Sustainable Trees and Shrubs

An Introduction to the Sustainable Plant List 1 Planting for Sustainable Landscapes 3 List of Sustainable Trees and Shrubs 8 Index of Common Names 31 Appendix 1: URI Crabapple Tree Disease Evaluations 34 Appendix 2: Tree, Shrub and Vine Selections for Demanding Situations 36 Appendix 3: Cross-reference for Demanding Situations 42 Hardiness Map of New England (USDA Plant Hardiness Zones) 49 An Introduction to the Sustainable Plant List

Plant lists are invaluable resources for garden precarious balance of nature in which we play a enthusiasts, designers, nursery trades people and land- pivotal role. Many in our society are looking for ways scape architects. We constantly consult books and to reduce human impacts on the environment. nursery catalogs which list landscape plants, espe- Others lack the time or resources to manage pests or cially those that organize plants by their characteristics maintain shrubs that require frequent pruning or and landscape uses. As times and fashions change, irrigation. These people should find the sustainable new plants emerge, old plants are rediscovered, and plant list an invaluable resource. others lose favor and disappear from these lists. Careful plant selection is the key first step in devel- But one point remains clear: listing plants encourages oping a balanced and self-perpetuating landscape. their widespread distribution and use. The purpose However, plant survival with minimal maintenance is of this publication is to encourage the production not the only issue in sustainability. We are and use of landscape plants that are more sustainable: having more difficulty with invasive those which are not invasive and require reduced exotic plants which inputs of pesticides, water and maintenance. have escaped from managed land- Why Sustainable? scapes, displacing native plants and Not long ago, plants from around the world could disrupting natural be introduced into the landscape and provided ecosystems. The use with the care needed to ensure their long-term beauty of these potential and success. Pesticide use was widespread and its invasives cannot be effectiveness unquestioned, labor for intensive care seen as sustainable was available and affordable, and the supply of except in very con- natural resources was considered limitless. Much has trolled situations. changed in recent decades; we have become painfully This list of sus- aware of the limits of our natural resources and the tainable plants is not

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 1 offered as the entire answer. Proper siting, planting before some of the newer plants are readily available and maintenance are necessary for a plant to prosper in the trade. in the landscape. Therefore, climatic conditions, Many of our favorite plants are not on the list, exposure to sun and wind, subsurface soil and mois- because serious pests threaten their existence or their ture conditions, etc. must be considered when maintenance requirements are too high for them selecting plants for a particular location. Sustainable to be considered sustainable. That doesn’t mean that or not, if one ignores the site and a plant’s cultural we won’t include a few of them in our landscapes. requirements, that plant will suffer. Life would be indeed dull without a rose, but most of us would not want to maintain a half-acre of them. Plants with occasional pest problems or those with relatively minor problems are included on the list with cautionary notes. It is only those plants with life- threatening or chronic pest problems that are omitted from the list, along with seriously invasive species. The list is not intended to eliminate the production of high maintenance plants with desirable traits. Instead, it is intended to encourage the broader distribution of plants which seem to be better suited to satisfying not only our horticultural requirements, but also our environmental concerns. Native Plants

There is renewed interest in native plants (those found growing outside of cultivation in this region A List for Professionals during pre-Colonial times) which often are better In preparing this list and the accompanying plant acclimated, less pest prone and more favorable for native wildlife than exotic plants. Native plants are descriptions, we have targeted a professional audience, identified in Appendix 2. However, it should be noted with an expectation that through time, as these plants that many exotic insect and disease pests have been become more available, this information will filter introduced in the past 300 years. They have virtually down to the consumers. Plants on this list are proven eliminated some of our native plants and become performers in Southern New England (USDA Hardiness serious pests of others. In these cases, it is useful to Zones 7a–5b), and many of them can be grown both look to other parts of the world where plants have north and south of here (although the pest complexes evolved resistance to these pests. Even without intro- might change). This list is dynamic and will continue duced pests, some native plants have problems in to change as new plants and pests are introduced and our landscapes where they are far removed from their as we learn more about existing ones. natural environments. A fabulous forest shrub can The list is only a guide. Plants are included which have serious difficulties when sited between a drive- have qualities appealing to designers and plant way and a sidewalk. It is likely that a sustainable lovers alike. Plant descriptions include color, form, landscape will feature many native plants, but we texture and growth habits as well as maintenance think there are many non-natives which should be requirements and hardiness. Many of the plants on the considered as well. list are well known and currently in production, while others need to be grown and distributed more. We are well aware that it will take a decade or more

2 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Planting for Sustainable Landscapes

Introduction

Giving plants a healthy start begins with proper planting. Problems showing up on established plants can often be traced back to poor planting. Traditional planting methods are often passed down through the generations. While some of the old ways are still recommended today, many planting practices are changing to reflect current research and technology. Well-informed landscapers and arborists should be aware of the latest planting and transplanting techniques. This chapter presents the techniques and procedures used to plant and transplant trees and shrubs, and explains how the use of proper planting techniques can improve survival and acceler- ate establishment.

Selecting and Purchasing Plants

$ THE RIGHT PLANT

key to sustainable planting is matching the upon site requirements and planting specifications, plant and the conditions of the planting site. each form has its advantages and disadvantages. A The best planting procedures will not save a Bare root plants have had the soil shaken from plant that is poorly suited for the site. Plants vary their roots after digging. Most bare root trees and naturally in their ability to tolerate site conditions shrubs are purchased by mail order such as extreme heat or cold, wet or dry and planted during the dormant soils, sun or shade. The plant also should season, before roots and buds not outgrow its allotted space. Plants begin to grow. Since there is no should be healthy and vigorous soil on the roots, it is vital that when planted. The condition of the they be kept moist, and if not planted roots in particular affects trans- immediately, that they be stored plant success. The roots should be cold (32°–40°F) with moist packing white and numerous; brown or black around the roots. When planted, roots indicate a health problem. the roots of bare root plants should be spread evenly in the planting hole. $ HANDLING NEW PLANTS Container grown plants have been grown for months or years in rees and shrubs are available the container in which they are sold. from the nursery in one of three Container growing is becoming very popular T forms: bare root, balled and in the nursery trade. Container grown plants burlapped, or container grown. Depending may be planted anytime the soil is workable, but may

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 3 need special attention to correct compacted or circling used to wrap the root ball holds the soil ball together roots. When selecting container grown trees and shrubs, and keeps the roots from drying out. Natural fiber always check the roots. For example, not all plants burlap is biodegradable and may be left in the hole, purchased in containers are container grown. Often though it should be rolled back and completely bare root trees or covered with soil. Some nurseries use treated burlap shrubs are potted in or synthetic burlap which must be removed at plant- containers, grown ing. All twine or rope holding the burlap together for a short time and or tied around the trunk must be removed to avoid sold from the nursery. girdling. Some larger balled and burlapped trees If they are not held come in wire baskets that keep the ball together dur- for at least a year, the ing handling. Although the baskets do not have to roots may not have be removed, it is best to cut the upper rows when plant- established in the ing. This eliminates interference with rakes or lawn container. On the mowers if the tree is planted shallow, and allows roots other hand, if plants to grow and spread freely near the surface. are grown in their container for too Planting long, the roots may have grown in circles. $ THE PLANTING HOLE These roots must be separated and spread nstalling trees and shrubs properly involves more

out during planting. If the roots are densely matted, than just digging holes and setting in plants. the outside of the root mass should be sliced vertically I The quality of the planting hole will determine with a sharp knife in a few places to help separate the long term health of the root system, and thereby the roots. And unless the container is biodegradable, the entire plant. In general, the planting hole should such as a natural peat pot, it must be removed be at least 18 to 24 inches wider in diameter than before planting. the root ball. If the soil is compacted or of poor quality, If properly watered and maintained, container the hole should be even larger, i.e., 3 to 5 times the grown trees can be planted any time of the year. Early width of the root ball. The hole should be wider at the fall planting is especially advantageous because the roots can begin to establish before the plant goes dor- mant for winter. Early spring, before bud break, is also a good time to plant because the roots begin to grow immediately, and light, temperature and soil moisture levels are optimal. Perhaps the most impor- tant factor in successfully transplanting container grown trees is maintaining adequate (not excessive) soil moisture, which encourages roots to grow into the surrounding soil. Many trees and shrubs are dug in the nursery with root balls intact and wrapped with burlap. Be aware that as much as 95% of the absorbing roots can be lost in digging, though some roots are pre- served in the root ball. When selecting a balled and burlapped plant, be sure the ball is solid, with little or no movement of the trunk. The burlap

4 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 top than the bottom, with sloped walls, because most Large pockets of air can allow roots to dry out. Firm of the root growth will be shallow and horizontal. the soil so that the plant is vertical and adequately Planting too deeply can stress the plant and drown or supported, but do not suffocate the roots. The easiest way to avoid this is pack the soil. Water never to dig the hole deeper than the root ball. Soft thoroughly while fill should not be left in the bottom of the hole, as the backfilling. The root ball will settle. In almost all types of soil, the remaining soil tree should be planted slightly shallow, with the top should be 2-3 inches of the root ball sitting above the surround- mounded into ing soil grade. Remember, the planting site will be a berm, on the covered with 2-3 inches of mulch by the time you are outer edge finished planting. of the hole, to Drainage is also an important consideration in collect water over successful planting. Poor drainage kills more plants the root zone, than any other cause. A poorly prepared planting especially on sloped hole may act as a dish and hold water, especially in sites. Remove all tags or clay soils. Oxygen levels are low in the bottom of labels so that they will not girdle the trunk or such holes and not conducive to healthy root growth. branches as the plant grows. Do not put gravel in the bottom of the planting hole; it does not aid drainage. $ MULCHING

$ THE ROOT BALL fter filling the planting basin with water and letting it drain, fill the basin with 2 to 3 inches andle roots carefully during planting – small A of an organic mulch. This will conserve soil absorbing roots are easily broken. Check moisture, moderate soil temperature extremes, and H balled and burlapped plants to ensure the reduce competition from weeds and turf. Many organic roots originate near the surface of the ball. When mulches such as pine needles, bark or wood chips setting the plant in the hole, make sure these roots are fine. Make certain the mulch is not touching the are no deeper than the soil grade. plant stem, as this could promote bark decay, crown rot, winter injury or rodent damage. Do not use $ BACKFILLING black plastic or landscape fabric under the mulch, since these materials, sooner or later, restrict water n most cases, it is best to backfill the hole with movement and oxygen availability to the roots. the same soil that came out of the hole. Research I has shown that soil amendments usually do $ WATER AND FERTILIZER not improve plant establishment or growth. However, if the natural soil is extremely poor, topsoil may lanting is a major operation from which most be the only alternative. Strive to match the backfill trees and shrubs recover slowly. A major soil type to the soil type of the site, as closely as P portion of the root system is lost in digging, possible. Backfilling with a sandy loam in heavy clay and the plant must reestablish sufficient roots to soils may cause the planting hole to collect water sustain itself. During this period, the plant’s ability to and suffocate the roots. If soil must be brought to the obtain and transport water and minerals is greatly site, or the backfill must be amended, the hole reduced, which results in varying degrees of water stress should be extra wide. This will allow for several years’ and transplant shock. For this reason, proper watering growth within the new soil. While backfilling, work is key to the survival of newly planted trees and the soil around the ball so that no air pockets remain. shrubs. If rainfall is not sufficient (generally 1 inch

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 5 per week), the tree should be watered every five to seven days. A slow gentle soaking of the root zone is preferable. The watering schedule should be appro- priate for the soil type and drainage– remember that excess water in the planting hole is a leading cause of transplant death. Since the root system functions of a newly planted tree are limited, fertilization often is not recom- mended at the time of planting. Excessive fertilizer in the root zone can be damaging, so do not add fer- tilizer to the backfill. If fertilizer must be used at planting or in the first growing season, apply a con- trolled-release fertilizer or liquid feed. Fertilizing in the fall when the roots are active can be beneficial. However, most plants received from the nursery require no fertilizer in the first year of establishment. $ STAKING AND GUYING $ PRUNING ost shrubs do not need to be supported lants grow and establish fastest if pruning is after planting. In general, trees under 8 feet minimized at planting. Beyond the removal M height do not need support either. In fact, P of broken or damaged branches, it is usually staking can have detrimental effects on the development best to avoid heavy pruning. of trunk taper and root growth. Too often, staking materials end up injuring or girdling the tree. Trees may be supported by up to three stakes. If a single stake is used, it should be placed on the up- wind side of the tree. The material used to attach the tree to the stake should be broad, smooth and somewhat elastic. The tree may be attached to the stake at several points along the trunk. However, do not stake the tree too rigidly, as the tree will develop a less sturdy root system and be more subject to girdling. If two support stakes are used, a single, flexible tie at- tached to the tops of the stakes will be sufficient. Triple staking provides more protection against strong wind and lawn mowers. Support stakes and guy wires generally should be removed after one growing season. If staking is left in place for more than two years, the tree’s ability to stand alone may be reduced and the chances of girdling injury are increased.

Planting guidelines are based on information found in the International Society for Arboriculture Arborist’s Certification Study Guide, the Penn State University Master Gardener Manual and Arboriculture: Integrated Management of Land- scape Trees, Shrubs and Vines by Richard W. Harris.

6 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999

Notes

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SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 7 List of Sustainable Trees and Shrubs

Abelia x grandiflora Glossy Abelia Abies homolepis Nikko Fir Zone 6-9 3-6' x equal spread Zone 4-6 30-50' x 20-30' Bronze-red to bronze-purple leaves persist into late fall/ Prefers moist, well-drained soil, pH adaptable, little main- early winter. Flowers are white with a pink blush and tenance required. bloom from May to frost. Sepals are pink to purple and are quite showy late in the season. Quite hardy and easy to Abies koreana Korean Fir grow. Prefers acid, well-drained, moist soil. Full sun/part Zone 5-6 15-30' shade. Prune dead wood. Violet-purple, 2-3" long cones are striking. More heat tolerant than most firs. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Abies cephalonica Greek Fir Sun/part shade. Zone 5-6 50-75' x 20-30' Very heat tolerant. Susceptible to spruce mites. Abies procera Noble Fir Zone 5-6 50-100' x 20-30' Abies cilicica Cilician Fir Prefers moist, deep, cool soil. Not tolerant of high pH or Zone 5-6 60-70' x 20-30' wind. Sun/part shade. ‘Glauca’ has extremely glaucous Tolerates heavy clay soils, cold temperatures. Tolerant of foliage. Becomes a large tree. Susceptible to spruce mites. high pH soil. Can be invasive. Native to Western US.

Abies veitchii Veitch Fir Zone 3-6 30-60' x 25-35' WHITE FIR Prefers moist, deep, cool soil. Not tolerant of high pH but Abies concolor tolerates semi-urban conditions. Sun/part shade. Suscep- tible to spruce mites.

Acanthopanax sieboldianus (see Eleutherococcus sieboldianus)

Acer buergerianum Trident Maple Zone 5-8 20-25' x equal spread Prefers well-drained, acid soil; good drought resistance, full sun. Grows well under utility lines. Attractive bark on mature specimens.

Abies concolor White Fir Zone 4-7 30-50' x 15-30' Prefers moist, well-drained, sandy-gravelly loams and full sun. Tolerates heat, drought, cold, intolerant of wet soils. Blue-gray needle color, gray to purple upright TRIDENT MAPLE Acer buergerianum cones. Native to Western US. Alternative species for Picea pungens f. glauca (Blue Spruce) which is vulnerable to Cooley spruce gall adelgid.

8 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Acer campestre Hedge Maple Acer tataricum Tatarian Maple ’ Zone 5-8 25-35' x equal spread Zone 3-7 20' x equal spread Adaptable species, prefers average garden soils but tolerates Adaptable to a wide range of conditions, drought tolerant dry conditions and compaction, acid-alkaline, sunlight once established, sun/light shade. Many attributes similar shade, withstands shearing. Grows well under utility lines. to A. ginnala.

Acer ginnala Amur Maple Acer triflorum Three-flower Maple Zone 3-8 15-18' x equal spread Zone 5-7 20-30' x equal spread Popular small tree. Very cold hardy, shade and high pH Moist, acid soils, full sun/partial shade. A good small tree tolerant. May be grown in containers. with exfoliating bark, the trifoliate leaves develop a warm yellow to red color in the fall. Good for many different landscape uses. Acer griseum Paperbark Maple Acer truncatum Purpleblow Maple Zone 5-7 Zone 4-8 20-25' x less spread 20-30' x 1/2 to equal spread Small, rounded, relatively hardy tree. Potentially drought Full sun/partial shade, prefers and urban tolerant. Young purple leaves change to green, moist well-drained soils. yellow-orange-red fall color. Relatively maintenance free. Outstanding cinnamon-colored Aesculus parviflora exfoliating bark and red-scarlet Bottlebrush Buckeye BOTTLEBRUSH fall foliage offer year round BUCKEYE PAPERBARK Zone 4-8 Aesculus parviflora interest in the landscape. Slow MAPLE 8-12' x 8-15' growing specimen tree. Acer griseum Prefers moist, well-drained soils with high organic Acer palmatum Japanese Maple matter, drought intolerant, Acer japonicum Fullmoon Maple pH adaptable, prefers acid, Zone 5-8 15-25' x variable sun/shade. Large white Moist, well-drained soils high in organic matter, full sun to flowers in June-July. Over- dappled shade. Dissectum types scorch in full sun if all growth habit is clump- drought stressed. Protect from wind and late frosts. Sited ing as it suckers readily properly, this is an excellent low maintenance plant. from the base. Good yellow Red leaf forms seem to be somewhat more hardy and stress fall color. Native. tolerant than green leaf forms. Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye Acer pennsylvanicum Striped Maple Zone 5-8 10-20' x equal spread Zone 3-7 15-20' x equal spread Prefers moist, well-drained soils, full sun/light shade, red Large shrub or short tree. Prefers semi-shaded woods with flowers in 4-8" panicles in mid spring. Variability in flower color in the species, ‘Atrosanguinea’ has consistent deep well-drained, cool, moist, slightly acid soil. Good native red flowers. Native. for naturalizing. Green and white striped bark with vibrant yellow fall foliage. Alnus incana White Alder Alnus rugosa Speckled Alder Acer rubrum Swamp/Red Maple Zone 3-6 40-60' x 20-40' Zone 3-9 40-60' x equal spread Prefers moist to wet soils, full sun/light shade, pH tolerant, Tolerates most soils but prefers moist, acid conditions. does well on infertile sites as it fixes nitrogen. Several culti- Excellent for wet conditions. In full sun it will develop vars of A. incana available, including ‘Aurea’ with yellow clear red fall foliage. Many excellent cultivars available, leaves and ‘Laciniata’, a bright green cut-leaf form. Espe- e.g., ‘October Glory’, ‘Red Sunset’ and Freeman hybrids. cially useful for wet or naturalized areas although may be somewhat invasive in the northeast. A. rugosa is a native shrub that reaches 15-20' and is useful for wetland plantings.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 9 Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Amelanchier canadensis, Bearberry Amelanchier laevis Zone 2-5 Zone 4-9 15-25' x variable spread 6-12" x 2-4' Prefers moist, acid soils, good for wet and/or naturalized Does best in poor, areas; not particularly stress tolerant. Sun/shade. Newer dry, sandy soils, cultivars are reported to be less subject to pest and disease difficult to trans- pressure. Generally multi-stemmed with white flowers in plant, full sun, early spring followed by purple-black berries in summer. acidic conditions. Good fall foliage. Native. Salt tolerant. Does BEARBERRY well in containers. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Native.

SERVICEBERRY Aristolochia macrophylla Amelanchier arborea (formerly A. durior) Dutchman's Pipe Zone 4-8 20-30' Vigorous climbing vine with large leaves and unusual yellow-green and purple flowers. Full sun to partial shade. Requires moist soils. Native to Southeast.

Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Zone 4-9 6-10' x 3-5', suckering Adaptable; tolerates wet or dry soils. Best fruit production in full sun. Good for massing or naturalizing. White Amorpha fruticosa Indigobush Amorpha flower clusters in spring, red berries persisting into winter. Amorpha canescens Leadplant Amorpha A. melanocarpa is a smaller shrub with black fruit. Both native. Zone 4-9 6-20' x 5-15' spread Deciduous shrub with leggy growth habit. Transplants Azalea (see Rhododendron) easily. Does well in poor, sandy, dry soils. pH adaptable. Full sun. Possibly salt tolerant. Cut back in late winter. Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel-bush Spreads easily. Purple-blue flowers. A. canescens smaller, Zone 5-9 5-12' x equal spread hardier but treated as a herbaceous perennial. Unusual, native, semi-evergreen shrub. Does well in poor soil. Salt tolerant. Good filler plant for areas with poor soil. Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Zone 2-6 1-2' x 2-3' Berberis x chenaultii Chenault Barberry Slow growing, evergreen shrub. Foliage leathery dark green Zone 5-8 3-4' x slightly larger spread and flowers white tinged pink, 1/4" long and urn shaped. Low growing, dense, evergreen shrub. Dark green leaves Prefers peaty or sandy, moist, cool soil. Full sun/light turn rich bronze-red in fall. Prefers moist, well-drained, shade. Good for naturalizing. Native. slightly acid soil. Sun to part shade. Aralia spinosa Hercules-Club Berberis julianae Wintergreen Barberry Zone 4-9 10-20' Zone 6-8 6-8' x 8-10' Tolerant of adverse soil conditions, full sun/light shade, pH Tolerant of most soil conditions except wet. Full sun/light tolerant. Spiny stems and pinnately compound leaves that shade. Attractive yellow flowers and dark green spiny ever- reach 64" in length. Careful siting required as it suckers green leaves. May show winter damage in exposed, windy from roots. Native to Pennsylvania and south. locations; considered the hardiest of the evergreen barber- ries. Best left unpruned; makes an effective thorny hedge.

10 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Buxus microphylla Boxwood WINTERGREEN Buxus sempervirens BARBERRY Zone 5-6 to 8 Varies with cultivar Berberis julianae Buxus species prefer loamy, well-drained soils. Root systems are near surface and should not be disturbed. Full sun to partial shade.

Callicarpa dichotoma Purple Beautyberry Zone 5-8 3-4' x 6' Moist, well-drained soils, full sun for best fruiting; should be pruned hard in late winter for best fruiting effects. Produces abundant purple berries on arching branches in the fall.

Calycanthus floridus Carolina Allspice PURPLE Zone 5-9 6-9' x 6-12' BEAUTYBERRY Callicarpa Adaptable to many soils, pH adaptable, sun/shade. Produces dichotoma fragrant maroon flowers in late spring. If possible, check fragrance of blooming plants before buying.

Berberis x mentorensis Mentor Barberry Campsis radicans Trumpet Vine, Trumpet Creeper Zone 5-8 5' x 5-7' Zone 4-9 Climbing 30-40' high by aerial rootlets Culture similar to B. julianae; stiff, upright growth habit, Vigorous, deciduous, clinging vine. Grows very fast and dark green leathery foliage, semi-evergreen. Best left needs frequent pruning. Adaptable and salt tolerant. Rich unpruned. Excellent hedge or barrier shrub. orange and scarlet, trumpet shaped flowers in mid-summer. Native. Berberis verruculosa Warty Barberry Zone 6-8 3-6' x equal spread Forms a dense evergreen shrub. Leaves dark green above, whitish underneath turning purple in winter. Good compact growth, useful as hedging material, may show winter damage in exposed, windy locations. Flowers are golden yellow, fruit black.

Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch Betula lenta Sweet Birch Zone 3-7 60-75' and 40-55' x 35-45' Prefers rich, moist, slightly acid, well-drained soils. Resistant to bronze birch borer. Golden yellow fall color. Native.

Betula nigra River Birch Zone 4-9 40-70' x 40-60' Less susceptible to leaf miner than Paper birch, resistant to bronze birch borer which kills Paper birch in Southern RI; prefers moist well-drained soils but tolerates dry conditions RIVER BIRCH once established. The Heritage birch, ‘Cully’, is a superior Betula nigra cultivar with exfoliating bark that is a lighter salmon color than the species. It is a rapid grower once established in the landscape. Native.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 11 Caragana arborescens Siberian Peashrub Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Plum Yew Zone 2-7 15-20' x 12-18' Zone 5-9 5-30' x upright/spreading Very easy to grow. Tolerates cold, salt, poor soil, drought, Evergreen. Moist, well-drained soil, tolerates drought once alkalinity, wind. Good for hedge, screen or windbreak. established. Shade tolerant. Deer resistant substitute for Bright yellow flowers in mid-May. yew, juniper and holly.

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsuratree Zone 4-7 40-60' x 30-40' Zone 4-8 40-60' x 20-30' Tolerates wide range of soil conditions, prefers moist, well- Moist, well-drained soil preferred, may need supplemental drained soils but moderately drought tolerant once water during establishment. Tends to develop multi- established, full sun/light shade, tolerates shearing. A good stemmed character if not trained to a single trunk. Attrac- landscape tree with smooth gray bark, is often used as tive, heart-shaped leaves emerge red, turn blue-green and hedging or screen. change to a beautiful golden to apricot fall color.

Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Zone 4-9 20-30' x equal spread Zone 4-9 20-30' x 25-35' Moist, acid soils, tolerates drier sites, partial-deep shade. Very handsome small tree blooming purple along branches Smooth gray, beech-like bark, useful as an under-story tree. and trunk. Heart shaped leaves turn yellow in fall. Alterna- tive to Cornus florida. Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea Ceanothus ovatus Inland Ceanothus Chaenomeles japonica Japanese Flowering Quince Zone 4-8 3-4' x 3-5' Zone 5-8 3' x wide spreading Low, dense shrub with dark green leaves and white flowers Flowers orange-red or scarlet on year-old wood. Densely in July. Full sun to shade. Tolerates dry soil. C. ovatus branched. Fruit is greenish yellow and fragrant. Most is denser than C. americanus, and has fruit turning bright attractive in flower. red in summer. Native. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Alaska-cedar Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar Zone 4-7 30-45' x narrow Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon Moist, well-drained soil, humid atmosphere, sun. ‘Pendula’ Zone 6-9 40-60' x 30-40' is a graceful weeping form with dark green foliage. Large evergreen trees with spreading branches. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Tolerates acid and alkaline soils and, once established, heat and drought. Sun/part shade. ALASKA CEDAR Needs shelter from wind. C. libani is hardy to zone 5. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

ATLAS CEDAR Cedrus atlantica

12 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Chamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki Falsecypress Cladrastis kentukea (lutea) American Yellowwood Zone 5-8 Variable Zone 4-8 30-50' x 40' Moist, well-drained soil, full sun, some protection from Well-drained soils, alkaline conditions, tolerates acidic wind. Several attractive cultivars available. soils, full sun. Sensitive to drought-heat and compacted soils. Do not prune in spring. Chamaecyparis pisifera Sawara Falsecypress Zone 4-8 Variable Clematis species Clematis Zone 4-8 5-6' to 18' on appropriate structure Moist, well-drained, acid soils, full sun, tolerates wind. One of the toughest evergreens for seaside and street side Fast growing vines, excellent for trellises, fences, rock locations. Diverse cultivars available. walls, etc. Prefers some shade and higher pH soils.

Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic Whitecedar Clethra alnifolia Zone 3-8 40-50' x 10-20' Sweet Pepperbush Zone 4-9 Moist soils, full sun; found in wet and boggy areas as a 4-8' x 4-6' native plant. Prefers moist, acidic soil supple- Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf mented with organic matter, light Zone 3-6 2-5' shade/sun, salt tolerant. Fragrant flowers in late summer; pink flow- Native evergreen shrub with sparse, open habit, blueberry- ered and dwarf cultivars are also like flowers. Good for naturalizing in semi-shaded, boggy, available. Blooms best in full sun. wet areas. Native. Chionanthus retusus Chinese Fringetree Clethra barbinervis Zone 5-8 15-25' x equal spread Japanese Clethra Moist, well-drained soil, full sun/part shade, tolerates air Zone 5-7 pollution. Tree form with gray-brown bark, white feathery 10-20' x 8-10' flowers in June. Prefers a soil supplemented with organic matter, considered drought and heat intolerant, full sun/part shade. Attractive, exfoliating bark, SWEET fragrant, white flowers in drooping PEPPERBUSH panicles in late summer, maroon Clethra alnifolia fall color. WHITE FRINGETREE Chionanthus virginicus Comptonia peregrina Sweetfern Zone 2-6 2-4' x 4-8' Well adapted to poor, dry infertile soils, full sun/light shade. Difficult to transplant, best when container grown. Good for naturalizing or on embankments.

Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood Zone 3-7 15-25' x equal spread Low branched tree or large shrub with horizontal tiered Chionanthus virginicus White Fringetree branching. Plant in part shade although can tolerate sun. Zone 4-9 12' x 20' Needs moist, cool, acidic soil. Yellowish-white fragrant Very adaptable to soil types, prefers moist, well-drained, flowers in May to early June. Great for naturalizing. full sun. Grows very wide, careful siting is important. Fragrant creamy-white flowers in June followed by blue- black fruit in September; dioecious. Fruit attractive to birds.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 13 Corylopsis glabrescens Fragrant Winterhazel Corylopsis spicata Spike Winterhazel Zone 5-8 8-15' x similar spread

KOUSA DOGWOOD Dense shrub with fragrant, pale yellow flowers in April before Cornus kousa leaves develop. Very nice plant for early spring color and fragrance. C. spicata is smaller but also beautiful in flower.

Corylus americana American Filbert Corylus avellana European Filbert Corylus cornuta Beaked Filbert Zone 4-8 4-30" x similar spread Multi-stemmed shrub is pH adaptable. Grow in full sun to light shade. Good for naturalizing. C. avellana can be a small tree but usually forms a thicket. Cultivar ‘Contorta’ most commonly grown, grafted plants tend to sucker. Obtain plants raised from cuttings. C. cornuta has interest- ing beaked fruits. Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood Zone 5-8 20-30' x equal spread Corylus colurna Turkish Filbert Performs well in moist, acidic soils, does well in sandy soils Zone 4-7 40-50' x 12-15' supplied with organic matter, prefers sun. More drought Adaptable to adverse conditions, adaptable to pH, very tolerant and cold hardy than flowering dogwood, resistant drought tolerant once established. Broadly pyramidal in to dogwood anthracnose. Blooms after the foliage has habit, useful as a street tree. emerged in early June, creamy white bracts persist for sev- eral weeks; large red gumball fruit effective in the fall. Cotinus coggygria Common Smoketree Exfoliating bark on mature specimens. Seeds readily. Cornus Cotinus obovatus American Smoketree x ‘Stellar’ series or Hybrid Dogwoods are interspecific Zone 4-8 10-15' x10-15' hybrids developed at Rutgers University and appear to be resistant to dogwood borer and dogwood anthracnose. Bloom Prefers well-drained soil but will tolerate a wide range of times between C. florida and C. kousa. Of the six cultivars, conditions, sun/light shade. Small five-petaled flowers are one is pink and the rest are creamy white. Fruitless. surrounded by 6-8" pinkish hairs which impart a “smokey” appearance from late June-August. Several forms Cornus mas Corneliancherry Dogwood are available with differing foliage colors. C. obovatus Cornus officinalis Japanese Cornel adaptable to a wide range of soils, tolerates drought and Zone 4-7 20-25' x 15-20' alkaline soils. Best growth in full sun. Somewhat longer than C. coggygria, outstanding fall foliage. Large multi-stemmed shrub or small tree with exfoliating bark. Yellow flowers in March. Red fruit. C. officinalis Cotoneaster adpressus Creeping Cotoneaster similar with showy exfoliating bark. Zone 5-7 1-1.5' x 4-6'

Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood Moist, well-drained soils, full sun, drought tolerant once Zone 4-8 10-15' x equal spread established, pH tolerant and adaptable to seaside conditions. Compact ground cover with glossy green leaves, white Adaptable to wet or dry soils, full sun to deep shade. blossoms in May, red fruits effective in fall and winter. Sub- Spreads by root suckers; adequate space needed. Best for ject to mites under hot dry conditions. naturalized areas. Most drought tolerant of the native shrub dogwoods. Cotoneaster divaricatus Spreading Cotoneaster Zone 4-7 5-6' x equal spread Culture similar to C. adpressus; multi-stemmed shrub with arching branches, dark green foliage with yellow to red fall color; white flowers in May with red fruit effective in the fall and winter. Less subject to pests than others in this genus.

14 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Cotoneaster Davidia involucrata Dove-tree salicifolius Zone 6 to 8 20-40' x variable Willowleaf Handsome specimen tree. Slow growing and late to flower. Cotoneaster Striking large, creamy white bracts look like handker- Zone 6-8 chiefs fluttering in the breeze. Attractive orange-brown 10-15' x 10' exfoliating bark. Prefers moist, well-drained soils. Culture similar to C. adpressus; large Deutzia x lemoinei Lemoine Deutzia evergreen shrub with Zone 4-8 5-7' x similar spread arching branches, Dense shrub with pure white flowers in late May and good dark green foliage yellow fall color. One of the hardiest deutzias. turns purple in winter; bright red fruit persist Deutzia gracilis Slender Deutzia through winter. Zone 4-8 2-4' x 3-4' Usually available as low growing cultivars Tolerates most soil conditions. Prefers well-drained soil, WILLOWLEAF such as ‘Emerald COTONEASTER full sun/light shade. White flowers in late May; ‘Nikko’ is a Carpet’, ‘Repens’ and Cotoneaster salicifolius compact cultivar useful as a groundcover. ‘Scarlet Leader’. Deutzia scabra Fuzzy Deutzia Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Green Hawthorn Zone 5-7 6-10' x 4-8' Zone 4-7 20-25' x equal spread Average garden soil, full sun, pH tolerant. White flowers in Tolerates poor soil conditions and windy sites. Less suscep- late May. Several good cultivars available. tible to pests than other hawthorns. Attractive bark and showy red fruit are good winter characteristics. Diervilla sessilifolia Southern Bush Honeysuckle Zone 4-8 3-5' x 3-5' Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cedar Very adaptable to soil conditions, drought and wind tolerant Zone 5-8 5' x 20' once established, full sun/light shade. Spreads by under- Graceful evergreen. Prefers sun/light shade. Easy to grow ground stems, will form a large mass and therefore useful in rich, acid, moist soil. Foliage turns bronze in winter. as a ground cover in rough areas. Attractive yellow flowers Cultivars retaining green winter color are preferred. in midsummer.

Daphne cneorum Rose Daphne Dirca palustris Leatherwood Zone 4-7 6-12" x 2' spread Zone 4-9 3-6' x similar spread Daphne x burkwoodii Burkwood Daphne Dense shrub thrives in moist to wet shade areas. Pale yellow Zone 4-7 3-4' x equal spread flowers in March or April. Native. Daphne caucasica Caucasian Daphne Disanthus cercidifolius Zone 5-7 4-5' x equal spread Zone 5-7 6-10' x similar spread A low, trailing evergreen shrub forms loose masses and Magnificent, but rare, shrub with small heart shaped leaves groundcover. Slow growing in well-drained, moist, neutral turning a rich red purple in fall. Purple flowers in October. pH soil. Prefers light-medium shade. Difficult to transplant. D. cneorum’s bright rosy-pink, fragrant flowers open in Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Fiveleaf Aralia April or May and again in late summer. D. x burkwoodii is Zone 4-8 8-10' x 8-10' a cross between D. cneorum and D. caucasica. Flowers are fragrant and white with a pink tinge. D. caucasica is Easily transplanted, withstands adverse conditions, tolerates deciduous and produces very fragrant, long-season white dry soils, clay-sand-acid soils and urban conditions. Sun/ flowers and black or red fruit. shade. Suckers readily; may be maintenance problem if not sited correctly and allowed ample room, thorny.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 15 Enkianthus campanulatus Redvein Enkianthus Forsythia x intermedia Border Forsythia Zone 4-7 12-15' x 6-8' Forsythia suspensa Weeping Forsythia Zone 6-8 8-10' x 10-12' Requires moist, acid soil supplemented with organic mat- ter, culture similar to rhododendron, sun/light shade. Forsythia species valuable for early spring flowers. Bright green, whorled and bell-shaped creamy, red veined, pH adaptable and tolerant of urban environments. Plant in lobed flowers in late May-early June. Bright orange-scarlet full sun for best flowering. Particularly nice in mass fall foliage. plantings or with other spring flowering shrubs or bulbs. Flower buds killed in cold winters.

Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf Fothergilla REDVEIN ENKIANTHUS Fothergilla major Large Fothergilla Enkianthus Zone 4-8 2-3' (6-10') x equal spread campanulatus Fragrant white bottle-brush flowers in April and May before the leaves develop. Leaves dark blue-green turning florescent yellow, orange and red in the fall. Prefers acid, moist, organic soil in full sun to partial shade. F. major not particularly drought tolerant.

Eucommia ulmoides Hardy Rubber Tree Zone 4-7 40-60' x equal spread Excellent shade tree. Drought tolerant, full sun, pH adaptable.

Evodia daniellii (see Tetradium daniellii) LARGE FOTHERGILLA Exochorda racemosa Common Pearlbush Fothergilla major Zone 4-8 10-15' x equal spread Prefers well-drained, acid soils, full sun/light shade, drought and heat tolerant once established. Flower buds arranged like pearls along the stem, opening into five- petaled, white flowers in April.

Fagus grandifolia American Beech EUROPEAN BEECH Fagus sylvatica European Beech Fagus sylvatica Zone 4-7 50-60' x 50-100' European beech is more tolerant of various soil conditions than American beech which likes acidic, organic soils. Both prefer full sun. Shallow rooted, big for the average residential landscape but excellent for parks, golf courses, other open spaces; needs room to develop into a mature specimen. Many fine cultivars of European beech available in green and purple leaf forms, weeping, cutleaf, etc.

16 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Halesia diptera Two-winged Silverbell Halesia monticola Mountain Silverbell FRANKLIN TREE Halesia tetraptera Carolina Silverbell Franklinia alatamaha (formerly H. carolina) Zone 4-8 30-40' x 20-35' Moist, acid soils, sun/light shade. White, bell-shaped flowers in early spring before foliage emerges. H. tetraptera native. H. diptera is multi-stemmed, rounded tree with pretty, white, bell-shaped flowers. H. monticola much larger (60-80') with larger size fruit and flowers than H. tetraptera but otherwise similar.

CAROLINA SILVERBELL Franklinia alatamaha Franklin Tree Halesia tetraptera Zone 5-8 10-20' x 6-15' Large, fragrant, white flowers in mid-September. Prefers acid, rich organic, moist, well-drained soils in sun/light shade. Good drainage is crucial for tree to thrive. Leaves orange-mahogany red in fall.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Zone 3-9 50-60' x 25-30' Hammamelis x intermedia Witchhazel Tolerates variable soils, salt, high pH, wind. Very adaptable. Hammamelis mollis Chinese Witchhazel Yellow fall color. ‘Marshall’s Seedless’ a preferred male Hammamelis vernalis Vernal Witchhazel cultivar. Hammamelis virginiana Common Witchhazel Zone 5-8 15-20' Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Witchhazels are deciduous understory plants blooming in Maidenhair Tree fall (H. virginiana) or late winter. Prefer moist, acidic soils Zone 4-8 high in organic matter, sun or part shade. Flower colors 50-80' x 30-40' range from yellow to red. H. x intermedia represents a group of hybrids between H. japonica x H. mollis. Upright Adaptable to variable spreading plants bloom from late January into mid-March. soil conditions and ‘Arnold Promise’, ‘Jelena’ and ‘Pallida’ are noteworthy high pH. Tolerates air cultivars. H. mollis has yellow, fragrant flowers in February pollution, salt, and to March. Most fragrant heat. Male cultivars of the Hammamelis WITCHHAZEL preferred as decom- species, H. vernalis Hammamelis posing fruit on GINKGO TREE x intermedia has excellent female trees in the Ginkgo biloba golden yellow fall are malodorous. fall color. Attractive leaves turn pH adaptable. clear yellow in fall. H. virginiana is a native Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky Coffeetree shrub and Zone 3-8 60-75' x 40-50' generally prefers Adaptable to various soil conditions but prefers deep, rich loam, moist, acid soils high full sun, tolerates drought, high pH and urban conditions; in organic matter, a large tree for park-like surroundings. Slow to establish. sun/part shade. Tolerant of urban conditions.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 17 Hydrangea paniculata Panicle Hydrangea Zone 3-8 10-20' x equal spread Prefers loamy soil but is adaptable, sun/part shade, urban tolerant. ‘Grandiflora’ (PeeGee Hydrangea) and ‘Tardiva’ are improved selections. Extremely long flowering period as the dry flowers persist well into the fall. Potentially invasive.

OAK-LEAVED HYDRANGEA SEVEN-SON FLOWER Hydrangea quercifolia Heptacondium miconioides

Heptacodium miconioides Seven-Son Flower Zone 5-8 10-20' x 10-15' Prefers moist soils but is adaptable. Full sun to part shade. Creamy white fragrant flowers from September to October. Very popular with bees. After flowering, the calyces turn red and are very striking.

Hovenia dulcis Japanese Raisintree Zone 5-7 30' x 20' Hydrangea quercifolia Oak-leaved Hydrangea Zone 5-9 4-6' x equal or wider spread Adaptable to various soil conditions. Prefers good drainage and full sun. Fragrant white flowers in summer. Moist, fertile, well-drained soils, sun/part shade, prefers cool, moist root environment. ‘Snow Queen’ is an improved Hydrangea anomala Climbing Hydrangea selection. Excellent fall color. subspecies petiolaris Zone 4-7 Climbing 60-80' Hypericum species St. Johnswort Lovely clinging vine with white flowers in late June to Zone 4-8 early July. Full sun or shade and moist soils. Excellent for 1-4' x equal spread massive effect on brick or stone walls. Slow to establish but then vigorous. Dense shrubs often treated as a perennial. Hydrangea arborescens Smooth Hydrangea Adaptable to dry, Zone 4-9 3-5' x greater spread high pH soils. Beautiful yellow summer Adaptable, prefers well-drained, moist soil, partial shade. flowers. Hypericum Will tolerate full sun if ample moisture is available. ‘Hidcote’ and H. ST. ‘Annabelle’ is an improved selection. JOHNSWORT kalmianum are notable Hypericum varieties. species Hydrangea macrophylla Bigleaf Hydrangea Zone 6-9 3-6' x equal spread Ilex crenata Japanese Holly Prefers a moist soil supplemented with organic matter, Zone 5-7 Varies with cultivar tolerates coastal conditions, sun/light shade. Pink and blue Small-leaved evergreen shrub prefers moist, well-drained cultivars available. soil, full sun/part shade, adaptable.

18 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Ilex glabra Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Inkberry Holly Zone 5-9 3-5' x 6' Zone 5-9 Moist, fertile soils, tolerates wet or dry conditions, pH 6-8' x 8-10' adaptable, full sun/part shade. Cultivar ‘Henry’s Garnet’ Small-leaved deciduous sports white flowers in upright spikes in June-July; foliage shrub prefers moist to reddish-purple color in fall. wet soils, shade tolerant. VIRGINIA SWEETSPIRE 'Compacta’ is a better- Itea virginica shaped plant than the species. Native.

Ilex x meserveae hybrids Blue Holly Zone 5-8

Variable spread INKBERRY Evergreen shrub prefers HOLLY Ilex glabra Juniperus chinensis Chinese Juniper moist, well-drained Zone 3-9 Varies with cultivar soil supplemented with organic matter, acid conditions, sun/part shade. Dark Moist, well-drained soils, pH adaptable, sun. Salt, drought blue-green leaves, bright red berries. Well adapted to New and wind tolerant. Useful as a groundcover, shrub, screen, England. Many cultivars favored by deer. etc., depending on the cultivar. Some cultivars susceptible to blights, which can cause serious dieback. The following Ilex pedunculosa Longstalk Holly cultivars are reported to be resistant to one or two Zone 5-8 15-25' x 15' of the blights: ‘Foemina’ (P), ‘Iowa’ (P), ‘Keteleeri’ (P), ‘Pfitzeriana-aurea’ (P+K), ‘Robusta Green’ (P), var. Prefers moist, acid soil, sun/part shade. Leaves resemble sargentii (P+K), ‘Gold Coast’ (K). Mountain Laurel, bright red berries on long stalks.

Juniperus conferta Ilex serrata Finetooth Holly Shore Juniper Ilex verticillata Winterberry Zone 6-9 Zone 3-9 6-10' x equal spread 1.5' x spreading Deciduous shrubs. Prefer moist, acid soils supplemented Adaptable to poor, dry soils, with organic matter, does well under wet conditions, also full sun, salt tolerant, in lighter soils but is considered drought intolerant, good for coastal locations. sun/light shade. Plants are dioecious, both sexes required Low-growing ground- for pollination and berry production. Many cultivars cover, intolerant of wet available; fruit colors up after the first soils. frost and is often retained through the winter. Tolerates Juniperus virginiana heavy pruning; Eastern Red Cedar fruits on new Zone 3-9 wood. The hybrid 15-30' x 8-10' ‘Sparkleberry’, a National Arbore- Adaptable to poor, tum introduction, droughty soils, pH adapt- is noted for able, full sun, salt its persistent WINTERBERRY tolerant. Alternate host berries. Ilex verticillata for cedar-apple rust. EASTERN RED CEDAR Tough native plant for Juniperus screening, naturalizing, virginiana coastal planting.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 19 Kalmia latifolia Mountain-Laurel Larix kaempferi Japanese Larch Zone 4-9 7-15' x similar spread Larix laricina Eastern Larch Zone 4-7 70-90' x 25-40' Requires acid, moist soil supplemented with organic matter, good drainage, full sun to shade. A good native plant if Prefers moist, well-drained, acid soils. Will not tolerate sited correctly. Many new cultivars available; red and pink heat, shade or pollution. L. laricina only grows to 40-80', flowered forms need full sun to develop good flower color. less heat tolerant.

Ledum groenlandicum Labrador Tea Zone 2-5 2-4' x equal spread Dwarf evergreen shrub forms a rounded mass. Prefers moist, sandy, peaty soils in sun to part shade. Transplants easily. Pure white flowers in May-June.

Leucothoe species Leucothoe Zone 5-8 2-6' x equal spread depending on species Broadleaf, evergreen shrub that is good for naturalizing. Prefers moist, acid soil, partial to full shade.

MOUNTAIN-LAUREL Kalmia latifolia LEUCOTHOE Leucothoe species

Kalopanax septemlobus Castor-aralia Zone 4-7 40-60' x equal spread Moist soils, full sun. Tolerant of alkaline soil and long lived. Coarse textured plant provides tropical effect in the landscape.

Kerria japonica Japanese Kerria Zone 4b-9 3-6' x 6-9' Hearty, free-flowing shrub. Plant in full sun/part shade. ‘Pleniflora’ Lindera benzoin Spicebush has double, golden yellow flowers and grows in an upright, Zone 4-9 6-12' x equal spread lanky form. Best grown unpruned except thinning. Prefers acid, moist soils in full sun/partial shade. Small greenish-yellow flowers appear in early spring. Bright Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenraintree green leaves turn bright yellow in fall. Fruit bright red in Zone 5-9 30-40' x equal spread late September to October. Adaptable to a wide range of soils, tolerates drought, heat, wind, pH and air pollution. Yellow blossoms in mid- Liquidambar styraciflua American Sweetgum summer followed by lantern-like seed capsules in fall. Zone 6-9 60-75' x 2-3 spread Difficult to transplant and needs large area for root Kolkwitzia amabilis Beautybush development. Beautiful, glossy green leaves with rich Zone 4-8 6-10' x 8' yellow-purple fall color. Messy fruit. Adaptable to a variety of soil conditions; prefers moist, well-drained soils and full sun. Usually requires annual Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree pruning of older canes to retain form and prevent Zone 4-9 70-90' x 35-50' legginess, or cut back to ground. Large tree. Full sun, pH adaptable. Prefers moist soils. Golden yellow fall color. Beautiful green-orange flowers do not appear until tree matures.

20 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet Honeysuckle Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grapeholly Zone 4-9 Climbing 10-20' Zone 5-7 3-6' x 3-5' Fast growing, twining vine. Orange-red to red to yellow Does well in moist, acid soil. Prefers shade and protection flowers in early spring. Great for hummingbirds. from wind. Bright yellow flowers in April, attractive blue fruit in autumn. Maackia amurensis Amur Maackia Zone 4-7 20-30' x equal spread CRABAPPLE Very adaptable, full sun, pH and drought tolerant. Malus species

Magnolia acuminata Cucumbertree Magnolia Zone 3-8 50-80' x equal spread Prefers moist, well-drained acid soils, but performs well in calcareous soils also. Not tolerant of extreme drought or wetness, or air pollution. Native. Malus species Crabapple Magnolia species Magnolia Zone 4-7 Varies with cultivar Zone 5-8 15-40' x equal spread Quite adaptable to many soil types but prefers well- Many species and cultivars available. Most prefer moist, drained, acid conditions, full sun, salt tolerant. The best well drained soil but can be tolerant of high pH. Sun/part crabapples flower annually and are disease resistant. shade. M. x loebneri particularly urban tolerant. See Appendix 1 for a listing. Crabapples are particularly attractive to Japanese beetle adults, and may need protec- tion when beetle populations are high.

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood STAR MAGNOLIA Magnolia Zone 5-8 70-100' x 25' kobus stellata Deciduous conifer suitable for large areas. Attractive orange-brown fall color. Prefers deep, well-drained, slightly acid soils. Full sun.

Magnolia ashei Ashe Magnolia Magnolia denudata Yulan Magnolia (formerly M. heptapeta) Magnolia kobus Kobus Magnolia Magnolia kobus stellata Star Magnolia Magnolia x loebneri Loebner Magnolia DAWN REDWOOD Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer Magnolia Metasequoia glyptostroboides Magnolia sieboldii Oyama Magnolia

Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia Zone 5-9 10-20' x equal spread Does well in wet soils, considered drought intolerant, prefers acid soil, tolerates light shade. Semi-evergreen in protected areas. Native.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 21 Microbiota decussata Russian Arborvitae Nyssa sylvatica Black Tupelo, Sour Gum Zone 3-7 12" x 10-12' Zone 4-9 30-50' x 20-30' Low growing evergreen shrub, bright green summer foliage Prefers moist, well-drained soils but tolerates wet soils, will turning purple-brown in winter. Graceful branchlets also grow on upland areas. Full sun/light shade. Difficult arranged in flat sprays. Prefers moist soils, tolerant of shade, to transplant. Excellent orange-scarlet fall foliage. very cold hardy. Ostrya virginiana American Hop Hornbeam, RUSSIAN ARBORVITAE Ironwood Microbiota decussata Zone 4-9 25-40' x 15-30' Prefers moist, well-drained soils, slightly acid. Tolerates dry conditions once established, full sun/part shade. One of the most drought tolerant and salt resistant small trees. Difficult to transplant.

Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Zone 5-9 25-30' x 20' Prefers moist, well-drained soils, slightly acid, tolerates dry conditions, full sun/part shade. Drooping flower clusters in mid-summer; excellent burgundy fall foliage.

Myrica pensylvanica Northern Bayberry

Zone 3-6 5-12' x equal spread SOURWOOD Does extremely well in poor sandy soils, may adapt to Oxydendrum arboreum heavy soils, full sun/light shade. Salt tolerant. Myrica gale, or Sweetgale, is a low growing (2-4') deciduous shrub native to Rhode Island.

Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Pachysandra Pachysandra terminalis Japanese Pachysandra Zone 4-8 6-12" high NORTHERN BAYBERRY One of the best evergreen ground covers for deep shade. Myrica pensylvanica Spreads by rhizomes to form a dense mat. White flowers in March to early April. ‘Green Sheen’ is a particularly nice pest free cultivar of P. terminalis.

Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain Holly Parrotia persica Persian Parrotia Zone 4-6 6-10' x equal spread Zone 5-8 20-40' x 15-30' Deciduous, native shrub. Good for naturalizing in cold Excellent pest-free specimen tree with attractive exfoliating climates. Tolerates moist soils. Bright red fruit in late bark and fall color. Tolerant of varying conditions once summer. established, sun/part shade.

22 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper Pieris japonica Japanese Pieris Parthenocissus tricuspidata Japanese Creeper, Zone 5-7 9-12' x 6-8' Boston Ivy Upright, broadleaf evergreen shrub with bronze new growth Zone 4-9 Climbing 30-50' which changes to dark green at maturity. White, slightly Deciduous vine will crawl on ground, up trees or other fragrant urn-shaped flowers appear in March to April. Plant structures. Tolerates virtually any condition. Low mainte- in partial shade to minimize lacebug problems. nance cover for walls. Foliage of P. quinquefolia is more lustrous and leaf is 3-lobed. Pinus banksiana Jack Pine Zone 2-7 35-50' x irregular spreading Paxistima canbyi Canby Paxistima Zone 3-7 1' x 3-5' Very hardy for colder climates. Will survive in almost pure sand, and dry, acid soils. Initially pyramid shaped but Low growing, evergreen shrub with dark green leaves. Full becomes more open and flat-topped at maturity. sun/part shade. Tolerates high pH. Pinus bungeana Lacebark Pine Phellodendron amurense Amur Corktree Zone 5-7 30-50' x 20-35' Zone 4-7 30-45' x equal or greater spread Nice specimen tree with interesting, exfoliating bark. Adaptable to a wide range of soils, tolerates pH, drought, Prefers well-drained soil and sun. Tolerant of high pH. air pollution and full sun. Grows quite large so siting is important; fruit can be messy.

Philadelphus species Sweet Mockorange Zone 4-8 10-12' x 10-12' Sweetly scented white flowers. Full sun/light shade. Trans- plants readily. Fast growing.

Physocarpus opulifolius Common Ninebark Zone 2-7 5-10' x 6-10' COMMON Native shrub easily transplanted and adaptable. Full sun/ NINEBARK part shade. Tolerates all soil conditions and drought. Good Physocarpus opulifolius for naturalizing.

Picea glauca White Spruce Zone 2-6 40-60' x 10-20' Broad conical tree. Prefers full sun to some shade. Light green needles form dense shape. ‘Conica’, the Alberta Spruce, Pinus cembra Swiss Stone Pine is widely sold and used in the landscape. Susceptible Pinus koraiensis Korean Pine to spider mites, particularly when grown against buildings. Zone 4-7 30-40' x 15-20' Prefers well-drained, acidic soil, good air circulation, Picea omorika Serbian Spruce full sun. Slow growing, hardy, and salt tolerant. P. cembra Picea orientalis Oriental Spruce possible substitute for Japanese and Austrian Black pines. Zone 4-7 50-60' x 20-30' Graceful evergreen trees tolerate drought, high pH and Pinus parviflora Japanese White Pine urban conditions. Protect from winter winds. Zone 4-7 25-50' x similar or greater spread Requires good drainage but tolerates most soil conditions Pieris floribunda Mountain Pieris, Fetter Bush including soil compaction. Salt tolerant. Drought tolerant Zone 4-8 2-6' x equal spread once established. Evergreen shrub prefers moist, well-drained soil, tolerant of high pH and resistant to lacebug. Susceptible to Phytophthora root rot if not sited in a well-drained location. An interspe- cific hybrid, ‘Brouwer’s Beauty’, has flower clusters that are horizontal and arching.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 23 Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine Prunus subhirtella Higan Cherry Zone 3-7 50-80' x 20-40' Zone 5-8 20-40' x wider spread Prefers moist, well-drained soils but tolerates dry conditions, Culture similar to the above; semi-double pink flowers in full sun/light shade, rapid growing when young. Subject spring, occasionally re-blooming in fall. Considered to white pine weevil damage to terminal, intolerant of salt. short-lived though relatively pest free. ‘Autumnalis’ is a An excellent native evergreen. recommended variety.

Pseudolarix amabilis Golden-larch Zone 5-7 30-50' x 20-40' Slow-growing specimen tree, deciduous, golden yellow fall color. Prefers well-drained soil in full sun, tolerates air pollution.

Ptelea trifoliata Hoptree Zone 3-9 15-20' x equal spread EASTERN WHITE PINE Prefers moist, well-drained soils but very adaptable, sun/ Pinus strobus heavy shade. An interesting native tree with trifoliate leaves and fragrant flowers in June.

Pterostyrax hispida Fragrant Epaulettetree Zone 4-8 20-30' x equal spread Attractive small tree with white fragrant flowers in June. Prefers moist, acid, well-drained soils, sun/light shade. Potentilla fruticosa Bush Cinquefoil Pyracantha coccinea Scarlet Firethorn Zone 2-6 1-4' x 2-4' Zone 6-9 6-18' x equal spread Moist, well-drained soils but is very adaptable, will do well Berry-like, orange-red fruit ripens in September and under dry conditions, full sun/light shade, likes neutral persists into winter. Plant in full sun for best fruit but can to alkaline conditions. Extremely cold hardy. Long bloom tolerate part-shade. Use as an informal hedge. Great for period. Many improved cultivars available. trellising and espaliers on walls. Difficult to transplant.

Prunus maackii Amur Chokecherry Pyrus calleryana Callery Pear Zone 3-6 35'-45' x 20-35' Zone 5-8 30-50' x 20-35' Small dense tree with cinnamon-brown exfoliating bark. Adaptable to varying soils, air pollution, etc. ‘Bradford’ Prefers well-drained soil, pH tolerant, sun/shade. White has narrow branch crotches that are prone to breaking. flowers in May. ‘Aristocrat’ has more horizontal branching and is less prone to breakage than ‘Bradford’; ‘Chanticleer’ is more narrowly Prunus maritima Beach Plum upright and shows better fire blight resistance. White Zone 3-6 6' x equal spread flowers in clusters in spring, good scarlet purple fall foliage. Adaptable to most soil conditions except wet, drought tol- Quercus acutissima Sawtooth Oak erant once established, full sun, salt tolerant. White flowers Zone 6-9 40-60' x equal spread in May followed by purple fruit in late summer. Good for naturalizing in coastal plantings. Prefers acid, well-drained soils but adaptable to varying conditions, may develop chlorosis on high pH soils, full sun. Prunus sargentii Sargent Cherry Simple foliage with serrated edges, attractive yellow fall color. Zone 4-7 20-30' x similar spread Quercus alba White Oak Moist, well-drained soils, full sun/light shade. Single pink Zone 4-9 50-80' x equal spread flowers in spring before the foliage, fall colors of yellow to Adaptable to various soil types; prefers moist, acid con- red. Considered short-lived though relatively free of prob- ditions, full sun. Dark green lobed leaves, fall color red to lems in a trouble-prone genus. brown. Scaly white bark attractive year round. Native.

24 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Quercus bicolor Rhododendron species and cultivars Swamp White Oak SWAMP Zone 2-9 Ground cover to small tree Zone 4-8 WHITE OAK Quercus bicolor Over 900 species and thousands of hybrids exist, most 50-60' x equal spread are low maintenance plants when grown in the appropriate Moist, acid soils but very site. They generally prefer moist well-drained acid soils drought tolerant once high in organic matter and perform best in partial shade. established, broadly lobed, In full sun winter injury and blossom fading is more leathery leaf, good dark pronounced as are problems with lace bugs. In southern green color, yellow fall New England ‘Dora Amateis’ and R. maximum are par- foliage. Drought tolerant. ticularly susceptible to lacebug when grown in full sun; Native. and to our south, lacebug problems are much more wide- spread. With the exception of some of the heavily indu- Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak mented rhododendrons (R. yakushimanum, R. smirnovii Zone 4-8 50-60' x equal spread and hybrids), all are susceptible to the black vine weevil which can kill small plants. (See discussion under Taxus.) Simple leaved oak. Easy to transplant, tolerant of dry soils Among the large leaved rhododendrons, R. fortunei and and urban conditions; full sun. Native. its hybrids (‘Scintillation’) are very attractive to deer. Small leaved rhododendrons, including ‘PJM’, ‘Silvery Pink’, Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak ‘Anglo’, etc., are particularly cold tolerant as are deciduous Zone 3-8 70-80' x equal spread azaleas (R. schlippenbachii, R. calendulaceum, R. Large tree with large lobed leaves, white undersides. Tolerates viscosum, etc.). The deciduous Exbury hybrids, however, dry sites and urban conditions. Difficult to transplant. Native. have too many insect and disease problems to be included on this list. There are thousands of good hardy, hybrid, Quercus palustris Pin Oak evergreen azaleas including ‘Hino crimson’, ‘Delaware Valley Zone 4-8 60-70" x 25-40' White’, R. yedoense var. poukhenensis, etc. However, Prefers moist, acid soils, intolerant of high pH, full sun, Belgian or florist azaleas are often mistakenly sold as hardy. tolerates wet soils and urban conditions. Deeply lobed leaves As a rule of thumb, if the flower looks too good to be true, with pyramidal growth habit; lower branches droop. it is probably not hardy. Several species Quercus phellos Willow Oak are native to southern New Zone 5-9 40-60' x equal spread England, including R. maximum, R. viscosum, Adaptable to many soil conditions, full sun, fibrous root R. prinophyllum, system allows for ease of transplanting; narrow, simple leaves. R. canadense and R. periclymenoides. Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak FRAGRANT SUMAC Rhus aromatica Zone 4-8 60-75' x equal spread Rhus aromatica Moist, acid soils, full sun. Intolerant of high pH, tolerates Fragrant Sumac urban conditions. Easily transplanted. Zone 3-9 2'-6' x 6-10' Quercus shumardii Shumard Oak Adaptable to various soil Zone 5-9 40-60' x equal spread conditions, full sun. Leaves may turn red in fall. Easy to transplant. Tolerant of Attractive glossy leaves drought or wet conditions. in threes, yellow flowers Quercus velutina Black Oak and spiky male catkins. Zone 3-9 50-60' x variable spread Native. Spreading habit of cultivar ‘Gro-Low’ Does well in moist, acid soils. Very difficult to transplant makes a good choice for because of extensive tap root. Bark is nearly black with embankments or a deep, vertical furrows. ground cover.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 25 Rhus copallina Shining Sumac Zone 4-9 5-15' x similar spread Good for wet or dry, rocky areas or embankments. Careful siting is important as it can form large colonies. Good for JAPANESE naturalizing, excellent fall color. SNOWBELL Styrax japonica Sarcococca hookeriana Sweetbox Zone 6-8 4-6' x equal spread Prefers acid, well-drained soils in partial shade to shade. Will tolerate drought and polluted air quality. White, fragrant flowers appear in March-April. S. hookeriana var. humilis grows smaller, has black fruits, and is very cold hardy.

Sassafras albidum Common Sassafras Zone 4-9 30-60' x 25-40' Full sun/light shade. Prefers moist, acid, loamy, well-drained soil. Prune in winter. Excellent for naturalized plantings. Outstanding fall color. Native.

Schizophragma Japanese Hydrangea-vine Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree hydrangeoides Zone 4-7 50-75' x wide spreading Zone 5-7 Climbing 20-30' Well-drained soil supplemented with organic matter, drought This clinging vine is similar to but not as vigorous or as and urban tolerant. White, fragrant flowers in mid summer. large as Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris. Inflores- ‘Regent’ is reputed to flower earlier than the species. censes are flat-topped and 8-10" across and droop slightly. Flowers in late June or early July. Spiraea x bumalda Bumald Spirea Zone 3-8 2-3' x 4-5' Sciadopitys verticillata Japanese Umbrella Pine A tough plant in the landscape, annual pruning required Zone 5-7 20-30' x 15-20' for best effect. White flowers in June-August. Prefers moist, well-drained soil, full sun, some protection from wind. Drought tolerant once established. Slow growing. Spiraea x vanhouttei Vanhoutte Spirea Zone 3-8 6-8' x 10-12' Adaptable to various soil types, full sun. White flowers on arching stems in May. Requires pruning of dead wood in spring.

Stephanandra incisa Cutleaf Stephanandra Zone 4-7 2-3' x spreading Graceful shrub prefers well-drained soils supplemented with organic matter, drought intolerant, full sun/part shade. ‘Crispa’ makes an excellent ground cover.

Stewartia koreana Korean Stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia Japanese Stewartia Zone 6-9 20-30' x 10-15' Prefers moist, acid soil supplemented with organic matter. JAPANESE UMBRELLA PINE Camellia-like blossoms flower in summer. Sun/shade. Sciadopitys verticillata Extraordinary exfoliating bark. Leaves have orange-red- bronze fall color.

26 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Styrax japonica Japanese Snowbell Syringa reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac Zone 5-8 20-30' x equal spread Zone 3-7 20-30' x 15-25' Prefers moist, well-drained, acid soil supplemented with Good small urban tree prefers well-drained, moist soil, pH organic matter, full sun/part shade. May be subject to tolerant, full sun. Salt and wind tolerant. Resistant to lilac winter damage in cold sites. Exquisitely fragrant, white, borer and powdery mildew. Early summer flowering. ‘Ivory bell-shaped, pendulous flowers in June. Silk’ and ‘Summer Snow’ are excellent cultivars.

Symphoricarpos x chenaultii Chenault Coralberry Taxodium ascendens Pond Baldcypress Zone 4-7 2' x 12' Taxodium distichum Common Baldcypress Zone 4-9 50-70' x 20-30' A cross between S. microphyllus and S. orbiculatus. Pink flowers in June and white fruit in fall. Tolerant of various Prefers moist acid soils, very adaptable to wet or dry soils, soil types and high pH. ‘Hancock’ is a beautiful low-grow- full sun. A large tree for parks, estates or wet areas. Good ing cultivar. wind tolerant urban tree.

Syringa meyeri Meyer Lilac Zone 3-7 4-8' x 6-12' Small, dense, mounded shrub. Flower buds emerge early, may be damaged by early frost. Violet-purple flowers cover entire plant for 10-14 days in May. Easy to grow and COMMON resistant to mildew. ‘Palibin’ is common compact form. BALDCYPRESS Taxodium distichum

Taxus species and cultivars Yews Zone 4-7 Variable spread High quality, versatile evergreens, slow growing, easily grown and pruned, resistant to many pests. Have been overused,

MEYER LILAC and now black vine weevil is a very serious pest of young Syringa meyeri plants, particularly in the nursery. Larger plants sited in the landscape are reasonably tolerant of this pest; but because yews can harbor large populations of weevils, landscapers should exercise care in planting small susceptible plants Syringa microphylla Littleleaf Lilac (rhododendron, euonymus, etc.) near infested yews. The Zone 4-7 6-9' x 12' foliage and fruit of yew are toxic to children if ingested, yet the foliage qualifies as a deer candy. Rosy lilac, fragrant, flowers in May to early June. Adaptable, heat tolerant, mildew resistant. Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ Spreading English Yew Zone 5-7 2-4' x 12-15' Syringa patula Manchurian Lilac Zone 4-7 4-8' x equal spread Hardy dwarf, spreading form has pendulous branch tips and dark green needles. Tolerant of high pH but requires Adaptable to various soil conditions, full sun, resistant to good drainage. ‘Adpressa’ is another good, low, shade- powdery mildew. ‘Miss Kim’ is a noteworthy cultivar. loving cultivar.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 27 Taxus cuspidata Japanese Yew Tsuga species Hemlocks Zone 4-7 10-40' x equal spread Zone variable Variable spread Prefers a moist, sandy loam, does not tolerate wet soils for Hemlock wooly adelgid is now a serious pest of both any length of time. Extremely cold hardy. Tsuga canadensis and T. caroliniana throughout southern New England. Hence, we urge caution in the use of these Taxus x media cultivars Yews important landscape species. Left untreated, this pest will Zone 4-7 Variable rapidly kill susceptible hemlocks, but yearly applications of insecticides provide effective control in the landscape. Hybrids of T. baccatta and T. cuspidata resemble T. cuspidata Species resistant to the adelgid include T. diversifolia, in many respects. Common cultivars include: ‘Brownii’, T. heterophylla, T. chinensis, T. mertensia and T. sieboldii. ‘Densiformis’, ‘Hatfieldii’, ‘Hicksii’, ‘Nigra’ and ‘Tauntonii’. While all of these species are being evaluated for regional Prefer moist, sandy loams, not tolerant of wet soil. adaptability, only T. diversifolia and T. heterophylla can be recommended with reasonable confidence at this time. Tetradium danielli Korean Evodia Zone 5-8 25-30' x equal spread Tsuga diversifolia Northern Japanese Hemlock Prefers moist, well-drained soil. pH adaptable and drought Zone 5-7 35-60' x 20-30' tolerant once established; full sun. Small white flowers Slow growing, multi-stemmed tree with dense, dark green in flat-topped clusters in mid summer; attractive to bees. foliage. Prefers moist sites in full sun, easily transplanted. At least one R.I. nursery has been growing this plant Thuja occidentalis American Arborvitae for years, and it appears to be well suited to our climate. Zone 3-7 40'-60' x 10'-15'

Very durable. Can be grown in most conditions and soils. Tsuga heterophylla Western Hemlock Good plant for screens or hedges. Rich green in summer. Zone 6-8 60-80' x 30' Plant cultivars that stay green through winter. Looks very much like Canadian Hemlock. Prefers a humid climate and moist soil. Cold hardiness is marginal in New Thuja plicata Western Arborvitae England; plants from northern Idaho show very slight Zone 5-7 50-70' x 15-25' winter damage, coastal material is probably not hardy here. Moist, fertile soils but tolerant of drier soils; sun/shade; pH Plant hardy stock. adaptable. A fast growing pyramidal tree with bright ever- green leaves and reddish-brown fibrous bark. Large for many landscapes but possible substitute for Eastern Hemlock.

Thujopsis dolobrata Hiba Arborvitae Zone 5-7 30-50' x 10-20' Dense, pyramidal, evergreen with shiny flattened leaves. Prefers moist, acid soil and some shade. Protect from drying winds.

Tilia species Linden T. americana American Linden T. cordata Littleleaf Linden T. tomentosa Silver Linden Zone 4-7 60-80' x 2-3 spread Easily transplanted. Prefer moist, acid, organic soil. Full sun/part shade; pH adaptable. T. americana is particularly suited for naturalizing. T. cordata will tolerate pollution WESTERN HEMLOCK but is more susceptible to aphids. T. tomentosa is shorter, Tsuga heterophylla more sustainable and will tolerate heat and drought. T. tomentosa is recommended for urban and residential plantings.

28 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Ulmus parvifolia Lacebark Elm Viburnum x burkwoodii Burkwood Viburnum Zone 5-9 40-50' x equal spread Zone 5-8 8-10' x 5-7' Adaptable to various soil and pH conditions, good for Semi-evergreen shrub tolerates heat, cold, and air pollu- urban areas, resistant to Dutch elm disease, elm leaf beetle tion. Pink buds and white flowers. Very fragrant. Requires and Japanese beetle. Several new cultivars recently intro- slightly moist, well-drained soil, pH adaptable. duced; excellent bark and foliage. Viburnum carlesii Koreanspice Viburnum Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush Blueberry Viburnum x carlecephalum Fragrant Viburnum Zone 2-5 0.5'-2' x 2' or greater spread Vibernum x juddii Judd Viburnum Zone 5-7 4-5' x 4-8' Does very well in dry, acid, poor soils. Lowbush blueberry is a managed wild crop in Maine. Rounded, dense shrub with pink to reddish buds open white in April-May. Fragrance is outstanding. Prefers well-drained, slightly acid soil and full sun/partial shade. ‘Compactum’ is one of the best dwarf clones with very dark green leaves and resistance to leaf spot. V. x carlecephalum blooms in early May, size 10' x 10'. V. x juddii hardy to Zone 4, also to 10'.

Viburnum cassinoides Witherod Viburnum Zone 3-8 5-6' x equal spread HIGHBUSH Native, dense, rounded shrub. Bronze foliage changes to BLUEBERRY Vaccinium orange-red or purple in fall. Creamy white flowers. Fruit corymbosum changes from green to pink, then red to blue, then black in September. Use in borders or for naturalizing.

Viburnum dentatum Northern Arrowwood Zone 3-8 6-8' x 6-15' Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Zone 3-7 6-12' x 8-12' Native, salt tolerant shrub. Adaptable to various soil condi- tions, sun/shade. Forms large clumps. Native to swamps but does well in dry, acid, poor and sandy soils in full sun or partial shade. Mulch.

Vaccinium macrocarpon American Cranberry Zone 2-6 2-6" x spreading Evergreen groundcover prefers full sun, acid conditions and moist, cool roots. Pinkish flowers in spring and red, cranberry-like fruit in fall.

Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry Zone 2-5 10"x spreading Evergreen, dark green foliage turns mahogany in winter. Flowers are white or pinkish borne in May-June. Prefers full sun, moist, peaty soil. Fruit is dark red. NORTHERN ARROWWOOD Viburnum dentatum Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum Zone 4-8 4-6' x 4' Deciduous, native shrub. Very shade tolerant and excellent for naturalizing. Suckering shrubs can form extensive thickets. Flowers are yellowish-white and fall foliage ranges from pink to rose to red to grape.

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 29 Viburnum dilatatum Linden Viburnum Viburnum sargentii Sargent Viburnum Viburnum wrightii Wright Viburnum Zone 4-7 12-15' x equal spread Zone 5-7 8-10' x equal spread Adaptable to various soil conditions, pH tolerant, full Similar to other viburnums in site preference. White sun/shade; a number of USDA introductions to choose from: flat-topped flower clusters in May, showy red fruit in fall. ‘Onondaga’, ‘Susquehanna’. Attractive red fruit last into pH tolerant. winter.

Viburnum farreri Fragrant Viburnum Viburnum sieboldii Siebold Viburnum Zone 5-8 8-12' x similar spread Zone 4-7 15-20' x 10-15' Early to flower, flower buds may be damaged by late frost. Adaptable to various soil conditions but prefers moist, well- White, fragrant blooms in mid-April. drained soil; pH adaptable, sun/part shade, not particularly drought tolerant. ‘Seneca’ has persistent red fruit. Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum Zone 3-7 15-18' (possibly to 30') x variable spread Viburnum trilobum American Cranberrybush Viburnum Suckers easily to form thicket. Adaptable to a range of Zone 2-7 8-12' x equal width conditions. Tolerates sun to shade. Very durable. A good native shrub or small tree for naturalizing. Adaptable to various soil conditions, easy to grow, full sun/ part shade. Native. Viburnum plicatum Doublefile Viburnum var. tomentosum Weigela florida Zone 5-7 8-10' x 9-12' Weigela Zone 5-8 Prefers moist, well-drained soils and shade, not particularly 6-9' x 9-12' drought tolerant. Lovely bloom along branches in May. Preferred cultivars include ‘Mariesii’ and ‘Shasta’. Quite adaptable but prefers a moist Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum well-drained soil, Zone 3-9 12-15' x 8-12' full sun, tolerates air pollution. Re- Adaptable to various soil conditions, drought tolerant once quires rejuvenation established, sun/part shade. A good native shrub or small pruning to main- tree for naturalizing. tain decent shape; WEIGELA Weigela florida many improved Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Lantanaphyllum cultivars available. Viburnum Early summer Viburnum rhytidophyllum Leatherleaf Viburnum blooming. Zone 4-8 8-10' x equal spread

Evergreen shrubs adaptable Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellowroot to soil conditions, full sun/ Zone 3-9 2-3' x spreading light shade, needs protection Groundcover prefers moist, well-drained soils, tolerates from winter wind. White heavy soils, sun/shade, tolerates dry conditions. flat-topped flower clusters in April followed by black fruit effective in the fall. Dark green leathery leaves persist in the fall. ‘Alle- gheny’ and ‘Willowwood’ are fine selections of V. x rhytidophylloides. LANTANAPHYLLUM V. rhytidophyllum Viburnum x rhytidophylloides shade tolerant and hardy to zone 5.

30 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Index of Common Names

Abelia, Glossy...... Abelia x grandiflora Cherry, Higan ...... Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalist’ Alaska-cedar ...... Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Cherry, Sargent ...... Prunus sargentii Alder, Speckled ...... Alnus rugosa Chokecherry, Amur ...... Prunus maackii Alder, White ...... Alnus incana Chokeberry, Black ...... Aronia melanocarpa Amorpha, Indigobush ...... Amorpha fruticosa Chokeberry, Red ...... Aronia arbutifolia Amorpha, Leadplant...... Amorpha canescens Cinquefoil, Bush ...... Potentilla fruticosa Aralia, Fiveleaf ...... Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Clematis ...... Clematis species Arborvitae, American ...... Thuja occidentalis Clethra, Japanese ...... Clethra barbinervis Arborvitae, Giant / Western ...... Thuja plicata Clethra, Sweet Pepperbush ...... Clethra alnifolia Arborvitae, Russian ...... Microbiota decussata Crabapple ...... Malus species Ash, Green ...... Fraxinus pennsylvanica Cranberry, American ...... Vaccinium macrocarpon Atlantic Whitecedar ...... Chamaecyparis thyoides Coralberry, Chenault ...... Symphoricarpos x chenaultii Azalea ...... Rhododendron species Corktree, Amur ...... Phellodendron amurense Baldcypress...... Taxodium distichum Cotoneaster, Creeping ...... Cotoneaster adpressus Baldcypress, Pond ...... Taxodium ascendens Cotoneaster, Spreading ...... Cotoneaster divaricatus Barberry, Chenault ...... Berberis x chenaultii Cotoneaster, Willowleaf ...... Cotoneaster salicifolius Barberry, Mentor...... Berberis x mentorensis Cowberry ...... Vaccinium vitis-idaea Barberry, Warty ...... Berberis verriculosa Daphne, Burkwood ...... Daphne x burkwoodii Barberry, Wintergreen ...... Berberis julianae Daphne, Caucasian ...... Daphne caucasica Bayberry, Northern ...... Myrica pensylvanica Daphne, Rosé ...... Daphne cneorum Beach Plum ...... Prunus maritima Deutzia, Fuzzy ...... Deutzia scabra Bearberry ...... Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Deutzia, Lemoine...... Deutzia x lemoinei Beautyberry, Purple...... Callicarpa dichotoma Deutzia, Slender ...... Deutzia gracilis Beautybush ...... Kolkwitzia amabilis Disanthus cercilifolius ...... Disanthus cercilifolius Beech, American...... Fagus grandifolia Dogwood, Cornelian-Cherry ...... Cornus mas Beech, European ...... Fagus sylvatica Dogwood, Gray ...... Cornus racemosa Birch, River ...... Betula nigra Dogwood, Hybrid ...... Cornus x ‘Stellar’ series Birch, Sweet...... Betula lenta Dogwood, Japanese Cornel ...... Cornus officinalis Birch, Yellow ...... Betula alleghaniensis Dogwood, Kousa...... Cornus kousa Blueberry, Highbush ...... Vaccinium corymbosum Dogwood, Pagoda ...... Cornus alternifolia Blueberry, Lowbush ...... Vaccinium angustifolium Dove-tree ...... Davidia involucrata Bog Rosemary ...... Andromeda polifolia Dutchman’s Pipe...... Aristolochia macrophylla Boston Ivy, Japanese Creeper .. Parthenocissus tricuspidata Eastern Redbud...... Cercis canadensis Boxwood ...... Buxus microphylla Eastern Red Cedar ...... Juniperus virginiana Boxwood, Common...... Buxus sempervirens Elm, Lacebark ...... Ulmus parvifolia Buckeye, Bottlebrush ...... Aesculus parviflora Enkianthus, Redvein ...... Enkianthus campanulatus Buckeye, Red...... Aesculus pavia Epaulettetree, Fragrant ...... Pterostyrax hispida Carolina Allspice...... Calycanthus floridus Evodia, Korean...... Tetradium daniellii Castor-aralia ...... Kalopanax septemlobus Falsecypress, Hinoki ...... Chamaecyparis obtusa Ceanothus, Inland ...... Ceanothus ovatus Falsecypress, Sawara ...... Chamaecyparis pisifera Ceanothus, New Jersey Tea ...... Ceanothus americanus Filbert, American ...... Corylus americana Cedar, Atlas...... Cedrus atlantica Filbert, Beaked...... Corylus cornuta Cedar, Japanese...... Cryptomeria japonica Filbert, European...... Corylus avellana Cedar of Lebanon ...... Cedrus libani Filbert, Turkish ...... Corylus colurna Cherrylaurel, Common ...... Prunus laurocerasus Fir, Greek ...... Abies cephalonica

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 31 Fir, Cilician ...... Abies cilicica Juniper, Chinese...... Juniperus chinensis Fir, Korean ...... Abies koreana Juniper, Eastern Red Cedar ...... Juniperus virginiana Fir, Nikko ...... Abies homolepis Juniper, Shore ...... Juniperus conferta Fir, Noble ...... Abies procera Katsura Tree ...... Cercidiphyllum japonicum Fir, Veitch...... Abies veitchii Kentucky Coffeetree ...... Gymnocladus dioicus Fir, White ...... Abies concolor Kerria, Japanese ...... Kerria japonica Firethorn, Scarlet ...... Pyracantha coccinea Labrador Tea ...... Ledum groenlandicum Forsythia, Border ...... Forsythia x intermedia Larch, Eastern ...... Larix laricina Forsythia, Weeping ...... F. suspensa Larch, Japanese ...... Larix kaempferi Fothergilla, Dwarf...... Fothergilla gardenii Leatherleaf ...... Chamaedaphne calyculata Fothergilla, Large...... Fothergilla major Leatherwood...... Dirca palustris Franklin Tree...... Franklinia alatamaha Leucothoe ...... Leucothoe species Fringetree, Chinese ...... Chionanthus retusus Lilac, Japanese Tree ...... Syringa reticulata Fringetree, White ...... Chionanthus virginicus Lilac, Littleleaf...... Syringa microphylla Ginkgo or Maidenhair Tree...... Ginkgo biloba Lilac, Manchurian ...... Syringa patula ‘Miss Kim’ Goldenraintree ...... Koelreuteria paniculata Lilac, Meyer ...... Syringa meyeri Golden-larch ...... Pseudolarix amabilis Lindens...... Tilia species Groundsel-bush ...... Baccharis halimifolia Linden, American ...... T. americana Hawthorn, Green ...... Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Linden, Littleleaf ...... T. cordata Hemlocks ...... Tsuga species Linden, Silver ...... T. tomentosa Hemlock, Northern Japanese ...... Tsuga diversifolia Maackia, Amur ...... Maackia amurensis Hemlock, Western...... Tsuga heterophylla Magnolia, Ashe ...... Magnolia ashei Hercules Club...... Aralia spinosa Magnolia, Cucumbertree ...... Magnolia acuminata Hiba arborvitae ...... Thujopsis dolobrata Magnolia, Kobus ...... Magnolia kobus Holly, Blue ...... Ilex x meserveae hybrids Magnolia, Loebner...... Magnolia x loebneri Holly, Finetooth ...... Ilex serrata Magnolia, Oyama ...... Magnolia sieboldii Holly, Inkberry ...... Ilex glabra Magnolia, Saucer ...... Magnolia x soulangiana Holly, Japanese ...... Ilex crenata Magnolia, Star ...... Magnolia kobus var. stellata Holly, Longstalk ...... Ilex pedunculosa Magnolia, Sweetbay...... Magnolia virginiana Holly, Winterberry ...... Ilex verticillata Magnolia, Yulan...... Magnolia denudata Honeylocust, Thornless Common ...... Gleditsia triacanthos Maple, Fullmoon ...... Acer japonicum var. inermis Maple, Hedge ...... Acer campestre Honeysuckle, Dwarf Bush ...... Diervilla sessilifolia Maple, Japanese ...... Acer palmatum Honeysuckle, Trumpet ...... Lonicera sempervirens Maple, Paperbark...... Acer griseum Hornbeam, American ...... Carpinus caroliniana Maple, Purpleblow ...... Acer truncatum Hornbeam, American Hop ...... Ostrya virginiana Maple, Striped ...... Acer pennsylvanicum Hornbeam, European...... Carpinus betulus Maple, Swamp/Red...... Acer rubrum Hoptree ...... Ptelea trifoliata Maple, Tatarian ...... Acer tataricum Hydrangea, Bigleaf ...... Hydrangea macrophylla Maple, Three-flowered...... Acer triflorum Hydrangea, Climbing ... Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris Maple, Trident ...... Acer buergerianum Hydrangea, Oak-leaved ...... Hydrangea quercifolia Mockorange, Sweet ...... Philadelphus species Hydrangea, Panicle ...... Hydrangea paniculata Mountain Holly, Sour Gum ...... Nemopanthus mucronatus Hydrangea, Smooth...... Hydrangea arborescens Mountain-Laurel ...... Kalmia latifolia Japanese Hydrangea-vine .... Schizophragma hydrangeoides Ninebark, Common ...... Physocarpus opulifolius Japanese Pagoda Tree ...... Sophora japonica Oak, Black ...... Quercus velutina Japanese Plum Yew ...... Cephalotaxus harringtonia Oak, Northern Red ...... Quercus rubra Japanese Raisintree ...... Hovenia dulcis Oak, Pin ...... Quercus palustris Japanese Snowbell...... Styrax japonica Oak, Sawtooth...... Quercus acutissima Japanese Umbrella Pine ...... Sciadopitys verticillata Oak, Shingle ...... Quercus imbricaria

32 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Oak, Shumard ...... Quercus shumardii Trumpet Vine ...... Campsis radicans Oak, Swamp White ...... Quercus bicolor Tuliptree ...... Liriodendron tulipifera Oak, White...... Quercus alba Tupelo, Black ...... Nyssa sylvatica Oak, Willow...... Quercus phellos Viburnum, American Cranberrybush .... Viburnum trilobum Oregon Grapeholly...... Mahonia aquifolium Viburnum, Arrowwood ...... Viburnum dentatum Pachysandra, Japanese ...... Pachysandra terminalis Viburnum, Blackhaw ...... Viburnum prunifolium Parrotia, Persian ...... Parrotia persica Viburnum, Burkwood ...... Viburnum x burkwoodii Paxistima, Canby ...... Paxistima canbyi Viburnum, Doublefile ...... Viburnum plicatum Pear, Callery ...... Pyrus calleryana cultivars Viburnum, Fragrant...... Viburnum x carlecephalum Pearlbush, Common...... Exochorda racemosa Viburnum, Fragrant...... Viburnum farreri Pieri, Japanese ...... Pieris japonica Viburnum, Judd ...... Viburnum x Juddii Pieris, Mountain, Fetterbush ...... Pieris floribunda Viburnum, Koreanspice ...... Viburnum carlesii Pine, Eastern White ...... Pinus strobus Viburnum, Lantanaphyllum . Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Pine, Jack ...... Pinus banksiana Viburnum, Leatherleaf ...... Viburnum rhytidophyllum Pine, Japanese White ...... Pinus parviflora Viburnum, Linden ...... Viburnum dilatatum Pine, Korean...... Pinus koraiensis Viburnum, Mapleleaf ...... Viburnum acerifolium Pine, Lacebark ...... Pinus bungeana Viburnum, Nannyberry ...... Viburnum lentago Pine, Swiss Stone ...... Pinus cembra Viburnum, Sargent ...... Viburnum sargentii Redwood, Dawn...... Metasequoia glyptostroboides Viburnum, Siebold ...... Viburnum sieboldii Rhododendron ...... Rhododendron species and cultivars Viburnum, Wayfaring Tree .... Viburnum lantana ‘Mohican’ Rubber Tree, Hardy ...... Eucommia ulmoides Viburnum, Witherod ...... Viburnum cassinoides Quince, Japanese Flowering ...... Chaenomeles japonica Viburnum, Wright ...... Viburnum wrightii Sassafras, Common ...... Sassafras albidum Virginia Creeper...... Parthenocissus quinquefolia Serviceberry, Allegheny ...... Amelanchier laevis Virginia Sweetspire...... Itea virginica Serviceberry, Downy ...... Amelanchier arborea Winterhazel, Fragrant ...... Corylopsis glabrescens Serviceberry, Shadblow ...... Amelanchier canadensis Winterhazel, Spike...... Corylopsis spicata Seven-Son Flower ...... Heptacodium miconioides Witchhazel ...... Hammamelis x intermedia Siberian Peashrub...... Caragana arborescens Witchhazel, Chinese ...... Hammamelis mollis Silverbell, Carolina ...... Halesia tetraptera Witchhazel, Common...... Hammamelis virginiana Silverbell, Mountain ...... Halesia monticola Witchhazel, Vernal...... Hammamelis vernalis Silverbell, Two-winged ...... Halesia diptera Weigela...... Weigela florida Smoketree, American ...... Cotinus obovatus Yellowwood, American ...... Cladrastis kentukea Smoketree, Common...... Cotinus coggygria Yellowroot ...... Xanthorhiza simplicissima Sourwood...... Oxydendrum arboreum Yew ...... Taxus species and cultivars Spicebush ...... Lindera benzoin Yew ...... Taxus x media cultivars Spirea, Bumald ...... Spiraea x bumalda Yew, Japanese...... Taxus cuspidata Spirea, Vanhoutte ...... Spiraea x vanhouttei Yew, Spreading English ...... Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ Spruce, Oriental ...... Picea orientalis Spruce, Serbian ...... Picea omorika Spruce, White ...... Picea glauca Stephanandra, Cutleaf ...... Stephanandra incisa Stewartia, Japanese ...... Stewartia pseudocamellia Stewartia, Korean ...... Stewartia koreana St. Johnswort ...... Hypericum species Sumac, Fragrant...... Rhus aromatica Sumac, Shining ...... Rhus copallina Sweetbox...... Sarcococca hookeriana Sweetgum, American...... Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Fern ...... Comptonia peregrina

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 33 APPENDIX ONE URI Flowering Crabapple Tree Disease Evaluations: 1997

Resistance to Disease

Cedar Apple Powdery Variety Flower/Fruit Shape Ht xWd Comments Apple Scab Fire Blight Rust Mildew

Adams Pink/Purple Round 20x20 3,4 Good Good Excel Good baccata ‘Jackii’ White/Red Round 30x30 Excel * Poor Excel Good Baskatong Red/Dk Red Round 30x30 3 Good Excel Excel Excel Beverly White/Red Upr Spr 25x30 1 Excel * Poor Excel Excel Bob White White/Yel-Red Horiz 20x25 2,4,5 Excel * Fair Excel Good Brandywine Pink/Yellow Upr Spr 20x20 2 Fair Excel Fair Excel Candied Apple Pink/Red Weeping 15x15 3,4 Fair Excel Excel Excel Centurion Red/Red Upr Spr 20x15 3 Good Excel Excel Excel Christmas Holly White/Red Spr 10x12 4 Good Good Excel Excel David White/Red Round 15x15 1 Good Good Excel Excel Dolgo White/Red Upr Spr 30x40 1,2,6 Good Good Excel Excel Donald Wyman White/Red Round 15x15 4 Good * Poor Excel Good floribunda Pink to W/Red Horiz 20x25 2,5 Good * Fair Excel Good Harvest Gold White/Gold Upr 30x15 3,4 Good Excel Excel Excel Henningi White/Orange Upr 25 Good Excel Good Excel Henry Kohankie Pink to W/Red Round 20x20 4 Good Excel Good Excel Hopa Pink/Purple Upr Spr 25x30 2 Poor Excel Excel Excel Indian Magic Pink/Red-Or Round 15x15 1,2,3,4 Fair Excel Good Excel Indian Summer Red/Red Upr Spr 20x20 Good Good Excel Excel Jewelberry White/Red Shrub 12x15 4,5 Good Good Excel Excel Liset Red/Maroon Horiz 15x20 Good Good Excel Good Mary Potter White/Red Shrub 15x30 1,2,3,4,5 Good Good Excel Good Molten Lava White/Red Horiz 15x15 2,3,4,5 Good Good Excel Excel Ormiston Roy White/Red-Or Upr Spr 20x25 4 Good Good Good Excel Pink Spires Pink/Maroon Upright 25 2 Good Good Excel Excel Prairifire Red/Red Upr Spr 20x20 Good Excel Excel Excel Professor Sprenger White/Orange Round 25x25 1,4 Excel Excel Excel Excel Profusion Red/Dk Red Round 15x15 Fair Good Excel Good Radiant Red/Red Upr Spr 25x20 2 Poor Excel Good * Fair Ralph Shay White/Red Upr Spr - 3 Good Excel Excel Good Red Barron Red/Dk Red Narrow 18x10 3 Fair Good Good Excel Red Jade White/Red Weep’g 15x15 Fair * Fair Excel * Fair Red Jewel White/Red Horiz 15x12 4 Fair * Poor Excel Good Red Splendor Pink/Red Upr Spr 25x25 Fair * Fair Good * Fair

34 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Resistance to Disease

Cedar Apple Powdery Variety Flower/Fruit Shape Ht xWd Comments Apple Scab Fire Blight Rust Mildew

Robinson Red/Red Upr Spr 25x25 3 Good Excel Excel Excel Royalty Purple/Purple Upr Spr 15x20 Poor * Poor Excel Excel sargentii White/Red Shrub 8x15 1,2,4,5 Excel Good Excel Excel Selkirk Red/Red Vase 25x25 Fair Good Excel * Fair Sentinel White/Red Upr Spr 15x10 4 Good Good Excel Excel Silver Moon White/Red Upr Spr 25x25 4 Good Poor Excel Good Snowdrift White/Orange Round 20x20 4,5 Good * Fair Excel Excel Strawberry Parfait Pink/Red Vase 20x25 1 Good Excel Excel Excel Sugar Tyme White/Red Round 20x20 1,2,3,4 Good * Fair Excel Excel tschonoskii White/Yellow Pyramid 28x14 3 Good * Poor Excel Excel Velvet Pillar Red/Red Nar Upr 20x14 Fair * Fair Excel Good White Angel White/Gr+Red Upr Spr 20x20 4 Good * Fair Fair Excel White Cascade White/Coral Weeping 15x15 Good Excel Excel Excel Winter Gold White/Yellow Round 25x25 2,4 Fair * Fair Excel Good yunnanensis ‘Veitchii’ W/Brown Narrow 20x10 3 Good * Fair Excel Good zumi ‘Calocarpa’ White/Red Horiz 25x30 2,5 Good * Fair Excel Good

Additional Comments Key to Disease Resistance 1. Flowers lightly in alternate years Excel: No problem with disease 2. Fragrant flowers Good: Some leaves affected 3. Colorful fall foliage Fair: Most leaves affected yet little or no defoliation, 4. Fruit remains on tree thus not a significant problem 5. Birds favor fruit as food Poor: Consistently defoliates in summer 6. Messy fruit drop in midsummer * Apple Scab is the disease of consequence in the Northeast. Although we’ve not seen the potentially lethal fire blight, or the less serious Powdery Mildew, future conditions in the Northeast may favor these diseases.

Please note: this compilation is composed of local data collected over the last 4 years, adjusted with national disease ratings from NCEP/NCIP plantations throughout the country. Marsha Browning & Larry Englander, 1997

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 35 APPENDIX TWO Tree, Shrub and Vine Selections for Demanding Situations

DROUGHT OR DRY SOILS Hydrangea arborescens Spiraea x vanhouttei Abies concolor Hypericum species Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Acer campestre Juniperus chinensis Syringa reticulata Acer ginnala Juniperus conferta Taxodium ascendens Acer tataricum Juniperus virginiana Taxodium distichum Acer truncatum Koelreuteria paniculata Tetradium daniellii Aesculus pavia Kolkwitzia amabilis Thuja plicata Amorpha fruticosa Maackia amurensis Tilia tomentosa Aralia spinosa Malus species Ulmus parvifolia Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Myrica pensylvanica Vaccinium angustifolium Aronia arbutifolia Ostrya virginiana Vaccinium corymbosum Aronia melanocarpa Oxydendrum arboreum Viburnum acerifolium Berberis x mentorensis Parrotia persica Viburnum dentatum Caragana arborescens Parthenocissus quinquifolia Viburnum prunifolium Carpinus betulus Parthenocissus tricuspidata Viburnum rhytidophyllum Ceonothus americanus Phellodendron amurense Viburnum sieboldii Ceonothus ovatus Physocarpus opulifolius Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Cephalotaxus harringtonia Picea omorika Weigela florida Chaenomeles speciosa Picea orientalis Xanthorhiza simplicissima Cladrastus kentukea Pinus banksiana Comptonia peregrina Pinus bungeana WET SOILS OR FLOODING Cornus racemosa Pinus cembra Acer rubrum Corylus americana Pinus koraiensis Aesculus parviflora Corylus colurna Pinus parviflora Aesculus pavia Cotinus coggygria Pinus strobus Alnus incana Cotinus obovatus Potentilla fruticosa Alnus rugosa Cotoneaster adpressus Prunus maritima Amelanchier arborea Cotoneaster divaricatus Prunus sargentii Amelanchier canadensis Cotoneaster salicifolius Pyrus calleryana cultivars Amelanchier laevis Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Quercus acutissima Aronia arbutifolia Diervilla sessilifolia Quercus alba Betula nigra Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Quercus bicolor Calycanthus floridus Eucommia ulmoides Quercus imbricaria Carpinus caroliniana Exochorda racemosa Quercus phellos Cercidiphyllum japonicum Fagus sylvatica Quercus rubra Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Quercus shumardii Chamaecyparis obtusa Ginkgo biloba Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ Chamaecyparis pisifera Gymnocladus dioicus Rhus chinensis Chamaecyparis thyoides Hammamelis mollis Rhus copallina Chamaedaphne calyculata Hammamelis vernalis Sarcococca hookeriana Chionanthus retusus Hammamelis virginiana Sciadopitys verticillata Chionanthus virginicus Hammamelis x intermedia Sophora japonica Clethra alnifolia ‘Arnold Promise’ Spiraea x bumalda ‘Anthony Waterer’ Clethra barbinervis

36 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Cornus racemosa Acer triflorum Ostrya virginiana Dirca palustris Aesculus parviflora Pachysandra procumbens Enkianthus campanulatus Aesculus pavia Pachysandra terminalis Forsythia intermedia Amelanchier arborea Parthenocissus quinquifolia Forsythia suspensa Amelanchier canadensis Parthenocissus tricuspidata Fothergilla gardenii Amelanchier laevis Paxistima canbyi Fothergilla major Andromeda polifolia Pieris floribunda Hydrangea arborescens Aralia spinosa Pieris japonica Hydrangea macrophylla Aristolochia macrophylla Pinus strobus Hydrangea paniculata Carpinus caroliniana Rhododendron species & cultivars Hydrangea quercifolia Cephalotaxus harringtonia Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’ Ilex crenata Chamaecyparis obtusa Styrax japonica Ilex glabra Chionanthus virginicus Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ Ilex pedunculosa Clethra alnifolia Taxus cuspidata Ilex verticillata Clethra barbinervis Taxus x media cultivars Ilex x meserveae hybrids Cornus kousa Thuja plicata Itea virginica Cornus mas Thujopsis dolobrata Kalmia latifolia Cornus officinalis Tsuga diversifolia Kolkwitzia amabilis Cornus racemosa Tsuga heterophylla Larix kaempferi Cotoneaster salicifolius Vaccinium corymbosum Larix laricina Dirca palustris Viburnum acerifolium Ledum groenlandicum Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Viburnum dentatum Lindera benzoin Enkianthus campanulatus Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum Liquidambar styraciflua Fagus grandifolia Viburnum prunifolium Liriodendron tulipifera Fagus sylvatica Viburnum rhytidophyllum Magnolia virginiana Halesia carolina Viburnum sargentii Metasequoia glyptostroboides Halesia diptera Viburnum sieboldii Nemopanthus mucronatus Hammamelis mollis Viburnum trilobum Nyssa sylvatica Hammamelis vernalis Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Phellodendron amurense Hammamelis virginiana Pinus strobus Hammamelis x intermedia SOIL SALT Quercus bicolor ‘Arnold Promise’ Acer campestre Quercus palustris Hydrangea anomala subspecies Acer ginnala Quercus phellos petiolaris Acer griseum Quercus shumardii Hydrangea arborescens Acer palmatum Rhus copallina Hydrangea macrophylla Acer tataricum Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’ Hydrangea paniculata Aesculus parviflora Taxodium ascendens Hydrangea quercifolia Aesculus pavia Taxodium distichum Ilex crenata Amelanchier arborea Thuja occidentalis Ilex glabra Amelanchier canadensis Thuja plicata Ilex pedunculosa Amelanchier laevis Vaccinium angustifolium Ilex verticillata Amorpha fruticosa Vaccinium corymbosum Ilex x meserveae hybrids Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Vaccinium macrocarpon Itea virginica Aronia arbutifolia Vaccinium vitis-idaea Kalmia latifolia Aronia melanocarpa Viburnum dentatum Leucothoe species Baccharis halimifolia Viburnum prunifolium Lindera benzoin Betula nigra Xanthorhiza simplicissima Lonicera sempervirens Campsis radicans Magnolia virginiana Caragana arborescens SHADE Mahonia aquifolium Carpinus caroliniana Abelia x grandiflora Microbiota decussata Cercidiphyllum japonicum Acer ginnala Myrica pensylvanica Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Acer griseum Nemopanthus mucronatus Chamaecyparis obtusa

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 37 Chamaecyparis pisifera Taxus x media cultivars Taxus x media cultivars Chamaecyparis thyoides Thuja occidentalis Ulmus parvifolia Clethra alnifolia Ulmus parvifolia Vaccinium corymbosum Comptonia peregrina Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum dentatum Cotoneaster adpressus Viburnum dentatum Cotoneaster divaricatus Viburnum prunifolium WIND Cotoneaster salicifolius Viburnum sieboldii Abies concolor Diervilla sessilifolia Acer ginnala OCEANSIDE, ROADSIDE OR Fraxinus pennsylvanica Acer truncatum Ginkgo biloba AERIAL SALT Caragana arborescens Hydrangea anomala subspecies Amelanchier canadensis Cephalotaxus harringtonia petiolaris Amorpha fruticosa Chamaecyparis pisifera Hydrangea arborescens Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Comptonia peregrina Hydrangea macrophylla Aronia arbutifolia Cornus racemosa Hydrangea paniculata Aronia melanocarpa Corylus colurna Hydrangea quercifolia Baccharis halimifolia Cotoneaster divaricatus Ilex crenata Campsis radicans Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Ilex glabra Caragana arborescens Diervilla sessilifolia Juniperus chinensis Chamaecyparis pisifera Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Juniperus conferta Clethra alnifolia Eucommia ulmoides Juniperus virginiana Clethra barbinervis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Koelreuteria paniculata Comptonia peregrina Ginkgo biloba Magnolia acuminata Cotoneaster adpressus Gymnocladus dioicus Magnolia kobus Cotoneaster divaricatus Juniperus chinensis Magnolia virginiana Cotoneaster salicifolius Juniperus conferta Magnolia x loebneri Fraxinus pennsylvanica Juniperus virginiana Magnolia x soulangiana Halesia carolina Ledum groenlandicum Myrica pensylvanica Halesia diptera Microbiota decussata Nyssa sylvatica Hydrangea arborescens Myrica pensylvanica Oxydendrum arboreum Hydrangea macrophylla Parrotia persica Parthenocissus quinquifolia Ilex glabra Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Juniperus chinensis Parthenocissus tricuspidata Juniperus conferta Phellodendron amurense Pinus banksiana Juniperus virginiana Potentilla fruticosa Pinus cembra Myrica pensylvanica Prunus maritima Pinus parviflora Nyssa sylvatica Prunus sargentii Potentilla fruticosa Pyracantha coccinea Parthenocissus quinquifolia Prunus maritima Quercus acutissima Parthenocissus tricuspidata Ptelea trifoliata Quercus alba Pieris floribunda Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus bicolor Pinus cembra Quercus alba Quercus rubra Pinus parviflora Quercus bicolor Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ Potentilla fruticosa Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ Rhus chinensis Prunus maritima Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Rhus copallina Pyracantha coccinea Taxodium ascendens Sciadopitys verticillata Quercus alba Taxodium distichum Sophora japonica Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ Vaccinium corymbosum Syringa meyeri Rhus chinensis Syringa microphylla Rhus copallina NATIVE SPECIES Syringa patula Sophora japonica Syringa reticulata Spiraea x bumalda ‘Anthony Waterer’ Acer pensylvanicum Taxodium distichum Spiraea x vanhouttei Acer rubrum Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ Aesculus parviflora Taxus cuspidata Taxus cuspidata Aesculus pavia

38 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Alnus rugosa Ledum groenlandicum Comptonia peregrina Amelanchier arborea Leucothoe species Enkianthus campanulatus Amelanchier canadensis Lindera benzoin Hydrangea macrophylla Amelanchier laevis Liquidambar styraciflua Ilex crenata Amorpha fruticosa Liriodendron tulipifera Ilex glabra Andromeda polifolia Magnolia acuminata Ilex pedunculosa Aralia spinosa Magnolia virginiana Ilex verticillata Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Myrica pensylvanica Ilex x meserveae hybrids Aronia arbutifolia Nemopanthus mucronatus Kalmia latifolia Aronia melanocarpa Nyssa sylvatica Ledum groenlandicum Baccharis halimifolia Ostrya virginiana Leucothoe species Betula alleghanensis Oxydendrum arboreum Myrica pensylvanica Betula alleghaniensis Pachysandra procumbens Nemopanthus mucronatus Betula lenta Parthenocissus quinquifolia Vaccinium angustifolium Betula nigra Paxistima canbyi Vaccinium corymbosum Calycanthus floridus Physocarpus opulifolius Vaccinium macrocarpon Campsis radicans Picea glauca Vaccinium vitis-idaea Carpinus caroliniana Pieris floribunda Ceonothus americanus Pinus banksiana TOLERANT OF pH 5.0 Pinus strobus Ceonothus ovatus Abelia x grandiflora Potentilla fruticosa Cercis canadensis Abies cilicica Prunus maritima Chamaecyparis thyoides Abies concolor Ptelea trifoliata Chamaedaphne calyculata Abies homolepis Quercus alba Chionanthus virginicus Abies veitchii Quercus bicolor Cladrastus kentukea Acer buergerianum Quercus imbricaria Clethra alnifolia Acer rubrum Quercus macrocarpa Comptonia peregrina Acer triflorum Quercus palustris Cornus alternifolia Amelanchier arborea Quercus phellos Cornus racemosa Amelanchier canadensis Quercus rubra Corylus americana Andromeda polifolia Quercus shumardii Cotinus obovatus Aronia arbutifolia Quercus velutina Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Aronia melanocarpa Rhododendron species & cultivars Diervilla sessilifolia Berberis x chenaultii Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ Dirca palustris Carpinus betulus Rhus copallina Fagus grandifolia Carpinus caroliniana Sassafras albidum Fothergilla gardenii Chamaecyparis obtusa Taxodium distichum Fothergilla major Chamaecyparis pisifera Tilia americana Franklinia alatamaha Chionanthus virginicus Vaccinium angustifolium Fraxinus pennsylvanica Clethra alnifolia Vaccinium corymbosum Gymnocladus dioicus Enkianthus campanulatus Vaccinium macrocarpon Halesia carolina Fagus grandifolia Vaccinium vitis-idaea Halesia diptera Fagus sylvatica Viburnum acerifolium Hammamelis vernalis Forsythia intermedia Viburnum cassinoides Hammamelis virginiana Forsythia suspensa Viburnum dentatum Hydrangea arborescens Fothergilla gardenii Viburnum lentago Hydrangea quercifolia Fothergilla major Viburnum prunifolium Hypericum species Franklinia alatamaha Viburnum trilobum Ilex glabra Halesia carolina Xanthorhiza simplicissima Ilex verticillata Halesia diptera Itea virginica Hammamelis mollis Juniperus virginiana TOLERANT OF pH 4.5 OR LOWER Hammamelis vernalis Kalmia latifolia Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Hammamelis virginiana Larix laricina Chamaecyparis thyoides Hammamelis x intermedia

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 39 ‘Arnold Promise’ Amorpha fruticosa Magnolia kobus var. stellata Juniperus virginiana Aralia spinosa Magnolia x loebneri Larix kaempferi Berberis julianae Malus species Larix laricina Berberis verruculosa Ostrya virginiana Magnolia acuminata Berberis x mentorensis Parrotia persica Magnolia kobus var. stellata Buxus microphylla Parthenocissus quinquifolia Magnolia virginiana Buxus sempervirens Parthenocissus tricuspidata Magnolia x soulangiana Caragana arborescens Paxistima canbyi Malus species Carpinus betulus Phellodendron amurense Nemopanthus mucronatus Cedrus atlantica Physocarpus opulifolius Nyssa sylvatica Cercidiphyllum japonicum Picea omorika Ostrya virginiana Cercis canadensis Picea orientalis Oxydendrum arboreum Chionanthus retusus Pieris floribunda Pachysandra procumbens Chionanthus virginicus Pinus bungeana Pachysandra terminalis Cladrastus kentukea Pinus koraiensis Physocarpus opulifolius Clematis species Pinus parviflora Pieris floribunda Cornus kousa Pinus strobus Pinus banksiana Cornus mas Potentilla fruticosa Pinus cembra Cornus officinalis Prunus maackii Pinus koraiensis Cornus racemosa Prunus maritima Pinus strobus Corylus americana Prunus sargentii Pterostyrax hispida Corylus colurna Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ Quercus acutissima Cotinus coggygria Ptelea trifoliata Quercus alba Cotinus obovatus Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus bicolor Cotoneaster adpressus Quercus bicolor Quercus palustris Cotoneaster divaricatus Quercus macrocarpa Quercus phellos Cotoneaster salicifolius Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ Quercus velutina Diervilla sessilifolia Rhus chinensis Rhododendron species & cultivars Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Rhus copallina Sassafras albidum Eucommia ulmoides Sophora japonica Stewartia koreana Forsythia intermedia Sorbus alnifolia Stewartia pseudocamellia Forsythia suspensa Spiraea x bumalda ‘Anthony Waterer’ Styrax japonica Fraxinus pennsylvanica Spiraea x vanhouttei Taxodium ascendens Ginkgo biloba Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’ Taxodium distichum Gymnocladus dioicus Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Viburnum prunifolium Hammamelis vernalis Syringa meyeri Hovenia dulcis Syringa microphylla TOLERANT OF pH 7.5 OR Hydrangea arborescens Syringa patula HIGHER Hydrangea macrophylla Syringa reticulata Abies cilicica Hydrangea paniculata Taxodium distichum Abies concolor Hydrangea quercifolia Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ Acer buergerianum Hypericum species Taxus cuspidata Acer campestre Juniperus chinensis Taxus x media cultivars Acer ginnala Juniperus conferta Tetradium daniellii Acer griseum Juniperus virginiana Ulmus parvifolia Acer palmatum Kalopanax septemlobus Viburnum dentatum Acer tataricum Koelreuteria paniculata Viburnum farreri Aesculus pavia Kolkwitzia amabilis Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum Alnus incana Lonicera sempervirens Viburnum prunifolium Amelanchier arborea Maackia amurensis Viburnum rhytidophyllum Amelanchier canadensis Magnolia acuminata Viburnum sargentii Amelanchier laevis Magnolia kobus Viburnum sieboldii

40 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 Viburnum trilobum Stewartia koreana Parthenocissus tricuspidata Viburnum wrightii Stewartia pseudocamellia Picea omorika Viburnum x juddii Styrax japonica Picea orientalis Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Syringa reticulata Potentilla fruticosa Weigela florida Tetradium daniellii Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus acutissima USEFUL BENEATH POWER TOLERANT OF URBAN Quercus bicolor LINES CONDITIONS Quercus imbricaria Acer buergerianum Abies concolor Quercus palustris Acer campestre Acer buergerianum Quercus phellos Acer ginnala Acer campestre Quercus rubra Acer griseum Acer ginnala Quercus shumardii Acer tataricum Acer tataricum Sophora japonica Acer triflorum Acer triflorum Sorbus alnifolia Acer truncatum Amelanchier canadensis Syringa reticulata Alnus incana Amorpha fruticosa Taxodium ascendens Alnus rugosa Aralia spinosa Taxodium distichum Amelanchier canadensis Baccharis halimifolia Taxus cuspidata Amelanchier laevis Betula nigra Tilia cordata Carpinus caroliniana Caragana arborescens Tilia tomentosa Cercis canadensis Carpinus betulus Ulmus parvifolia Chionanthus retusus Carpinus caroliniana Weigela florida Cornus kousa Cedrus atlantica Cornus mas Cephalotaxus harringtonia Cornus officinalis Cercidiphyllum japonicum Cotinus coggygria Corylus colurna Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Cotinus coggygria Enkianthus campanulatus Cotinus obovatus Halesia carolina Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ Halesia diptera Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Hammamelis mollis Eucommia ulmoides Hammamelis vernalis Forsythia intermedia Hammamelis virginiana Forsythia suspensa Hammamelis x intermedia Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Arnold Promise’ Ginkgo biloba Hovenia dulcis Gymnocladus dioicus Koelreuteria paniculata Hammamelis virginiana Maackia amurensis Hydrangea paniculata Magnolia kobus var. stellata Ilex crenata Magnolia virginiana Juniperus chinensis Magnolia x loebneri Juniperus conferta Magnolia x soulangiana Juniperus virginiana Malus species Koelreuteria paniculata Ostrya virginiana Maackia amurensis Parrotia persica Magnolia kobus var. stellata Prunus maackii Magnolia x loebneri Prunus maritima Magnolia x soulangiana Prunus sargentii Malus species Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ Nyssa sylvatica Ptelea trifoliata Ostrya virginiana Pterostyrax hispida Pachysandra terminalis Pyrus calleryana cultivars Parrotia persica Sorbus alnifolia Parthenocissus quinquifolia

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 41 APPENDIX THREE Cross-reference for Demanding Situations

SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT Abelia x grandiflora x x Abies cilicica xx Abies concolor xxxxx Abies homolepis x Abies veitchii x Acer buergerianum xxxx Acer campestre xx x xx Acer ginnala xx xx xxx Acer griseum x xxxx Acer palmatum xx Acer pensylvanicum x Acer rubrum xxx x Acer tataricum xx x xx Acer triflorum xxxx Acer truncatum xx x Aesculus parviflora x xxx x Aesculus pavia x x xxxx x Alnus incana xx x Alnus rugosa xx x Amelanchier arborea x xxx x x Amelanchier canadensis xxx xxx xx x Amelanchier laevis xx xx x x Amorpha fruticosa xxxxxx Andromeda polifolia xxx Aralia spinosa xx xxx Arctostaphylos uva-ursi x xxx xx Aristolochia macrophylla x Aronia arbutifolia xxxx x x Aronia melanocarpa xxxx x Baccharis halimifolia xx xx Berberis julianae x Berberis verriculosa x

42 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT

Berberis x chenaultii x Berberis x mentorensis xx Betula alleghanensis x Betula lenta x Betula nigra x xxx x Buxus sempervirens x Calycanthus floridus xx Campsis radicans xx x Caragana arborescens xxxxxx Carpinus betulus x xxxx Carpinus caroliniana xx x xxxx x Cedrus atlantica xxx Cedrus libani x Ceonothus species xx Cephalotaxus harringtonia xxxx Cercidiphyllum japonicum x xxx x Cercis canadensis xx x Chaenomeles speciosa x Chamaecyparis nootkatensis xx Chamaecyparis obtusa xxx x Chamaecyparis pisifera xx xxx Chamaecyparis thyoides xx x x Chamaedaphne calyculata xx Chionanthus retusus xxxx Chionanthus virginicus x xxxx x Cladrastus kentukea xx xx Clematis species x Clethra alnifolia xxxxxx Clethra barbinervis xx x Comptonia peregrina x xxx x x Cornus alternifolia x Cornus kousa xxx Cornus mas xxx Cornus officinalis xxx

DR = drought or dry soils OC = oceanside, roadside P75 = tolerant of pH 7.5 SS = soil salt LO = useful beneath or aerial salt or higher UR = urban conditions powerlines P45 = tolerant of pH 4.5 SH = shade WI = wind NA = native species or below SP = best planted in spring WT = wet soils or flooding P50 = tolerant of pH 5.0

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 43 SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT

Cornus racemosa x x xx xx Corylus colurna xxxx Cotinus coggygria xx x x Cotinus obovatus xxxx Cotoneaster adpressus xxxx Cotoneaster divaricatus xxxxx Cotoneaster salicifolius xxxxx Cratageus viridis ‘Winter King’ xxxxxx Daphne species x Diervilla sessilifolia xx x xx Dirca palustris xxx Eleutherococcus sieboldianus xxxxx Enkianthus campanulatus xxxx x Eucommia ulmoides xxxx Exochorda racemosa xx Fagus grandifolia xxxx Fagus sylvatica xxxx Forsythia intermedia xx x x Forsythia suspensa xx x x Fothergilla gardenii xx x Fothergilla major xx x Franklinia alatamaha xx Fraxinus pennsylvanica x xx x xxx Ginkgo biloba x x xxx Gymnocladus dioicus xxxxx Halesia carolina xxxxxx Halesia diptera xxxxxx Hammamelis mollis xx x x Hammamelis vernalis xxx xxx Hammamelis virginiana xxx x x x Hammamelis x intermedia ‘Arnold Promise’ xx x x Hovenia dulcis xx Hydrangea anomala subspecies petiolaris xx Hydrangea arborescens xxxxxxx Hydrangea macrophylla xx xx x x Hydrangea paniculata xx xx x Hydrangea quercifolia xxxxx Hypericum species xx x

44 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT

Ilex crenata x xxxx x Ilex glabra xxx xxx x Ilex pedunculosa xxxx Ilex verticillata xx xx x Ilex x meserveae hybrids xxxx Itea virginica xxx Juniperus chinensis xxxxxx Juniperus conferta xxxxxx Juniperus virginiana xxxxxxxx Kalmia angustifolia xx xx x Kalmia latifolia xx xx x Kalopanax septemlobus x Koelreuteria paniculata xx x xxx Kolkwitzia amabilis xxx Larix kaempferi xx Larix laricina xx x Ledum groenlandicum xx xx Leucothoe species xx x Lindera benzoin xxxx Liquidambar styraciflua xxx Liriodendron tulipifera xxx Lonicera sempervirens xx Maackia amurensis xx x x Magnolia acuminata xxxxx Magnolia kobus xxx Magnolia kobus var. stellata x xxxx Magnolia virginiana xx x xxx x Magnolia x loebneri x x xxx Magnolia x soulangiana x x xxx Mahonia aquifolium x Malus species xx xx x x Metasequoia glyptostroboides x Microbiota decussata xx Myrica pensylvanica xxxxxxx

DR = drought or dry soils OC = oceanside, roadside P75 = tolerant of pH 7.5 SS = soil salt LO = useful beneath or aerial salt or higher UR = urban conditions powerlines P45 = tolerant of pH 4.5 SH = shade WI = wind NA = native species or below SP = best planted in spring WT = wet soils or flooding P50 = tolerant of pH 5.0

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 45 SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT Nemopanthus mucronatus xxx x Nyssa sylvatica xx x xxx x Ostrya virginiana xxx xxxx x Oxydendrum arboreum xx x x Pachysandra procumbens xxx Pachysandra terminalis xx x Parrotia persica xx xxxx Parthenocissus quinquifolia xxxxxxxx Parthenocissus tricuspidata xxxxxxx Paxistima canbyi xxx Phellodendron amurense x xxx Physocarpus opulifolius xx xx Picea glauca x Picea omorika xxx Picea orientalis xxx Pieris floribunda xx xxx Pieris japonica x Pinus banksiana xx x x Pinus bungeana xx Pinus cembra xxx x Pinus koraiensis xxx Pinus parviflora xxx x Pinus strobus x x xxx x Potentilla fruticosa x xx x xxx Prunus maackii xx Prunus maritima xxxx x x x Prunus sargentii xx x x Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ xx Ptelea trifoliata xx x x Pterostyrax hispida xx Pyracantha coccinea xx Pyrus calleryana cultivars xx xxxx Quercus acutissima x x xxx Quercus alba xxxxxxx Quercus bicolor x x xx xxxxx Quercus imbricaria xx x Quercus macrocarpa xxx Quercus palustris xx xx

46 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT

Quercus phellos xx xxxxx Quercus rubra x x x xxx Quercus shumardii xx xx Quercus velutina xxx Rhododendron species & cultivars xxxx Rhodotypos scandens x Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ xxxxxx Rhus chinensis xxxx Rhus copallina xxxxxx Sarcococca hookeriana x Sassafras albidum xxx Sciadopitys verticillata xx Sophora japonica xxxxx Sorbus alnifolia xxx Spiraea x bumalda ‘Anthony Waterer’ xxx Spiraea x vanhouttei xxx Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’ xx x Stewartia koreana xxx Stewartia pseudocamellia xxx Styrax japonica xxx Symphoricarpos x chenaulti xxx Syringa meyeri xx Syringa microphylla xx Syringa patula xx Syringa reticulata xx x xx Taxodium ascendens x x xxx Taxodium distichum x x xx xxxx Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ xxxx Taxus cuspidata xxxxx Taxus x media cultivars xxxx Tetradium daniellii xx x Thuja occidentalis xx Thuja plicata xxx Thujopsis dolobrata x

DR = drought or dry soils OC = oceanside, roadside P75 = tolerant of pH 7.5 SS = soil salt LO = useful beneath or aerial salt or higher UR = urban conditions powerlines P45 = tolerant of pH 4.5 SH = shade WI = wind NA = native species or below SP = best planted in spring WT = wet soils or flooding P50 = tolerant of pH 5.0

SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999 47 SPECIES DR LO NA OC P45 P50 P75 SH SP SS UR WI WT

Tilia americana x Tilia cordata x Tilia tomentosa xx Tsuga diversifolia x Tsuga heterophylla x Ulmus parvifolia xxxxx Vaccinium angustifolium xxx x Vaccinium corymbosum xxxxxxxx Vaccinium macrocarpon xx x Vaccinium vitis-idaea xx x Viburnum acerifolium xx x Viburnum cassinoides x Viburnum dentatum xxxxxxx Viburnum farreri x Viburnum lentago x Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum xx Viburnum prunifolium x x xxx x x Viburnum rhytidophyllum xxx Viburnum sargentii xx Viburnum sieboldii xxxx Viburnum trilobum xxx Viburnum wrightii x Viburnum x juddii x Viburnum x rhytidophylloides xxx Weigela florida xxx Xanthorhiza simplicissima xx x

DR = drought or dry soils OC = oceanside, roadside P75 = tolerant of pH 7.5 SS = soil salt LO = useful beneath or aerial salt or higher UR = urban conditions powerlines P45 = tolerant of pH 4.5 SH = shade WI = wind NA = native species or below SP = best planted in spring WT = wet soils or flooding P50 = tolerant of pH 5.0

48 SUSTAINABLE PLANT LIST · THIRD EDITION · 1999