Appendices Appendix 1: Aboriginal Constellations
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Appendices Appendix 1: Aboriginal Constellations Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source 161 phenomena representation group or place (European) Deneb (Alpha Native cat (Pardjidja) ,Deneb, and Origin of Karadjeri, north- Piddington Cygnus), Capella opossum (Langgur),Capella, and tracks markings on western WA 1932:395 (Alpha Auriga) of the opossum (faint stars). these animals and several pairs of faint stars between Auriga and Taurus Night Skies of Aboriginal Australia Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Magellanic Clouds, The Magellanic Clouds are the spirits Bulian is Karadjeri, WA Piddington Canopus (Alpha of two ancestral heroes. Bagadjimbiri, associated 1930:352–54 Carinae), Sirius Canopus and Sirius represent two with seasonal (Alpha Canis women, Yerinyeri and Wolabun, who change Majoris) and two collect food together on earth but (undesignated) Yerinyeri continually teases Wolabun stars about snakes. Wolabun, in revenge, places a dead water snake in a pond 162 which scares Yeriyeri. Both women flee to the sea before going to the sky. Bulian, the great water serpent is also in the sky and his eyes are represented by stars. Sigma, Delta, These stars form Unwala, an ancestral Groote Eylandt, Mountford Rho, Zeta and Eta crab NT 1956:479 Hydrae Venus, Jupiter, Venus, a man (Barnimbida), and Strong, south- Groote Eylandt, Mountford Lambda and Jupiter, a woman (Duwardwara), have easterly winds NT 1956:481 Upsilon Scorpii two children, Lambda and Upsilon which blow Scorpii. during April Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Small (undesig- Small stars in Lynx are scorpions, old Groote Eylandt, Mountford nated) stars in childless star-people who hunt and fish NT 1956:481 Lynx, and two large over the sky. They cook over their own stars in Lynx (prob- fires, Alpha and Beta Lyncis. ably Alpha and Beta Lyncis) Magellanic Clouds The Magellanic Clouds are the camps Tides Groote Eylandt, Mountford 163 and Achernar of an old man and a woman (the NT 1956:484–85 (Alpha Eridani) Jukara) who cannot gather their own food. Achernar is their fire. The Southern Coal Sack is a fish, Alakitja, speared by Rock cod Groote Eylandt, Mountford Cross, Alpha and two brothers, Alpha and Beta Crucis. NT 1956:485–87 Beta Centauri and Their fires are Gamma and Delta the Coal Sack Crucis. Their friends are Alpha and Beta Centauri. (Unidentified) A celestial family (Garakma) feed on Oenpelli, NT Mountford October morning waterlily bulbs from the Milky Way 1956:487 Appendices stars, the Milky and from a fruit tree in the Coal Sack. Way and the Coal Sack Night Skies of Aboriginal Australia Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Southern Cross and Nangurgal, a group of starmen (large Oenpelli, NT Mountford the Coal Sack stars in the Cross) and their sons 1956:487 (smaller stars in the Cross) catch a snake and eat it. The snake is the Coal Sack. The stars of the cross are the bright eyes of the men. Orion, the Hyades, Constellation of the Canoe Stars, visi- Millingimbi, NT Mountford 164 the Pleiades, some ble December to March. 1956:495–6 stars of Gemini and some stars of Eridanus Southern Cross and Southern Cross is a stingray eternally Galbu (Caldeon Mountford Pointers Alpha and pursued by the Pointers which repre- Bay), NT 1956:496 Beta Centauri sent a shark. Stars of Lupus Scorpion Yirrkala, NT Mountford 1956:500 Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Magellanic Clouds Camps of two sisters. The elder Yirrkala, NT Mountford sister and her dog live in the Large 1956:500 Magellanic Cloud and the younger sister and her dog life in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The elder sister is believed to leave as only the Small Magellanic Cloud is visible during the dry season, April to September, 165 whereas both are visible during the wet season. Arcturus (Alpha Arcturus is a man and Saak a woman. Dugong, Millingimbi, NT Mountford Bootis) Saak (Eta Pandanus rakia 1956:495–96 Bootis) and the (spike-thrush) Moon and tides Dark Patch (in the Galalang, an ancestral hero lives in the Creation hero Western Worms 1986:129 Milky Way between dark patch. Alpha and Beta Centauri Kimberley, WA Durak 1969:77 Centaurus and are two feathers from his headdress, Appendices Scorpius), Alpha one white from a parrot, the other dark and Beta Centauri from an owl. Night Skies of Aboriginal Australia Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Stars in Canis Wunbula, a Bat, had his two wives, a Dharumba, Ridley Major Brown Snake (Murrbumbool) and a Shoalhaven River 1875:144–45 Black Snake (Moondtha) impaled on area, NSW spears for trying to get rid of him by burying him alive. They all went to the sky and the constellation is known as Munowra. 166 Antares (Alpha Flying foxes (Milky Way) were angry Roberts and Scorpii) and the with Purupriki, a tribal man (Antares), Mountford Milky Way who attacked them. The flying foxes 1974:32 carried Purupriki away. Southern Cross and Mululu (Beta Centauri), a tribal leader, Kanda Roberts and Beta Centauri arranged for his four daughters (the Mountford stars of the Cross) to climb up to him 1974:76 on the beard of a healer, Conduk. Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Southern Cross, The Southern Cross is the camp of two Origin and North-western Roberts and Alpha and Beta mothers and their fires are the Pointers. ownership of coast WA, NSW Mountford Centauri They came to earth in search of food. fire north coast 1974:94 The fire sticks they carried got out of Ellis 1991:75–77 control. The fire which ensued was captured by people on earth. 167 The Pointers, Alpha Escape of two creation heroes, the Creation Flinders Ranges, Roberts and and Beta Centauri Pointers, from bushfire. of Flinders SA Mountford Ranges 1974:114 Tunbridge 1988:74 Morning Star Two hawk-men (eagles) who are cre- Creation Lake Torrens, SA Worms 1986:134 (Venus) ation heroes live in the Morning Star. heroes Appendices Night Skies of Aboriginal Australia Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Morning Star Two sons were disrespectful to their Power of elders Flinders Ranges, Roberts and (Venus) and father and so were punished. The father SA Mountford unspecified stars became the Morning Star and never 1974:118 again associated with his sons who Tunbridge were turned into stars along with their 1988:122–3 clubs and kangaroos. 168 Two dark patches Evil spirit, Waiwera, abducts a beauti- Mandalbingu of Rule and in the Milky Way ful young dancer named Brolga, and Arnhem Land, NT Goodman sweeps her up in a willy-willy. She 1979:36–45 returns to earth changes into a Brolga. Waiwera lives in the dark patches. Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Long line of dark The dark patches represent a large Sexual Ngadadjara, Tindale 1936:169, patches (in Milky totem board which was made by two antagonism Warburton 185 Way between ancestral men, the Wati Kutjara, while Ranges, WA Alpha Centauri on a journey with the Pleiades women. and Alpha Cygnus), Castor and Pollux, their firesticks, are the Pleiades, the carried by a man, Tangi, who is repre- Gemini twins, sented by Procyon. Castor and Pollux 169 (Alpha and Beta Geminorum), and Procyon (Alpha Canis Minoris) Aldebaran (Alpha Karambal, a man (Alpha Tauri), Kinship laws Clarence River Mathews 1905:78 Tauri) absconded with another man’s wife. He area, NSW was pursued by the husband and took refuge in a tree. The pursuer set the tree on fire, the flames of which carried Karambal into the sky. He still retains Appendices the colour of the fire. Night Skies of Aboriginal Australia Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Lambda and Lambda and Upsilon Scorpii repre- Darling River, Mathews 1905:81 Upsilon Scorpii, sent a crow. Altair is a great hunter, NSW Altair (Alpha Wukkarno, who had several dogs and a Aquilae), the boomerang (Northern Crown). Venus Northern Crown is a man (Mirnkabuli), who lives in a (Corona Borealis), grass ‘gurli’ and subsists on mussels and Venus and crayfish. 170 Antares (Alpha Antares is an Eaglehawk. Jupiter is a Victorian groups Massola Scorpii) and Jupiter great man, Wurndawurnda-yarroa, 1971:41–45 who lived on roasted yams. Altair (Alpha Altair is a great warrior, Thattyukul, Creation of Murray River area Mathews Aquilae), (Alpha who, while pursuing a codfish, created Murray River in NSW/Victoria 1905:81–84 Capricorni) and the Murray River. In the process, he Achernar (Alpha injured his mother-in-law (Alpha Eridani) Capricorni), who took revenge and disowned him. He was then rescued and revived by his uncle, represented by Achernar. Night sky Aboriginal mythological Association Aboriginal Source phenomena representation group or place (European) Antares (Alpha Antares, an eaglehawk, Gwarmbilla, Winter Wongaibon, NSW Mathews nd.:4, Scorpii) and the had two wives, a mallee-hen and a 46, 55–6 two stars either side whip-snake. Gulabirra, a lizard-man (probably Tau and wanted the wives and they him. The Sigma Scorpii) wives, when the eagle was out hunting, left the camp and dug a hole. They put bone spikes in it and filled it with their blood. They covered it to appear as a 171 bandicoot’s nest. The eagle was sent to the trap and fell in. His mother pulled him out, covered red with blood (he has been ever since).