknife parsimony analysis of chloroplast DNA from 132 genera representing 103 families and all higher groups of asterids. Six different markers were used, three of the markers represent protein coding genes, rbcL, ndhF, and matK, and three other represent non-coding DNA; a region including trnL exons and the intron and intergenic spacers between trnT (UGU) to trnF (GAA); another region including trnV exons and intron, trnM and intergenic spacers between trnV (UAC) and atpE, and the rps16 intron. -
Ethnobotanical Importance of Some Highly Medicinal Plants of District Muzaffarabad, Pakistan with Special Reference to the Species of the Genus Viburnum
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 6, Issue 2 (May. – Jun. 2013), PP 53-66 www.iosrjournals.org Ethnobotanical Importance of Some Highly Medicinal plants of District Muzaffarabad, Pakistan with special reference to the Species of the Genus Viburnum Zahid Iqbal Awan1, Habib-ur-Rehman1, Ashfaq Ahmed Awan2, Fiaz Aziz Minhas1and Mohammad Nasir Khan2. 1(Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan). 2(Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan). Abstract: An ethnobotanical exploration was carried out in Muzaffarabad and its adjoining areas including Jhelum Valley of the District Muzaffarabad during 2010-2011. All the plants with the ethnobotanical importance were identified and segregated separately. The region is entirely mountainous, having sub-tropical to dry temperate climate with distinct seasonal variations. This study mainly focused on the information regarding traditional uses of plants over the years by local inhabitants. The informations were then confirmed by Hakims and the old people of the areas. During the survey informations were collected from various sites, i.e. Noon Bagla, Rahim Kot, Danna Kachilee, Kot Terhala, Sanwarrian, Chikar, Chikothi, Kathiee, Qazi Nag, Rashian, Daokhun, Mojee, Lamnian, Nardaggian, Pandu, Hatian Balla, Ghahi Dopatta, Chinnari, Rabanee, Bani Hafiz, Domel, Hattian Dopatta, Khanssian, Nandi Ka Sar, Sing Paharee,Nari Bela, Khalla Butt and Leepa. The plants were used medicinally and for other purposes. The investigations resulted that usually one plant or a mixture of two or more plant is used. The unplanned exploitation had resulted in the loss of medicinally important plant species. -
ABSTRACT the First Through Fifth Instars of the Gypsy Moth Were Tested for Development to Adults on 326 Species of Dicotyledonous Plants in Laboratory Feeding Trials
LABORATORY FEEDING TESTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYPSY MOTH LARVAE WITH REFERENCE TO PLANT TAXA AND ALLELOCHEMICALS JEFFREY C. MILLER and PAUL E. HANSON DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY, CORVALLIS, OREGON 97331 ABSTRACT The first through fifth instars of the gypsy moth were tested for development to adults on 326 species of dicotyledonous plants in laboratory feeding trials. Among accepted plants, differences in suitability were documented by measuring female pupal weights. The majority of accepted plants belong to the subclasses Dilleniidae, Hamamelidae, and Rosidae. Species of oak, maple, alder, madrone, eucalyptus, poplar, and sumac were highly suitable. Plants belonging to the Asteridae, Caryophyllidae, and Magnoliidae were mostly rejected. Foliage type, new or old, and instar influenced host plant suitability. Larvae of various instars were able to pupate after feeding on foliage of 147 plant species. Of these, 1.01 were accepted by first instars. Larvae from the first through fifth instar failed to molt on foliage of 151 species. Minor feeding occurred on 67 of these species. In general, larvae accepted new foliage on evergreen species more readily than old foliage. The results of these trials were combined with results from three previous studies to provide data on feeding responses of gypsy moth larvae on a total of 658 species, 286 genera, and 106 families of dicots. Allelochemic compositions of these plants were tabulated from available literature and compared with acceptance or rejection by gypsy moth. Plants accepted by gypsy moth generally contain tannins, but lack alkaloids, iridoid monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and glucosinolates. 2 PREFACE This research was funded through grants from USDA Forest Service cooperative agreement no. -
ICBEMP Analysis of Vascular Plants
APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Concern APPENDIX 2 List of Species Conservation Reports APPENDIX 3 Rare Species Habitat Group Analysis APPENDIX 4 Rare Plant Communities APPENDIX 5 Plants of Cultural Importance APPENDIX 6 Research, Development, and Applications Database APPENDIX 7 Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Interior Columbia River Basin 122 APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Conservation Concern These range maps were compiled from data from State Heritage Programs in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. This information represents what was known at the end of the 1994 field season. These maps may not represent the most recent information on distribution and range for these taxa but it does illustrate geographic distribution across the assessment area. For many of these species, this is the first time information has been compiled on this scale. For the continued viability of many of these taxa, it is imperative that we begin to manage for them across their range and across administrative boundaries. Of the 173 taxa analyzed, there are maps for 153 taxa. For those taxa that were not tracked by heritage programs, we were not able to generate range maps. (Antmnnrin aromatica) ( ,a-’(,. .e-~pi~] i----j \ T--- d-,/‘-- L-J?.,: . ey SAP?E%. %!?:,KnC,$ESS -,,-a-c--- --y-- I -&zII~ County Boundaries w1. ~~~~ State Boundaries <ii&-----\ \m;qw,er Columbia River Basin .---__ ,$ 4 i- +--pa ‘,,, ;[- ;-J-k, Assessment Area 1 /./ .*#a , --% C-p ,, , Suecies Locations ‘V 7 ‘\ I, !. / :L __---_- r--j -.---.- Columbia River Basin s-5: ts I, ,e: I’ 7 j ;\ ‘-3 “. -
Design and Development Manual (Adobe PDF)
Design and Development Manual Updated 2021 Native and Adaptive Plant Lists Section Page # Landscaping 1 Native and Adaptive Plant List 1-23 Large Trees 1-4 Medium Trees 5 Small Trees 6-8 Large Shrubs 9-11 Small Shrubs 12-14 Parking Lot Shade Trees 15 Parking Lot Screening Shrubs 16 Trees Under Power Lines 17-18 Suggested Type A Buffer Trees & Shrubs 19-21 High-Quality Shade Trees 22-23 RCA Establishment Requirements 24-25 Tree Planting Guidelines 26 Planting in Special Situations 27 Tree Pruning 28 Recommended Plant List for BMPs 29-31 Mulch Standards 32-33 Protection Fencing Standard 34 Transportation 35-40 Typical Asphalt Greenway 35 Typical Keyed Concrete 36 Safety Railing Details 37 Locking Bollard Detail 38 Accessible Parking Spaces 39 Bicycle Parking 40 Site Details 41 Dumpster Enclosure Standard 41 Small Town Character Residential Design Standards 42-49 Architectural Features 43 Decorative Features 44 Residential Standards-Roofs 45 Residential Standards-Facades 46 Residential Standards-Windows 47 Residential Standards-Sides facing public streets 48 Residential Standards-Entryways & Materials 49 Native and Adaptive Plant Lists The Native and Adaptive Plant Lists are in chart form and include descriptions of trees and shrubs. Native species shown are native to the eastern half of the United States. These plant lists are not intended to be all-inclusive. The intent of these lists is to encourage the use of landscape plants that are hardy in Apex and exhibit tolerance of urban conditions. Plants not on the native and adaptive plant list may be used with approval from the Planning Department. -
Amur Maple (Acer Ginnala)
NEW JERSEY INVASIVE SPECIES STRIKE TEAM www.njisst.org Siebold’s viburnum (Viburnum sieboldii) Also called: Siebold’s arrowwood Fruit: • Oval, single-seeded fruits borne in clusters Family name: Adoxa (Adoxaceae) • Maturing from red to black • Fruit borne on bright red stems Native range: Japan • Appearing August-September NJ Status: Emerging Stage 2 - Uncommon (may be regionally common or abundant). It is highly threatening to natural communities. All detected occurrences should be eradicated. General description: • Deciduous large shrub or small tree • 15’-20’ tall and 10’-15’ Habitat: wide • Forest, open forest, edge, hedgerow, • Stout landscaping branching • Shade tolerant and large buds Commercial Availability: Yes Leaves: Look-alikes: • Opposite and coarsely toothed The Viburnum species are best differentiated by leaf • Oval shaped- 2”-5” long shape, fruit color, buds, and flower and fruit structure. • Thick, dark, leathery leaves, deeply veined • Leaf veins & leaf stems covered in downy hairs Leatherleaf viburnum Leatherleaf leaves • Crushed leaves may emit foul odor (burnt (Viburnum rhytidophyllum) rubber or skunk) • Non-native shrub, potentially invasive • Evergreen • Twigs, leaves & stems are hairy • Untoothed leaves • Very wrinkled leaf surface • Similar flower Blackhaw leaves Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium) • Native shrub/ small tree • Opposite, finely toothed leaves Flowers: with upcurved fine veins • Small, off-white • Leaves 1.5”-3.5”, NOT leathery • 5 petals on each tiny flower • Blue berries occur in clusters • Borne on flat-topped clusters 3”-6”across • Showy white flowers • Blooms in late May Siebold’s viburnum flowers are similar to other viburnums. (c) 2004 Steven J. For additional look-alikes, see NJISST fact sheets for: linden viburnum (V. -
Survey of Cultural Practices Used in Production Of
SURVEY OF CULTURAL PRACTICES USED IN PRODUCTION OF VIBURNUMS AND WATER USE AND GROWTH OF THREE VIBURNUM SPECIES GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT SHADE INTENSITIES By ARJINA SHRESTHA Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Tribhuvan University Nepal 2005 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 2011 SURVEY OF CULTURAL PRACTICES USED IN PRODUCTION OF VIBURNUMS AND WATER USE AND GROWTH OF THREE VIBURNUM SPECIES GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT SHADE INTENSITIES Thesis Approved: Janet C. Cole Thesis Adviser Michael W. Smith Bjorn Martin Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................17 II. SURVEY OF THE CULTURAL PRACTICES USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF VIBURNUMS..............................................................................................................27 Abstract ........................................................................................................................27 Significance to nursery industry ..................................................................................29 Introduction ..................................................................................................................29 Materials and Methods