Greenland Minerals Limited and Greenland Minerals & Energy
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Greenland Minerals Limited and Greenland Minerals & Energy A/S Kvanefjeld Project Social Impact Assessment July 2018 Shared Resources Pty Ltd 1. INTRODUCTION 18 1.1 Overview of the Project 18 1.2 Background 19 1.3 Objective of the SIA 20 1.4 General Approach 20 1.5 Study Areas and Temporal Boundaries 21 1.6 Structure of the Report 22 2. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.1.1 Purpose and scope of document 23 2.1.2 Project description 23 2.1.3 Social Impact Assessment process 25 2.1.4 Study Areas and Temporal Boundaries 27 2.1.5 Structure of the Impact Assessment 27 2.2 Assessment of Alternatives 27 2.3 Baseline 29 2.4 Assessment of Impacts 30 2.4.1 National and local economy 31 2.4.2 Employment and Labour Conditions 31 2.4.3 Land use and land-based livelihoods 33 2.4.4 Ocean resources and ocean-based livelihoods 34 2.4.5 Occupational health and safety 35 2.4.6 Community Health and Safety and Security 36 2.4.7 Social structures and community life 39 2.4.8 Cumulative impacts 41 2.5 Benefit and Impact Plan 41 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 60 3.1 Project Setting 60 3.1.1 History of mineral exploration 60 3.1.2 What is being mined and why 60 3.1.3 Local community 61 3.2 Overview of operations 62 3.3 Project phases 64 3.3.1 The Mine 64 3.3.2 Waste Rock Stockpile 66 3.3.3 Concentrator and refinery 68 3.3.4 Tailings Facilities 69 3.3.4.1 Overview of Tailings Storage Facility 69 3.3.4.2 Operation of the Tailing Storage Facility 73 3.3.4.3 Decommissioning and closure phase 73 3.3.4.4 Post-closure 74 2 3.3.5 Flotation tailings 76 3.3.6 Refinery tailings 76 3.3.7 Chemical and radiological properties of the tailings 77 3.4 The Port 77 3.5 Handling of Radioactive Material 79 3.5.1 Overall management 79 3.5.2 Health and safety of employees 79 3.5.3 Security of nuclear products 79 3.6 Water Management 80 3.6.1 Water balance 80 3.6.2 Surface water management 81 3.6.3 Water discharge 82 3.7 Support Infrastructure 82 3.7.1 Administration and accommodation 82 3.7.2 Airports 84 3.7.3 Transport Facilities 84 3.7.4 Electricity and Gas Supply 84 3.7.5 Domestic and industrial waste handling 85 3.7.6 Hazardous material handling (hydrocarbons, explosives) 85 3.7.7 Fencing 85 3.7.8 Dangerous Goods Storage and Handling 86 3.7.9 Pipelines 86 3.8 Labour and services 86 3.9 Project footprint 87 3.10 Decommissioning, Closure and Rehabilitation 87 3.11 Project Investment 89 3.11.1 Capital Cost 89 3.11.2 Operating Cost 90 4. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 91 4.1 Legislation and Regulation Applicable in Greenland 91 4.1.1 Mineral Resource Act 93 4.1.2 Large Scale Act 94 4.1.3 Greenland Working Environment Act 95 4.1.4 Application of the Aliens Act in Greenland 95 4.2 National Guidelines 95 4.3 International Standards and Guidelines 96 4.4 International Security Obligations 96 5. ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENT 98 5.1 Not proceeding with the Project 98 5.2 Level of Processing 98 5.2.1 Scenario 1: Concentrator-only 98 5.2.2 Scenario 2: Mechanical (concentrator) and chemical processing (refinery) 99 3 5.2.3 Scenario 3: Greenland Separation Plant 99 5.3 Alternative Facility Locations 100 5.4 Port Location 101 5.5 Accommodation Facilities 102 5.6 Tailings management alternatives 103 5.7 Energy alternatives 104 6. BASELINE DESCRIPTION 105 6.1 Social and Cultural Setting 106 6.1.1 Civil Society 107 6.2 Demographics 108 6.2.1 Age and Gender Distribution 113 6.2.2 Migration and Mobility in the Population 114 6.3 Economy 116 6.3.1 National economy 116 6.3.1.1 Description of business activity 118 6.3.1.2 Challenges to the public budget 119 6.3.2 Regional and Local Economy 120 6.4 Education 122 6.4.1 Professional Education and Training 125 6.5 Community Health 129 6.5.1 Health Infrastructure 129 6.5.2 Health Services 130 6.5.3 Health Status 131 6.5.3.1 Communicable Diseases 131 6.5.3.2 Non-Communicable Diseases 134 6.5.3.3 Social and Emotional Wellbeing 136 6.6 Land Use, Ecosystem Services and Socio-Cultural Values 139 6.6.1 Land Use and Tenure 139 6.6.2 Ecosystem Services 140 6.6.3 Socio-Cultural Values and Cultural Heritage Sites 146 6.7 Livelihood Activities and Employment 148 6.7.1 Employment 148 6.7.1.1 Unemployment 153 6.7.1.2 Challenges facing the labour market 155 6.7.1.3 Vocational Training and Job Readiness Initiatives 155 6.7.2 Land–based livelihood activities 156 6.7.3 Ocean-based livelihood activities 157 6.8 Community Infrastructure 157 6.8.1 Housing 158 6.8.2 Information and Communication Technology 158 6.8.3 Water Supply 158 6.8.4 Power Supply and Heating 160 6.8.5 Waste Management 160 4 6.8.6 Transport networks 161 6.8.6.1 Air Transport 161 6.8.6.2 Sea Transport 162 6.8.6.3 Qaqortoq Airport 164 6.8.7 Social Services and Facilities 164 6.9 Vulnerable People 165 7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT 166 7.1 Social Impact Assessment Methodology 166 7.2 National and Local Economy 168 7.2.1 Greenlandic Employment and Procurement 168 7.2.1.1 Project Activities Affecting Greenlandic Employment and Procurement 168 7.2.1.2 Potential Greenlandic Employment and Procurement Impacts 168 7.2.1.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures for Greenlandic Employment and Procurement 170 7.2.1.4 Residual Greenlandic Employment and Procurement Impacts 170 7.2.2 Greenlandic Processing 170 7.2.2.1 Project Activities Affecting Greenlandic Processing 170 7.2.2.2 Potential Greenlandic Processing Impacts 172 7.2.2.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Affecting Greenlandic Processing 172 7.2.2.4 Residual Greenlandic Processing Impacts 172 7.2.3 Government Revenue 173 7.2.3.1 Project Activities Affecting Government Revenue 173 7.2.3.2 Potential Government Revenue Impacts 173 7.2.3.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Related to Government Revenue 174 7.2.3.4 Residual Government Revenue Impacts 174 7.2.4 Inequitable Distribution of Benefits 174 7.2.4.1 Project Activities Affecting the Distribution of Benefits 174 7.2.4.2 Potential Distribution of Benefits Impacts 175 7.2.4.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Related to Distribution of Benefits 175 7.2.4.4 Residual Distribution of Benefits Impact 175 7.3 Employment and Labour Conditions 176 7.3.1 Greenlandic Employment Levels 176 7.3.1.1 Project Activities Affecting Greenlandic Employment Levels 176 7.3.1.2 Potential Greenlandic Employment Level Impacts 180 7.3.1.3 Mitigation / Enhancement of Greenland Employment Level Impacts 180 7.3.1.4 Residual Impacts of Greenlandic Employment Levels 181 7.3.2 Training and Work Skills Capacity Building 181 7.3.2.1 Project Activities Affecting Training and Work Skills Capacity Building 181 7.3.2.2 Potential Training and Work Skills Capacity Building Impacts 182 7.3.2.3 Mitigation/ Enhancement of Training and Work Skills Capacity Building 182 7.3.2.4 Residual Training and Work Skills Capacity Building 183 7.3.3 Indirect Employment and Local Procurement 183 7.3.3.1 Project Activities Affecting Indirect Employment and Local Procurement 183 7.3.3.2 Potential Indirect Employment and Local Procurement 184 7.3.3.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures for Indirect Employment and Local Procurement 184 7.3.3.4 Residual Indirect Employment and Local Procurement Impacts 184 7.3.4 Labour Conditions 184 7.3.4.1 Project Activities Affecting Labour Conditions 184 7.3.4.2 Potential Labour Conditions Impacts 185 5 7.3.4.3 Mitigation / Enhancement affecting Labour Conditions 185 7.3.4.4 Residual Labour Conditions Impacts 185 7.3.5 Workforce Accommodation 185 7.3.5.1 Project Activities Affecting Workforce Accommodation 185 7.3.5.2 Potential Workforce Accommodation Impacts 187 7.3.5.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures for Workplace Accommodation Impacts 188 7.3.5.4 Residual Workplace Accommodation Impacts 189 7.4 Land-Use and Land Based Livelihoods 191 7.4.1 Economic Displacement Due to Land Occupation and Land Access Restrictions 191 7.4.1.1 Project Activities Affecting Land-Based Economic Displacement 191 7.4.1.2 Potential Land-Based Economic Displacement Impacts 192 7.4.1.3 Mitigation / Enhance Measures for Land-Based Economic Displacement Impacts 193 7.4.1.4 Residual Land-Based Economic Displacement Measures 194 7.4.2 Ecosystem services 194 7.4.2.1 Project Activities Affecting Ecosystem Services 194 7.4.2.2 Potential Ecosystem Services Impacts 195 7.4.2.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Related to Ecosystem Services 196 7.4.2.4 Residual Ecosystem Services Impacts 196 7.4.3 Tourism 196 7.4.3.1 Project Activities Affecting Tourism 196 7.4.3.2 Potential Tourism Impacts 196 7.4.3.3 Mitigations / Enhancement Related to Tourism 197 7.4.3.4 Residual Tourism Impacts 197 7.5 Ocean Resources and Ocean-Based Livelihoods 199 7.5.1 Economic Displacement Due to Access Restrictions and Impacts to Ocean Resources 199 7.5.1.1 Project Activities Affecting Ocean-Based Economic Displacement 199 7.5.1.2 Potential Ocean-based Economic Displacement Impacts 199 7.5.1.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Related to Ocean-Based Economic Displacement 199 7.5.1.4 Residual Ocean-Based Economic Displacement Impacts 200 7.6 Occupational Health and Safety 200 7.6.1 Risk of accidents 200 7.6.1.1 Project Activities Affecting the Risk of Accidents 200 7.6.1.2 Potential Risk of Accident Impacts 201 7.6.1.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Related to Risk of Accidents 201 7.6.1.4 Residual Risk of Accidents Impact 202 7.6.2 Radiation Exposure 202 7.6.2.1 Project Activities Affecting Radiation Exposure 202 7.6.2.2 Potential Radiation Exposure Impacts 204 7.6.2.3 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures Related to Radiation Exposure 206 7.6.2.4 Residual Radiation Exposure Impact 207 7.7 Community Health, Safety and Security 207 7.7.1 Dust and Air Quality 207 7.7.1.1 Project Activities Affecting