Den Danske Bog” Endnu Ernst Bojesen Livede Op På Dette Tidsskrift, Da Han Overtog Udgivelsen, Engang (Ca

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Den Danske Bog” Endnu Ernst Bojesen Livede Op På Dette Tidsskrift, Da Han Overtog Udgivelsen, Engang (Ca ”Den danske Bog” endnu Ernst Bojesen livede op på dette tidsskrift, da han overtog udgivelsen, engang (ca. 1840 - 1916) bl.a. ved at give det en fastere layout. Det vil en ny gengivelse forhåbentlig bedre godtgøre, se fig. 1. Titellayoutens grundprincip, ordene skrevet med store af fhv. senior­for­sker­ Har­ald Ilsøe bogstaver og arrangeret i blokke med lige store linier, findes anvendt i flere af de bøger, som Bojesen udgav sidst i 1890erne. Endnu et eksempel er en 1. lille bog om Blomster­spr­oget, oprindelig et foregående afsnit (årg. 21 nr. redigeret af Christian Winther, som 2 juni 2008) blev ramt af et par han udsendte i 10. udgave 1898 og lod uheld. Dels gik der i forbindel- D trykke af Kihls Bogtrykkeri, se fig. 2. se med en korrekturtilføjelse kludder i Den er forsynet med blomstervignet- omtalen af de danske Robinson-udgaver, ter og -rammer af Gerhard Heilmann, som må berigtiges,1 dels havde en eller der tilsvarende havde fået til opgave at anden rystet på hånden, så gengivelsen tegne friser og vignetter til Tilskuer­en. af to titelblade til Tilskuer­en s. 20 blev mislykket. Hensigten var at vise, hvordan Fig. 1-2. To titelblade i Er­nst Bojesens layout 1897-98. 17 2. finde på at fremdrage en bog alene for magsdommere er gode at have, at fastslå: “For en nutidig Betragtning når man som amatør søger vejled- fortjener denne Bog… ikke den Ros for ning, og den finder man i rigt mål i vellykket Udstyrelse, som den fik ved sin S 2 Lauritz Nielsens storværk om Den danske Fremkomst”. Bog. Vel endda i lidt for rigeligt mål. Som hele sin generation af bogkyndige stod 3. han under indflydelse af F. Hendriksen, det følgende er det hensigten at sup- stifteren af Foreningen for Boghaand- plere Nielsen med særligt henblik på værk og kendt for sin kritiske artikel om I bøgernes dekorering og illustrering “Vore Bøgers Udstyrelse”, som dec. i sidste halvdel af 1800-tallet og lidt ind 1884 blev trykt i Politiken. Artiklen satte i 1900-tallet. gang i et generationsopgør og fik blandt Deres ydr­e blev i stigende mange gode virkninger også til følge, at grad gjort indbydende med illustrationer det i toneangivende kredse blev gængs på omslagene, der til at begynde med at se ned på 1800-tallets bogfremstil- var udført i træsnit eller litografi, mere ling. Dette fremgår også af Nielsens sjældent i stålstik. Fra 1860erne kan de skildring af tiden ca. 1830-80 som en være udstyret med en farve eller to. jvf. nedgangsperiode, hvor den begyndende fig. 3, og efterhånden vandt flerfarvede industrialisering, “Nedgang i Smagen” omslag indpas i 1870-80erne, men de og “Stilforvirring” bidrog til at forsimple gjaldt fortrinsvis børnebilledbøgerne, og bøgernes udseende. Det er en dom, som det var først fra omkring 1908, da John der kan gives gode argumenterer for, Martins Forlag begyndte at udsende sine men alligevel ikke er helt rimelig, da den billigbogsserier, at omslaget i farver slog generelt har medført en undertrykkelse igennem. Dertil blev det som bekendt af den omstændighed, at der fra ca. almindeligt fra ca. 1850, at forlagene 1840 og 50-60 år frem rådede en festligt udbød bøgerne indbundet i dekorerede stemt dekorationsglæde, der udgør et shirtingsbind, de såkaldte komponerede væsentligt karakteristikum for perioden, bind, der var udsmykket med forgyldte hvad enten man bryder sig om den eller graveringer og som med tiden yder- 18 ej. Nielsen brød sig ikke om den, lige så ligere blev udstyret med dekorationer i lidt som han yndede barokkens ornamen- farver. Fra 1880erne blev der også gjort tale pragt, og han var tilbøjelig til hellere mere ud af forsatspapiret (overhovedet at spille smagsdommerens rolle end ikke omtalt af Nielsen). Det bestod historikerens ved f.eks. at bruge flere længe hovedsagelig af blankt papir, men sider på nedsættende omtale af bøger, blev nu i voksende omfang erstattet som han fandt stilløse og grimme. Det af papir med fine mønstre. Fra sidst i har simpelthen faldet ham svært at ac- 1890erne kom det så meget i fokus, at ceptere, at stil og smag er omskiftelige der reklameredes med forsatser tegnede størrelser. Var han ikke lovlig meget af af kendte kunstnere som Hans Tegner, en pedantisk skolemester, når han kunne Gerhard Heilmann og Th. Bindesbøll.3 19 Fig. 3. Litograferet omslag fra Th. Berghs lithografiske Institut til Baron Münchhausens vidunderlige Reiser og Eventyr, Fr­. Wøldikes For­lag 1861. Rammen er­ i gr­øn far­ve, tegningen usigner­et. Hvad bøgernes indr­e angik, ramme bestående af to streger, således tilrettelæggelsen af bogens indhold, var som det navnlig blev foretrukket i bøger der flere muligheder, når der ønskedes i kvart eller stort oktavformat, som f. gjort noget ekstra ud af en bog. Der eks. senere i Fabricius’ Danmar­kshistor­ie kunne forrest indsættes et titelbillede og Erslevs Den danske Stat 1854-57, Chr. eller billedtitelblad, hvis forekomst fin- Winthers Tr­æsnit, 1871, Holbergs Peder­ des belyst i en tidligere artikel. Denne Paar­s, 1878, og Blichers E Bindstouw, skik kulminerede tilsyneladende i årene 1882. Fra 1860erne og fremefter blev ca. 1875-85, om man ikke vil trække rammerne i særlige tilfælde trykt i farve. den øvre grænse ved 1890, men gik af For blot at nævne nogle få eksempler er brug i 1890erne, så det nærmest virker de blå i Frølichs Hvor­ledes Dagen gaaer­ for­ gammeldags, når Ernst Bojesens Forlag lille Lise, 1863, Thor Langes Fr­a fr­emmede 1903 lod Karl Larsens Seksten Aar­ være Lande, 1876, Drachmanns Sange ved forsynet “Med Titelbillede af Frants Havet, 1877, og M. Goldschmidts Smaa Henningsen”.4 Yderligere kunne teksten Skildr­inger­, 1887, mens de er røde i H. omgærdes med stregrammer, de enkelte C. Andersens Femten Eventyr­ og Histor­ier­, kapitler eller hovedafsnit kunne indledes 1869, Maaneder­ne i Digt og Billeder­ ved med dekorative friser, eventuelt tilsva- Carl Andersen og F. Hendriksen, 1878, rende afsluttes med vignetter, og det Goethes Faust, 1881, Longfellows Den første bogstav i ordet, hvormed de en- gyldne Legende i 2. oplag 1882 (se fig. 4) kelte afsnit blev begyndt, initialbogstavet, og J.V. von Scheffels Tr­ompeter­en fr­a Säk- kunne ornamenteres, i opulente tilfælde kingen, 1887. udformes som en billedinitial. Fra 1890erne er stregrammer Ret almindelige var str­egr­ammer­- kun påtruffet i ganske få bøger. Med ne, som Nielsen lidt modvilligt indrøm- bibliofilt præg er den smukke udgave mede kunne tage sig ganske godt ud, i stort format af Einar Christiansens “naar de er anbragt rigtigt og staar til den Mine Sange, G. Paullis Kunstanstalt anvendte Sats” (s. 184). Han rubricerede 1896 (med illustrationer af Carl Thom- dem iøvrigt som en skik, der rådede fra sen og dobbelte stregrammer i rødt) 1840rne, hvad der andetsteds har ført til og Andreas Dolleris’ bog om Johan- 20 et villedende udsagn om, at de især fore- nes Ewald, 1900 (med illustrationer kom i 1840rne.5 Mere præcist formuleret af forskellige kunstnere og dobbelte blev de anvendt fra senest 1840, kulmin- stregrammer i sort). Sidstnævnte udkom erede i hyppighed ca. 1870-90 og ebbede hos Gyldendal og er i det foreliggende ud i 1890erne. Af tidlige eksempler kan eksemplar udtrykkeligt betegnet som anføres H.P. Holsts Fir­e Romanzer­ fra ‘Bibliofil-Udgave’ (nr. 9 af et oplag 1840, sammes rejseerindringer Ude og på 200). Betegnelsen, der fortrinsvis hjemme fra 1843 og Heibergs Nye Digte findes anvendt om illustrerede bøger fra 1841 (afb. Nielsen s. 176). De er med trykt på godt eller fint papir, stammer rammer i enkelt streg, mens siderne i fra 1890erne, hvor forlagene begyndte Wessels Vær­ker­, 1848, er omgivet af en at fremstille små ekstraoplag på ja- eksempel på en bog fra 1880erne, som skulle være fin uden at være, hvad man kaldte et pragtværk. Som det ses på fig. 4 er der foruden en stregramme i rødt anvendt støbte friser i en slags renæs- sanceornamentik og ornamenterede initialbogstaver­, hvor bogstaverne står i rødt på sort. Bogen er trykt af Nielsen & Lydiche, som har anvendt de samme farvede initialer til ovennævnte Faust og antologien Nyer­e dansk Lyr­ik illustr­er­et af danske For­fatter­e, J.C. Stochholms Forlag 1883. Dog var Stochholms bog flottere anlagt og i overensstemmelse hermed er initialerne piftet op med yderligere et gitterværk af ornamentik. Nært beslægtet med Den gyldne Legende er Tr­ompeter­en fr­a Säkkingen med friser og røde initial- bogstaver, men denne er trykt af Triers Bogtrykkeri. De fleste af datidens bogtrykkerier rådede over et passende Fig. 4. Side i H.W. Longfellow: Den gyldne Legen- udvalg af dekorationsmateriale, så de de. I fri Efterligning ved Thor Lange, 2. Oplag, kunne tilgodese forlæggernes ønsker. Gyldendal 1882. Navnlig hvad de støbte friser angår, pansk papir og tilbyde alternative bind kan der sammensættes et helt album af i ekstraordinært udstyr. Den lanceredes klicheer, som de havde på lager, men det 1897 af Ernst Bojesen om hele oplaget er misvisende, når Nielsen lader forstå af den af Frants Henningsen illustrerede (s. 227), at de var typiske for perioden udgave af Rists En Rekrut fra fire og treds, før ca. 1880. Stikprøver viser, at de var mens man på det Schubotheske Forlag på mode i en halv snes år fra ca. 1878 og forsøgte sig med benævnelsen ‘Mæce- fremefter uden iøvrigt at dominere. Før 21 nat-Eksemplar’, som dog vist hurtigt 1878 forekom de kun sporadisk.8 blev opgivet.6 Karakteristisk for anvendelsen 4. af stregrammelayouten er, at rammerne n del af ornamentikken var im- er anvendt hele bogen igennem, indbe- porteret fra tyske skriftstøberier. fattet titelblade og indholdsfortegnelser. Noget helt andet og af betydelig Blandt et halvthundrede eksempler er E større interesse er de friser og billed- der ikke fundet mere end et enkelt på, at initialer, som danske kunstnere fik til rammen er udeladt på titelbladet.7 opgave at tegne til et mindre antal bøger Den gyldne Legende er et godt og værker.
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