The Selected Papers of John Jay, 1760-1779 Volume 1 Index

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Selected Papers of John Jay, 1760-1779 Volume 1 Index The Selected Papers of John Jay, 1760-1779 Volume 1 Index Actaeon (ship), 278n3 Active (ship): admiralty court case on, 553 Act of March 18, 1780, 678n1 Adams, Charles Francis, xxxii Adams, John: administration of, xxv; confers with General Howe, 294, 294n2; on congressional committees, 137n1, 220n1, 239n4; and congressional instructions, xxxiii– xxxiv; and Conway cabal, 559n1; correspondence of, l; as diplomat, xlii; dispatches of, 601, 602n5; and Dutch loans, 696n2; and factions, 171; and independence, 170, 240n1, 250n3; influences N.Y. Constitution, 401; and inoculation, 489n1; JJ declines court appointment by, xliv; JJ’s correspondence with, xxxv; letter to, quoted, xxxvii; mission to the Netherlands, xxxiii; and moderates, xxvii; and New England interests, xxxii; as peace commissioner, xxxii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 698, 714; political theories of, 401, 402; praised, 665; quoted, 221n1, 305n3, 481n1; recollections of, 98, 99; relationship with JJ, xxxii, 98; voyages, xxxii, 665n7; writings of, 401 Adams, John Quincy, xxxii Adams, Samuel, 621n3; and appeal to Canada, 116; and authorship of Address to the People of Great Britain, 98; on congressional committees, 119, 137n1; as congressional delegate, 624n1; and Conway cabal, 559n1; and factionalism, 171; and French alliance, 572; identified, 119; militancy of, xxv; moderate distrust of, xxvii Adams family, 621n5 Adams-Lee faction: and committee memberships, 171 Addison, Joseph: quoted, 48, 49n4, 518, 519n5, 602, 604n2; writings of, 49n4, 543n5, 604n2 “Address of the Convention of the State of New York to their Constituents”: authorship of, 320–25; illustrated, 323 Address to the Electors of Great Britain, An, 143, 145n2 Address to the People of Great Britain, An, 96–99, 100–107, 109n1, 134, 137n1, 145n5, 177 Address to the People of the State of New York: and ratification debate, xl Adgate, Matthew, 377, 379, 380 Administration of Justice Act, xxvi, 105. See also Coercive Acts Africa, 1, 497, 673; coast, maps of, 736 African Americans: battalions of, proposed, 607–9, 609n1; capacities of, 607–8; education for, 582n1 “Agricola Americanus” (pseudonym), 484n1 Albany, N.Y., 248n3, 438, 447, 456, 470, 481, 482, 482n1, 484n1, 492, 499, 509, 514, 524, 526, 527, 537, 575, 604, 611; city council of, 434n1 (from Peter W. Yates, 5 June 1777); 1 command at, 417, 430, 432, 433n2, 537; commissioners for detecting conspiracies at, 522– 23, 523nn1–2, 523n4; committee, 275, 276n10; Committee for Detecting Conspiracies at, 523, 523nn1–2, 523n4; courts at, 46n2, 47, 508, 509n3, 515n2, 522, 523n2, 618; economic regulations of, 645; freemen of, 402; Loyalists evacuated to, 454; loyalty investigations at, 318, 319–20; militia, 434; negotiations with Indians at, 498, 499n2; politics, 114, 182, 199, 200n5, 204n5, 425, 426, 435, 436–37; Philip Schuyler at, 623; as state capital, 436–37; supplies at, 232, 683; trials in, 521, 521n3 Albany (sloop), 299 Albany County, N.Y., 46n1, 64, 89n4, 114, 319, 320, 434nn1–2 (to Leonard Gansevoort, 5 June 1777), 434n1 (from Peter W. Yates, 5 June 1777), 546n6, 704n1; committee of, 433, 522, 523nn1–2; elections, 640; militia, 464; politics, 419, 433, 434; tenant riots, 46n1, 48; and Vermont controversy, 704n1; votes on amendments to draft constitution, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 384, 385 Albouy, Leonard, 615–16, 616n2; identified, 615 Alderman, Lord Mayor, 177 Alexander, William (Lord Stirling), 211, 289, 291, 293n4, 548n2, 594n3; identified, 213n5; promotion of, 217 Alexander the Great, 367 Alfred (ship), 218n1 Alien and Sedition Act, xxx Allen, Andrew, 353; identified, 355n6 Allen, Ethan: and Canadian campaign, 167; identified, 168n5; publications of, 542, 543n4, 590, 591n2; and Vermont controversy, 537–38, 540nn6–7 Allen, William, 488, 490n8 Alliance (ship), 664, 665n3 Allison, Mr., 259 Almon’s Remembrancer, 481n1 Alsop, John, 188, 194, 239n7, 242, 244n2, 245, 261, 262n1 (29 June 1776), 303n8; as congressional candidate, 91; elected to Congress, 93; identified, 189n2; letters from, 107– 10, 231–33 Alsop & Company, 301, 303n8 Amenia, N.Y., 231n3 “American, An” (pseudonym, Gouverneur Morris), 530, 530n2 Amherst, Jeffrey, 11–12n9, 28, 28n5, 33n3 Ammunition: shortage of, 578 Amphitrite (ship), 569 Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 696n2, 701; shipbuilding, 424 Ancram, N.Y., 288n2 André, John, 361 2 Anglican church: clergymen of, 66; and King’s College, 4; ministers’ controversy, Rye, 12, 13; mission, New Haven, 12 Anglicanism: and bishops in America, 373; and Loyalism, 361 Annapolis, Md.: Congress at, xxxiv–xxxv Annapolis Convention: and constitutional reform, xxxvi Anne (queen, England): proclamation of, 506n8 Anthony, Theophile, 275, 276n9 Anti-Federalists: and ratification of the Constitution, xl Appalachians: migration across, xxxiii Appius Claudius, 53, 54, 55n1 (1768) Aranda, Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Conde de, 715n4; identified, 710 Aranjuez, Spain: alliance formed at, 601n3 Aranjuez, Convention of, 712, 718n5 Arbitration: under Jay’s Treaty, xliii Arbuthnot, John, 457n7 Arbuthnot, Marriot, 633, 635n2; identified, 635n2 Armaments: contracts for, 219, 219nn2–3 Armstrong, John, Jr., 528; identified, 529n1 Army, British: arrival at N.Y., 273; atrocities of, 429; avoidance of battle by, 343; captures Fort Ticonderoga, 440; defeat of, 473–74, 484, 491; depredations of, 389–90, 393, 423, 437, 438n2, 637; desertions from, 474, 474n1, 529, 534; disease in, 687n3; divisions in, 483; Germans with, 475; intelligence on, 474–75; invasion by, 332, 342; land granted half-pay officers of, 598; letters captured by, 612, 613n1; Loyalists in, 361, 363, 394, 415, 417n1, 488, 490nn7–8; military operations, 518, 686, 697; —, in New Jersey, 366–67, 528–29, 429, 456, 622; —, in New York, 392–94, 455n1, 455n3, 455n5, 467, 468, 469n2, 471, 472, 472nn5–6, 472nn8–9; —, in the South, 697, 707; occupation by, 102, 134, 135; officers of, 576; pay of, 344, 670; power of, 332, 342; prisoners, 577, 671; provisioning, 533, 534; recreation, 391; reinforcement, 652; size, 534; supply of, 332; threat from, 521; victories, 320, 321; withdrawal, 514 Army, Continental: African American units of, 607–9, 609n1; appointment of officers in, 171, 174n1, 213n6, 217–18, 391, 392n2; arming, xxiv; avoidance of battle by, 332, 343; bounties in, 578n4, 638, 639n4; and Canadian expeditions, 225n5, 225n12, 629–30; Catholics in, 373; chaplains for, 619; charges against, 585; and civil-military relations, 266, 503; clothing for, 638, 639n6, 654; commissions in, 217, 365n1; condition of, 491, 505, 506–7, 732; and Conway cabal, 555; cost of, 543–44, 544n3; courts-martial in, 253, 510, 578n4, 623n1 (see also Courts-martial); courts of inquiry in, 510, 510n2, 542n1; creation of, xxvii; damages by, 579–80; defeats of, 321; disloyalty in, 252, 253, 254; enlistments, 322, 637–38; entertainments of, 593–94; and evacuation of Fort Ticonderoga, 445 (see also Fort Ticonderoga, N.Y.: evacuation of); expenses of, 507; foreign officers in, 317n2, 562–63, 562n5, 611, 612n4, 659n8, 681, 682, 682n3, 682n5, 682n7; and Hickey Plot, 252–53; 3 and impressments, 504, 579, 590, 629–30; Indians in, 245n5; intelligence operations of, 614n1 (21 March 1779); land for officers and soldiers of, 584, 585n2; legal procedures, 574, 575–76, 579–80; and loyalty oaths, 173, 217; medical administration, 555; military operations, 311, 507n2; —, in New Jersey, 320, 322, 428–30, 446, 488, 622–23; —, in New York, 273, 417–19, 460–61, 466–67, 482–83; and militia, 289, 440, 488, 608; and mob action, 251; nationalism of members of, xxxvii; northern command of, 439–42 (see also Northern Department: command of); pay, 555, 573, 574, 637–38; pay scales of, 155n3; pensions for officers of, 555; and prisoners, 358–59, 419; procurement problems of, 503, 504, 506–7, 506n1; protraction of war by, 332, 343; quotas, 637–38; rations, 637; rebuilding of, xxix; recruitment, xxiv, 358, 394, 395, 397, 487, 555; regulations of, 313n8; requisitions of, 193n2; resignations from, 573, 574, 575, 588, 604–5, 606n4, 612, 613n2, 623, 627; rivalries in, 399, 440–41; shoes for, 654, 655; in the South, 554–55; staff departments, 526, 527n6, 624–25, 625nn2–3, 630–32, 642–44, 646–48, 654–55, 656 (see also Commissary Department; Hospital Department; Quartermaster’s Department); staff officers of, 511, 515, 555, 574; supply of, xxiv, 218n6, 333, 343, 393–94, 495–97, 578, 590, 591n5, 629–30, 631, 650–53, 654–55, 666, 666n3, 678, 679n1, 683; unpreparedness of, 506– 7 Army, French, 682n5, 682n7 Army, Roman, 390n4 Army, Spanish, 334, 671, 732, 733n5 Army, standing, 133 Arnold, Benedict, 160, 161, 309n2, 464, 490n15; identified, 162n7; investigation of, 585n1, 595, 596n5; letter of, quoted, 474; letter to, quoted, 472; military operations of, 473, 474n1, 475n2; proposes settlement for officers and soldiers, 584, 585n1; treason of, 361 Arnold, Edward: identified, 317n8 Articles of Capitulation, 163n10, 164n2 Articles of Confederation: amendment of, xxxvi, xxxvii; approval of, 494, 498, 499n4; and constitutional reform, xxxvi; controversies over, 498; ratification of, 499, 500, 537, 552–53, 674–75, 688; replacement of, xl; sent to states, 491; and taxation, 626n1 (circular letter to the governors, 22 May 1779); and union, 690; and Vermont controversy, 542, 694; weakness of, 673; and western lands, 537, 540n5 Artillery, 394 Asia: imports from, 497 Assemblies, colonial, 134 Association, Continental, 94, 112, 113, 127n3, 138, 140, 141n2, 142, 145n4, 147n2 (17 October 1775), 157n5, 215, 283n1 (22–24 July 1776) Assyria (Syria), 326, 337, 338 Athamas, 447 Atherton, Cornelius, 230, 231n3 Atlantic
Recommended publications
  • William Jay of Frederick County Virginia 2019
    To Family History Enthusiasts, This has been years in the making and as such has been a great labor of love. As you may note, this manuscript is laid out in book format and it is the intention of the authors to continue with additional publications of the children of William Jay... William, James, Joseph, John, Mary, Rachel, Lydia and David. Some of these are already in the works. It is hoped that one day the combined works will be published in printed format. As for now, we are sharing them with the public on the Jay Family Association website. This is a copyrighted work. Please do not download and publish on any other site like Ancestry.com. That would violate our copyright. Below you are given a citation to use if you desire to quote passages from this work. We hope all will enjoy. Copyright © 2019 by Arthur V. King and Christy L Jay All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form on by an electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. When quoting brief passages they should be cited as follows: King, Arthur V. and Jay, Christy L. William Jay of Frederick Co. VA. 2019. www.jayfamily.org William Jay of Frederick Co. VA______ Introduction Introduction The Purpose The intent of this book is to document and explore the life and times of William Jay ca (1711-1773) who migrated out of Frederick County Virginia ca 1751 with his family.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spies That Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage
    Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the History Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Lew, Masaki, "The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 19. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/19 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Humanities Western Civilization 102 March 16, 2020 1 Continental Spy Nathan Hale, standing below the gallows, spoke to his British captors with nothing less than unequivocal patriotism: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”1 American History idolizes Hale as a hero. His bravery as the first pioneer of American espionage willing to sacrifice his life for the growing colonial sentiment against a daunting global empire vindicates this. Yet, behind Hale’s success as an operative on
    [Show full text]
  • New York Painting Begins: Eighteenth-Century Portraits at the New-York Historical Society the New-York Historical Society Holds
    New York Painting Begins: Eighteenth-Century Portraits at the New-York Historical Society The New-York Historical Society holds one of the nation’s premiere collections of eighteenth-century American portraits. During this formative century a small group of native-born painters and European émigrés created images that represent a broad swath of elite colonial New York society -- landowners and tradesmen, and later Revolutionaries and Loyalists -- while reflecting the area’s Dutch roots and its strong ties with England. In the past these paintings were valued for their insights into the lives of the sitters, and they include distinguished New Yorkers who played leading roles in its history. However, the focus here is placed on the paintings themselves and their own histories as domestic objects, often passed through generations of family members. They are encoded with social signals, conveyed through dress, pose, and background devices. Eighteenth-century viewers would have easily understood their meanings, but they are often unfamiliar to twenty-first century eyes. These works raise many questions, and given the sparse documentation from the period, not all of them can be definitively answered: why were these paintings made, and who were the artists who made them? How did they learn their craft? How were the paintings displayed? How has their appearance changed over time, and why? And how did they make their way to the Historical Society? The state of knowledge about these paintings has evolved over time, and continues to do so as new discoveries are made. This exhibition does not provide final answers, but presents what is currently known, and invites the viewer to share the sense of mystery and discovery that accompanies the study of these fascinating works.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Friendship in Early America
    CAMPBELL, THERESA J., Ph.D. Political Friendship in Early America. (2010) Directed by Dr. Robert M. Calhoon. 250 pp. During the turbulent decades that encompassed the transition of the North American colonies into a Republic, America became the setting for a transformation in the context of political friendship. Traditionally the alliances established between elite, white, Protestant males have been most studied. These former studies provide the foundation for this work to examine the inclusion of ―others‖ -- political relationships formed with and by women, persons of diverse ethnicities and races, and numerous religious persuasions -- in political activity. From the outset this analysis demonstrates the establishment of an uniquely American concept of political friendship theory which embraced ideologies and rationalism. Perhaps most importantly, the work presents criteria for determining early American political friendship apart from other relationships. The central key in producing this manuscript was creating and applying the criteria for identifying political alliances. This study incorporates a cross-discipline approach, including philosophy, psychology, literature, religion, and political science with history to hone a conception of political friendship as understood by the Founding Generation. The arguments are supported by case studies drawn from a wide variety of primary documents. The result is a fresh perspective and a new approach for the study of eighteenth century American history. POLITICAL FRIENDSHIP IN EARLY AMERICA by Theresa J. Campbell A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2010 Approved by Robert M.
    [Show full text]
  • De Witt Clinton and the Origin of the Spoils System in New York
    73] Cornell University Library JK 731.M2 ... De Witt Clinton and the origin of th 3 1924 002 312 662 SlrUDEES IN HISTORY, ECONOMIOS AND PUBLIC LAW EDITED BY THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Volume XXVIII] [Number 1 De WITT CLINTON AUD THE ORIGIN OF THE SPOILS SYSTEM IN NEW YORK HOWARD LEE McBAIN, Ph.D., /Sometime Honorary Fellow in Constitutional Lam, Colwmhia Univeriity THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, AGENTS London : P. S. King & Son 1907 THE LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY 1 DeWITT CLINTON AND THE ORIOIN OF THE SPOILS SYSTEM IN NEW YORK Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002312662 STUDIES IN HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW EDITED BY THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Volume XXVIII] [Number 1 De WITT CLINTON AND THE ORIGIN OF THE SPOILS SYSTEM IN NEW YORK HOWARD LEE McBAIN, Ph.D., Sometime Honorary Fellow in Constitutional Law, Colvmhia University THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, AGENTS London : P. S. King & Son 1907 Copyright, 1907, BY HOWARD LEE McBAIN 1 JK 1S) CONTENTS CHAPTER I EARLY PATRONAGE UNDER THE CONSTITUTION PAGE Introduction 11-15 Misrepresentations of DeWitt Clinton's policies 11-12 Sources for study of 12 Plan of present study of New York patronage 13-15 Relation of systems previous to 1801 13 Relation of national systems I3~i5 Washington's policy of patronage 15-25 His problems differ from those of his successors 16-17 His attitude toward anti-adoptionists 17-20 In general 17-18 In Rhode Island 18-20 His consideration of Revolutionary services 20-21 His general principles in making appointments 21-23 Later consideration of politics in cabinet appointments 23-24 His New York appointments—Theory of Hamiltonian influencejrefuted.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Ratification of the Constitution in New York
    Introduction to the Ratification of the Constitution in New York During the decade preceding the War for Independence, New York was divided into two large provincial factions—the Delanceys and the Livingstons. When independence neared, the Delanceys were in power and they remained loyal to the king. The opposition to British imperial policy consisted of three groups—the radical elements led by New York City mechanics who advocated independence from Great Britain, a very conservative group that wanted reconciliation, and another conservative group that wanted to delay independence but would not give up key colonial rights. Because conservatives controlled the third Provincial Congress, that body gave no instructions on the question of independence to New York’s delegates to the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia. Not being instructed, the New York delegation, standing alone, did not vote on independence on 2 July 1776. Earlier, in response to the Continental Congress’ resolution of 15 May 1776, the third Provincial Congress had called on the electors in the different counties to elect a fourth provincial congress which might draft a constitution creating a state government. The election took place and the new Provincial Congress on 9 July resolved unanimously to join the other colonies in declaring independence. The next day it renamed itself the Provincial Convention. On 1 August the Convention appointed a committee of thirteen to draft a state constitution and to report by 26 August. The committee did not report until 12 March 1777. After almost six weeks of debate, the Convention on 20 April voted “in the name and by the authority of the good people of this State” to adopt the constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington and Saratoga Counties in the War of 1812 on Its Northern
    D. Reid Ross 5-8-15 WASHINGTON AND SARATOGA COUNTIES IN THE WAR OF 1812 ON ITS NORTHERN FRONTIER AND THE EIGHT REIDS AND ROSSES WHO FOUGHT IT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Illustrations Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown 3 Map upstate New York locations 4 Map of Champlain Valley locations 4 Chapters 1. Initial Support 5 2. The Niagara Campaign 6 3. Action on Lake Champlain at Whitehall and Training Camps for the Green Troops 10 4. The Battle of Plattsburg 12 5. Significance of the Battle 15 6. The Fort Erie Sortie and a Summary of the Records of the Four Rosses and Four Reids 15 7. Bibliography 15 2 Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown as depicted3 in an engraving published in 1862 4 1 INITIAL SUPPORT Daniel T. Tompkins, New York’s governor since 1807, and Peter B. Porter, the U.S. Congressman, first elected in 1808 to represent western New York, were leading advocates of a war of conquest against the British over Canada. Tompkins was particularly interested in recruiting and training a state militia and opening and equipping state arsenals in preparation for such a war. Normally, militiamen were obligated only for three months of duty during the War of 1812, although if the President requested, the period could be extended to a maximum of six months. When the militia was called into service by the governor or his officers, it was paid by the state. When called by the President or an officer of the U.S. Army, it was paid by the U.S. Treasury. In 1808, the United States Congress took the first steps toward federalizing state militias by appropriating $200,000 – a hopelessly inadequate sum – to arm and train citizen soldiers needed to supplement the nation’s tiny standing army.
    [Show full text]
  • "Amiable" Children of John and Sarah Livingston Jay by Louise V
    The "Amiable" Children of John and Sarah Livingston Jay by Louise V. North © Columbia's Legacy: Friends and Enemies in the New Nation Conference at Columbia University and The New-York Historical Society, Dec. 10, 2004 Sarah Jay wrote her husband [Oct. 1801]: "I have been rendered very happy by the company of our dear children . I often, I shd. say daily, bless God for giving us such amiable Children. May they long be preserved a blessing to us & to the community." Who were these 'amiable' children, and what were they like? The happy marriage of John and Sarah Jay produced six children: Peter Augustus, born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1776; Susan, born and died in Madrid after only a few weeks of life, in 1780; Maria, born in Madrid in 1782; Ann, born in Paris in 1783, William and Sarah Louisa, born in NYC in 1789 and 1792 respectively. As you can see by the birthplaces of these children, their parents played active parts on the stage of independence, doing what needed to be done, wherever it needed to be done, at the end of a colonial era and the birth of a new nation. John Jay held a greater variety of posts than any other Founding Father, posts he insisted he did not seek but felt it his duty to his country to assume. Sarah Livingston Jay, brought up in a political household, was a strong support to her husband, astutely networking with the movers and shakers of the time (as a look at her Invitation Lists of 1787–1788 shows).
    [Show full text]
  • Defending America in Mixed Company: Gender in the U.S
    Defending America in Mixed Company: Gender in the U.S. Armed Forces Martha E. McSally Abstract: Women have voluntarily served to defend America since the birth of our nation, often driven by necessity or the ½ght for equal opportunity, but always limited by law or policy grounded in accepted gender roles and norms. Today, women compose 14 percent of the total active-duty military, and more than 255,000 have deployed to combat operations in Iraq or Afghanistan. Despite their exemplary ser- vice and performance in combat, women are still restricted from serving in more than 220,000 military positions solely because of their sex. Women also continue to be exempt from the Selective Service System, for which their male counterparts are required by law to register. Are these continued inconsistencies be- tween the sexes in the area of national defense incongruent with democratic tenets? Have we gone too far or not far enough in allowing or compelling women to defend the nation if required? May all our citizens be soldiers and all our soldiers citizens. –A toast by Sarah Livingston Jay, the wife of John Jay, at a ball celebrating the end of the Revolution (Fall 1783)1 Women have served as volunteers in the defense of America since the birth of our nation, often driv- MARTHA E. MCSALLY is Profes- en by necessity or the ½ght for equal opportunity, sor of National Security Studies at but always limited by law or policy grounded in the George C. Marshall European accepted gender roles and norms. Today, women Center for Security Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of Alida Livingston of New York
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2011 A Dutch Woman in an English World: The Legacy of Alida Livingston of New York Melinda M. Mohler West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Mohler, Melinda M., "A Dutch Woman in an English World: The Legacy of Alida Livingston of New York" (2011). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4755. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4755 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Dutch Woman in an English World: The Legacy of Alida Livingston of New York Melinda M. Mohler Dissertation submitted to the College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Jack Hammersmith, Ph.D., Chair Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D. Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D. Kenneth Fones-World, Ph.D. Martha Pallante, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Portraits of Dutchess
    OF DUTCHESS /680 ,.,/807 Cover: DANIEL CROMMELIN VERPLANCK 1762-1834 Painted by John Singlecon Copley in 1771 CottrteJy of The Metropolitan J\f11Jeum of Art New York. Gift of Bayard Verplanck, 1949 (See page 42) OF DUTCHESS /680-/807 by S. Velma Pugsley Spo11sored by THE DUTCHESS COUNTY AMERICAN REVOLUTION BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION as a 1976 Project Printed by HAMILTON REPRODUCTIONS, Inc. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. FOREWORD The Bicentennial Project rirled "Portraits of Dutchess 1680-1807" began as a simple, personal arrempr ro catalog existing porrrairs of people whose lives were part of rhe county's history in rhe Colonial Period. As rhe work progressed ir became certain rhar relatively few were srill in the Durchess-Purnam area. As so many of rhem had become the property of Museums in other localities it seemed more important than ever ro lisr rhem and their present locations. When rhe Dutchess County American Revolution Bicentennial Commission with great generosity undertook rhe funding ir was possible ro illustrate rhe booklet with photographs from rhe many available sources. This document is nor ro be considered as a geneological or historic record even though much research in rhose directions became a necessity. The collection is meant ro be a pictorial record, only, hoping rhar irs readers may be made more aware rhar these paintings are indeed pictures of our ancestors. Ir is also hoped rhar all museum collections of Colonial Painting will be viewed wirh deeper and more personal interest. The portraits which are privately owned are used here by rhe gracious consent of the owners. Those works from public sources are so indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Van Rensselaer Family
    .^^yVk. 929.2 V35204S ': 1715769 ^ REYNOLDS HISTORICAL '^^ GENEALOGY COLLECTION X W ® "^ iiX-i|i '€ -^ # V^t;j^ .^P> 3^"^V # © *j^; '^) * ^ 1 '^x '^ I It • i^© O ajKp -^^^ .a||^ .v^^ ^^^ ^^ wMj^ %^ ^o "V ^W 'K w ^- *P ^ • ^ ALLEN -^ COUNTY PUBLIC LIBR, W:^ lllillllli 3 1833 01436 9166 f% ^' J\ ^' ^% ^" ^%V> jil^ V^^ -llr.^ ^%V A^ '^' W* ^"^ '^" ^ ^' ?^% # "^ iir ^M^ V- r^ %f-^ ^ w ^ '9'A JC 4^' ^ V^ fel^ W' -^3- '^ ^^-' ^ ^' ^^ w^ ^3^ iK^ •rHnviDJ, ^l/OL American Historical Magazine VOL 2 JANUARY. I907. NO. I ' THE VAN RENSSELAER FAMILY. BY W. W. SPOONER. the early Dutch colonial families the Van OF Rensselaers were the first to acquire a great landed estate in America under the "patroon" system; they were among the first, after the English conquest of New Netherland, to have their possessions erected into a "manor," antedating the Livingstons and Van Cortlandts in this particular; and they were the last to relinquish their ancient prescriptive rights and to part with their hereditary demesnes under the altered social and political conditions of modem times. So far as an aristocracy, in the strict understanding of the term, may be said to have existed under American institu- tions—and it is an undoubted historical fact that a quite formal aristocratic society obtained throughout the colonial period and for some time subsequently, especially in New York, — the Van Rensselaers represented alike its highest attained privileges, its most elevated organization, and its most dignified expression. They were, in the first place, nobles in the old country, which cannot be said of any of the other manorial families of New York, although several of these claimed gentle descent.
    [Show full text]