Wisconsin Magazine of History

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wisconsin Magazine of History (ISSN 0043-6534) WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY The State Historical Society oJ Wisconsin • Vol. 79, No. 3 • Spring, 1996 ..}.**. •-.•'••* • c-.<>>i : '>»4i,-..';,-...*fc*i ^%-! fe m^^ \^:- <4'3%>-^ -^^^ •r^ THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN H. NicHOiAS MULLER III, Director Officers GLENN R. C^OATEES, President RICHARD H. HOLSCHER, Treasurer GERALD D. VISTE, First Vice-President H. NiciioiAS MULLER III, Secretary PATRICIA A. B<H;E, Second Vice-Presidenl The State Historical Society of Wisconsin is both a state agency and a private membership organization. Foimded in 1846—two years before statehood—and chartered in 18.53, it is the oldest American historical society to receive continiioirs public funding. By statute, it is charged with collecting, advancing, and disseminating knowledge ofWisconsin and ofthe trans-Allegheny West. The Society serves as the archive ofthe State ofWisconsin; it collects all manner of books, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, relics, newspapers, and aural and graphic materials as they relate to North America; it.maintains a mnseinn, library, and research facility in Madison as well as a statewide system of historic sites, school services, area research centers, and affiliated local societies; it administers a broad program of historic preservation; and publishes a wide variety of historical materials, both scholarly and popular. Membership in the Society is open to the public. Individual membership (one person) is $27..50. Senior Citizen Individualmeinhership is $22.50. FnmiVy membership is $.32.50. .Senior Citizen /•ami/v membership is $27.50. .Supporting-membership is $100. Sustainingmetnherfihip is $250. A Patron contributes $500 or more. /,i/gmembership (one person) is $1,000. Membership in the Friends ofthe SHSW is open to the public. Individualthemhership (one person) is $20. Family membership is $.30. The Society is governed by a Bo'ard of Curators which includes twenty-four elected members, the Governor or designee, three appointees ofthe Governor, a legislator from the majority and minority from each hoirse, and ex officio, the President of the University ofWisconsin System, the President ofthe Friends ofthe State Historical Society, the President ofthe Wisconsin History Foundation, Inc., and the President of the Administrative Committee of the Wisconsin Council for Local History. A complete listing of the Curators appears inside the back cover. The Society is headquartered at 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1488, at the juncture of Langdon and Park streets on the University of Wisconsin campus. The State Historical Museum is located at ,30 North Carroll Street. A partial listing of phone numbers (Area Code 608) follows: General Admhiistration 264-6400 Hours ol operation 264-6588 Affiliated local societies 264-6.583 Institutional advancement 264-6.585 Archives reading room 264-6460 Library Circulation desk 264-65.34 Contribution of manuscript materials 264-6477 Maps 264-64.58 Development 264^589 Membership 264-6.587 Editorial offices 264-6461 Microforms reading room 264-65.36 Fax 264-6404 Mu.seum U)urs 264-6555 Film collections 264-6470 Newspaper reference 264-6531 Genealogical and general reference inquiries 264-65.35 Picture and sound collections 264-6470 (iovernment publications and reference 264-6.525 Public Information office 264-6.586 Historic preservation 264-6.500 School services 264-6579 Historic sites 264-6586 Archives Division http://www.wisc.edu/shs-archives OiV rut: co\r.R: Sand Island shoreline. Apostle Islands National iMkeshore. Photo by William H. Tishler, 1981. Volume 79, Number 3 / Spring, 1996 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Published quarterly by the State Historical Society ofWisconsin, 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin Farming the Lake Superior Shore: 5.3706-1488. Agriculture and Horticulture Distributed to members as part of on the Apostle Islands, 1840-1940 163 their dues. Individual membership, $27.50; senior citizen individual, $22.50; family, $32.50; Arnold R. Alanen and William H. Tishler senior citizen family, $27.50; supporting, $100; sustaining, $250; patron, $500 or more; life (one person), $1,000. Single numbers 'The Padre at the Front": from Volume 57 forward are $5 plus postage. Microfilmed copies The World War 1 Letters of available through University Chaplain Walter Beaudette 204 Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. Sean Patrick Adams and Michael E. Stevens Communications should be addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by contributors. Second-class postage paid at Book Reviews 229 Madison, Wisconsin. POSTMASTER: Send address Book Review Index 248 changes to Wisconsin Magazine of History, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1488. Copyright © 1996 by Wisconsin History Checklist 249 the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Accessions 251 The Wisconsin Magazine of History is indexed annually by the editors; Contributors 254 cumulative indexes are assembled decennially. In addition, articles are abstracted and indexed in America: History and Life, Historical Abstracts, Index to Literature on ttie American Indian, and the Combined Editor Retrospective Index to Journals in Histmy, 1838-1974. PAUL H. HASS Associate Editors Photographs identified with WHi negative numbers are from the WILLIAM C. MARTEN Historical Societv's collections. JOHN O. HOLZHUETER Looking out from the Sand Island Lighthouse, 1981. Photo hy William H. Tishler. 162 Farming the Lake Superior Shore: Agriculture and Horticulture on the Apostle Islands, 1840-1940 By Arnold R. Alanen and William H. Tishler F the twenty-two landforms in Lake attempt to farm the islands. Almost for­ O Superior that comprise the Apostle gotten are the farms and orchards that Islands archipelago, only the history of emerged on several of the Apostles—even Madeline Island—including its imprint though the genesis of these endeavors of Indian, French, British, and American may be traced back several centuries to cultures—is relatively well documented. the native Americans who inhabited the Studies that provide overviews ofthe other area. Some white farming practices were twenty-one islands, all of which now con­ introduced to the islands following the stitute the Apostle Islands National arrival of Jesuit missionaries and French Lakeshore, are limited in number. fur traders in the 1600's, but it was the Of the wide variety of human activities that took place on the other islands, in­ cluding fishing, logging, brownstone quar­ rying, lighthouse tending, and tourism, ' For examples of Apostle Islands' studies that feature Madeline Island and La Pointe, see Hamilton many were seasonal in nature, or else Nelson Ross, La Pointe: Village Outpost (Ann Arbor, occurred over the span of a few years 1960) andjohn O. Holzheuter, Madeline Island and only.' And next to nothing has been writ­ the Chequamegon Region (Madison, 1974). Publica­ ten about the sporadic but century-long tions and reports about islands other than Madeline generally have been devoted to fishing, logging, brownstone quarrying, and recreation. See, for ex­ ample. National Park Service, Family-Managed Com­ mercial Fishing in the Apostle Islands during the 20th AuTHOR.s' xoiK: For the assistance they provided, we Century, with Background Information on Commercial especially wish to thank David Snyder and Kate Fishing on Lake Superior (Denver, 1985); Jeffrey J. Lidfors, respectively the present and former staff Richner, An Archeological Evaluation ofthe Trout Point historians for the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. Logging Camp {hincoln, 1986); Charles Twining, "The George F. Thompson's help in the field and archives Apostle Islands and the Lumbering Frontier," in the was invaluable, as were the contributions of Carol Wisconsin Magazine of History, 66:91-111 (Spring Ahlgren, Linda and Marit Alanen, Barry Gore, Susan 1983); Kathryn B. Eckert, "The Sandstone Architec­ O. Haswell, and Sheree Peterson. We also are in­ ture ofthe Lake Superior Region" (doctoral disser­ debted to a number of people who shared their tation. University of Michigan, 1982); and Martha personal recollections ofthe Apostle Islands with us. Neuman, ""What Are Those Cabins Doing There? Grants from the Eastern Park and Monument A.sso­ History and Resource Management at Aposdes Is­ ciation provided funds to undertake a portion ofthe lands National Lakeshore" (master's thesis. Univer­ background research that underlies this article. sity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993). 163 Copyright © 1996 by the State Historical Society ofWisconsin W\ rights of reproduction in nnv form reset^'cd. LAKE S U P E R i O R South Twin I. North Twin 1. Iron wood i. Bear 1 (|iA ^ ^ York I, Ki OttdTp S3 v^^ iXo Raspberry I. W^LHtJe Manitou L X_} ^ ^O^ JO-ManHou I, s /Stockton I. 6^ oGulll. Hermit L C^Jv^Basswood I. iiC Michigart L Red Ch BAYFIELD 15^ Washburn Barksdale ASHLAND • FARMSTEAD t * LIGHTHOUSE N MaphyRohcrlaCotiillaul 164 ALANEN/TISHLER: .\po.srLK ISLANDS first century of statehood, from the early called "lake effect." Because of its ma.s- 1840's to the 1940's, that mark the period sive surface (almost 32,000 square miles), of most active agricultural development. Lake Superior retains some summertime Today, all but the ruinous foundations of warmth well into the autumn, thereby a few farm buildings are gone, the fences delaying the onset of the first killing and rock walls have disappeared, the pas­ frost on adjacent land areas. By the mid- tures and orchards are overgrown with nineteenth century, local observers noted brush,
Recommended publications
  • WLSSB Map and Guide
    WISCONSIN LAKE SUPERIOR SCENIC BYWAY (WLSSB) DEVILS ISLAND NORTH TWIN ISLAND MAP KEY ROCKY ISLAND SOUTH TWIN ISLAND CAT ISLAND WISCONSIN LAKE SUPERIOR SCENIC BYWAY APOSTLE ISLANDS BEAR ISLAND NATIONAL LAKESHORE KIOSK LOCATION IRONWOOD ISLAND SCENIC BYWAY NEAR HERBSTER SAILING ON LAKE SUPERIOR LOST CREEK FALLS KIOSKS CONTAIN DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT EACH LOCATION SAND ISLAND VISITOR INFORMATION OUTER ISLAND YORK ISLAND SEE REVERSE FOR COMPLETE LIST µ OTTER ISLAND FEDERAL HIGHWAY MANITOU ISLAND RASPBERRY ISLAND STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY HIGHWAY 7 EAGLE ISLAND NATIONAL PARKS ICE CAVES AT MEYERS BEACH BAYFIELD PENINSULA AND THE APOSTLE ISLANDS FROM MT. ASHWABAY & NATIONAL FOREST LANDS well as a Heritage Museum and a Maritime Museum. Pick up Just across the street is the downtown area with a kayak STATE PARKS K OAK ISLAND STOCKTON ISLAND some fresh or smoked fish from a commercial fishery for a outfitter, restaurants, more lodging and a historic general & STATE FOREST LANDS 6 GULL ISLAND taste of Lake Superior or enjoy local flavors at one of the area store that has a little bit of everything - just like in the “old (!13! RED CLIFF restaurants. If you’re brave, try the whitefish livers – they’re a days,” but with a modern flair. Just off the Byway you can MEYERS BEACH COUNTY PARKS INDIAN RESERVATION local specialty! visit two popular waterfalls: Siskiwit Falls and Lost Creek & COUNTY FOREST LANDS Falls. West of Cornucopia you will find the Lost Creek Bog HERMIT ISLAND Walk the Brownstone Trail along an old railroad grade or CORNUCOPIA State Natural Area. Lost Creek Bog forms an estuary at the take the Gil Larson Nature Trail (part of the Big Ravine Trail MICHIGAN ISLAND mouths of three small creeks (Lost Creek 1, 2, and 3) where System) which starts by a historic apple shed, continues RESERVATION LANDS they empty into Lake Superior at Siskiwit Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Apostle Islands National Lakehore Geologic Resources Inventory
    Geologic Resources Inventory Scoping Summary Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Geologic Resources Division Prepared by Trista L. Thornberry-Ehrlich National Park Service August 7, 2010 US Department of the Interior The Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides each of 270 identified natural area National Park System units with a geologic scoping meeting and summary (this document), a digital geologic map, and a geologic resources inventory report. The purpose of scoping is to identify geologic mapping coverage and needs, distinctive geologic processes and features, resource management issues, and monitoring and research needs. Geologic scoping meetings generate an evaluation of the adequacy of existing geologic maps for resource management, provide an opportunity to discuss park-specific geologic management issues, and if possible include a site visit with local experts. The National Park Service held a GRI scoping meeting for Apostle Islands National Lakeshore on July 20-21, 2010 both out in the field on a boating site visit from Bayfield, Wisconsin, and at the headquarters building for the Great Lakes Network in Ashland, Wisconsin. Jim Chappell (Colorado State University [CSU]) facilitated the discussion of map coverage and Bruce Heise (NPS-GRD) led the discussion regarding geologic processes and features at the park. Dick Ojakangas from the University of Minnesota at Duluth and Laurel Woodruff from the U.S. Geological Survey presented brief geologic overviews of the park and surrounding area. Participants at the meeting included NPS staff from the park and Geologic Resources Division; geologists from the University of Minnesota at Duluth, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, and U.S. Geological Survey; and cooperators from Colorado State University (see table 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Erosion Control at Outer Island Light Station, Revised Environmental
    EROSION CONTROL AT OUTER ISLAND LIGHT STATION REVISED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Apostle Island National Lakeshore, Wisconsin NPS Contract Number: 1443-CX-2000-99-003 Task Order Number: T20009900328 April 2003 Prepared By: WOOLPERT LLP NATIONAL PARK SERVICE EROSION CONTROL AT OUTER ISLAND LIGHT STATION REVISED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Prepared By: Woolpert LLP 409 East Monument Avenue Dayton, Ohio 45402 April 2003 Outer Island Environmental Assessment 1 4/03 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Purpose and Need........................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Background .................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Project Background and Scope ......................................................................... 3 2.2 Relationship to Other Actions and Plans........................................................... 4 2.3 Issues................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Compliance with Federal or State Regulations ................................................. 4 3.0 Alternatives .................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Actions Common to All Alternatives................................................................ 13 3.2 Alternatives ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Apostle Islands National Seashore
    Apostle Islands National Seashore David Speer & Phillip Larson October 2nd Fieldtrip Report Table of Contents Introduction 1 Stop 1: Apostle Island Boat Cruise 1 Stop 2: Coastal Geomorphology 5 Stop 3: Apostle Islands National Seashore Headquarters 12 Stop 4: Northern Great Lakes Visitors Center 13 Stop 5: Montreal River 16 Stop 6: Conclusion 17 Bibliography 18 Introduction: On October 2nd, 2006, I and the other Geomorphology students took a field excursion to the Apostle Islands and the south shore of Lake Superior. On this trip we made five stops along our journey where we noted various geomorphic features and landscapes of the Lake Superior region. We reached the south coast of Lake Superior in Bayfield, Wisconsin at around 10:00am. Here we made our first stop which included the entire boat trip we took which navigated through the various islands in the Apostle Island National Lakeshore. Our second stop was a beach on the shore of Lake Superior where we noted active anthropogenic and environmental changes to a shoreline. Stop three was at the visitor center for the Apostle Island National Lakeshore where we heard a short talk by the resident park ranger as he explained some of the unique features of the islands and why they should be protected. After that we proceeded to our fourth stop which was at the Northern Great Lakes Visitor Center. Here we learned, through various displays and videos, how the region had been impacted by various events over time. Finally our fifth stop was at the point where the Montreal River emptied into Lake Superior (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • 22 AUG 2021 Index Acadia Rock 14967
    19 SEP 2021 Index 543 Au Sable Point 14863 �� � � � � 324, 331 Belle Isle 14976 � � � � � � � � � 493 Au Sable Point 14962, 14963 �� � � � 468 Belle Isle, MI 14853, 14848 � � � � � 290 Index Au Sable River 14863 � � � � � � � 331 Belle River 14850� � � � � � � � � 301 Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Res- Belle River 14852, 14853� � � � � � 308 cue System (AMVER)� � � � � 13 Bellevue Island 14882 �� � � � � � � 346 Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids Bellow Island 14913 � � � � � � � 363 A to Navigation � � � � � � � � 12 Belmont Harbor 14926, 14928 � � � 407 Au Train Bay 14963 � � � � � � � � 469 Benson Landing 14784 � � � � � � 500 Acadia Rock 14967, 14968 � � � � � 491 Au Train Island 14963 � � � � � � � 469 Benton Harbor, MI 14930 � � � � � 381 Adams Point 14864, 14880 �� � � � � 336 Au Train Point 14969 � � � � � � � 469 Bete Grise Bay 14964 � � � � � � � 475 Agate Bay 14966 �� � � � � � � � � 488 Avon Point 14826� � � � � � � � � 259 Betsie Lake 14907 � � � � � � � � 368 Agate Harbor 14964� � � � � � � � 476 Betsie River 14907 � � � � � � � � 368 Agriculture, Department of� � � � 24, 536 B Biddle Point 14881 �� � � � � � � � 344 Ahnapee River 14910 � � � � � � � 423 Biddle Point 14911 �� � � � � � � � 444 Aids to navigation � � � � � � � � � 10 Big Bay 14932 �� � � � � � � � � � 379 Baby Point 14852� � � � � � � � � 306 Air Almanac � � � � � � � � � � � 533 Big Bay 14963, 14964 �� � � � � � � 471 Bad River 14863, 14867 � � � � � � 327 Alabaster, MI 14863 � � � � � � � � 330 Big Bay 14967 �� � � � � � � � � � 490 Baileys
    [Show full text]
  • The Archeological Investigation of Four Lighthouse Complexes at the Western End of Lake Superior: the 1988 Testing Program Withi~Postle Islands National Lakeshore
    ()-/~'7 The Archeological Investigation of Four Lighthouse Complexes at the Western End of lake Superior: The 1988 Testing Program Withi~postle Islands National lakeshore National Park Service Midwest Archeological Center Ie PLEAS: I\ZTurm TO: TECHN1Cfil 1~!r-0:1MAT!O;l c::: :-:-:.::1 DENVC1 S:::;-:"":::: c;:::--;::1 ON M1CROF!Lf,l B&WScans r~i~TIO;~f~L f;~~:' ~Z~'J:C2 z .J'-t~ZO~5 -- --~~~------- ----~---- b - ----- ------------ THE ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FOUR LIGHTHOUSE COMPLEXES AT THE WESTERN END OF LAKE SUPERIOR: THE 1988 TESTING PROGRAM WITHIN APOSTLE ISLANDS NATIONAL LAKESHORE By Vergil E. Noble Midwest Archeological Center Technical Report No.8 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Midwest Archeological Center Lincoln, Nebraska 1993 Ie ------ -- -- - -- --_.- - ----------------------------- --- ----- ABSTRACT During June and July of 1988, archeologists from the Midwest Archeological Center performed limited testing at four historic lighthouse complexes within Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. The lighthouses, which still protect shipping at the western end of Lake Superior, were scheduled for exterior restoration work. Specifically, immediate plans called for the installation of drainage systems about certain structures on Sand Island, Michigan Island, Outer Island, and Devils Island to mitigate continuing ground water damage to their foundations. Archeological investigations sought to assess the potential impacts to cultural resources in those areas of the light stations that would be disturbed by proposed developments. Shovel probes and controlled test excavations were used to examine the proposed drain alignments, as well as construction staging areas. No significant cultural resources were discovered during the five-week project that would warrant modification of the drainage systems or further archeological excavation prior to construction of these improvements.
    [Show full text]
  • Acknowledgements
    Acknowledgements The County Comprehensive Planning Committee Ashland County Staff Gary Mertig Jeff Beirl George Mika Tom Fratt Charles Ortman Larry Hildebrandt Joe Rose Emmer Shields Pete Russo, Chair Cyndi Zach Jerry Teague Natalie Cotter Donna Williamson Brittany Goudos-Weisbecker UW-Extension Ashland County Technical Advisory Committee Tom Wojciechowski Alison Volk, DATCP Amy Tromberg Katy Vosberg, DATCP Jason Fischbach Coreen Fallat, DATCP Rebecca Butterworth Carl Beckman, USDA – FSA Haley Hoffman Gary Haughn, USDA – NRCS Travis Sherlin Nancy Larson, WDNR Stewart Schmidt Tom Waby, BART Funded in part by: Funded in part by the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office for Coastal Management Under the Coastal Zone Management Act, Grant #NA15NOS4190094. Cover Page Photo Credit: Ashland County Staff Table of Contents: Background Section Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1-1 Housing ................................................................................................................................................ 2-6 Transportation .................................................................................................................................. 3-24 Utilities & Community Facilities ..................................................................................................... 4-40 Agricultural, Natural & Cultural Resources ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lighthouses – Clippings
    GREAT LAKES MARINE COLLECTION MILWAUKEE PUBLIC LIBRARY/WISCONSIN MARINE HISTORICAL SOCIETY MARINE SUBJECT FILES LIGHTHOUSE CLIPPINGS Current as of November 7, 2018 LIGHTHOUSE NAME – STATE - LAKE – FILE LOCATION Algoma Pierhead Light – Wisconsin – Lake Michigan - Algoma Alpena Light – Michigan – Lake Huron - Alpena Apostle Islands Lights – Wisconsin – Lake Superior - Apostle Islands Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light – Wisconsin – Lake Superior - Ashland Ashtabula Harbor Light – Ohio – Lake Erie - Ashtabula Badgeley Island – Ontario – Georgian Bay, Lake Huron – Badgeley Island Bailey’s Harbor Light – Wisconsin – Lake Michigan – Bailey’s Harbor, Door County Bailey’s Harbor Range Lights – Wisconsin – Lake Michigan – Bailey’s Harbor, Door County Bala Light – Ontario – Lake Muskoka – Muskoka Lakes Bar Point Shoal Light – Michigan – Lake Erie – Detroit River Baraga (Escanaba) (Sand Point) Light – Michigan – Lake Michigan – Sand Point Barber’s Point Light (Old) – New York – Lake Champlain – Barber’s Point Barcelona Light – New York – Lake Erie – Barcelona Lighthouse Battle Island Lightstation – Ontario – Lake Superior – Battle Island Light Beaver Head Light – Michigan – Lake Michigan – Beaver Island Beaver Island Harbor Light – Michigan – Lake Michigan – St. James (Beaver Island Harbor) Belle Isle Lighthouse – Michigan – Lake St. Clair – Belle Isle Bellevue Park Old Range Light – Michigan/Ontario – St. Mary’s River – Bellevue Park Bete Grise Light – Michigan – Lake Superior – Mendota (Bete Grise) Bete Grise Bay Light – Michigan – Lake Superior
    [Show full text]
  • Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Geologic Resources Inventory Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2015/972 ON THIS PAGE An opening in an ice-fringed sea cave reveals ice flows on Lake Superior. Photograph by Neil Howk (National Park Service) taken in winter 2008. ON THE COVER Wind and associated wave activity created a window in Devils Island Sandstone at Devils Island. Photograph by Trista L. Thornberry-Ehrlich (Colorado State University) taken in summer 2010. Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2015/972 Trista L. Thornberry-Ehrlich Colorado State University Research Associate National Park Service Geologic Resources Division Geologic Resources Inventory PO Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225 May 2015 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Years in the Northwest: a Machine-Readable Transcription
    Library of Congress Fifty years in the Northwest L34 3292 1 W. H. C. Folsom FIFTY YEARS IN THE NORTHWEST. WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND APPENDIX CONTAINING REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS AND NOTES. BY W illiam . H enry . C arman . FOLSOM. EDITED BY E. E. EDWARDS. PUBLISHED BY PIONEER PRESS COMPANY. 1888. G.1694 F606 .F67 TO THE OLD SETTLERS OF WISCONSIN AND MINNESOTA, WHO, AS PIONEERS, AMIDST PRIVATIONS AND TOIL NOT KNOWN TO THOSE OF LATER GENERATION, LAID HERE THE FOUNDATIONS OF TWO GREAT STATES, AND HAVE LIVED TO SEE THE RESULT OF THEIR ARDUOUS LABORS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WILDERNESS—DURING FIFTY YEARS—INTO A FRUITFUL COUNTRY, IN THE BUILDING OF GREAT CITIES, IN THE ESTABLISHING OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES, IN THE CREATION OF COMMERCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE, THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR, W. H. C. FOLSOM. PREFACE. Fifty years in the Northwest http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.01070 Library of Congress At the age of nineteen years, I landed on the banks of the Upper Mississippi, pitching my tent at Prairie du Chien, then (1836) a military post known as Fort Crawford. I kept memoranda of my various changes, and many of the events transpiring. Subsequently, not, however, with any intention of publishing them in book form until 1876, when, reflecting that fifty years spent amidst the early and first white settlements, and continuing till the period of civilization and prosperity, itemized by an observer and participant in the stirring scenes and incidents depicted, might furnish material for an interesting volume, valuable to those who should come after me, I concluded to gather up the items and compile them in a convenient form.
    [Show full text]
  • Apostle Islands National Lakeshore
    National Park Service Park News & Planner ‑ 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior The official newspaper of Around the Archipelago Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Pardon the Mess... The Greatest Show on the Big Lake! Closed For Renovation You’d haVE TO GO BACK TO 1929 TO SEE AnytHING LIKE ‑ the 2013 Apostle Islands light station preservation project. Big We know how disappointing a “Closed for happenings at Michigan Island Light: workmen, barges, scaffolding, Renovation” sign can be. We hope that painters, roofers, sawyers, carpenters, glaziers, and masons, all the inconvenience of not climbing the light just busy as beavers. And not just Michigan, but Devils, La Pointe, towers this summer will be rewarded by Outer, and Sand lights too. This is the biggest historic preservation great visitor experiences in the future. project that Apostle Islands National Lakeshore has ever While the National Park Service will work undertaken, and the biggest re-investment in these historic lights to minimize public impacts during the ever made by the federal government. There may NEVER have been light station repair work, some closures a summer this busy at the Apostle Islands’ lighthouses. will be necessary for public safety and to allow workers access to the light stations. Local folks and park visitors have heard rumblings about this for Buildings will be closed to visitation while several years as the planning, design, and contract preparation work work is in progress, as will the adjacent progressed. The lights will be seeing some old friends, and making grounds. The normal volunteer “keepers” some new ones. C3, LLC, a major national construction firm, is the will not be in residence during construction.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National
    THE LIFE HISTORY AND TROPHIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE NINESPINE STICKLEBACK, PUNGITIUS PUNGITIUS, IN THE APOSTLE ISLANDS AREA OF LAKE SUPERIOR1 BERNARD L. GRISWOLD2 AND LLOYD L. SMITH, JR.3 ABSTRACT The ninespine stickleback is an important food of juvenile lake trout in the Apostle Islands area. It is the most numerous fish of the area and is distributed in deep waters during the winter and in shallow waters during the summer. Females grow fastel than males. reaching an average total length of 80 mm at age 5. Males live to age 3 and attain an average length of hh mm. Annulus formation on otoliths is complete by mid-July. Seasonal growth is more than half complete by early August: growth of mature females ·is delayed until after spawning. Both sexes mature over a period of 3 yr. Spawning occurs from mid-June to late July. Males apparently do not live as long as females. possibly because of a post-spawning mor­ tality. Egg number is a linear function of fish length. although this relationship is different for fish from two separate areas. Environmental differences between these areas. which may affect spawning time. possibly cause the differences in fecundity. Significant quantities of maturing eggs atrophy just prior to spawning. a phenomenon which changes the fecundity relationship. Sticklebacks eat a variety of invertebrates. particularly the crustaceans Mrsis re!icra and Pontoporeia alfinis. Food eaten by the stickleback and slimy sculpin is similar. bill the adaptability of both species tends to eliminate serious competition. The lake trout is the only serious predator of stickleback.
    [Show full text]