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125896_2_v1 1 7/20/07 11:46:15 AM SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2007 VOLUME 110, NUMBER 1

FEATURES page 11 34 Honorable Forester Peter Ashton’s productive immersion in tropical forests now yields crucial information about biodiversity and threatened ecosystems TOM MOSSER

KRIS SNIBBE/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE by Christopher Reed page 59

DEPARTMENTS 40 Writing as Performance A literary scholar deconstructs his own texts 4 Cambridge 02138 to reveal what it costs to “write about the other as Communications from our readers if your life depended on it” 11 Right Now Stephen Greenblatt Calcium channels and male by contraceptives, bad bets and bad apples, the evolution of Vita: Gordon McKay faith, moderating macho 48 Brief life of an inventor with a lasting Harvard 19 Montage legacy: 1821-1903 Screen savant, dance master, Harry R. Lewis contemporary chamber music, by the poet-curator, and more 32A New England Regional 50 Bricks and Politics page 34 Section The sometimes-indelicate interaction of design, community interest, A seasonal calendar, the modern style in historic homes, and institutional desire that shapes the buildings Harvard erects and a tasty, tiny restaurant by Joan Wickersham 78 The Alumni Two politicians who have opted out, 59 John Harvard’s Journal HAA’s new president, “Justice” made The Law School’s big moving day, President Drew Faust arrives at Massachusetts mobile, Hunn Award winners, and more Hall, the Medical School’s new dean, multiplying interests for the scholar of 84 The College Pump LOUISE MURRAY/ROBERT HARDING WORLD IMAGERY/CORBIS multiple intelligences, the campus under construction Paths straight and true, and the man on the map and reconstructed, rescheduling the academic calendar, 92 Treasure inaugurating the School of Engineering and Applied Preserving pulp pleasures Sciences, University people in the news, competitors 85 Crimson Classiﬁeds with GUTS, strong support for professorships, an unused Arboretum asset, the departing Harvard College On the cover: Harvard’s dean, student homes away from home, fresh high-rise housing complex at One Western Avenue. “Undergraduate” fellows, soccer stars, rugged women

Photograph by Jim Harrison. ROBERT ADAM MAYER playing rugby, and a preview of fall sports

page 19 Harvard Magazine 3 www.harvardmagazine.com

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Editor: John S. Rosenberg Executive Editor: Christopher Reed Senior Editor: Jean Martin 02138 Managing Editor: Jonathan S. Shaw Deputy Editor: Craig Lambert Cambridge Production and New Media Manager: Mark Felton Le professeur, global warming and deficits, outside the academy Assistant Editor: Nell Porter Brown Art Director: Jennifer Carling Assistant Art Director: Vera Leung Berta Greenwald Ledecky FAITH AND UNBELIEF Undergraduate Fellows I am surprised Casey N. Cep, Emma M. Lind that Katherine Dunn Editorial Interns: (“Faculty Faith,” July-August, page 15) Eliza M. Pickering, Anna Reinhard does not refer to the main historical Web Intern: Blaise Freeman source of the higher percentage of “non- believers” among faculty than in the gen- Contributing Editors eral public. It derives, like the secular uni- John T. Bethell, John de Cuevas, Adam versity itself, from the Enlightenment of Goodheart, Max Hall, Jim Harrison, Harbour Fraser Hodder, Christopher S. the eighteenth century and its embarrass- Johnson, Adam Kirsch, Colleen Lannon, ment about and hostility toward religion. Deborah Smullyan, Mark Steele, Janet Harvard historian Crane Brinton has Tassel, Edward Tenner stated, “The spirit of the Enlightenment is hostile to organized religion....The cor- Editorial and Business O≠ice rosiveness of the Enlightenment is 7 Ware Street, nowhere clearer than in its attack on Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037 Tel. 617-495-5746; fax: 617-495-0324 Christianity.” The result is the continuing Website: www.harvardmagazine.com embarrassment about religion in the Reader services: academy and the fact that divinity schools of psychology and biology. A simple ques- 617-495-5746 or 800-648-4499 in secular universities are usually at the tion such as, “When did you become a bottom of the status hierarchy. I speak as nonbeliever?” might reveal that disbelief HARVARD MAGAZINE INC. President: Henry Rosovsky, Jf ’57, one raised by fine atheist parents in Green- predated the choice of discipline. If so, Ph.D. ’59, LL.D. ’98. Directors: Richard wich Village and with graduate study in maybe it wasn’t that psychology and biol- H. Gilman, M.B.A. ’83, Leslie E. physics and the philosophy of religion. ogy made these professors into nonbeliev- Greis ’80, Alex S. Jones, Nf ’82, Bill Owen C. Thomas ers, as the article suggests, but rather that Kovach, Nf ’89, Kay Kaufman Shelemay, Berkeley, Calif. their disbelief contributed to their chosen Alan J. Stone, Richard Tuck career path. Harvard Magazine (ISSN 0095-2427) is published bimonthly Academics’ belief or nonbelief in God is Jorge Colapinto by Harvard Magazine Inc., a nonprofit corporation, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, phone 617- only one part of their views on religion. Wynnewood, Pa. 495-5746; fax 617-495-0324. The magazine is supported by reader contributions and subscriptions, advertising rev- Organized religion provides powerful rit- enue, and a subvention from Harvard University. Its edi- uals and supportive communities for the Statements appear in Dunn’s report torial content is the responsibility of the editors. Periodi- cals postage paid at Boston, Mass., and additional mailing like-minded, which help to stave o≠ anxi- supposedly giving varied percentages of o≠ices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Circulation ety and despair at the present state of those who are “agnostic”; I beg to dis- Department, Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cam- bridge, Mass. 02138-4037. Subscription rate $30 a year in a≠airs by connecting participants to rich agree. In fact, 100 percent of college pro- U.S. and possessions, $55 Canada and Mexico, $75 other foreign. (Allow up to 10 weeks for first delivery.) Sub- heritages of music, architecture, liturgy, fessors are agnostics; so are 100 percent of scription orders and customer service inquiries should be and ethical activity. For just such reasons, garage mechanics, clergy (any and all sent to the Circulation Department, Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, or call 617- one can be an agnostic and also an adher- faiths), and stockbrokers. 495-5746 or 800-648-4499, or e-mail addresschanges@harvard.edu. Single copies $4.95, plus $2.50 for postage and ent of an organized religion. The most basic definition of “agnostic” handling. Manuscript submissions are welcome, but we David C. Balderston is someone who does not know. No one cannot assume responsibility for safekeeping. Include stamped, self-addressed envelope for manuscript re- New York City has ever known where this cosmos/exis- turn. Persons wishing to reprint any portion of Harvard tence originated, why it is here, or how it Magazine’s contents are required to write in advance for permission. Address inquiries to Catherine A. Chute, It may not take “a longitudinal study will all end up. It seems highly unlikely publisher, at the address given above. Copyright over decades” to find out why nonbeliev- that anyone will ever know. Obviously, © 2007 Harvard Magazine Inc. ers are overrepresented among professors many people pick a faith-fable of their

4 September - October 2007 M 1911. 49150/B01A-9095 pushpieces. Screwed-in crownandscrew-locked luminescent hourmarkers andhands. resistant to 150 m( antimagneticscreen.Water-Soft-iron Selfwinding mechanical movement. OVERSEAS CHRONOGRAPH © Photographer: Dany Herbreteau THAN ORE When the Lost Cityofthe Incaswas discovered inPeru, Vacheron Constantin was 156 years old. ~ 490 feet). 18K gold 250 ER FUITRUTDHISTORY UNINTERRUPTED OF YEARS ... EIAE OPERFECTION TO DEDICATED … choosing, or more likely the faith-fable my case, has demonstrated the impor- popular in their family or neighborhood. tance of speaking truth to power in the I have no quarrel with that, so long as classroom as well as outside it. Hard they don’t try to use it to control my life. though it is, I am still teaching interna- There is no great onus to being agnos- tional relations, especially American for- Publisher: Catherine A. Chute tic, other than the obvious fact that you eign policy, to the next generation! Director of Finance: Diane H. Yung will never be elected president of the Linda B. Miller ’59 Director of Circulation: Felecia Carter United States. And consider the most Adjunct professor, Brown University Director of Marketing charming and endearing quality of ag- South Wellfleet, Mass. Cara Ferragamo Murray nostics: they do not send missionaries! Director of Advertising Lyle R. Davidson, M.A.T. ’68 Editor’s note: The scholarly Stanley Robert D. Fitta Advertising Account Manager San Diego Ho≠mann discovered one mistake in the article. “The Germans didn’t get to Nice Myha Nguyen Production/Design Associate LE PROFESSEUR until after the capitulation of Italy in Congratulations Jennifer Beaumont to Craig Lambert September 1943,” he notes. “Between No- Classified Advertising Manager on his article about international-rela- vember 1942, when the Germans moved Elizabeth Connolly tions scholar Stanley Ho≠mann (“Le into most of previously unoccupied Circulation and Fundraising Professeur,” July-August, page 32). I France, and September 1943, the Nazis Manager: Lucia Whalen studied at Harvard from 1969 to 1971 be- graciously left Nice to the Italians, whose Gift Processor: Sarha J. Caraballo fore joining the British Diplomatic Ser- occupation was perfectly harmless.” Business Interns: Kathryn L. Koch, vice (from which I recently retired), and Katie McCully my memory of the Ho≠mann courses I FIX GLOBAL WARMING, DEFICITS took or audited (notably “War”) is one It was painfully gratifying to read IVY LEAGUE MAGAZINE NETWORK of my strongest from that tumultuous in Jonathan Shaw’s “Debtor Nation,” Tel. 617-496-7207 Associate Publisher, Sales time—marked as it was by the student (July-August, page 40) that nearly all the Lawrence J. Brittan, Tel. 631-754-4264 “contestation” of the period about Viet- experts agree on how serious a problem New York Advertising Sales nam. Experiencing it first hand was a are our combined national budget Beth Bernstein, Tel. 908-654-5050 political education in itself. I was fasci- deficits and trade deficits. It was disap- Mary Anne MacLean, Tel. 631-367-1988 nated by his blend of European and pointing, however, not to see any men- Tom Schreckinger, Tel. 212-327-4645 American sensibilities. tion of the best solution. Travel Advertising Sales All my professional life I have Global warming has encouraged some Northeast Media Inc., Tel. 203-255-8800 benefited from the experience of his of us to consider energy conservation Detroit Advertising Sales teaching and insights (and those of Karl and alternative sources of energy in an Media Performance Group Tel. 248-960-9447 Deutsch), and I am delighted to read that e≠ort to reduce greenhouse gases. Those Southwest Advertising Sales he is still so hale and active at Harvard. solutions are also the best way to ad- Daniel Kellner, Tel. 972-529-9687 Charles de Chassiron, M.P.A. ’71 dress those deficits. West Coast Advertising Sales London Most of the technology is already in Virtus Media Sales, Tel. 310-478-3833 place to replace every drop of imported West Coast Travel Advertising Sales As coeditor and coauthor of the petroleum by bio-fuels (not ethanol, but The Holleran Group, Tel. 707-935-9296 Ho≠mann festschrift, I read with pride artificial petroleum, produced via pyrol- and pleasure the long-overdue profile of ysis from plant waste, animal carcass Board of Incorporators Harvard’s best professor, Stanley Ho≠- waste, and “poop,” cost-e≠ective when This magazine, at first called the Harvard Bulletin, was founded in 1898. Its Board of Incorporators was char- mann. You captured his humanity as well the price of petroleum is at or above $50 tered in 1924 and remains active in the magazine’s as his brilliance, his loyalty to friends as a barrel), but so far the political will to governance. The membership is as follows: Stephen J. well as his skepticism of cant. Harvard is make that a priority is missing. It has Bailey, AMP ’94; Je≠rey S. Behrens ’89, William I. Ben- nett ’62, M.D. ’69; John T. Bethell ’54; Peter K. Bol; Fox richer for his half-century of pathbreak- been estimated that if we gained our pe- Butterfield ’61, A.M. ’64; Sewell Chan ’98, Jonathan S. ing scholarship, his inspiring career as a troleum exclusively from plants, they Cohn ’91; Philip M. Cronin ’53, J.D. ’56; John de Cuevas ’52; Casimir de Rham ’46, J.D. ’49; James F. public intellectual whose life, at least in could be sustainably grown in approxi- Dwinell III ’62; Anne Fadiman ’74; Benjamin M. mately 30 percent of our arable land, Friedman ’66, Ph.D. ’71; Robert H. Giles, Nf ’66; Owen NEWS ON OUR WEBSITE Gingerich, Ph.D. ’62; James Glassman ’69; Adam K. which is an amount not currently Goodheart ’92; Max Hall, Nf ’50; Philip C. Haughey For coverage of breaking news at needed for food production anyway. ’57, Brian R. Hecht ’92; Sarah Bla≠er Hrdy ’68, Ph.D. ’75; Ellen Hume ’68; Alex S. Jones, Nf ’82; Bill Kovach, Harvard, the editors invite you to If the United States were to stop im- Nf ’89; Florence Ladd, BI ’72; Anthony Lewis ’48, Nf visit the magazine’s website, www.- porting petroleum in favor of artificial ’57; Scott Malkin ’80, J.D./M.B.A. ’83; Lisa L. Martin, Ph.D. ’90; David McClintick ’62; John P. Reardon Jr. harvardmagazine.com. There you home-grown petroleum, the major part ’60; Harriet Ritvo ’68, Ph.D. ’75; Henry Rosovsky, Jf can also register for “Editor’s High- of the trade deficit would disappear. Our ’57, Ph.D. ’59, LL.D. ’98; Barbara Rudolph ’77; Robert lights,” a summary of the contents of military budget currently exceeds the N. Shapiro ’72, J.D. ’78; Theda Skocpol, Ph.D. ’75; Peter A. Spiers ’76; Scott H. Stossel ’91; William O. Taylor each new issue, e-mailed just as that combined total of all the military bud- ’54; Sherry Turkle ’69, Ph.D. ’76; Robert H. Weiss ’54; issue is posted on the website. gets of all the other countries of the Elizabeth Winship ’43; Jan Ziolkowski. world, but without needing to “protect”

6 September - October 2007 LETTERS our foreign sources of oil, we could drastically reduce the military budget to a sane level. If the rest of the world were to join such a program, Middle Eastern ter- rorism aimed at us would dry up overnight without the Saudi oil money to fuel it, freeing up more of our national budget. And, somewhere along the way, Give and we would reverse the greenhouse-gases problem. It’s a win-win-win situation. When do we start? John Fitzhugh Millar ’66 get back. Williamsburg, Va

CERTIFIED BY HARVARD In his Class Day address (“I See You,” July-August, page 55), Bill Clinton reminded the Harvard community that all humans are 99.9 percent identical in our Make a genetic makeup. He urged us to think more about our similarities and less about the di≠erences arising from one-thou- sandth part of our genetic material. Since planned gift. “For me, giving back we are so nearly alike, it seems probable that most of the vast di≠erences in people’s life circumstances can be attributed is primary, and the to the accidental factors of birth environments and early education, rather than innate ability. retirement planning is However, the premise of our academic system is that our innate di≠erences are overwhelmingly important. A Harvard degree is supposed to identify its holder a happy concomitant.” as extraordinarily smart, and to certify his or her contribution as uniquely valuable to public discourse. The tremendous power of the Harvard brand helps to sus- -Michael Cooper AB ’57, tain the belief that the only knowledge worth having is that certiﬁed by an academic degree, and the only people worth LLB ’60 consulting on any question are those with academic credentials. Even though we For more information, know that brilliant academics can be please contact: clueless in areas outside their specialties, and that most of the useful knowledge Anne McClintock and wisdom of humanity is gained and Alasdair Halliday passed along outside the walls of the ivory tower, we tend to accept academic John Christel certiﬁcation as the sine qua non of human Ericka Webb achievement. University Planned Giving In another of this year’s Commence- PHONE (888) 206-4213 ment speeches (page 57), Bill Gates asked FAX (617) 495-8130 Harvard University for what purpose “one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world” EMAIL [email protected] 124 Mount Auburn Street was gathered at Harvard. He indicated WEB Cambridge, MA that he thought it was to solve the com- post.harvard.edu/pgo 02138-5795 plex problems facing humanity, especially the problem of how to reduce inequity. If the Harvard community believes that the PGO 07-343

Harvard Magazine 7 LETTERS academy alone can provide the answers to ria. To subjugate a nation of tens of mil- this problem—not to mention the prob- ADDENDUM: DEATH WISHES lions of people now requires a commit- lems of nuclear proliferation, environ- In his “vita” on Wendell Phillips ment of lives, resources, and ruthlessness mental devastation, war, and global pan- (May-June, page 38), Castle Freeman that no democratic people would find ac- demics—we will fail to deliver what cited but was unable to name an el- ceptable—even if they were to employ Gates said “the world has a right to ex- derly gentleman who made the obser- Ferguson’s reprehensible “solution” of pect from us.” Much of the knowledge we vation that “he did not plan to attend drafting the unemployed, undocumented, need to solve these problems must be the funeral of Wendell Phillips [but] and imprisoned toward that e≠ort. sought outside academia. wished it known that he approved of Occupation is the essential enterprise in Only poor people, for example, really it.” Classmates Gretchen Becker ’63 erecting an empire. And it is a profoundly understand poverty. All the world’s and William C. Waterhouse ’63 have brutal and dehumanizing enterprise. This academic experts on poverty put to- informed the editors independently is especially true when the occupying force gether can never solve this problem un- that the speaker in question was Judge is fighting far from home and is unfamiliar less they are willing to learn from the Rockwood Hoar, A.B. 1835, of Concord, with the local culture. Missing from Fer- poor. One impoverished mother who Massachusetts. The reference appears guson’s thinking is the basic concept of na- has raised bright and healthy children on page 145 of Memories and Experiences of tional sovereignty and the much more could tell us more about education than Moncure Daniel Conway, an 1854 graduate e≠ective and uplifting e≠ort to lead by ex- many a professor of child development. of Harvard Divinity School. ample. That these basic lessons of modern If it wishes to help our species survive history have been lost on such an eminent into the next century, Harvard needs to money but the ability and willingness to historian is testament to the supremely find the humility to act as a convener of blend with, charm, or impress the tiny blinding nature of the hubris, jingoism, all necessary parties, rather than as the class of people who run the world. People and exceptionalism at the heart of Anglo- repository of all necessary expertise. who refuse to pretend that they are American conservatism. Given that people really di≠er very lit- significantly smarter than non-Harvar- Even the best-trained and most disci- tle in general intelligence, Harvard has dians need not apply. Harvard people are plined fighting force in human history, had to erect many barriers to keep out self-selected to over-value our di≠erences the United States military, is rife with most people and so maintain the value of and under-value our common humanity. daily horror stories highlighting the wick- its brand. These barriers include not only Such self-selection might be good for edness and futility of attempting to sub- individual survival and yet counter-pro- jugate a foreign nation in the modern ERRATA ductive for the survival of the species. It world. Ferguson’s historical insight Due to an editing error in “Debtor will take the combined genius of all hu- should be greatly improved if he would Nation” (July-August, page 40), Pres- mankind to get us through the dangers take a sabbatical from romanticizing and ident Dwight D. Eisenhower’s ac- we now face. Harvard will have to learn mythologizing the glory years of the nine- tions during the Suez crisis were in- —and to teach—the value of wisdom teenth-century British empire, civilizing accurately described. Although he with or without the proper credentials, if unruly natives around the world, and en- did block the International Monetary it is to play its optimal role during the list in the Coalition e≠ort in Iraq, where Fund from stabilizing the pound challenges ahead. he can experience firsthand the horrible sterling, he did not direct the Fed- Jane Collins ’71 reality of empire-building today. eral Reserve to orchestrate a run on Medford, Mass. Ricardo Hinkle, M.L.A. ’90 the currency. The run originated in New York City the private sector. The correct ver- WRONG-HEADED ON EMPIRE sion of the text may be found on-line It is astonishingly wrong-headed, CURRICULAR REFORM and in a PDF available for download anachronistic, and oblivious for an histo- Reporting on the debate about cur-

at www.harvard- rian of the stature and scholarship of ricular change in the Faculty of Arts and

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magazine.com/- N Niall Ferguson to be promoting empire in Sciences (“College Curriculum Change

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2007/07/debtor- B the twenty-ﬁrst century, as reported in Completed,” July-August, page 65), you

nation.html. E “The Global Empire of Niall Ferguson” say that I “voiced the concern that the

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note about the Post World War II history clearly shows tion between students’ studies and the

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election of Bayles T that each and every e≠ort at colonial domi- rest of their lives, was insu∞ciently schol-

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professor of medi- C nation has been a costly and abject failure, arly, perhaps even anti-intellectual.” This cine Michael B. Brenner to the Na- fraught with death, destruction, misery, account is highly misleading. tional Academy of Sciences (July-Au- anger, resentment, blowback, and signiﬁ- I have no objection to the idea that a gust, page 64), the editors ran a cant loss of strength and stature for the ag- general-education requirement should be photograph of Michael P. Brenner, gressor nation. Modern improvements in composed of subjects that will be of par- Glover professor of applied mathe- communication have made ethnic and na- ticular value to students in their lives matics and applied physics. Michael tional cohesion a much stronger and more after Harvard. What I was objecting to B. appears here. potent force against an occupying foreign were clauses in the legislation specifying military than in the days of Queen Victo- that all courses qualifying for general-ed-

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""$ "$ $$# " $ ( %%#$$"$!%$ # $$ MLK%$$#" ## "#$$ $ %" # $#$"#$ # $## $#"$"#$# '( "$ $ " $"#" " &" $# # " "# '#"" JILHGLFJEEDECL "# #%$$ $# "# # # " ($ "# "$# " "$ HBAA$" '#$& " BCGBA$ &"$#$ " &$ #% &$ '"# $# # $ "$ # " # $$ $ %"#$ ( "# ' # "#$ (#$$'$"#$"$ "!%"$# $$#$$& $$ LETTERS ucation credit must connect their subject matter with issues of practical concern to students now and later, as distinct from whatever specific intellectual interest 0.&*"..,-+,+.(.$-+0, they may have in the subject matter. Con- )""/&*$.*! %+0-!4. trary to what the general-education legislation passed by the Faculty demands, 2"'*+22%"-"4+0-" +)&*$ any course that ensures a broad under- #-+)*!2"'*+2%+2/+ standing of (say) fundamental physics $"/4+02%"-"4+02*//+ " should qualify for general education credit in science, whether or not it relates &* " +))+*2"(/% the physics it deals with to other matters +-(!2&!"%.,-+1&!"! of broad concern. The same is true for "3 ",/&+*( %0##"0-"! general education courses in other areas. /-*.,+-//&+*."-1& ".#+- To be sure, science courses must be avail- 2&!"--4+#!&. -&)&*/&*$ able that appeal to non-scientists, as well (&"*/"("&* (0!&*$"3" 0/&1". as literature courses for non-poets, philoso- ,-+#"..+-.,-&1/"&- -#/ phy for non-philosophers, and so on. Draw- ,.."*$"-.*!%+/"($0"./. ing connections with issues of broad and practical concern is one way to design such +))+*2"(/%+-(!2&!" courses. But the aims of general education (030-4 %0##"-"!/-*.,+-//&+* do not require that all students, whether -"!"#&*"!&*+./+*"2+-' they are scientists, poets, or philosophers, *!-+0*!/%"$(+ " must take courses of this kind. Thomas M. Scanlon Jr., Ph.D. ’68 Alford professor of natural religion, "."-1"4+0-*"3/,-")&"- +-,+-/"*!"1"*//-1"(2&/% moral philosophy, and civil polity Cambridge +))+*2"(/%+-(!2&!"%0##"0-"! -*.,+-//&+**!"3,"-&"* "/%" REUNION UNION 2-!2&**&*$."-1& "4+0!"."-1" The july-august issue has an obit for Edward A. Meany ’48. We won’t forget him. He arrived at our thirty-fifth reunion in 1983 with a charming woman he wished to wed. Someone who knew his way around local government convinced Ed and the lady to marry as part of our re- -+0!(4."-1&*$"2+-'+./+**!/%"2+-(! union. On June 6, during a boat tour of Boston Harbor, the captain headed the boat into the wind, the bride clutched a 2&**"-+#+,./"./-+2&*$ **"-&/4+),*&".&*/%"* $5&*" bouquet of plastic flowers from the dining area, and one of the three ministers in our class performed the wedding ceremony in the open on the main deck, greeted by cheers of classmates and wives. A union at the reunion, one never to be forgotten. Justin Fishbein ’48 Discover PapuaPapua New New GuineaGuinea Highland Park, Ill. A must for explorers, naturalists, art collectors and world-class scuba divers. Experience five-star wilderness lodges and deluxe expeditionary cruises.A thousand destinations in one. Be wel- SPEAK UP, PLEASE comed by a unique, friendly and colorful people, each with their own distinct cultures and traditions. Papua New Guinea Tourism Ph: (949) 752-5440 Fax: (949) 476-3741 Harvard Magazine welcomes letters 5000 Birch Street, Suite 3000 • Newport Beach, CA 92660 Email: [email protected] • Web: www.pngtourism.org.pg on its contents. Please write to “Let- ters,” Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge 02138, send comments by e-mail to [email protected], use our website, www.harvardmagazine.- com, or fax us at 617-495-0324. Letters Affluence. Influence. Readers for Life. may be edited to fit the available space. www.ivymags.com

10 September - October 2007 Right Now The expanding Harvard universe

CATSPER CONTRACEPTIVE (short for “cation channel of sperm”). To understand how CatSper works, Clapham’s team engineered so-called “knock-out” Slowing Sperm mice that lacked the CatSper gene. Deleting it had no e≠ect on female mice, but male mice without it “were 100 percent infertile,” any women fantasize about that’s not our field,’” Clapham says. “But I Clapham reports. it: a male birth-control pill. always think you learn something when you He then turned to two researchers MAfter all, most existing contra- go new places, so we decided to pursue it.” known for their work on sperm: the late ceptives place sole responsibil- The fact that this calcium channel appeared David Garbers of the University of Texas ity for preventing pregnancy on the fe- to be so specific intrigued him. “Rarely do Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, male partner. And hormone-based op- you find ion channels that [exist] only in and Donner Babcock of the University of tions such as the pill, though e≠ective, one place,” he explains. They discovered Washington in Seattle. Subsequent work also come with potential side e≠ects, in- that this channel developed only in in their labs revealed that CatSper helps cluding an increased risk for life-threat- the tails of mature the sperm prepare for the final leg of ening blood clots in some women. But re- sperm, and named their journey to the egg. cent discoveries about sperm made in the it CatSper Once ejaculated, sperm ordinar- lab of David Clapham, Castañeda professor ily swim with “a sort of sinusoidal of cardiovascular research, could now make motion,” Clapham says. “The tail this fantasy real. moves back and forth in this Clapham says he never set out to unlock symmetric the mysteries of sperm; his research focuses not on reproduction, but on the ion channels found in heart and nerve cells. These gateways in cell membranes allow charged molecules to flow in and out. “Ion channels are basically the transistors of cells,” Clapham explains. “All cells are batteries, and ion channels are like the switches on those batteries.” He’s particularly interested in calcium channels, which play critical roles in the body by coordinating heart contrac- tions and allowing nerve cells to secrete neurotransmitters. In 1999, Clapham’s team was combing the then-new database of human genes, looking for any that would yield previously undis- covered ion channels. That’s when they stumbled upon a gene that appeared to create a calcium channel in the testes alone. “If we were narrow-minded, I guess we would have stopped there and said, ‘Well,

Illustration by Tom Mosser RIGHT NOW way that’s very beautiful, actually. It’s like a BAD BETS, BAD APPLES pennant flapping in the breeze.” But as sperm approach the egg, they undergo a process called hyperactivation. The CatSper From Anecdote channel conducts calcium, sending sperm “into a sort of hyperdrive. Their tails make an asymmetric motion that’s best described to Equation as like cracking a whip,” Clapham says. This gives sperm up to 20 times the force of nor- mal swimming, enabling them to penetrate he idea seems simple enough: thor Peter Schuck, J.D. ’65, A.M. ’72, a law the cumulus, a protective coating of cells Get detailed information about professor at Yale, propose some remedies. around the egg. Without CatSper to spark T the participants in a given social Consider the U.S. system of allocating this extra force, the sperm and egg can’t join. program—public-housing resi- kidneys for transplant. Organs that be- A new contraceptive based on these dents, say, or applicants for organ trans- come available go to those who have been findings makes sense, Clapham says. Ion plants. Then, given that we live in a world on the waiting list the longest—and are channels are common drug targets be- of limited resources, use that information consequently the sickest (and therefore cause they’re located on the easy-to-ac- to remove individuals on whom the pro- the least likely to recover). Although fair- cess surface of cells. Researchers could gram’s resources aren’t well spent, either ness seems to dictate this chronological develop a molecule to bind to the channel, because the program is unlikely to help approach, Zeckhauser and Schuck es- preventing calcium from entering the them or because they behave in ways that pouse giving at least some of the kidneys sperm tail. A man might take the drug be- hurt other participants. to people further down the list. fore intercourse, but Clapham adds that it E≠orts to put that idea into practice in Instead of policymaking by anecdote— could work in women, too, because fertil- the United States, however, have been far spending large sums on the most heart- ization occurs in the female reproductive from perfect. Numerous factors—many rending cases—the authors argue for poli- tract: “If what we’ve seen in mice is true now ingrained in the programs’ own insti- cymaking by equation. They advance a in humans—and we think that’s the tutional culture—interfere with the goal rational framework for analyzing the case—it would block fertility.” of precisely targeting government spend- benefit to society of a given policy, using Yet such a contraceptive may be a long ing, for example, toward those individuals quality-adjusted life years (QALYs: a unit time coming. One pharmaceutical firm ex- who stand to gain from it the most. In Tar- of measurement first posited in a 1976 pressed interest, but company executives geting in Social Programs: Avoiding Bad Bets, Re- paper cowritten by Zeckhauser). In terms subsequently halted all work on new con- moving Bad Apples (Brookings Institution of QALYs, the transplant recipient who traceptives. Clapham says other major Press, 2006), Ramsey professor of political lives for decades—working, raising chil- pharmaceutical companies have done the economy Richard Zeckhauser and coau- dren, paying taxes, but perhaps even more same. They have several reasons. To begin with, existing contraceptives work, so Resources should be targeted to programs there’s little motivation to develop new that benefit society the most, argues political ones. Furthermore, the enormous expense economist Richard Zeckhauser. of drug trials, which can cost hundreds of Good bet 1.0 millions of dollars, means pharmaceutical Three-time 35-year-old recidivist criminal breast cancer companies feel pressure to develop wildly in job training patient receiving popular drugs with large markets to cover Tamoxifen their costs, and they’re also leery of poten- 0.8 tial litigation. “Drug companies want low D+“Animal House” student at state risk,” Clapham says. “A drug with severe university side e≠ects is accepted by society for seri- 0.6 ous, life-threatening diseases, like cancer. When the alternative is death, one is will-

QUALITY OF BET 0.4 ing to accept problems.” Contraceptives, Unmotivated, on the other hand, are generally used by poor-performing young, healthy people, so society is less Chronically student in community tolerant of side e≠ects. Clapham also disruptive 0.2 student college notes that anticontraception attitudes Drug-dealing tenant 85-year-old pig now run strong in the United States. valve recipient “Few public companies,” he says, “want in public housing 0 political liability in any form.” Bad bet erin o’donnell 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Bad apple Good apple david clapham e-mail address: QUALITY OF APPLE [email protected]

12 September - October 2007 Chart by Stephen Anderson 0@3/AB1/<13@7A3D3@GE63@3 A=/@3E3

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%AcaO\59][S\T]`bVS1c`S ES¸`S]\O[WaaW]\ RIGHT NOW important, living in good health and hap- Will policymakers heed this call to ac- pily—is a better investment than the per- tion? It wouldn’t be the first time Zeck- son for whom a kidney transplant may hauser has been out in front of major pol- mean only a few additional years of poor icy change. Another Zeckhauser-Schuck health. Cruel as it may seem, the authors collaboration—the 1970 article “An Al- call the people at the top of the kidney ternative to the Nixon Income Mainte- waiting list “bad bets”—cases in which nance Plan”—put forth ideas that, ac- the money spent is “wasted” in the sense cording to Zeckhauser, bear an uncanny that it could bestow greater benefit on so- resemblance to the Earned Income Tax ciety if spent elsewhere. Credit enacted by the federal govern- The authors analyze problems in nu- ment five years later. More recently, The meric terms, assigning dollar values to Early Admissions Game: Joining the Elite, lives and plotting people as points on which Zeckhauser wrote with Christo- graphs: anyone to the left of a given line is pher Avery and Andrew Fairbanks, a bad bet, anyone to the right a good bet. turned a critical eye on colleges’ early-ad- The approach may seem cold and imper- missions practices (see “Entering the sonal, but the authors argue that it will Elite,” May-June 2003, page 15). Three actually lead to the kindest and most hu- years later, Harvard, Princeton, and other mane outcomes, given that every dollar institutions announced plans to elimi- spent on medical treatment, education, or nate the programs. another social program for one person de- The new book’s main premise may not nies that same dollar to someone else. be palatable to those who believe that Zeckhauser and Schuck also discuss maligning any beneficiaries of a social “bad apples” who commit abuse or fraud, program calls the virtue of the entire pro- or simply behave badly and so detract gram into question. For their part, the au- from a social program’s goal. One example: thors avow repeatedly that they are not those who run drug-dealing operations questioning such programs’ fundamental out of their homes in public-housing de- value, but instead o≠ering a way to make velopments, but aren’t kicked out—either them a≠ordable—and therefore sustain- because of apathetic law enforcement or able—in the face of daunting projections: because the eviction process has so many if current conditions continue, funding built-in safeguards for tenants that using for Medicare will be exhausted before it becomes a long and expensive task. 2020, and for Social Security around 2040. Meanwhile, the criminal activity dimin- “We don’t think of the purpose of this ishes the other tenants’ quality of life and book as just saving resources,” Zeck- Silk Tie gives the entire community a bad name, hauser says. “We think of it as putting re- making the general public less likely to sources to their best use. Unless we prior-

Bow Tie support future expenditures for public itize correctly, we will lop o≠ some housing. The authors advise low tolerance programs that should be preserved.” for such bad behavior, but also emphasize elizabeth gudrais the importance of an accessible appeals Enamel Cufflinks process to protect “good apples” who’ve richard zeckhauser e-mail address: been excluded in error. [email protected]

BIOLOGY AND BELIEF Silver Cufflinks Foundations of Faith?

Bespoke Clothing ublic debates Watchstrap about evolution gram for evolutionary dynamics and au- & Accessories frequently pit science against reli- thor of a recent, prizewinning book on the for gion. But work by professor of subject, has worked for the last decade on Harvard Alumni P mathematics and of biology Martin questions of cooperation in biology. Al- Toll Free Nowak adds a surprising twist to that though evolution is commonly under- age-old argument. Evolution, he says, stood as competition played out in muta- Socks 1866 434 6937 might actually lead to religious beliefs. tion and natural selection, “You don’t www.SmartTurnout.com Nowak, the director of Harvard’s pro- really get very far in biology without co-

14 September - October 2007 RIGHT NOW operation,” he says. “The evolution of multicellularity and the evolution of eu- karyotic cells which have a distinct nu- cleus—the big steps—seem to be based on cooperation” and lead to “the emergence of something completely new in biology. You get cooperation on a lower NORWEGIAN COASTAL VOYAGE level and then you get the emergence of a THE WORLD’S MOST BEAUTIFUL VOYAGE higher level: single cells cooperating to form multicellular organisms.” Researchers have long studied cooperative strategies for evolutionary success among their fellow human beings by using game theory. The classic “prisoner’s dilemma” involves the hypothetical case Term Life of two suspects arrested by police and Insurance GREENLAND EXCEPTIONALLY REAL held in separate cells. Each is o≠ered the LevelTerm 10 Year 15 Year 20 Year 30 Year "#$ "$# "%# &'' same deal: confess and reduce your own age 35 "() "*$ "))# +, sentence, but in doing so, implicate the age 45 ")$- "#-( "#*) ',./! other prisoner. The best outcome for age 55 "$(- "(0* "*(1 &/!2 both prisoners is for neither one to say age 65 ! anything (a form of cooperation), but when neither prisoner knows what the !! other will do, the incentive to defect (or "#$%& $&' $& ANTARCTICA plea bargain, in this case) is strong. THE WHITE CONTINENT Martin Nowak

“The Harvard Chair” There Is No Substitute For Tradition THE ARCTIC SPITSBERGEN

Nowak runs a variant of this game SWEDEN using money, and has discovered that the THE GOTA CANAL most successful players start by cooper- • Endorsed by the Harvard Alumni Association ating with each other—paying a dollar, • Enjoyed by Generations of IF YOU ARE LOOKING for exploration pro- for example, so the other player receives Harvard Students and Alumni grams within the comfort of an upscale cruise two dollars—and then continue to coop- • Sold Exclusively by the environment, we offer fantastic vacations: The erate until someone defects. This tit-for- Harvard Coop fjord-filled spectacular Norwegian Coastal Voyage with 34 ports of call; cruises visiting tat strategy, in which players cooperate Choose your School or House Seal in the largest island in the world, Greenland; our when others cooperate with them, but Antarctica programs to experience extra- Silk Screen or Laser Design $425.00. ordinary icescapes, landscapes, and a variety defect when their opposite number has Member price $382.50. Order now of penguin species; cruises in the Arctic’s last defected in a previous round, proved the through 10/31/07 and get a bonus wilderness—Spitsbergen; fantastic World seat cushion (a $44.00 value). Cruises from the Arctic to Antarctica; and most successful in a well-known com- Sweden’s enchanted waterway, the Gota puter tournament that pitted various For Ordering & Shipping Information Canal, with its 66 locks. Call your travel agent strategies against each other. But in the call: 1-800-368-1882 or fax: 1-800-242-1882 now to make your reservation, or contact us: 866 257 6070 www.hurtigruten.us real world, Nowak points out, mistakes or misunderstandings (which weren’t part of the computer simulations) can destroy cooperation just as surely as true The new name for Norwegian Coastal Voyage defection: “If you have two tit-for-tat Shop our complete catalogue www.thecoop.com

Photograph by Erik Jacobs Harvard Magazine 15 RIGHT NOW players playing against each other and “Hopeful, because if we haven’t met prior one defects by mistake, the other to the first time we interact, the winning will retaliate, and then the first will strategy must actually assume retaliate, and so on.” the best of the other per- Nowak has shown mathemati- son. Generous, be- cally that in an error-filled cause the win- world, a more gen- ning strategy is erous variant of happy with a tit for tat—in somewhat small- which if one er piece of a pie”: player defects, the strategy wins the other “for- not by getting a gives” and still cooper- bigger slice of any ates a certain amount of the time— one transaction, is more successful. (Players who are but by cooperating too forgiving, or always cooperate, successfully in many trans- however, are exploited by others.) actions. “Forgiving, because if In other words, says Nowak, “To I’m in a relationship and some- win the prisoner’s dilemma in a one defects, and I always hit world of errors, you must know how back—that’s a losing strategy. to forgive. Natural selection leads to I have to have a mechanism forgiveness.” to forgive a failure to coop- This simple form of interaction, erate. known as direct reciprocity, relies on “Religions want to repeated encounters between two people. understand what But direct reciprocity fails to explain a opment of human language, which he causes su≠ering and whole range of observed “cooperative” or calls the most important invention of the they also want to help altruistic human behaviors in which indi- last 500 million years. “Prior to the inven- people. When you study their prescrip- viduals perform selfless acts for others tion of language, evolution was based on tions for how to live one’s life, what is without apparent expectation of a recip- genetics only,” he explains. “With human formulated is how to live the best possi- rocal act. Nowak wanted to explain such language, we have the machinery for un- ble life right now. The work on coopera- ad hoc actions, and in 1998, he formulated limited cultural evolution.” tion shows which kinds of behavior are a much more powerful mechanism, “indi- Religion is a form of social behavior that important for human evolution,” he ex- rect reciprocity,” by which evolution can Nowak studies as part of a joint-research plains, and it “seems that religion actu- lead to cooperation. project with the Divinity School on the ally helps people to behave accordingly: Indirect reciprocity relies on reputation. “Evolution and Theology of Cooperation.” to cooperate with each other.” Observers watch the game and tell others Religion, like language, is a human univer- jonathan shaw what they’ve seen. “Indirect reciprocity is sal, he points out: every civilization has dis- powerful because I gain experience even covered it. And he finds it remarkable that martin nowak e-mail address: without playing,” Nowak explains. Hu- the winning cooperative strategies in both [email protected] mans “are obsessed with finding out about direct and indirect reciprocity require play- martin nowak website: each other and...monitoring the social net- ers to be hopeful, generous, and forgiving, www.ped.fas.harvard.edu/people/fac- work of the group. There are empirical traits often encouraged by religions. ulty/index.html studies of what people actually talk about on British trains, for example, or in small- scale societies, sitting around fireplaces. GETTING IT RIGHT ON THE RIG Sixty percent of the conversations” deal with interactions with others. When indirect reciprocity is incorpo- Manhood Reconsidered rated into Nowak’s game, cooperative players tend to find each other and form clusters, because a single defector can ex- s a professor at Harvard from the campus, at two oil platforms in ploit and “pop” a bubble of cooperation. Business School, Robin J. Ely has the Gulf of Mexico. Before her first trip to The ability to communicate about reputa- A had her share of experience the rigs, in 2001, Ely thought she knew the tion thus becomes extremely important with how men (who constitute type of men she’d encounter there. After to a cooperative player’s success. 80 percent of the school’s faculty) conduct interviewing some of the workers, though, Nowak, in fact, has demonstrated themselves in the workplace. But her re- she was stunned: “I called my colleague mathematically how indirect reciprocity search on how a work environment can and said, ‘Where’s the masculinity?!’” provides selective pressure for the devel- influence masculine norms took place far “I just didn’t see it, not in the traditional

16 September - October 2007 Illustration by Keith A. Negley % %

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! %$% %"%$% %%### "! RIGHT NOW way,” she recalls. “Some of [the men] were tional features the parent company had the macho prototype, the older men in- big and burly; many drove Harleys and put in place to make the workplace safer. variably responded, “Oh yeah, it used to were into hunting and fishing; and their As part of an initiative called “Safety be like that.” One 27-year veteran spoke of humor—while never mean-spirited— 2000,” the rig workers were trained to put the old days on drilling rigs, when “the could be gross in that ‘peculiarly male’ safety above image and to speak up when guy that was in charge was the one who way, such as farting and then laughing they were unsure about something. Be- could basically outperform and out-shout about it.” But the workers on the two rigs cause safety was such an easy goal to sup- and out-intimidate all the others.” But by (which were dubbed Rex and Comus) port, the men took the program to heart, creating policies and norms that shifted surprised her by how openly they ex- Ely noticed, even when that meant break- the men’s focus from proving their mas- pressed their vulnerability, in terms of ing masculine norms. During a bumpy he- culinity to engaging in larger goals—en- both physical limitations and emotional licopter ride, for instance, one man said, suring safety, building a community, and concerns. The typical image of masculin- “I don’t feel safe.” Rather than mock him, advancing the company’s mission—their ity, she explains, is one of impenetrable the other men took his concern seriously employer was able to reshape their previ- infallibility: manly men don’t like to say and worked to rectify the problem. ous notions of what a manly man should they don’t know, or need help, or are Fear wasn’t the only emotion workers look and sound like. scared. The men at Rex and Comus were on Rex and Comus communicated open- Ely and Meyerson plan a comprehen- quick to do just that. ly. Because any outside issue could be a sive follow-up survey of a broad sample of oil platforms, to test in a Dangerous work more varied population their can lead to new definitions of hypothesis that certain orga- masculinity. nizational features can break down employees’ need to project a macho image. Meanwhile, their work adds an interesting case study to gender literature, which tends to focus only on women. But Ely notes that further research is needed to determine how generally ap- plicable their findings are. After hearing about her research, she says, an executive from another oil company expressed interest in having her team observe his firm’s corporate headquarters and suggest ways to break down the masculine norms there. She believes it might be di∞- cult to replicate the oil-rig situation, where workers live, eat, and sleep on the rigs

STEVE CHENN/CORBIS for two-week stints (which Ely, who focuses on organizational be- distraction, and any distractions could be makes them a captive audience for orga- havior, had not explicitly studied mas- dangerous, they stayed closely attuned to nizational-change e≠orts), and where culinity before, and when she ﬁrst set o≠ each other’s emotional states. One work- their work is so dangerous. “Not dying, for the oil platforms, neither she nor her er spoke to the researchers about a team not blowing up, not losing legs—that coauthor, Debra E. Meyerson, an associate member who returned to work only a few meant a lot to them,” Ely says. “In the cor- professor of education and organizational days after his daughter had been shot at: porate environment, you don’t have that behavior at Stanford University’s School “He told us, ‘This is what I’m dealing with compelling incentive to change.” of Education, knew what shape their pro- at home. If you all would please keep me samantha henig ject would take. Ely’s initial reaction focused and understand if I’m a little dis- prompted them to investigate why the tracted, I’d appreciate it.’ And people robin ely e-mail address: workers were so unexpectedly in touch were very supportive of him for that.” [email protected] with their emotions and shortcomings. In The work environment for these men, robin ely website: their paper, as yet unpublished, they who ranged in age from about 21 to 58, http://dor.hbs.edu/fi_redirect.jhtml?fa argue that the soft side the workers dis- wasn’t always so touchy-feely. When Ely [email protected] played was a by-product of organiza- voiced surprise at how far they were from &loc=extn

18 September - October 2007 Montage Art, books, diverse creations

20 Open Book 22 An Imperial American 27 Chords from Radius 28 Rhythms of Race 30 Off the Shelf 32 Chapter and Verse

and eventually turns to burglarizing his neighbors’ homes. He≠ernan then segued into House- wives, which had “bold- ly ﬂung o≠ prime- time’s imperative to topicality, and em- braced an overtly literary mode. It is not an innovation, but a clever throwback, a work of thoroughgoing nostal- gia and a tribute to Virginia Heffer- Cheever’s war horse, nan in her home the suburban gothic.” office with a Savant of Screens few tools of her Later, she noted that trade: notebook “Desperate Housewives has computer, succeeded because, like Virginia He≠ernan’s literary-critical approach to flat-screen television, the best of reality tele- TV and on-line video DVDs, remote vision, it derives sus- control pense by threatening ot long ago, Virginia calls, Sifton reminded her that “you can’t its characters with Heffernan, Ph.D. ’02, who use words that would stop a reader on banishment. All of the characters look as writes about television the A train.” though they belong—but only for now.” and on-line media for the He≠ernan is no lightweight: her hip, He≠ernan says her doctoral training in New York Times, got an e- funny pieces bristle with fresh ideas. In English literature deﬁnitely a≠ects her Nmail from her boss, culture editor Sam the fall of 2004, for example, she began analyses of the video realm. “In the 1990s, Sifton ’88. He≠ernan had submitted a her review of the hit nighttime soap we were taught that all texts—from self- draft that contained the word chthonic, a opera Desperate Housewives with a synopsis help books to Tolstoy—are susceptible to term from classical mythology that refers of a 1958 John Cheever short story, “The critical methodology,” she says. “That be- to deities and other spirits living in the Housebreaker of Shady Hill,” a dark tale came an article of faith with me. I bring underworld. As a smiling He≠ernan re- about a suburbanite who loses his job everything I learned from [Harvard pro-

Photograph by Robert Adam Mayer Harvard Magazine 19 MONTAGE fessors] Helen Vendler, Philip Fisher, and In Henry Kissinger and Marc Shell to television.” The gossipy, OPEN BOOK the American Century celebrity-tracking Manhattan-based (Harvard University website Gawker has labeled He≠ernan’s Press, $27.95), Jeremi columns “pretentious,” but she remains Make the Suri examines why Henry undeterred. “Sometimes I hesitate over a Kissinger ’50, Ph.D. ’54, word or a reference because I know it Arsenal Usable did what he did. Some contributes to that e≠ect,” she admits. of his motivations origi- “But I can’t help myself.” nated at Harvard, uneasy home to the Cold Warrior from 1947 to 1968—first as a Along with Alessandra Stanley ’77, student, then a professor—from which intellectual citadel he cultivated international who also reviews television for the Times, leaders. Suri is professor of history at the University of Wisconsin.The following pas- He≠ernan tackles mainstream broadcast sage shows the young Kissinger as a fully fledged nuclear strategist. fare like American Idol, which, she wrote, “zigged at just the right time in pop-cul- ike many others, Kissinger be- task of the statesman in the nuclear ture history, revived the square spirit of lieved that the proliferation of nu- age.” Lawrence Welk, and discovered that we Lclear weapons contributed to Leaders—including politicians, nuclear still have a hymnal of Top 40 hits that we heightened dangers in war and increased strategists, and policy advisors—had to might open in unison.” But what excites rigidity in peace. When confronted with create avenues for forceful action that He≠ernan most is Screens, a column and serious challenges short of full-scale war, were neither suicidal nor complaisant. blog she invented in June 2006 to track citizens would have a tendency to think They needed courage and creativity in the latest content developments in the in terms of nuclear retaliation or noth- this endeavor. Kissinger joined other non-televised realm and to analyze the ing-at-all. With such extreme options, strategists in decades of struggle to find sociocultural fallout of various emerg- politicians would frequently err on the effective uses for the “absolute weapon” ing—and converging—media. “There’s side of conflict avoidance, as Kissinger as a symbol, a threat, and a source of had personally witnessed during the destruction. Nuclear strategy involved “It’s like doing literary 1930s, in a prenuclear era of “total war.” the careful manipulation of horrific For the German Jewish émigré, saving power for the needs of civilization. As analysis, with the democracy from the treachery of its ad- Kissinger wrote in one of his earliest re- versaries and the weakness of its own flections on the topic: “the U.S. nuclear added challenge that arsenal is no better than the willingness to use it…if we do not wish to doom I get to use my eyes ourselves to impotence in the atomic stalemate or near-stalement just around and ears.” the corner, it may be well to develop alternative programs.” widespread visual literacy,” she says. These lines, written only months after Screens, which will accompany He≠er- Kissinger’s thirty-first birthday and the nan this fall at she takes her column to completion of his doctorate, became the Times Magazine, is peppered with the touchstone for his career as a strate- phrases like “third-screen viewing” (i.e., gist and a policymaker.…Thomas watching video on handheld devices like Schelling, one of Kissinger’s colleagues at BlackBerrys and cell phones; the “ﬁrst” Harvard, chillingly observed: “The and “second” screens are TVs and com- power to hurt is nothing new in warfare, puter monitors). “Almost all TV shows but for the United States modern tech- have an on-line component now,” she ex- nology has drastically enhanced the plains. “I’m so excited about how the In- strategic importance of pure, uncon- ternet and TV are coming together.”

TIME & LIFE PICTURES/GETTY IMAGES structive, unacquisitive pain and damage, The most enthralling case of that con- The strategist in 1958, based at Harvard whether used against us or in our own vergence might be YouTube, the populist defense. This in turn enhances the im- video-clip website, for which He≠ernan constituents required self-conscious ef- portance of war and threats of war as confesses “almost evangelical” feelings. forts to “rescue an element of choice techniques of influence, not of destruc- “Forget TV—forget TV—forget it!” she de- from the pressure of circumstance”: tion; of coercion and deterrence, not of clares. “YouTube shows 150 million to 200 “How to strive for both peace and jus- conquest and defense; of bargaining and million videos every day, all over the tice, for an end of war that does not intimidation.” Schelling echoed Kissinger world. Much of the audience doesn’t lead to tyranny, for a commitment to when he concluded: “Military strategy, speak English and lots of videos don’t need justice that does not produce cataclysm whether we like it or not, has become language: dance, opera, sports. Lonelygirl15 —to find this balance is the perpetual the diplomacy of violence.” [a series of popular YouTube videos] has not caught on internationally because it’s

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WEALTH MANAGEMENT MONTAGE too talky. You can see Marcel Marceau, or of Virginia in 1991 and then enrolled at Har- “slacker aesthetic,” its “mush politics (the [Brazilian soccer star] Ronaldinho scor- vard. But a succession of media jobs in New Free Hugs Campaign),” and its “chronic ing this soccer goal in an incredible dis- York City interrupted her graduate educa- oscillation between absurdism (‘Ask a play of virtuosity. Forget Diana; on tion: fact-checking at the New Yorker, writ- Ninja’) and emo (‘Say It’s Possible’),” she YouTube you can watch the coronation of ing patter for hosts on MTV and VH-1, wrote, “This value system is not intrinsi- the meek little Queen Elizabeth in 1953.” editing at Talk magazine and Harper’s, dis- cally worse than the one that determines He≠ernan’s own tastes run to “very ar- cussing television for Slate and the New prime-time television’s crisp, white-collar cane and esoteric stu≠,” she says. “And I Yorker. “Logistically, it was agonizing,” she aesthetic; its mainstream politics; and its like o≠beat things like Christian and re- says. “I was trying to build a career [in New chronic oscillation between punchy and ligious programming, and sci-fi.” But re- York] and finish a Ph.D. at Harvard. There sappy”—probably as cogent a summary garding YouTube, she is quick to empha- was a lot of Amtrak involved.” Yet she also of network TV’s worldview as you’re likely to find in one place. “This value system is not intrinsically worse Part of that worldview, of course, is the truism that only one television critic re- than the one that determines prime-time ally matters: the A. C. Nielsen Company, which generates the national ratings. television’s crisp, white-collar aesthetic...” He≠ernan writes a di≠erent brand of cri- tique. Her columns instruct readers not size that it “isn’t just something for found time to write stage plays and to col- so much on what to watch or avoid, but hipsters and teens, or people with exotic laborate with her friend Mike Albo on a on new ways of perceiving what they interests—pursue your existing interests. 2005 comic novel, The Underminer. He≠ernan have already chosen to bring up on their Like jazz? Try John Coltrane playing had never worked for a daily paper when screens. And He≠ernan contributes with the Miles Davis Quintet in Düssel- the Times hired her in 2003, “but the as- something that many critics lack: a will- dorf in 1960. Check out Yoko Ono’s per- sumption was that having worked for Slate, ingness to give the subjects of her re- formance art. Scary tricks with knives with very quick turnaround, I could handle views the benefit of the doubt. “If I can’t and archery, or babies laughing. There’s daily deadlines.” rise to understand why something is in- film of Ernest Hemingway catching a Handle them she has. In one Screens teresting,” she says, “it’s my failing.” man-size marlin. Interviews, in English, column, after commenting on YouTube’s craig lambert with Sigmund Freud. The second-most- viewed video on YouTube not too long ago was geriatric1927, a British World War II radar technician telling his life story in pieces. Such good oral history.” An Imperial American Four days out of five, He≠ernan works from home, where she says she watches The complex, contradictory Lincoln Kirstein the “national average” of five hours of tele- EUGENE R. GADDIS vision per day: “I sit on my couch like by everyone else, and I try not to meet television stars or producers.” Her video iPod incoln kirstein ’30 combined a long as possible. Throughout his long can download TV shows or on-line con- ferocious intelligence with manic tenure as president of the School of Amer- tent, and she also digitally records pro- energy, a belief that there was ican Ballet and general director of the grams. Recordings, not real-time viewing, nothing he could not do, and a pas- New York City Ballet, he was the formida- are essential for doing “close readings”—a Lsionate conviction that if the arts and let- ble master-impresario, the creator and habit carried over from grad school— ters flourished, beauty might save the preserver of both institutions, but he which require He≠ernan to pause the world. seemed gleeful in pointing out that the video repeatedly to make notes. One win- Kirstein preferred a certain degree of uninitiated at Lincoln Center “have trou- dow on her MacBook computer runs the personal ambiguity, if not mystery, which ble figuring out who I am.” By the 1980s, video, while another has Word open for could be attributed to both an underlying however, public recognition of his contri- note-taking. “It’s like doing literary analy- shyness and a calculated slyness. In his butions to literature, the fine arts, and sis,” she explains, “with the added chal- College class’s senior album, he declined dance had widened to the point that such lenge that I get to use my eyes and ears.” to list his field of study. (It was the fine anonymity was no longer possible. To Born in Hanover, New Hampshire (her arts.) During World II, he held the rank of John Russell, then chief art critic for the father is an emeritus professor of English at private first class in New York Times, he was “one of the most Dartmouth), He≠ernan recalls that when Martin Duber- the United States valuable of living Americans.” “A living her parents limited their children’s televi- man, Ph.D. ’57, Army, but it was national treasure,” declared Susan Sontag. sion viewing to one hour per day, “My The Worlds of said that he delayed He appeared to dismiss such encomi- brother and I wailed like The Passion of the Lincoln Kirstein sewing the stripes ums, yet Kirstein was intensely self-con- Christ.” She took her undergraduate degree (Knopf, $37.50) on his custom-tai- scious in every sense of the word, and he in English and philosophy at the University lored uniform for as had immortal longings. He documented

22 September - October 2007 MONTAGE everything he did. He had his own image he published Quarry: A Collection in Lieu of struct a convincing psychological profile of preserved in oil, tempera, gouache, ink, Memoirs, a record of his New York house a complex and contradictory arbiter of pencil, and bronze. Guests at 128 East 19th and idiosyncratic acquisitions, photo- twentieth-century American culture. Street in the 1980s had the pulse-quicken- graphed by Jerry Thompson and accompa- Duberman, who is Distinguished Profes- ing experience of conversing with their nied by an autobiographical narrative. In sor Emeritus of history at the City Univer- host against a backdrop of his portraits by 1994, less than two years before his death, sity of New York, brings to his elucidation Lucien Freud (powerful but unfinished Kirstein produced Mosaic, a slim, revealing, of Kirstein’s life a long experience as a after fisticu≠s between subject and artist), but not entirely accurate volume that prizewinning biographer of other multi- Pavel Tchelitchew (a tryptych, including brought his life only to 1933, on the brink layered American figures: Charles Francis the subject as a standing nude in boxing of his fateful encounter with Russian cho- Adams, James Russell Lowell, and Paul gloves), Jamie Wyeth (who moved in for reographer George Balanchine. Robeson. A novelist and playwright as well, months to hone his skill in portraiture, Now, in time for the centennial of Kir- he is skilled at investing his story with clocking 58 sessions to achieve a likeness stein’s birth, Martin Duberman has written drama, and his extensive research on homo- in a style reminiscent of Sargent and a revelatory biography, The Worlds of Lincoln sexuality in America (he is the author of Left Eakins), Michael Leonard (Kirstein in Kirstein. Those worlds were remarkably dis- Out: The Politics of Exclusion), allows him to khaki with cats), David Langfitt (Kirstein parate, yet Duberman has fully encom- put in context Kirstein’s ever-present sex- as a retired German submarine comman- passed them in 631 pages, plus an addi- ual adventures, which occasionally involved der). Fidelma Cadmus (Kirstein’s wife of tional 65 pages of notes. This concurrent a≠airs with men and women. 50 years, who depicted him as suspicious is a tribute to his mastery The diaries Kirstein kept from the age and vulnerable), and Martin Mower (his of the archival sources, of 12 into the mid 1930s, which Harvard faculty mentor), as well as an his interviews with have been made available for the eerie self-portrait done in sanguine on Kirstein’s contem- first time, allow Duberman to paper when he was an undergraduate. He poraries, his grasp provide Kirstein’s own voice could be contemplated three-dimension- of the evolving as he lives through ado- ally in portrait heads by Isamu Noguchi American cultur- lescence and into the pe- (commissioned by Kirstein while at Har- al scene, and his riod of his first signifi- vard) and Gaston Lachaise, who also did a ability to con- cant achievements. Like striding nude. These icons kept company with sculptures of Abraham Lincoln, William Shakespeare, and Napoleon Bona- parte. Kirstein was not inaccurate when he told John Russell: “I’m an imperial American.” Kirstein made sure that his homes and collections were elegantly photographed and his diaries and correspondence tucked safely into institutions that were likely to endure, particularly the Dance Collection, which he had founded in the 1940s (now part of the Library of the Performing Arts at Lincoln Cen- ter). Plainly, he wanted future chroni- clers of his life to have a comprehensive body of material to help them while they were “figuring out who I am.” Such a task is not for the faint-hearted. As early as the 1950s, when his achievements were far from over, Kirstein himself had hinted that he might withdraw from the world and produce a five-volume memoir. By the 1980s, his admirers were tantalized when they heard that the working title of “a monumental autobiography” was Memoirs of a Sly Fellow. Instead, in 1986,

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MONTAGE many of his letters, the diaries are explicit; anchine created in the United States a re- some readers may tire of Kirstein’s preoccu- naissance in classical dancing. During pation with his own sexuality. Yet Duber- Kirstein’s 88 years, he supported individ- man uses these sources e≠ectively to shed ual artists and museum exhibitions, 9p jfd\ d\Xjli\j# *' f] light on the widespread homosexual activ- served as an invaluable member of the 8d\i`ZXe _\Xck_ jg\e[è^ `j ity—thoroughly liberated, though of ne- Monuments Commission that retrieved nXjk\[% cessity hidden—of the intellectual elite of much of the art looted by the Nazis, as- Kirstein’s generation. sisted in the creation of Lincoln Center More enlightening, however, is what and the American Shakespeare Festival, ÇK?<<:FEFD@JK these sources reveal about his relentless arranged the first American tour of the artistic and literary pursuits. From the Japanese Grand Kabuki, marched with opening sentence about Rose Stein’s de- Martin Luther King Jr. from Selma to termination to marry Louis Kirstein Birmingham, and published more than 15 :_Xe^\_Xje\m\iY\\eXZfi\ against the wishes of her wealthy mer- books and 500 pamphlets, articles, and chant family, Duberman keeps the narra- program notes. Zfdg\k\eZpè_\Xck_ZXi\% tive flowing. The prose—and even the Duberman’s book moves chronologi- notes—are dense with quotations, and cally, but he wisely focuses each chapter Ç?<8CK?:8I<=@E8E:@8C the casual reader may not choose to linger on a distinct subject for clarity (“Nijin- D8E8>

K_\i\`jefgi\jZi`gk`fedfi\ “Words will not flow into the ink fast mXclXYc\k_Xebefnc\[^\% enough. We have a real chance to have an Ç:%

sensitive, occasionally enraged, and more accuracies: in my own field, I know that often generous son of a self-made depart- the Bushnell Auditorium in Hartford was ment-store magnate became an irresis- not part of the Wadsworth Atheneum, tible force—first among Harvard’s jeunesse nor was Hartford’s first significant collec- dorée and then on a more conspicuous tor of modern art, James Thrall Soby, con- stage. nected with the Museum of Modern Art As Duberman demonstrates in hitherto during the period in which he is first unpublished detail, Kirstein was congeni- mentioned. But these are minor blemishes tally independent and compulsively pro- in what will surely be regarded as a defin- ductive. In 1928, as a sophomore, he itive work. launched Hound & Horn, one of the most Throughout the book, Duberman per- thought-provoking literary magazines of ceptively addresses Kirstein’s prodigious its era. As a junior, along with classmates literary output on dance, painting, sculp- Edward M. M. Warburg and John Walker ture, photography, movies, biography, III, he brought forth the Harvard Society history, and poetry, acknowledging that for Contemporary Art, introducing many his writing style ranged from lyrical clar- of the most significant twentieth-century ity to language so compressed and arcane artists to Boston for the first time. In that it amounted to intellectual arro- significant ways, the Museum of Modern gance. As Duberman shows, the real Art was its successor. At Harvard, Kir- Kirstein came through in his diaries and stein also concluded that the one perfect correspondence, never more authenti- medium that would bring all the arts to- cally than in the two letters he wrote in gether was the dance. Three years after the summer of 1933 when suddenly, with graduation, with the help of the Wads- pulsating clarity, he saw Balanchine, the worth Atheneum’s director, A. Everett future of dance in America, and his own Jfg_`jk`ZXk\[<[lZXk`fe “Chick” Austin Jr., and other modernists destiny coalesce and begged Chick JZ_\[lc\[]fiNfibè^Gif]\jj`feXcj he had met at Harvard, he arranged for Austin to help him: “This is the most im- the immigration of George Balanchine to portant letter I will ever write you as you dYX%pXc\%\[l&dYX$\ America. Through the School of American will see. My pen burns my hand as I Ballet and its company, which evolved write. Words will not flow into the ink into the New York City Ballet, he and Bal- fast enough. We have a real chance to

26 September - October 2007 MONTAGE

Trader Joe’s”). The musicians seem to PERFORMANCE enjoy sticking around to chat with their listeners. Surveys show that the average age of Radius’s audience is 31—a statistic Chords from Radius most other Boston performing-arts organizations would kill for. “Playing chamber music for a white, af- the Canadian composer Claude Vivier After completing her master’s degree fluent audience that is experienced in that required the musicians not only to at New England Conservatory, Mont- this kind of music doesn’t light my fire play their instruments but to whistle bach started freelancing as an oboist.To nearly as much as bringing a college complex additional parts. pay the bills, she worked in arts adminis- student into the concert hall,” says Radius always offers a free pre-perfor- tration.“On the Boston Symphony staff, oboist and impresario Jennifer Mont- mance lecture, and members of the en- I was a tiny cog in a huge machine,’’ bach ’95.“I love to play for young peo- semble enthusiastically introduce each Montbach recalls. “But it got me to ple who put many different kinds of piece during concerts. At a recent pro- thinking: why is it that educated people music onto their iPods, enjoy hanging gram, clarinetist Eron Egozy pointed out who are so interested in developments out in bookstores, and like to see inde- that Beethoven’s Quintet for Piano and in film, literature, the visual arts, and pop pendent movies.Those people are ripe Winds was so popular that the com- music are so ignorant about concert for the kind of experience that the Ra- poser later rearranged it into a quartet music, and especially about contempo- dius Ensemble offers.” for piano and strings. Egozy’s preference rary music? I hear all the time that clas- Montbach founded Radius (www.radi- was clear. “The winds contribute such a sical music isn’t relevant any more, but I usensemble.org) in 1999 to play cham- wide range of color,’’ he said.“If you lis- can’t imagine life without it. So I created ber music in a casual and welcoming en- ten to the version with strings, you don’t Radius as a little laboratory for me.” The vironment. The group presents four get that, so you’re missing the point.” ensemble operates on an annual budget concerts a year (the next is September Afterwards players and public gather that ranges between $18,000 and 29), these days in Killian Hall at MIT, as around a table with coffee and cookies $20,000, which comes from a combina- well as a popular annual program for (“Starbucks donates the coffee,’’ Mont- tion of donations and grants. “All of the children. Radius embraces nine core bach says, “and the cookies come from money goes to the musicians, because members (their instru- we don’t have a staff, ex- ments include two violins, cept for me,” Montbach viola, cello, flute, clarinet, explains. “We do have a oboe, French horn, and board member who is a piano) who are first-rate, grant writer, but the and the repertory min- buck stops with me.” gles standard classics by What’s stored on her Beethoven, Mozart, and own iPod? “Mostly rock Schubert with adventur- music,” says Montbach, ous contemporary works. smiling. “My husband’s a Though Montbach doesn’t drummer. I’ve recently play in every piece, each discovered Pink Martini program features music and I love them. I don’t for oboe. Radius adds listen to recorded cham- guest musicians as needed, ber music all that much. like the New England Con- To play and hear cham- servatory’s sole accordion ber music is such a joy- major, who recently played ous collaboration that I in a piece by the contem- prefer to experience it porary Russian composer live.” richard dyer Sofia Gubaidulina. Montbach says she’s Richard Dyer, A.M. ’64, proud that Radius has wrote about classical music presented pieces by nearly for the Boston Globe for a dozen living New Eng- 33 years. land composers, including three, so far, who have Colleagues from Radius Ensemble flank founder served as composers-in- and oboist Jennifer residence. A concert this Montbach at MIT’s spring featured a work by Stata Center

Photograph by Pierre Chiha Harvard Magazine 27 MONTAGE have an American ballet within 3 yrs. Duberman’s monumental story ends on the presence of the “perfect creation” that time….Do you know George Balan- a somber note when the failing, bedrid- would not have happened without him. chine…the most ingenious technician in den Kirstein loses all interest in looking ballet I have ever seen….Please, please at the books on art that he had loved. Yet Eugene R. Gaddis, the DeLana archivist and cura- Chick if you have any love for anything readers will have no doubt that on certain tor of the Austin House at the Wadsworth we both do adore, rack your brains and nights—from his seat at the New York Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut, is the author try to make this all come true….We have State Theater, as he watched the dancers of Magician of the Modern: Chick Austin the future in our hands…” [and later] materialize on stage and bring to life one and the Transformation of the Arts in “This will be no collection, but living of George Balanchine’s miraculous gifts to America and editor of the forthcoming Magic art—and the chance for perfect creation.” the world—Kirstein knew that he was in Façade: The Austin House.

poems that reflect his midwestern roots as well as his ancestral Southern heritage. Rhythms of Race In January, Alfred A. Knopf published his most recent book of poems, For the African-American poet Kevin Young talks shop. Confederate Dead. His earlier Jelly Roll was a SHAUN SUTNER finalist for the National Book Award and by the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, and won the Paterson Poetry Prize. He is the t age 36, Kevin Young ’92 Young was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, author of three other poetry collec- ranks among the most accom- to Louisiana natives. As a child, he lived tions—including Black Maria, recently plished poets of his genera- in Chicago, Syracuse, Boston, and Nat- adapted for the stage and performed by tion. The recipient of Guggen- ick, Massachusetts. His late father was a the Providence Black Repertory Com- Aheim, Stegner, and NEA fellowships, he physician; his mother, who has a doctor- pany—and To Repel Ghosts: The Remix, a recently left Indiana University to be- ate in chemistry, is president and CEO retelling of the life and work of the late come Haywood professor of English and of the Mattapan Health Center in New York gra∞ti artist and painter Jean- creative writing at Emory University in Boston. Michel Basquiat. Atlanta, where he is also curator of the At Harvard, Young was one of the Young has also edited the Library of 75,000-volume Raymond Danowski Po- youngest members of the Dark Room Col- America’s John Berryman: Selected Poems and etry Library, believed to be one of the lective, an influential group of black two other poetry and prose collections. world’s largest private collections of Boston-area writers. Having spent his He divides his time between Atlanta and English-language poetry. high-school years in Kansas, he writes Belmont, Massachusetts, where he and his wife, Catherine Tuttle, live with their two children. Poet Kevin Young at Emory University Q. What made you want to become a poet? A. I took a creative-writing summer course when I was 12 or 13. I wrote short stories and was into comic books. Sud- denly I wrote a poem because we were supposed to, and the teacher liked it and passed it around. In retrospect, I don’t see why, because [my] poems were terrible. I still remember them, but they’re best left undiscussed.

Q. When he heard the title of your new book, an African-American colleague of mine responded: “[Bleep] the Con- federate dead!” Are you expressing sympathy for the Confederate dead? A. I thought long and hard about the title. It’s trying to deal with the ironies of Ameri-

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TAHITI Harvard.TahitiTourism.com 1-877-Go-Tahiti MONTAGE can culture. It’s also, of course, ripping About Finding Relief and o≠ Robert Lowell’s For the Union Dead. I Keeping Your Back Strong, by wanted it to have power but I wasn’t try- Off the Shelf Jeffrey N. Katz, S.M. ’90, M.D., ing to be coy, because I knew someone associate professor of medi- would have that reaction. I hope the title Recent books with Harvard connections cine, with Gloria Parkinson ’83, is somewhat freeing, because I think the BF ’88 (McGraw Hill, $14.95, book is about travel and exile, but also Philosophers without Gods: Medita- paper). Why does your back ache, and about freedom. The poem “Nicodemus” is tions on Atheism and the Secular Life, what’s the smartest way to treat it? about leaving Louisiana and becoming edited by Louise M. Antony, Ph.D. ’82 what they call an “exoduster” [an (Oxford University Press, $28). Twenty The Americano: Fighting for Freedom African-American migrant who left the philosopher-atheists testify that atheists in Castro’s Cuba, by Aran Shetterly ’92 South for Kansas at the end of Recon- need not be elitist or hostile to religion (Algonquin Books, $24.95). An American struction] and going to an all-black to hold that morality is independent of janitor from Toledo became a coman- town, and sort of being connected to my the existence of God. Antony is profes- dante in Castro’s army, the only foreigner Louisiana past and my Kansas past and sor of philosophy at the University of other than Che Guevara with that rank, being connected to an American desire Massachusetts, Amherst, and nine of the and a hero in Cuba.Then Castro had him for more. contributors are Harvard alumni. shot. Exciting history, and the author has a movie deal. Q. You write a lot about Reconstruction, the The Panic of 1907: Lessons Learned South, the Civil War and slavery. Are these your from the Market’s Perfect Storm, by Jack and Lem: John F. Kennedy and main themes? Robert F. Bruner, M.B.A. ’74, D.B.A. ’82, Lem Billings, The Untold Story of an A. All these things permeate a lot of my and Sean D. Carr (Wiley, $29.95). Why Extraordinary Friendship, by David Pitts work. My first book has a lot about and how do panics unfold? The panic of (Carroll & Graf, $26.95). From the time Louisiana, where my parents are from. 1907, now celebrating its centennial, was they were schoolboys together at The Basquiat book is about race, and art, managed by private bankers J.P. Morgan, Choate until the gunfire in Dallas, John F. and history, but recent history, a history Charles F.Baker, and others, but spawned Kennedy ’40 and Kirk LeMoyne “Lem” of the ’80s. the Federal Reserve System.The authors teach at the Darden Graduate School of Q. What role does music, particularly the blues, Business Administration, University of have in your work? Virginia, where Bruner is dean. A. I think of the blues both very specifically and broadly. The blues Wayne’s College of Beauty, by David form, I think, is a mix of sorrow and Swanger, Ed.D. ’70 (BkMk Press, Univer- sass and humor. The form of the blues sity of Missouri-Kansas City, $13.95, fights the feeling of the blues. So when paper).This collection of poems has won you encounter something like Hurri- the John Ciardi Prize for Poetry. Like the cane Katrina, the blues come in a pro- patrons of Wayne’s, readers will “have found way to talk about that kind of come at last to the right place.” destruction and loss. How do you talk about exile and displacement? The Lawrence and Aaronsohn: T.E. Law- blues are a great avenue for that, and in rence, Aaron Aaronsohn, and the Seeds a way, while the new book isn’t directly of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, by Ronald about the blues, it’s about the South. Florence, Ph.D. ’69 (Viking, $27.95). Two colleagues in British intelligence had con- Q. You purposely use misspellings. Why? flicting obsessions that presaged the A. In the Basquiat book especially, Arab-Israeli conflict. As the Ottoman the power of the vernacular sometimes empire faltered, one of the two (an ar- insists on that. But you can’t just do chaeologist from Oxfordshire, later misspellings for misspelling’s sake. It’s

Lawrence of Arabia) promoted Arab na- COURTESY OF THE JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM like a blue note. You have to use a kind tionalism. The other (a Jewish agrono- Jack, Lem, and Dunker, on a European tour of precision when you’re doing some- mist from Palestine) hoped for a new in the prewar summer of 1937. Pitts writes thing like that. Mostly it comes from the that the boys always remembered Dunker as Jewish state. Each was cocksure. Histo- “the nicest German they ever met.” sound and that leads to the spelling, and rian and novelist Florence tells their not the other way around. story well. Billings were each other’s best friends, this despite the fact that Billings was gay. Q. What’s it like to curate, and to teach? Heal Your Aching Back: What a Har- Journalist Pitts has written “a Kennedy A. For me it’s a lot of fun. It allows me vard Doctor Wants You to Know book” with something new to offer. to explore the collection. I’ve taught through it, using ﬁrst editions to tell the

30 September - October 2007 MONTAGE history of poetry. The real special part of it, I think, is, when we’re talking about 749*(9>4:75&9*39+742:3&:9-47.?*):8* Leaves of Grass, I bring the students Leaves of Grass. We talk about Eliot and The Waste Land, and I show them first editions of it. I show them a first edition of “Prufrock” signed by Eliot. I show them the range of poetry, how it happened. I also acquire new books. So there are very few holes in the collection. I patch those. Some of it is quite fugitive. It’s not easily findable. #%&# ""!$" #"&#"&# '" """ "" & *%*% Q. How much fun is it, being able to go out and ($("!!%)'*%*!%(!% $%*)* +%+* & find and buy great books? (!0$"!% +)!% &(!% &()# )##!% &(!$'&(*!% &%/ A. Oh, it’s great. I’m a book collector '*%*!%,%*!&%+(!% * *($&/&+('*%* by habit and inclination. *%*!%(!% $%*!) !%)** #-&+('*%*!)/&+('(&' (*/ !*2)/&+((! **&%!* Q. You’re a collector of everything, I hear, includ- ! !" !%&# & ing comic books and baseball cards. "# "!"!""&# ! !!"#" A. This is true. It’s not just by habit; &(!% *&* / * $(!%%*##*+#(&'(*/- ))&!*!&% * ,( it’s also [as a curator] by necessity. I re- &)*&'*%*#!*! *!&%!) $!##!&% *)! $#&(/&+ ally started collecting when I was in San * '*%* &#( *#)&$%)/&+&+#%+'#&)!% 1*-! Francisco and I had a Stegner fellowship. ' # ! $!"&#$# There were such great used bookstores !! %!%% &"!"!# " there and there was such a history I saw &#&%%&# ! &%2*!%*!$!* in these bookstores that I didn’t see other !/&+#)&$&%1- * (!*!)%!%!,!+#&(#( &$ '%/1 ),!&#*/&+('*%* +(()&+()%.'(!%!% “You can’t just do '*%*))##&-)+)*&%/&+('*%* !%)*&%()& %/)!0 "%&-'(&**!% /&+('*%*!)!$'&(*%* misspellings for &%**+)*&/&((%&%!%*!## #&%)+#**!&% !)!* %%%!$ &( misspelling’s sake. It’s like a blue note. %%%!$ 99473*>);*79.8*2*39&2*8 40414;*&)2.99*).3&3)%431> You have to use a 3&88&(-:8*998 *397* 9 :.9**<943 3*<%470 &.3 9&980.11% 49&;&.1&'1*.3&1189&9*8!-*(-4.(*4+&1&<>*7.8&3 .25479&39)*(.8.439-&98-4:1)349'*'&8*)841*1>:543&);*79.8*2*39847*57*8*3 kind of precision.” 9&9.43.82&)*9-&99-*6:&1.9>4+9-*1*,&18*7;.(*894'*5*7+472*).8,7*&9*79-&39-* 6:&1.9>4+1*,&18*7;.(*85*7+472*)'>49-*71&<>*783>43*(438.)*7.3,&1&<>*7 places, whether it was for West Coast 8-4:1).3)*5*3)*391>.3;*89.,&9*9-*1&<>*7@8(7*)*39.&18&3)&'.1.9>&3)3497*1>:543 &);*79.8*2*398478*1+574(1&.2*)*=5*79.8*7.477*8:198)4349,:&7&39**&8.2.1&74:9 versions of poetry or anything else. I was (42* $-.1*9-.8+.722&.39&.38/4.397*85438.'.1.9>2489(&8*84+9-.89>5*&7*7*+*77*) in the Mission District, which had about 9449-*7&99473*>8+4757.3(.5&17*85438.'.1.9>%4:2&>'*7*85438.'1*+47(*79&.3 20 bookstores. (4898*=5*38*8*,&1+**8&7*(&1(:1&9*)57.47949-*)*):(9.434+&3>(4898*=5*38*8 " !#" " ! Q. Seamus Heaney [the Irish poet and 1995 Nobel Prize laureate] was one of your biggest influences in college. What was your relationship like? A. He was great—very thoughtful, very Disruptive Investment Portfolio Contest hands-o≠. He’d give you suggestions and meet with you, but he wasn’t rewriting your poem or anything. But I remember his suggestions were always right. He •$25,000 Grand Prize Submit your picks for was very generous. disruptive companies that •$25,000 in other prizes offer major investment Q. Who are some of your biggest influences? •Nov. 12, 2007 deadline opportunities A. People like Heaney and Yeats. Gwendolyn Brooks [the late black Amer- ican poet]. Sylvia Plath. The poetry I really admire, say, is [John] Berryman. He’s Details: www.DisruptiveCapitalPartners.com

Harvard Magazine 31 MONTAGE such a mix of high and low culture. I length, but you have to say what you have here. To me, poetry feels at its best when think poetry aspires to the best of both. to say. I’m just happy that Knopf has put it’s like life, which is fragmented, some- out my work and has kept it coming out. times full of language and sometimes full Q. Why do you write such long books? One re- I always admire long poems and the way of silence, but ultimately redemptive. I viewer called For the Confederate Dead they can take in a whole world, not just a think that lyrical quality is important to “hefty.” slice of the world. Poetry isn’t meant to our lives. A. It’s not as long as my last book just be devoured in one sitting. It’s some- [Black Maria]! But those were short thing you are meant to return to, some- Shaun Sutner, a reporter at the Worcester poems. I don’t like that image: the ‘slim thing you can get lost in. Telegram & Gazette since 1992, has written volume of poetry.’ I think poetry has an What I like about poetry is that it’s for the Harvard Education Letter and Com- intensity that’s not always served by not like poetry is here and life is over monwealth Magazine.

Kenneth Kronenberg seeks the any interpersonal encounter there definitive source for “When fas- are at least six images involved: my cism comes to America, it will be Chapter & Verse image of me, my image of you, and wrapped in the flag and carrying a Correspondence on not-so-famous lost words my projected image (what I visual- cross,” attributed variously to Up- ize as your picture of me), your ton Sinclair, H.L. Mencken, and image of me, and your projected Huey Long, and to Sinclair Lewis’s It Can’t John Severson asks the source of “Strive social image (what you imagine is my pic- Happen Here. (On-line searches of two not, thou earthen pot, to smash the wall.” ture of you), and your image of yourself. texts of the novel yielded nothing, he says). The interaction of these images is reflect- “insightful commentary on conversa- ed in each individual’s behavior.” Clifford Straehley requests the name of tion” (January-February 2006). Judith Per- the putative author of the exhortation itz offers a further example. Concluding Send inquiries and answers to “Chapter “Do good because good is good to do. chapter three of his book Prisoners of Hate: and Verse,” Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Fear not the threat of Hell, nor be be- The Cognitive Basis of Anger, Hostility, and Vio- Street, Cambridge 02138, or via e-mail to guiled by the promise of Heaven.” lence (1999), Aaron T. Beck writes, “…in [email protected].

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32 September - October 2007 New England REGIONAL SECTION

Lamont Library 617-495-2454 • October 18 at 7 p.m. Extracurriculars The poems of Peruvian César Vallejo (1892-1938) are read by award-winning Harvard square o≠ers something for “Honk!” stage—traveling street bands— translator Clayton Eshleman. GY AND ETHNOLOGY; everyone this fall: saunter down to the and a “Mamapalooza” pavilion showcas- Woodberry Poetry Room. Charles River and join an ad hoc community ing moms who rock. Cabot Science Library choir as they light up the Weeks Footbridge, • October 12 at 8 p.m.; October 13 at 7 p.m. http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/#cabot learn the latest about animal sexuality at the www.aneveningwithchampions.org 617-495-5324 or 496-5534 Cabot Science Library, watch Olympic 617-493-8172 • Opening October 15 skaters cut the ice at the Bright Hockey Organized by Harvard undergraduates, Baby Flamingo Has Two Daddies: Sex, Center, or simply let the words of Peruvian the annual ice-skating show An Evening Gender, and Sexuality in the Animal poet César Vallejo wash over you during an with Champions raises money for the Kingdom features biological research sug- evening reading at Lamont Library. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute’s Jimmy gesting that sex and gender roles among Fund. Bright Hockey Center. animals are more ﬂuid than previously SEASONAL • October 20-21 thought. • September 23 at 5 p.m. www.hocr.org www.revels.org Trek down to the river to watch athletes EXHIBITIONS 617-972-8300, extension 22 from around the world race in the annual Peabody Museum of Archaeology RiverSing 2007: Bridging the Charles two-day Head of the Charles regatta. and Ethnology with Voice and Light www.peabody.harvard.edu; 617-495-1027 Join Revels Inc. for this free event on the LIBRARIES • October 5-7 Weeks Footbridge in Cambridge. The www.hcl.harvard.edu/libraries Storied Walls: Murals of the Americas is procession begins at Winthrop Park. Pusey Library 617-495-2413 a weekend of lectures and tours related to • October 7, noon-6 p.m. • Continuing murals found in churches, sacred www.harvardsquare.com Family Album: The Roosevelts at Home grounds, and ceremonial rooms. Chil- The twenty-ninth annual Oktoberfest fea- features images from Sagamore Hill. dren’s programming is included. tures street performances, live music, • Opening September 11 • Opening October 25. dancing, and food from around the world, A Celebration of Charts: Two Hundred “A Good Type” showcases early Japanese as well as wares from more than 250 arti- Years of the U.S. Coast Survey highlights photographs. Among them, tinted scenes sans and merchants. New this year is the rare and exotic nautical documents. of kimono-clad geishas, samurai warriors, Left to right: A Henry Horenstein closeup, at the Harvard Museum of Natural History; a photograph of a Japanese samurai at the COURTESY OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY ART MUSEUMS ©PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS COLLEGE Peabody Museum; Migof Bloody and Blooming, 1965, by Bernard Schultze, in Making Myth Modern at the Busch-Reisinger Museum FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: HENRY HORENSTEIN/THE HARVARD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY; COURTESY THE PEABODY ARCHAEOLO

Harvard Magazine 32A NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL SECTION

and delicate cherry blossoms. A curator’s talk starts at 5:45 p.m. • Continuing: Vanished Kingdoms: The Wulsin Photographs of Tibet, China, and Mongolia, 1921–1925. • Continuing: The Ethnography of Lewis and Clark, with items such as bear-claw orna- ments, a painted bu≠alo robe, women’s dresses, and a whaling chief’s hat. Semitic Museum www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/ At Brookhaven 617-495-4631 Continuing: Ancient Egypt: Magic and the lifecare living is as good as it looks. Afterlife shows visitors some ancient views of life after death. Brookhaven at Lexington offers the security of quality on-site health care, Continuing: The Houses of Ancient Israel: opportunities for a healthy, active lifestyle and the companionship of Domestic, Royal, Divine features a full- people who share your commitment to independent living. scale replica of an Iron Age (ca. 1200-586 b.c.e.) village house. Call today for information about our priority wait list. Harvard Museum of Natural History Lexington, MA 02421 www.hmnh.harvard.edu (718) 863-9660 617-495-1027 (800) 283-1114 • Opening September 28 aboutbrookhaven.org Looking at Animals: Photographs by Henry Horenstein o≠ers a rich collection of sepia-toned close-ups of creatures from the land and sea. • Continuing: Climate Change: Our Global Experiment is an insider’s look at the science of climate. • Continuing: Nests and Eggs explores the world of birds’ eggs. Fogg Art Museum 617-495-9400/9422 • Opening October 6 Kara Walker: Harper’s Pictorial History of the Civil War (Annotated). To com- memorate the inauguration of University president Drew Faust, this exhibit includes Walker’s silhouettes silkscreened onto 15 prints from the 1866 publication. Sackler Museum 617-495-9400/9422 • Opening September 22 Gods in Color: Painted Sculptures of Classi- cal Antiquity displays full-scale color recon- structions of Greek and Roman figures juxtaposed with original statues and reliefs in Wish you were the colorless state we find today. 85B5 Busch-Reisinger Museum 617-495-2317 • Through November 4: Light Display Ma- Caribbean vacation season is just around the corner. Reach an audience you can trust chines: Two Works by László Moholy-Nagy when you advertise your rental property in the Harvard Magazine Classifieds. o≠ers the artist’s seminal kinetic sculpture, Contact us at 617-496-6686 or at classifi[email protected] Light Prop for an Electric Stage (1930), and his

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www.hammondre.com Cambridge, Belmont, Watertown & Somerville Residential, Commercial, Rentals & Property Management Cambridge Office 617-497-4400 • Belmont Office 617-484-1900 NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL SECTION short, experimental film Light Play: Black • October 16-21 MUSIC White Gray, with choreographed sequences, The Veiled Monologues, by Adelheid Roosen, Sanders Theatre double exposures, and special e≠ects. is based on interviews with Turkish www.fas.harvard.edu/~tickets/ • Continuing: Making Myth Modern: women in Holland and their perspectives 617-496-2222 Primordial Themes in German 20th- on intimacy, sexuality, and love. • October 19 at 8 p.m. Century Sculpture. Eight dramatic pieces • October 27 through November 18 The Harvard Glee Club joins the Prince- by artists such as Max Beckmann, Joseph Donnie Darko. Directed by Marcus Stern, ton Glee Club and the Choir of St. Beuys, and Gerhard Marcks. this is a new adaptation of the 2001 cult George’s Chapel, Windsor, England, for a film classic about a troubled teenager who concert. NATURE AND SCIENCE meets a giant rabbit who tells him of the • October 26 at 8 p.m. The Harvard-Smithsonian Center world’s end during the 1988 presidential The Harvard Jazz Band, Harvard Univer- for Astrophysics campaign. sity Band, and Harvard Wind Ensemble www.cfa.harvard.edu/events.html perform works commemorating the one- 617-495-7461. Phillips Auditorium, FILM hundredth birthday of composer Leroy 60 Garden Street. Lectures and rooftop The Harvard Film Archive Anderson ’29, A.M. ’30. viewing (weather permitting). www.harvardfilmarchive.org • October 27 at 8 p.m. • September 20 at 7:30 p.m. “Astronomy for Visit the website for complete listings. The Harvard-Radcliffe Orchestra has cho- Kids of All Ages.” 617-495-4700 sen to celebrate its two-hundredth year • October 18 at 7:30 p.m. • September 7-10 with a program that includes Beethoven’s “Fifty Years and Counting: The Dawn of the Ousmane Sembene–In Memoriam looks Fifth Symphony and Gustav Holst’s suite Space Age.” at the work of this Senegalese filmmaker. The Planets. • October 19-29 THEATER Michael Haneke: A Cinema of Provoca- Events listings also appear in the University The American Repertory Theatre tion examines the Austrian director, whose Gazette, accessible via this magazine’s www.amrep.org; 617-547-8300 works include Cache and The Piano Teacher. website, www.harvardmagazine.com.

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Modern and Historic Iconic residences redeﬁne the style of New England • by Nell Porter Brown

mony with the surrounding environment. The rising profile of these sites, and the work of preservation groups, can be seen as harbingers of a shifting perspective on modern aesthetics in a part of the country most identified with white- steepled churches, colonial village greens, and fabled red- brick universities (although even Harvard has its share of modern edginess; see page 50). “The average layperson does not see New England as a hotbed of modernism,” says David Fixler, president of DOCOMOMO/New Eng- The celebrated Glass land, a branch, founded in House would startle 1997, of the Paris-based group pious Puritans and that advocates for modern ar- Newport nabobs alike. chitecture. “But in fact, all of the great, internationally recognized leaders of the mod- ore than 500 people turned for the preservation of modern architec- ern movement did work in New England.” out in June for the inaugural ture, art, and landscape.” That includes Bauhaus founder Walter gala picnic at Philip Johnson’s The Johnson house may be the Gropius (who taught for years at the Har- Glass House, in New Canaan, showiest example of modernism in New vard Graduate School of Design after MConnecticut. The long-awaited event England, but it is far from the only one. leaving Nazi Germany), as well as Frank raised $750,000 for further preservation of The majority of modern residences are in Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, the most celebrated modern house in the private hands, but several are open to the and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. But Fix- Northeast. Public tours are sold out into public, including the one-story, red tile- ler is quick to note that modernist archi- parts of next year, as people from around roofed Zimmerman House in Manchester, tects Edwin Goodell (who designed Field the world plan pilgrimages to the site. New Hampshire, a late work by Frank Farm) and Henry Hoover, M.Arch. ’26, The deceptively simple transparent Lloyd Wright; the eccentric Frelinghuy- built homes in New England that predate box, held up by slim steel pillars, was sen Morris House in Lenox, Massachu- Gropius’s arrival. “Many people don’t re- completed in 1949 and served as Johnson’s setts, built in the International style and alize that the seeds of modernism were home, with the lush grounds his canvas, lived in as a showcase for the collection of here before Gropius,” explains Fixler, until he died in 2005. In all, the estate abstract art of its longtime owners; and who lives in a Hoover-designed 1949 boasts 14 experimental structures unfet- two adjacent dwellings, Field Farm home in Weston, Massachusetts. Yet it tered by “clients, function, and money,” as (open as a bed and breakfast) and The would be hard to overstate the influence Johnson ’27, B.Arch. ’43, once said, and is Folly, on pastoral acreage in Williams- of Gropius and his colleagues Marcel now operated by the National Trust for town, Massachusetts, which o≠er prime Breuer and Walter Bogner on a slew of Historic Preservation as a public monu- examples of one of modernism’s central younger Harvard-trained architects, in- ment and museum and a central “catalyst tenets: that structures be designed in har- cluding Edward Larrabee Barnes ’38,

32F September - October 2007 Photograph by Eirik Johnson/the Glass House Vice President GAIL ROBERTS 1730 Massachusetts Ave & TEAM Cambridge, MA 02138 617 245-4044

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C AMBRIDGE, MA C AMBRIDGE, MA C AMBRIDGE, MA Off Brattle Street and close to the Charles River, this Just renovated Italianate-Bracketed home, c. 1853, “One of the finest pieces of domestic architecture in splendid 14-room Queen Anne, c.1883, sits on over situated on landscaped grounds near Harvard Old Cambridge.” This landmark 13-room brick 1/4 of an acre of lovely grounds. It boasts an 18’ foyer, Square, has 12 rooms, 6 bedrooms, period details, English Riding House is on well over 1/3 of an acre 32’ Living room, 22’ Dining room, 6 Fireplaces, 8 front-to-back foyer with curved staircase, inlaid of landscaped grounds. Exquisite detailing includes Bedrooms, 4 1/2 Bathrooms, bays, French doors, 35’ floors, 5 fireplaces, floor-to-ceiling windows, French fluted columns, paneling, moldings, grand curved porch & 2-car garage + parking for 6. $2,600,000 doors to deck, garden, & garage. $5,350,000 staircase and five fireplaces. $4,100,000

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C AMBRIDGE, MA C AMBRIDGE, MA gailrobertsrealestate.com Elegant 11+ room Brattle Street Colonial - a short Set upon majestic gardens, this 15-room Colonial 617 245-4044 distance to Harvard Square & Charles River. This Revival, circa 1889, boasts a grand entrance and home has 4 fireplaces, 5+ bedrooms, floor-to-ceil- spacious entertaining rooms which flow graciously If your property is currently listed with a real estate broker, ing windows, a lovely wide front-to-back foyer onto a 21’ deck. The period details, 5 fireplaces, please disregard. It is not our intention to solicit offerings of other real estate brokers. We are happy to work with them with grand staircase, library with green house bay, au-pair suite and two-car garage make this an elegant and cooperate fully. Owned and operated by NRT Incorporated. a terrace, & 2 car garage. $2,500,000 home near Harvard Law School. $2,895,000 An equal Opportunity Employer Equal Housing Opportunity NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL SECTION

B.Arch. ’42; Ulrich Franzen, M.Arch. ’48; ums, but one of its most popular destina- because the structures were built John Johansen ’39, B.Arch. ’42; Carl Koch tions is the 1938 home of Gropius himself specifically for the landscape, and we are ’34, M.Arch. ’37; Eliot Noyes ’32, M.Arch. in Lincoln, Massachusetts, which at- a land-conservation organization, we are ’38; I.M. Pei, M.Arch. ’46; and Paul Ru- tracts visitors from around the world. interested in preserving them together.” dolph, M.Arch. ’47—all of whom went on The organization is now developing a re- The group has also recently taken on a to design buildings around New England. gional reference database showcasing 1950 house in Concord designed by The residential works by selected modernist Architects’ Collaborative (TAC), Gropi- Now that “modernism,” under the 50- architects. “There is a strong research in- us’s Cambridge firm, which is currently year guideline, also means “historic,” terest in our collections,” Zimmerman used as a rental property. some regional preservation groups have says, “and in our property holdings and Newer grassroots groups such as the begun to grapple with how to treat the in our archives.” Friends of Modern Architecture in Lin- newest additions to the local historic The Trustees of Reservations, a stal- coln, Massachusetts, are also educating landscape: the modernist homes built wart land-conservation group, operates their fellow residents and drawing atten- from the 1930s through the 1950s. “These not only Field Farm—the 1948 Bauhaus- tion to preservation issues around mod- houses tend to be isolated in their set- era home built by the MIT-trained Good- ern homes. In addition to the Gropius tings—like the Glass House—and are ell, which is complete with many original house, Lincoln has more than 100 private set pieces in a larger landscape,” notes furnishings, artwork, and a sculpture gar- custom-built modern dwellings, and has Sally Zimmerman, preservation special- den—but also The Folly, designed in 1964 been a hothouse for architectural devel- ist at the nonprofit organization Historic by Ulrich Franzen, which is now open as opment, says FOMA cofounder and presi- New England. “There, the preservation a museum only. “The whole property is a dent Dana Robbat, A.L.M. ’02, who is is of a masterwork and the house is wonderful teaching tool, especially be- writing a book about European mod- treated as an artifact. You don’t destroy cause we can compare the two buildings ernism and its impact on New England. it because it is a wonderful art object.” in discussions on postwar American The group sponsors receptions, private Historic New England archives artifacts architecture,” says the Trustees’ historic- house tours, and panel discussions, such and operates three dozen house muse- resources manager, Will Garrison. “And as an event last April on renovating and

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If you would like to list a property in our November-December issue, contact Myha Nguyen: 617.496.4032

32H September - October 2007 Today, visitors can walk The Gropius House through the open rooms and Lincoln, Massachusetts look out plate-glass windows— www.historicnewengland.org meant to maximize passive 781.259.8098 solar heat and views of the landscape—and feel as if the According to his younger daughter, Wal- family were returning at any ter Gropius was no sentimentalist. What moment. The furniture, much he would have thought of his family home’s of it designed by Gropius’s fel- current status as a world-renowned tourist low Bauhaus member and De- site, is not clear.The boxy white structure sign School colleague Marcel Breuer (who built in 1938 was meant to be economical built his own home nearby), is beautifully and comfortable—not “a monument to the intact, as are artwork, dishware, books— Modern movement,” Ati Gropius Johansen even Ise’s earrings, on a dressing table. wrote in a 2003 article for Historic New Note also how the home was set de- England Magazine. It was her mother, Ise cedely on the land to guard against the Gropius, who continuously brought visitors north winds, and take advantage of sun- into their quintessentially modern abode, light through a second-floor deck by built with efficiency under the architectural Ati’s bedroom. Yet the living-room fire- ethos, “form follows function.” And she place, not a great heat source, catered gave it to Historic New England as a time- simply to familial pleasure, Johansen says, less testament to Gropius’s revolutionary and “the delight my parents both took in philosophy. sitting before an open fire.” COURTESY OF HISTORIC NEW ENGLAND

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Harvard Magazine 32I NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL SECTION

maintaining a modern house, cospon- Six Moon Hill] than the economic model stories will never be told,” says Boston ar- sored with Historic New England. “Most that is suggested by ‘mass housing.’” chitect Edwin “Ned” Goodell, M.Arch. people don’t like looking at modern Any group eager to preserve modern ’98, the architect’s grandson. “This partic- homes; they are just not immediately aes- structures still faces the problem Dana ular house is interesting because it thetically pleasing to a lot of people,” Robbat raises: the often dim awareness marked a departure from the ‘historicist’ Robbat says. “It’s like looking at any piece on the part of homebuyers, developers— work of my grandfather’s early career and of modern art. But once you understand or even local historic commissions—of it is evidence that there was fledgling in- what the artist had in mind, you can ap- the desirability of distinctive postwar terest in new building types before the preciate the work much more.” homes. “In Oak Park, Illinois, the preser- arrival of Gropius and the Europeans.” Preservation interest centers primarily vation perspective is Frank Lloyd on one-of-a-kind, commissioned works Wright,” Mark Mulligan says. “Our focus The appeal of modern homes is time- by well-regarded architects and on some in New England has been on colonial and less, Fixler says. “Modernism was about planned modern residential communi- federal styles, and nineteenth-century ar- encouraging democratic ideas, including ties, such as the renowned cul-de-sac of chitecture.” DOCOMOMO’s David Fixler the idea that everyone can live well and flat-roofed, timber-sided homes called agrees. “We’ve had some victories, and live on a modest scale,” he explains. “The Six Moon Hill built by and for TAC ar- some defeats,” he says of trying to save movement was about breaking down chitects in Lexington, Massachusetts. modern buildings. “The importance of walls and opening up spaces and creating “In comparison to many contemporary New England to modernism is generally better communal environments, and the suburban developments elsewhere, like underappreciated.” houses were meant to have a very light Levittown, the emphasis was not neces- Several years ago the group helped pre- environmental impact on the land. There sarily on creating the largest possible serve an especially innovative Edwin is something very liberating and uplifting number of houses, but rather on creating Goodell house built in 1934 in Weston, about life in a modern house, and it is community of a certain scale and charac- Massachusetts, by finding owners who something we don’t want to lose track of, ter,” says Cambridge architect Mark wanted to live in the building rather than especially given the general push toward Mulligan, M.Arch. ’90, adjunct associate tear it down. “If we destroy these houses, sustainability.” professor at the Graduate School of De- then we will have lost an important part Mulligan sees the e∞cient use of sign. “For me, there is something both of our social and political history as well space, modest footprint, and the open- more artistic and more civic-oriented [in as our architectural history, and those ing to natural light and garden views—

latin and Charles Shaw, as well as unusual The Freylinghuysen Morris House works by Picasso and Gris. Their eccentric abode features a marbled foyer with Lenox, Massachusetts • www.frelinghuysen.org • 413.637.0166 a curved staircase and wrought-iron rail- Suzy Frelinghuysen and ing leading to bedrooms on the second George L.K. Morris were floor and a sunken bar off an Art Deco prolific abstract artists at the living room that boasts a floor-to-ceiling forefront of the American art glass wall with views of gardens sloping scene, starting in the 1930s. down to a pond. Morris’s north-facing art Known as the “Park Avenue studio, built in 1930, was based on the Cubists,” both came from workspace of Le Corbusier, with whom wealthy families and filled he had studied in Paris. The house, de- their Bauhaus-inspired white signed by John Butler Swann, followed in stucco home with their own the early 1940s and sits on 46 acres of animated frescoes and the sun-dappled woodlands near Tanglewood. works of cohorts A.E. Gal- Walking trails abound, including a moss- COURTESY OF FRELINGHUYSEN MORRIS HOUSE covered fairy-tale pathway over a stream; dotted around the property are exquisite stone sculptures. Docent tours are offered, as is a comprehensive movie about the couple and their mission as early promoters of abstract art. As Mor- ris once put it: “The hour is overdue for a refinement of sensibility in our vulgar modern world.” House, a glass- The Glass House roofed sculpture New Canaan, Connecticut gallery, paintings www.philipjohnsonglasshouse.org that are located 203.966.8167; 866.811.4111. in an earth berm resembling a clas- Visitors to the Glass House and its at- sical tomb, and tendant rolling lawns have two options the wavy, geometric structure known as tas from this 47-acre wonderland of for guided tours: a $25 90-minute visit, or Da Monsta, Johnson’s on-site visitor’s modernism. (It’s best to take the train to a $40 two-hour foray that allows more center inspired by the work of artist and New Canaan, as parking is tight downtime to linger, sketch, and take pho- architect Frank Stella. Along the way, visi- town and there is none at the Johnson tographs. All trips include stops at the tors can spot artwork by Johnson and his site itself; a shuttle leaves from a visitors’ Glass House itself, the Brick (guest) famous friends and take in the lovely vis- center across from the train station.) in essence using the natural world as ex- makes them work is the cleverness of it vertically on the interior. He is an his- tended outdoor rooms—as definitive design and the number of built-ins.” toric figure and the house is a time cap- lessons for homeowners living in today’s One of the best examples of these ideas sule. Going out there also gets visitors COURTESY OF PAUL WARCHOL/THE GLASS HOUSE climate crisis. “A 1,200-square-foot mid- is Gropius’s own home; Mulligan sends into the forests and pastures around the century modern house is the opposite of everyone he knows to see it. “The arche- house—all these things we think of as today’s 5,000-square-foot McMansion in typal New England house is a painted, New England’s natural heritage.” terms of how space is valued and used,” wooden, boxy structure,” he says. Six Moon Hill in Lexington still runs, as he says. “It’s important for us as a soci- “Gropius absorbed the New England originally planned, as a consensus-based ety to keep these smaller modern characteristics [wood, brick, fieldstone] community with membership dues and houses, because they move us away from but did something new with them. He some communal property, including a the culture of consumption. What used cedar-clapboard siding, but he uses swimming pool and meeting grounds. “It’s

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Harvard Magazine 32K NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL SECTION

remarkable that the community has main- tained the same spirit as long as it has,” says founding TAC architect John “Chip” Harkness ’38, M.Arch. ’41. “It’s more than just a typical suburb, it is a group of people who meet together and do more than be next-door neighbors who never speak to each other.” (He now lives in Maine, but his first wife, another TAC architect, Sarah Pillsbury Harkness, still lives at Six Moon Hill along with some other founding families.) Lexington also boasts five other sub- divisions of modern homes from the 1950s and 1960s, including Five Fields, Turning Mill Road, and Peacock Farm. In Concord, Massachusetts, Carl Koch, a longtime MIT professor, produced the 1950s Conantum community, designed as convenient, a≠ordable housing for university academics back when Concord was a 22-minute 888/&&/"4-*()5*/($0. drive to MIT, notes Sally Zimmerman, of Historic New England, citing original pro- motional materials for the development. +',4USFFUJO)BSWBSE4RVBSF ʰʰ-".14 Few would question preserving the Gropius house, or even those that comprise Six Moon Hill. But whether all modern houses should be saved as a matter of course is not always clear. “There is no canonical definition of what’s histori- cally relevant or important,” Mulligan says. Market forces are hugely influential, Where The Emphasis Is On Living Sell To Us. as are potentially expensive problems related to restoration and maintenance, Here’s what people DIAMONDS are saying about us. which, he explains, often require specially trained contractors and hard-to-find au- PRECIOUS STONES thentic materials. “A lot of mid-century houses are small and glassy and their new FINE JEWELRY buyers value the land and location over the architect’s vision,” he says. See us last for the best price. In July, for example, after long negotia- tions, a deal to save a flat-roofed 1956 Paul Name: Rachel Occupation: Retired(*1-, Grade School Teacher Rudolph house on a blu≠ in Watch Hill, Hobbies: Travel,-01!*2.%/3(0-/%1(/%$ Archeology, Photography Rhode Island, fell through over issues of Choice of%!$(,& !*)(,&4%/#(0(,& Senior/Assisted Living: Cadbury,$%.%,$%,1#1(3% Commons timing and liability, according to a New York Times article. The owners had wanted the “Cadbury is !$"2/5-++-,0my home. I always feel secure and I receive excellent services, as well as enjoying “Cerrito house,” as it was known, removed the+$ companionship % %& of others. ! !& The atmosphere & "%#$ is so they could build a larger vacation home, friendly," # tolerant ! of differences, #&* and &$"'"'& compassionate. & Cadbury" '!&* %%'$&& Commons encourages the pursuit#$&" of and two designers had hoped to move the hobbies,"&$% (%%&*$" and offers opportunities !"$ for mental *% dwelling to land upstate; instead, the and spiritual && '$* growth. "Cambridge "!% #$"(% is a great structure was demolished in June. The place) &$!!$!$"'#"#"# )" to live and Cadbury Commons affords us$!&$%&! the opportunity *) $, to take advantage of all “Micheels House,” a 1972 Rudolph dwelling the Community has to offer.” on the waterfront in Westport, Connecti- &"$$!#$%"! Call&"'$"$(%&)))'$*" (617) 868-0575 to arrange a personal "!%" tour, or 232 BOYLSTON STREET (ROUTE 9) cut, was demolished last January despite $visit www.cadburycommons.com #%%%!(! CHESTNUT HILL, MA 02467 public controversy and legal action over its 617.969.6262 • 1.800.328.4326 '%/+!,1/%%1!+"/($&%66 Sherman Street, Cambridge, importance. “Things are changing so www.davidandcompany.com ◆ MA 02140 • (617)868-0575

32L September - October 2007 The Harvard Club of Boston is family.

Tuck Rickards, MBA’91, Boston Area Manager, Russell Reynolds Associates, Inc.; President, HBS Alumni of Boston, 2006. Since we moved to Marblehead, my family and I have used the Harvard Club as our Boston home base. Where else can you extend a dinner for two into a relaxing evening with friends, or even an overnight stay in one of the Club’s hotel rooms? And our children Matt, Katie, and Andrew really enjoy their “Power Breakfasts with Dad” (frankly,not as much as I do).

With our office located at One Federal Street, my colleagues and I use the Downtown Club as our company meeting place. You can’t beat the food, or the views of Boston Harbor. It is also a great way to keep in touch with fellow Alumni and friends.

Why not join my wife Kelly,my children, and me in making the Harvard Club of Boston a part of your family? Visitwww.harvardclub.com and click on “Become a Member.” Or call Debbie Fiore at (617) 450-4492. The view from our Downtown Clubhouse Main Dining Room The Harvard Club of Boston: A Trusted Friend in a Changing World. MAIN CLUBHOUSE: 374 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 DOWNTOWN CLUB: One Federal Street, 38th Floor, Boston, MA 02110 The Zimmerman House Manchester, New Hampshire www.currier.org • 603.669.6144

This red-tiled 1950 Frank Lloyd Wright Commissioned by house sits low to the ground at an angle Lucille and Isadore on a suburban lot, its backside facing an ex- J. Zimmerman ’25, pansive landscape that appears to float into the home is now the home through plate-glass windows operated by the flanked by planters on both sides. “The Currier Museum; it whole idea was to make the walls disap- is the only Wright pear between the garden and the room,” home open to the said docent Douglas Chamberlain ’73 on a public in New England. A prominent recent tour. “And all the interior spaces pagan-looking hearth anchors the house, are joined together at corners, instead of a testament, Chamberlain asserts, to by walls and through passageways.” These Wright’s passionate Celtic heritage.Also hallmarks of modernism, along with 50 clear is Wright’s fascination with things built-ins, elegant geometric furnishings, Japanese: his rice-paper lampshades emit Wright’s signature “Cherokee red” palette, soft bedroom light, a painted screen and the abundance of natural materials— sculpts the living room, and the low din- brick, clay, and the warm glow of Georgian ing table, with matching ottoman cypress—make this tightly designed 1,600- stools—a sure novelty for any of the square-foot home a prime teaching tool. Zimmermans’ dinner guests. quickly [in the construction landscape] lete,’” Zimmerman adds. “There is such a believes, but on sensitively adapting or now that we cannot evaluate the rational philosophy behind modernism enlarging these modern homes—as virtu- signiﬁcance of many modern houses before that some of the designers themselves say, ally all of the Six Moon Hill homes have they are gone,” explains Sally Zimmerman. ‘Go ahead, tear it down. If it’s not work- been. Chip Harkness weighs in: “I think “We don’t have the luxury we do with an ing now, then build something new.’” The it’s very nice to preserve—maybe not the old Revolutionary-era home to determine emphasis does not have to be on tradi- how important it is to history.” tional restoration or preservation, Fixler But opinions can vary within the architectural and design community. “There is an element, even among the surviving designers of these houses, that says, ‘No, they should not be preserved. The style is obso-

Isamu Noguchi coffee ta- (TOP) NEVA AUSTREW/ZIMMERMAN HOUSE/CURRIER MUSEUM OF ART. (BOTTOM) J. DAVID BOHL/ZIMMERMAN HOUSE/CURRIER MUSEUM OF ART Field Farm and The Folly ble and a Vladimir Kagan Williamstown, Massachusetts couch? Field Farm, a 1948 www.thetrustees.org/pages/303_field_farm.cfm Bauhaus-era home, has 413.298.3239 not only original furnishings but a wide array of What other bed and breakfast offers modern and contemporary artwork, and Bloedel lived on the estate, which they an original Charles and Ray Eames chair an exquisite sculpture garden en route to had created, for decades before giving it for lounging by the fireside? Or a vintage an outdoor pool. Tours of the adjacent to the Trustees in 1984. Five bedrooms, museum, a 1966 guest some with fireplaces and decks, draw de- house called The Folly, sign and architecture buffs from through- are also available, as are out the country. “It’s a combination of a extensive walking trails modern B and B—with authentic fur- through the property’s nishings people can use and sit on—with 316 acres of conserva- nature trails, and an interesting, historic tion land, owned by the house,” says the Trustees’ historic-re- Trustees of Reservations. sources manager, Will Garrison. What Lawrence and Eleanore more could a cultured weekender want? COURTESY OF THE TRUSTEES RESERVATIONS NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL SECTION Southgate at Shrewsbury Continuing Care Retirement Community specifics—but the spirit of the original Less than 1 hour from thing and, to the extent possible, preserve Boston • 200 Seat theatre the building and not tear things down • Health club • Indoor and build new ones. I’d rather adapt swimming pool • Four-lane structures than see them torn down. But bowling alley • Woodwork- then, I’m an old man and I like to preserve ing shop • Fine and casual what I can.” dining. For a brochure, The Trustees of Reservations faced an please call 1-800-492-8331. interesting problem when the organization inherited Field Farm and The Folly 30 Julio Drive, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 • www. southgateatshrewsbury.com in 1984. “The owners [Lawrence and Eleanore Bloedel] themselves did not see the home as ‘historic,’ but they did consider The Folly to be important” from an architectural point of view, says Garrison, Trustees’ historic-resources manager. “So we treat the main house as an enterprise, but are sympathetic to its history.” The Folly, which was used by the Bloedels as a guesthouse, is a curving “Best Affordable French Restaurant” shingled structure resembling a pin- Boston Magazine 2006 wheel. It’s set gracefully beside a spring- Join us for lunch, dinner, or private dining, seven days a week. fed pond and a fringe of trees overlooking Menus & hours at www.sandrines.com. fields and woodlands with public walk- 8 Holyoke St., Cambridge MA • (617) 497-5300 ing trails. It also served as a gallery for some of the Bloedels’ considerable modern-art collection (which was largely divided between the Whitney Museum of Art and the Williams College Museum of Art after Lawrence Bloedel died in 1976). For Franzen, the architect, the environment dictated the design. “There’s a view of Mount Greylock from the large living room, a di≠erent view of the pond—on VeridianVillage which the Bloedels held skating parties in at HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE the winter—from the kitchen, and other views of the fields and trees from the bed- Live. And Learn. rooms,” says Franzen, who is now retired and living in New Mexico. “Larry Bloedel loved that guesthouse. It was meant to be Have you ever longed to return to the intellectual and a counterpoint to his rather prosaic modernist house, a plain old Jane” (a reference artistic stimulation of your college days? If so, you’ll want to the main house, designed by Goodell). to consider Veridian Village Condominiums at Hampshire When asked whether The Folly was meant to last forever, to be preserved in College. Now you can own one of approximately 125 perpetuity, Franzen replies: “Of course. Any work of architecture with some new condominium homes designed with unique “green” merit and skill and artistry deserves to stand as long as it can. And that house, building and landscape features. Take advantage of the The Folly, has that, for sure. I’m glad that wide variety of cultural, academic and recreational it is sort of an historic building now.” He pauses, then adds: “All architects have opportunities the region has to offer. Coming soon. dreams of glory.”

Nell Porter Brown is the assistant editor of this For more information on the condominiums at Veridian Village, magazine. visit us at VeridianVillage.com, or call 1-888-253-3903.

Harvard Magazine 32O TASTES AND TABLES

Tiny Treasure Eating out “at home” in Jamaica Plain

greet regulars and then, smiling and eager, asked how we had found the food. The menu is selective: five appetizers, five entrées. We ordered, then sipped a 2004 Beaujolais and dipped bread into bright green olive oil while discussing other tiny eateries we have favored. (One gem is Cambridge’s Baraka Café, which serves authentic North African fare.) At Ten Tables, the emphasis is on Euro- pean tastes. The homemade charcuterie plate ($9) included a tangle of salty shred- ded pork slow-cooked in its own fat (known as rillettes), with two match- stick-sized pickled ramps, five golden raisins in sauce, and two buttery toast points. More side tidbits with the pork might be a good idea, but everything there was delicious. The mussels and spinach in cream sa≠ron sauce ($7)—somewhere between soup and dip—offered comfortable, if undi≠erentiated, flavors and could have used something crisp, raw, or zesty to

COURTESY OF TEN TABLES o≠set an overall mushiness. he kitchen at Ten Tables is like cook in the kitchen yelling at me.” For the The entrées were sensational. Rubbed none we’ve ever seen. Red-faced first two years as an owner, she wait- roasted pork loin ($18) came with celery, cooks don’t swear, or growl “Plate ressed every night, and took not one day carrots, shallots, and fresh green fava beans this!” at scuttling waitsta≠. Nor o≠. Slowly she hired a competent, fresh- in a broth, along with Punch’s outstanding Tdo they sweat heavily amid grubby condi- faced sta≠ impassioned by the work of (and sneakily hot) a traditional romesco, tions. We know this because, as the name serving a≠ordable, “high-quality food that Spanish sauce he often makes with árbol states, Ten Tables is very small. The din- is simple and tasty,” she explains. “I think chiles, crushed pine nuts, garlic, and sun- ers, chef, and server share one good-sized everyone here feels like this is part of their dried tomatoes. A cool, whipped, black- room divided only by a slim aluminum own” creative venture. olive aioli topped the very fresh, slightly counter which doubles as a table for two During our visit, the sta≠ conducted its crusty bluefish ($20) that arrived with facing the kitchen. work to the rhythms of Thelonious Monk farro and perfectly wilted spinach. The That casual, at-home feeling is entirely and Miles Davis; and the group’s easy, happy winsome hazelnut brown-butter cake ($6) by design. “I like customers to feel like engagement couldn’t help but rub o≠ on the with homemade vanilla ice cream, black- they are part of the experience, not that rest of us. Our grinning waiter looked like a berries, and sauce, clinched a delightful the experience is happening to them,” says young Kevin Bacon, long bangs swept to the evening, though others may opt for the chic owner Krista Kranyak. “Everything is per- side, as he explained how chocolate mousse with sonal here.” She opened Ten Tables about the Mediterranean grain TEN TABLES Chantilly ($6). five years ago, having worked in restau- farro is cooked slowly to 597 Centre Street In the end, Kranyak’s rants since she was 15—her first job was ensure a satisfyingly firm Boston (Jamaica Plain) vision reminds us that the as a hostess with a “brother who was a but chewy texture. At the 617-524-8810 best gifts often come in Above: The storefront at Ten Tables suggests end of the meal, chef David www.tentables.net small packages wrapped European charm. Punch came around to Open daily for dinner. by loving hands. n.p.b. Reservations recommended. 32P September - October 2007 6/@D/@2/:C;<7/AA=17/B7=<

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eter shaw ashton stepped into his first Asian tropi- tropics just at the start of his career, with high-spirited forest- cal forest 50 years ago last March. For what he has ac- dwellers. “I was a fresh graduate of Cambridge University, and I complished in those steamy reaches, he has been wanted to be a grad student under my professor, naturalist John awarded the Japan Prize in the category of “Science and Corner,” says Ashton. “He told me, ‘Look, if you want to work in Technology of Harmonious Coexistence.” the tropics, you can’t go out for three months on a research grant He had his most formative harmonious encounter in the and do something quick and come back and make some great P generalization which will get you through a doctoral dissertation. You’ve got to get yourself a job.’ How was I going to do that? This was the end of the colonial era. I said, ‘The last thing they need is Brits out there at a time of all this change.’ ‘Don’t worry,’ said Corner, ‘every now and then a letter comes from someone who wants a botanist in some remote place in the world.’ “Meantime, I worked at a gas station,” Ashton continues, “where I was soon fired for technical incompetence. I then knew that forest botany was my sole ability, and fortunately the opportunity was not long in coming.” After about six months, Corner got a letter from the sultan’s government in Brunei. “‘They’re looking for a botanist to document the timber trees,’ he told Borneo, early me. ‘Would you be morning. Most interested?’ Unbe- of the trees are dipterocarps, lievable! Forest bot- but in the fore- anist to His High- ground is Koom- ness, the Sultan of passia excelsa, a favorite nesting Brunei! It sounds spot of the like something from giant honey bee. the nineteenth century, and indeed in a way it was. So I went o≠ by ship and worked for His Highness Sultan Omar for five years. Those first years are always the best.” Brunei, on the island of Borneo, is about the size of Rhode Island. At that time, says Ashton, “more than 70 percent of Borneo was covered in primeval, uncut, forest. Now, little remains, even to

LOUISE MURRAY/ROBERT HARDING WORLD IMAGERY/CORBIS the mountain tops, except in the national parks—themselves threatened by illegal harvesting—and inaccessible limestone peaks.” Yesterday’s forest, “with about 800 tree species and teeming with crit- ters,” he says, “has been converted into a forest with a single tree species, most often oil palm, and the brown rat—and barn owls and king cobras.” Ashton set about writing taxonomic accounts of the timber trees, particularly the dipterocarps: what used to be called Philippine mahoganies, huge trees that dominate the canopy. No one knew which or how many species were there. He ended up with descriptions of 156 dipterocarp species and rough records of many other species. “There are about 3,000 tree species in Brunei,” he says. “In other words, 10 times the number of species in A dipterocarp, the United States. So shot in Borneo by Harvard it was a huge task.” ornithologist In the process of Tim Laman, a doing the job, he former Ashton student. spent 28 months in longhouses or under canvas with the indigenous Iban Dayak, a tribe once known for their headhunting achievements. “I learned my botany from them. I had no library, just a couple of books and no herbarium. I had four Dayak collectors and tree climbers. They didn’t have any English, and I jumped in at the deep end. They were wonderful people, good company, with a robust sense of humor and a theology close to my own. They would climb these trees—70 meters, you know—sit out on a branch, smoke a cigarette, speak to the gibbons, and possibly urinate on you if you were sitting close by on the ground.” A couple of TIM LAMAN/GETTY IMAGES these Dayak colleagues were in the audience when Ashton accepted gests that forest managers can’t do much to encourage one species his Japan Prize at a ceremony in Tokyo (see page 37). “They were to- over another. But Ashton began to realize that the forests he tally marvelous, with tattoos down their necks, and I was in a wing tramped through were not just a random mix. As he moved onto dif- collar.” He saluted these early masters in his acceptance speech. ferent soils—sandstone or shale—more than half the species changed. He noticed that each hill possessed a distinct species as- Ashton made a major discovery in Brunei. Although no rig- semblage, repeated on other hills with similar soil nutrients and orous research into the matter had been done, the then current wis- drainage. “I got permission from the forest service to put in some dom of John Corner and other leading tropical botanists held that small study plots and analyze them by methods current at that the extraordinary coexistence of so many tree species in a tropical time,” says Ashton. “I was accepted eventually as a graduate student forest is the result of a random distribution process—that the mix and went back to Cambridge and clunked away with a hand calcu- of species changes with each new generation of trees as the image in lator on my data. I showed quantitatively that indeed there was a re- a kaleidoscope changes with a twist of the barrel, and that the rea- lationship between habitat and the species composition of forests, son a few dominant species don’t take over the forest and drive di- and that was hugely important.” versity out is that the seeds of forest-tree species are not widely dis- He moved his attention to Sarawak, next door to Brunei, and con- persed, but fall close to their parents. The random-mix theory ducted similar studies in a much bigger area, about the size of New implies that the species are ecologically complementary, which has England. “I was doing a lot of ﬁeld work, but I was married by then implications for speciation and evolution, says Ashton. It also sug- and had small children and education priorities and so forth, and so

Harvard Magazine 35 “I began to realize to my great disappointment that my only choice might be to go into academia, kicking and screaming…”

in botany within the ancient stone walls of the University of Aberdeen in Scotland. During the following 12 years there, he trained many Asian students who would inherit stewardship of their countries’ forest resources —in India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In 1978, he came over to New England with his wife, Mary, and their three children to take on the posts of director of the Arnold Arboretum and Arnold professor of botany. The arboretum, established in 1872, is an oasis of 265 acres in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston, landscaped by Fred- Peter Ashton erick Law Olm- at the Arnold sted in collab- Arboretum, on his way home oration with its after picking up first director, his Japan Prize Charles Sprague in Tokyo Sargent. It has a mission to be schizophrenic. First, it was founded to grow every tree and shrub, indigenous or exotic, that can be grown in the open air in hard-climate Boston. Such a living museum collection was for many years considered by botanists to have great research value. Second, through a creative I started looking for other jobs. I began to realize to my great disap- leasing arrangement, the arboretum became part of Boston’s park pointment that my only choice might be to go into academia, kick- system, although Harvard remains in control of the collection. ing and screaming—into the ivory tower as opposed to the green The park is open to the public, free of charge, from dawn to dusk forest, to lose the smell of resin in the air, other than from the wax- every day of the year; the public has always loved it. ing of the floor. And that’s how it worked.” When Ashton came, the arboretum was in the grip of financial Ashton truly loves the tropics. He gave an interview to U.S. public hard times. Among the vigorous remedial initiatives he launched radio after he won his Japan Prize and was asked to recall his fa- was a spot of truck farming: a scheme to grow squash, melons, vorite moment in the forest. “Just to go along those ridges at about corn, and raspberries for profit on the Case Estates, Harvard land 3,000 feet in Borneo day after day, with a basket with your food on in nearby, prosperous Weston. “Endowment income goes down your back,” he replied, “and to listen to the water cascading down in with inflation,” he told this magazine at the time, “but the price those valleys, to look at the clouds accumulating on the ridges, of raspberries goes up.” He told the dean of the Faculty of Arts knowing that it’s going to pelt with rain by midday and that you’ll and Sciences that he looked forward to creating a Raspberry strip o≠ everything but your sneakers and your underwear, put all Professorship at Harvard. Alas, he recalls, “The raspberries were your clothes in a plastic bag, and walk on with that streaming rain a failure.” all over your body until it stops an hour or two later, then put your He had another problem more di∞cult to quantify than the clothes back on again and think, ‘Wow, this is the tropics, and state of the exchequer. In essence, it was that the arboretum’s there’s no better place in the world.’” collection, unquestionably a horticultural treasure, was no longer so greatly valued by the botanists of the day, in part be- Ashton gave up capsizes in the rapids, pit-viper encounters, cause if they wanted to study dawn redwoods, they wanted to go and camps pulverized by storms to take a steady job as a lecturer where dawn redwoods grow wild, to see them as part of a forest

36 September - October 2007 Photograph by Mary Knox Merrill/ The Christian Science Monitor/Getty Images ecosystem. While the public ardently continued to stroll the arboretum’s leafy lanes and came in droves on Lilac Sunday, many academics had turned their backs. In her history of the arbore- Harmonious Coexister Honored tum, Science in the Pleasure Ground, Ida Hay remarks that in each time of marked change in the institution’s a≠airs (there have Peter shaw ashton, Bullard professor of forestry emeri- been several), “the fear was voiced that the arboretum would be- tus, went to Tokyo in April to collect his Japan Prize in the come ‘a mere park,’ that science would desert the pleasure presence of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress of ground….” Ashton talked up the place to Harvard scholars in Japan and about a thousand others at a grand event. The other biological departments. And he brought new interest to honor came with a certificate of merit, a commemorative the arboretum’s tradition of doing research in Asia. medal, and 50 million yen (about $415,000). The Science and Technology Foundation of Japan, a pri- Into the tropical forest, there came in the early 1980s a vately funded organization, awarded the prize last January in challenger. “I am a dirt forest botanist,” says Ashton, “look at my the category of “Science and Technology of Harmonious Co- fingernails.” (They look respectable.) “At the University of Iowa, Existence.” Ashton “highly deserves” it, said fellow botanist later at Princeton, was a theoretician, Stephen Hubbell, who Kunio Iwatsuki, chairman of the panel that chose him, “for his mathematically demonstrated the plausibility of sustaining 1,000 long-term contribution to solving the conflict between hu- tree species in mixture over time because of constraints in how manity and tropical forests through his tremendous research far their seeds will disperse. He got his data from a really big plot activities.” He “brought us enormous biological and ecological for this sort of demographic work, on Barro Colorado Island in knowledge, indispensable for establishing the technology of Panama, a research island of the Smithsonian Tropical Research the conservation and restoration of tropical forests.” Institute. Steve came out with a conviction opposite to mine. He Of Ashton’s work with the Center for Tropical Forest said that in fact the old boys were right, a tropical forest is a ran- Studies (CTFS), which he cofounded, the scientists of the dom mix. There was a meeting in Leeds, England, on tropical foundation wrote in an appreciation, “To undertake such a ecology. He gave a lecture; I was scandalized and invited him out major research project requires passion, dedication, and to a pub for a few pints. We fought it out. We were both really leadership—qualities that Dr. Ashton possesses in abun- right. He had studied a rather uniform piece of terrain, whereas I dance. Since the late 1980s, he has worked tirelessly convinc- had looked at a heterogeneous one. If I had chosen one habitat ing the world of the need for an e≠ective survey [of tropical within my Brunei landscape, I would have come to the same con- forests], collecting funds to finance the survey, getting the clusion as he. In the pub, we decided that we needed much more survey up and running, nurturing young researchers, and de- data. That was the good part. We resolved to go to the National voting himself fully to the project.” Science Foundation and try to get some money to establish a On his way back home to England after the celebration in plot in the Far East that was a replica in size of his plot in Japan, Ashton stopped at the Arnold Arboretum for a gala Panama. I negotiated with the Forest Research Institute of thrown by his colleagues there. They took the occasion to Malaysia. I have always tried to keep an umbilical cord of collab- announce that they will raise a major endowment fund “to oration, as an equal, with former Asian graduate students of permanently secure the future of the arboretum’s cutting- mine—I correspond with them, write papers with them—to fos- edge Asian Tropical Forest research program.” Specifically, ter science in these areas vital for the conservation of the world’s the Mary and Peter Ashton Fund for Asian Tropical resources. It was a relatively easy thing to say, ‘We’ve got this Forests—launched by a gift from the Ashtons—will support new idea. If I help raise funding, would you provide in-kind sup- research training in Asian forest biology at the sites of the port—people, space, so forth? Would you be interested?’ They CTFS Asia network for in-country students and students agreed enthusiastically.” from Harvard, Yale, Kyoto, Osaka City, and Aberdeen Uni- In 1984 Ashton and the Malaysians marked out a big study plot versities. (Of the Ashton children—Mark, Mellard, and (50 hectares, about 124 acres) in the forest at Pasoh. His aim was to Rachel—Mark is professor of silviculture and forest ecology inventory all the trees in this plot that were as thick at breast at Yale, a chip o≠ the old block.) height as his thumb, or thicker—to measure, identify as to species, “I was so happy that it wasn’t just humanity and nature and tag them; to map the area and to repeat the inventory every the Science and Technology Foundation spoke of,” the old five years to see how the trees fared—which had died, which had block told this interviewer, “but it was myself as an individ- prospered; and consider the lessons all this would teach. ual and my Asian colleagues who were harmoniously coex- One plot led to another. In 1990 Ashton and Hubbell co- isting. The last sentence of the foundation’s statement was founded the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) of the very touching to me: ‘He has gained a glowing reputation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Today, CTFS manages among fellow Japanese researchers as “the most trustworthy 2o so-called Forest Dynamics Plots in 15 countries across the of all fellow scientists….”’” tropics in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They hold a whopping The leadership for which the Japanese honored Ashton was four million catalogued trees of 6,000 species. Ashton coordi- in two things: developing the network of forest plots through nates work at the 11 Asian plots. collaboration with his colleagues in the tropics, and encourag- Although tropical forests account for just 12 percent of the ing the open sharing of data among researchers. In his short, earth’s total land area, they may be home to more than 50 percent sweet speech accepting his prize, Ashton made clear, “What of all forms of terrestrial life. Each research plot is a living library successes I have had have always been as part of a team….” of plants and animals, like a Library of Congress where most of

Harvard Magazine 37 the books have yet to be opened. Each elucidates the wondrous of the nations of tropical Asia. He says it will be profusely illus- biological diversity of tropical forests, so variously populated trated with evocative color photographs that will portray his rain that one imagines that the forces of natural selection and sur- forests better than his words can do. He spends each fall semester vival of the fittest have been revoked. Together, the plots form at the Harvard University Herbaria in Cambridge, studying tropi- the only natural-ecosystem global network of any kind in exis- cal forests with the aid of its vast library and more than five mil- tence and promise to yield beneficial insights into some of the lion specimens. The rest of the time, when he isn’t in the tropics, world’s big problems. he lives in England. “Not for nationalistic reasons, I promise you that,” he says. “I’m strongly antinationalistic. I live there for two Ashton moved on from the arboretum’s directorship in 1987. He reasons. In England, you can go up on a hill and look down and see was professor of dendrology until 1991, when he became Bullard the palimpsest of human activity going back to the Neolithic. I live professor of forestry. He took emeritus status in 2004 but has yet in the old traction-engine shed of a farm in Somerset that is in the to grasp the concept of retirement. Among his current undertak- Domesday Book.” When he’s working on tropical forestry at the ings, he is writing a book about rain forests for the nonspecialist, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, he lives in London, in Chiswick, based on a lifetime’s learning about them close up in all but three where he has a small garden “with a wild banana growing and a

the other at Pasoh, Malaysia. Commenting on his and his col- Sinking Carbon-Sink Hopes? leagues’ findings, Feeley says that “slower tree growth in tropical rain forests will have very important implications for both The world was supposed to work this way: global warm- the global environment and economy.” ing would cause a burst of growth in tropical forests, and the Global biodiversity may be diminished. All the animals that trees would take up some carbon dioxide (CO2) from the at- live in tropical forests “depend on plant productivity as a mosphere and sequester it in plant tissue. Recent studies of source of energy,” says Feeley. “Decreased growth will reduce conditions in Amazon forests did indeed show accelerated the amount of energy available, which could reduce the number growth rates. But data from two forests in the Center for Tropi- of animal species that these ecosystems can support.” cal Forest Science (CTFS) network reveal that just the oppo- Slower growth may reduce timber available for logging, and site has happened; the growth rates of the majority of tree logged forests may take longer to recover. “In order for loggers species have slowed dramatically in the past 25 years, suggesting to maintain current yields,” says Feeley, “they will have to in- we had better not count on this “carbon sink” to suck away our crease either the intensity of the logging or increase the area of global-warming problems. forest that they log.” Kenneth J. Feeley, an ecologist and postdoctoral fellow at the Feeley imagines an unfortunate environmental spiral: “Re- Arnold Arboretum, is the lead author of a paper published last ductions in tree growth may result in reduced rates of carbon spring in Ecology Letters that reports on a study of data from the uptake from the atmosphere, which, coupled with the extra first two Forest Dynamics Plots established by CTFS, on oppo- emissions of CO2 from associated increases in logging and de- site sides of the planet—one at Barro Colorado Island, Panama, forestation, could accelerate the increase of atmospheric CO2 and global warming, causing even further reductions in tree growth, and so on and so on.” Another Harvard scholar who may find surprises in CTFS data is Paul R. Moorcroft, professor of biology and a maker of terrestrial biosphere models. Such models indicate that human-induced increases in surface temperatures and rising levels of atmospheric At the Arnold CO2 during the coming century will Arboretum, cause profound changes in tropical Kenneth Feeley studied worri- forests around the globe and, indeed, some data from says Moorcroft, “will cause a collapse tropical forests of Amazonian tropical forests in the in Malaysia and Panama. middle of this century.” The biosphere models used to make such predictions contain detailed mechanistic representations of biological processes that govern the composition and functioning of ecosystems, but, says Moorcroft, their ability to represent such things accurately—to predict key empirical metrics such as the dynamics of tree growth, for instance, or the rates at which carbon and water are exchanged between the tropical forest canopies and the atmosphere—have, so far, remained largely untested. “The measurements collected by

38 September - October 2007 Photograph by Rose Lincoln/Harvard News O∞ce “We are beginning to compensate forest owners for their carbon sequestration, but remain free riders for their genetic information.”

tree fern, can you believe it, and that is largely because of energy ing how the diversity of trees is sustained—and with it the ark wastage in the great city.” The second reason he lives in Britain is of insects and micro-organisms that depend on the trees and because—as observed, he thinks, by expatriate American violinist that comprise the bulk of a forest’s biodiversity. When re- Yehudi Menuhin—it has such a soft climate. searchers get the whole story, they will be able to show, he says, that “each rain-forest tree species, notwithstanding their super- Much primeval tropical forest has been lost to logging, ficial similarity in many respects, possesses at least one attribute “so our e≠orts are now focused,” says Ashton, “on strengthening by which it competitively succeeds, proving fitter than the rest general theory in order to actively manage those remaining is- in a certain respect.” He wants to learn more about the interac- lands in which most of Asia’s biodiversity is becoming confined.” tions between tree species, and how the action is mediated by He and his colleagues have come far, he believes, in understand- pollinators, or seed dispersers, or seed predators. For instance, the forest can be seen in one aspect as an exquisitely regulated clock. Certain trees flower in a sequence with other trees, timing CTFS researchers during the past two decades,” he says, are critical to their mutual success because they share the same in- providing his lab “with a unique dataset for testing the abili- sect pollinator and avoid overwhelming it by flowering seriatim. ties of terrestrial biosphere models to correctly capture the Ashton also needs to know more about pathogens, which he pre- current composition, structure, and functioning of tropical dicts will be seen to play the lead role in sustaining the diversity forest ecosystems. We will be able to determine the accuracy of the forest: when any tree population gets too dense, a of current model formulations and thus know how seriously pathogen knocks it down, providing the single major means we have to take their predictions about the long-term future whereby other species can fill the vacant space created, thereby of tropical forests.” building diversity. Much terra incognita remains to be explored. What accounts In a talk he gave in Tokyo about what science can do to sustain for the slowing of growth that CTFS data revealed to Feeley biodiversity, Ashton did not leave the lectern until he had sug- and his colleagues? Even though increases in atmospheric CO2 gested what policymakers should do, and quickly. “Tropical rain provide fertilizer that can stimulate growth by aiding photo- forests have declined so rapidly because the value to their own- synthesis, they found that over the period of the study, the ers is as capital to liquidate, but [that value is] low in the number of rainy days had increased at both sites, meaning that medium term in comparison to tree crops—rubber, oil palm, in- less sunlight was available to fuel photosynthesis. Moreover, dustrial wood and fiber species. Their value is, rather, to us—to nighttime temperatures had increased at the sites, and higher o≠set our carbon emissions but, more particularly, for their ge- temperatures mean higher respiration rates. When trees have netic information….This genetic diversity is irreplaceable. It will less energy coming in and more going out, they have less for eventually prove vital to its owners, as it is for us now. We are growth, as appears to have happened in these two forests. beginning to compensate forest owners for their carbon seques- “Temperature and CO2 may operate in opposite directions tration but, so far, remain free riders for their genetic informa- on tree growth,” says Stuart Davies, Ph.D. ’96, a coauthor of tion, of which we in the industrialized world will be principal the paper. “That’s what we’re arguing, but we have to be hon- beneficiaries.” Ashton had in mind, for instance, that those di- est and say that we don’t know the answer yet.” verse trees have developed diverse chemical defenses, of poten- Davies is the director of CTFS. (Heretofore headquartered tial pharmaceutical and other value. “Unless we get used to the in Ancon, Panama, the center and Davies move this September idea that we have to pay some rental to protect that biodiver- to the Harvard University Herbaria in Cambridge. The Asian sity,” he says, “I’m not optimistic for the future.” operations of CTFS are overseen by the Arnold Arboretum.) A With the continuously assembling database from CTFS’s re- former graduate student of Bullard professor emeritus Peter search plots, “we’re now getting a capacity to monitor change at a Ashton, Davies is a tropical ecologist and taxonomist who has very precise level,” says Ashton. “This gives us the obligation to done fieldwork in the tropics and was associate professor at look at unidirectional change in the dynamics and distribution of the Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Conserva- biomass not just in these individual forests, but on a regional and tion, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. He has studied the factors global basis. Then we must look for possible causes—changes in that control the regeneration of tropical forests after logging the climate, atmospheric chemistry, the carbon level, and so forth. and agriculture and, in collaboration with Malaysian and U.S. Starting at the particular—the interacting species—and then ecologists and economists, he has worked to develop new working out to general questions of global change, is the rigorous techniques to assess and value biodiversity. way to proceed. There’s no one else doing anything like that, cer- “We don’t yet know,” he says, “whether or not this slowing tainly not on a global scale. So the Arnold Arboretum is bang in of growth is a global process, whether or not the Amazon the middle of one of the most important fields of research of our might operate di≠erently from other forests, how long present time, having in a way been just a pretty place to visit on a Sunday conditions will last. We don’t have enough information. But afternoon for many years. I’m very proud of that. That’s what I the beauty of having 20 CTFS research plots is that they will wanted to do originally. It’s taken me 30 years.” give us unparalleled power to learn more.” Christopher Reed is executive editor of this magazine.

Harvard Magazine 39 Revealing “the calculation Writing that underlies the as appearance of effortlessness” Performance

by STEPHEN GREENBLATT

illustrations by JOSEPH CIARDIELLO

he first and perhaps the most calculation that underlies the appearance of e≠ortlessness. important requirement for a So let me begin by reading you something I wrote last sum- successful writing perfor- mer, something that, as it happened, turned out also to be self- mance—and writing is a per- centered. It is short piece for a volume being put together in formance, like singing an aria or honor of a friend of mine. Such volumes are called Festschriften— dancing a jig—is to understand the nature of the literally, celebration-writings—and the German name, used occasion. This particular occasion, the Gordon even in English, somehow suggests their nature: these are hon- Gray Lecture, is unusually gratifying, since I am orific books that are almost never read, even by the person who called on to talk about something I care passion- is being honored. As the summer waned, the last thing I wanted ately about—writing—and, indeed, about that as- was to stop working, even for a day, on the book on which I am pect of the subject to which I have given the most currently engaged, a study of the loss and miraculous recovery sustained practical attention: my own writing. of the manuscript of Lucretius’s great philosophical poem, On the Under most other circumstances, so self-cen- Nature of Things. But the person being honored by the Festschrift, a tered a focus would seem fatuous, and I Stanford professor of comparative literature named Sepp Gum- would fear to cut what Italians call a brecht, is an old friend of mine, and I could not refuse. So I sat brutta figura. In the sixteenth century, a fa- down to write something about a recent mous behavior manual by Baldassare Cas- book by Gumbrecht on the aesthetics of Cogan University Profes- tiglione, The Book of the Courtier, counseled Editor’s note: sports, published by the Harvard Univer- Twhat it called sprezzatura, or “noncha- sor of the humanities Stephen Green- sity Press. lance.” The successful courtier must cun- blatt adapted this essay slightly from The book was controversial. It had been ningly hide all signs of practice, calcula- his Gordon Gray Lecture on the sharply attacked by the historian Hayden tion, and e≠ort, so as to make everything Craft of Scholarly Writing (spon- White and others who thought that, in fo- he or she does seem spontaneous and nat- cusing so sharply on the beauty of sports, ural. But the Gordon Gray Lecture is an sored by Harvard’s Expository Writ- Gumbrecht had almost entirely ignored the invitation to lift the curtain and reveal the ing Program), presented to students sociological dimension. The aesthetic ap- and colleagues last October. 40 September - October 2007 preciation of sports, White argued, is not innocent: it serves as an thetic dimension that Gumbrecht praises is ignored, it is di∞cult excuse, one among several, for a grotesque over-expenditure of even to understand these strategies or to grasp why they are at- money for team sports, and particularly male-dominated sports, tached to this set of human activities and not another. at many universities, universities that could be using this money A short Festschrift essay was hardly the occasion to grapple di- for financial aid, teaching, and research. More broadly, Gum- rectly with these arguments. I tried to think how I could amuse brecht's critics charged, the aestheticizing of sports conceals the myself and at the same time do something slightly unexpected actual motives that draw people to invest their time, money, and with the genre of the celebratory essay. I decided to write about passion in spectatorship. What is needed, instead is a disen- Gumbrecht’s book and its critics almost entirely indirectly, by chanted analysis of the kind that the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu describing an event in my life, an occasion whose nature I had had o≠ered for “the love of art,” a love that Bourdieu revealed to grossly misunderstood. be merely a piece of the cultural capital by which people attempt Here is what I wrote: to secure their class distinction. These critiques had, I felt, considerable force, but their weak- Sepp gumbrecht’s In Praise of Athletic Beauty (2006) came along ness was their inability to register the aesthetic dimension—of about fifty years too late for it to have had the practical e≠ect on sports or of art—as anything but a screen, an ideological cover my life that it might have had: namely, to have gotten me into for something else. My overarching strategy, I decided, would be Harvard. My parents passionately wanted me to go there: the fairly simple: I would at least obliquely rehearse the theoretical children of poor immigrants, they regarded Harvard with some- objections to Gumbrecht’s book, objections centered on rival so- thing like awe. As for me, growing up in the vicinity of Cam- ciological and psychological accounts of sports, and then I would bridge, Massachusetts, I imbibed with everyone else the convic- assert the validity, even within such a framework, of the aes- tion that it was an immensely desirable fate. thetic claim. I would not argue that this claim had priority, but I I was near the top of my large graduating class in high school, would refuse to let it disappear altogether into functionalism. quite good at standardized tests, and frenetically busy in activi- Yes, being a sports fan is not pure aesthetic appreciation: it is ties like the literary magazine, the drama club, and the newspa- deeply enmeshed, as Bourdieu and others could easily show, in per, so I at least stood a chance to be admitted, but no one in my social, psychic, economic, and political strategies. But, if the aes- world had a clue how the whole admissions business worked.

Harvard Magazine 41 “Well, what My older brother Marty was commuting to no idea where in his immediate life-world Brandeis, but he wasn’t happy there and my father’s advice was coming from. He had no advice to give me. Neither of my should I talk himself was no athlete, and had never parents had gone to college, nor (with a been one, though I remember that he single exception) had my many aunts and about, Dad?” I would occasionally throw a ball in the uncles, so there was virtually no family backyard to my brother and me and com- lore, and though my high school had a few plain that my brother threw “like a girl.” guidance counselors, they did little more asked, preparing In Maine, he generally stayed out of the than urge the students to apply to a “safety water, even when it was steamy, or at most school” or two. for my Harvard only waded in up to his waist, since he There was certainly nothing equivalent had not learned to swim. He certainly to the professionals that some parents now interview. never skied, or picked up a tennis racket, hire to “package” their children for college or played golf. And though he was a vigor- applications, a practice that recently made ous walker, I never once saw him actually the news in a charge of plagiarism brought “You have to talk exercise. And, as for me, though I had against a gifted Harvard undergraduate learned to swim and to play tennis and who had published a popular “chick-lit” about sports,” my though I occasionally played softball at novel that bore a suspicious resemblance to the playground, I hardly had any athletic another novel in the same genre. The par- prowess to speak of, let alone to turn into ents of the undergraduate in question father said. an intriguing conversational gambit. turned out to have employed such a profes- Perhaps my father had read some- sional to help their daughter gain admis- where—in The Saturday Evening Post, it sion. The packager remarked casually, when she was interviewed, could have been, or the old Boston Herald—an article that claimed that the parents had not chosen the most expensive option—the that college interviewers wanted more than anything else to talk Platinum service costing something like $30,000—but had opted about sports. More likely, he was speaking out of his own sports for somewhat less elaborate assistance. mania, which was genuine and intense. He would watch sports I suppose, looking back at the 1950s, that there were such ser- on television for hours on end, any sports at all—baseball, foot- vices, after a fashion, but they were simply called prep schools, ball, basketball, and hockey, of course, but also boxing, can- whose students stood a much better chance to satisfy whatever dlepin bowling, even (if there were nothing else) tag-team it was that the admissions o∞cers were looking for. In any case, wrestling. Often while he watched these contests, he would lis- places like Exeter or Choate were far outside my parents’ ken or ten to another game on the radio, pressed to his ear. On Yom Kip- their wishes, not to mention my own. Since public education pur, which frequently happened to fall during the World Series, was free (and in my town quite good), they would have regarded we were not allowed in our house to turn on lights, switch on or the cost of private school as what they obsessively called, in Yid- o≠ appliances, or do anything else that constituted “work,” ac- dish, “aroysgevorfene gelt,” that is, money thrown away. And, cording to the rabbinical interpretation my synagogue followed, after all, students were regularly admitted to Harvard from my so my father would leave the television on at sundown, before high school, so my parents were not wrong. the beginning of the holiday, in order to be able to look at the Since I was applying to Harvard from the Boston area, I was ex- game on the following afternoon, when we walked home for a pected to have an interview, and my parents grew increasingly few hours between the Musaf and Ne’ila services. apprehensive. “Stevie, put down that book. You’ll ruin your eyes,” This sports obsession had, as I’ve said, no roots in any personal they would constantly nag at me. Usually, their urgings were an skills of my father’s, but it did have deep roots in his identity. It invitation to watch television with them on the little black-and- was, as I early on understood, bound up with a kind of cultural white set of which they were so proud. But as the date for the in- insecurity. On the one hand, though he was born in Boston, he terview approached, their words were more often the earnest deﬁned his entire existence through the lenses of his Jewishness, prelude to what they conceived of as a strategy session. The inter- secretly distrusted most Christians, and adored speaking Yid- viewer doesn’t want to see an “egghead,” my father would say, dish as the language of privacy, intimacy, and fun, and, on the looking askance at whatever it was I was reading—Everyman or other hand, he was eager to be thought, as he constantly put it, Anna Karenina or Camus’s The Stranger; “he wants to see a regular “100 percent American.” Being a sports fan—not only a public, fella, someone who doesn’t always have his nose buried in books.” vocal role but also a genuine passion in the privacy of his home, “Well, what should I talk about, Dad?” I asked. It wasn’t as if I had when his guard was down—was for my father a way to feel truly had an inﬁnitely thrilling set of experiences on which to draw: I American, as if some mocking voice were always calling his had been taken to Miami Beach once, over Christmas vacation; Americanness in doubt. And not only truly American but also had visited New York a few times, where I had seen the Rockettes truly a man: that is, I presume, why none of the women in my ex- and eaten at the Automat; spent most of my summers with my tended family took more than a polite interest in those games aunts and uncles and cousins at the beach in Maine. that occupied so many hours of my father’s time and that of my “You have to talk about sports,” my father said. “Whatever you uncles and others in his circle. They were all only one generation are asked, wherever the conversation seems to be going, bring it removed from the shtetl and from those men with the long curled back to sports. That’s what the interviewer is looking for.” I have earlocks and kaftans who represented in the conspicuously nar-

42 September - October 2007 row view of mid-twentieth century America the opposite of with pinpoint accuracy; the fundamental structure of the heart everything manly. and lungs makes it almost impossible to pedal a bicycle at high But I—I who would never have uttered the sentence “I am 100 speed over the Alpe d’Huez. In baseball, the di∞culty is simply percent American,” because it would not have occurred to me that I hitting a small, hard ball hurled toward you, often with a wicked wasn’t; I who had been strongly dissuaded by my parents from spin, at speeds close to 100 miles an hour. To decide, between the learning Yiddish; I who was ba±ed by my parents’ preoccupation moment the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand and the moment it ar- with who on television or in the movies was Jewish and who was- rives over the plate, when to swing and when to hold o≠, and n’t—had no comparable identity-stake in being a sports fanatic. then, if you decide to go for it, to time the swing perfectly is, And though I certainly worried about my masculinity—I can still again, almost impossible. A major-league player who can hit a ball recall my intense junior-high-school embarrassment when I was successfully one in four times, or a bit more, is handsomely and teased for holding my books “like a girl”—it did not, for some rea- deservedly well-paid; a player who can steadily do it one in three son, occur to me that the solution lay in watching the games on times is a star. In 1957 Williams’s batting average was .388; his television. Or rather, I doubted that memorizing the batting aver- slugging percentage (a measure of his power, calculated by divid- age of every Red Sox player for the last hundred years would coming his total number of bases by his at bats) was .731, and his on- pensate for the fact that I had di∞culty hitting the ball out of the base percentage was .528. To a baseball fan, these statistics, along infield. with his 38 home runs that season (including homers in four con- Still, I was in fact a baseball fan, an enthusiasm no doubt in- secutive at bats) and a streak of reaching base 16 straight times, herited from my father, confirmed by my friends, and cemented are phenomenal. in the summer of 1957, when I was fourteen, by a piece of great I was completely under the spell of the magic. Sitting near the good fortune: someone o≠ered my father a season ticket to Fen- on-deck circle, in my purloined place, I would repeatedly shout way Park, or at least for the mid-week day games there. I was his name, “Hi Ted,” hoping that he would look around and catch home that summer, I wasn’t working, and I was old enough to my adoring eye, but he never did. His concentration was lethal, take the MTA to the park by myself, without my mother, who his timing uncanny, his physical grace breathtaking. He would had a nervous disposition, being thereby driven to call the police. stand at the plate, not hunched over as hitters sometimes are, This was a time in which a preponderance of games was still but straight and poised; and then the perfect swing would un- played in the afternoon and in which Fenway Park had plenty of coil, and the ball would rocket o≠ his bat. He was like a god. unsold seats—something that hasn’t hap- This image of Ted Williams was the pened for years—so that several days a only thing that came to me, when I sat week I could quietly slip down from my with the Harvard interviewer, trying my perch in the grandstand to a box seat near I was in fact best to hijack every question and take it the field, close enough to hear the umpire back to sports. No matter what I was shouting “strike” or the first-base coach’s trying to describe asked, I contrived somehow—often with hoarse voice when he urged the runner to a subtlety and indirectness worthy of the take second base or to hold up. narrator’s elderly aunts in Remembrance of The 1957 Red Sox were not a great what was, to that Things Past—to conjure up the athletic ge- team—they finished third in the American nius of the Red Sox’s number 9. No doubt League, 16 games behind the first-place point in my the interviewer was increasingly per- Yankees—but they had a 16-game winner plexed and annoyed. in Tom Brewer, a fine new third baseman in And here, of course, is where Sepp Frank Malzone, a strong right fielder in life, my most Gumbrecht could have saved me. For I Jackie Jensen (a golden athlete hobbled as a was not only following my father’s injunc- professional baseball player by a crippling intense aesthetic tion and I was not simply displaying my fear of flying), and a capable, though men- sports ardor to hide the fact that I was a tally ill, center fielder in Jimmy Piersall. But experience. But I hopeless egghead: I was in fact trying to most of all they had my hero Ted Williams. describe what was, to that point in my Though he was nearing the end of his as- life, my most intense aesthetic experience. tonishing career—he turned 39 that sum- did not have the But I did not have the language for it; in- mer—and was thickening around the deed, I did not know that I had had an waist, Williams was and remains the great- language for it; aesthetic experience. If only I had had the est athlete I have ever seen. German word for composure, Gelassenheit, Most games are built around some condi- I could have conveyed about Ted Williams tion of great di∞culty, often enhanced by indeed, I did not what Gumbrecht calls the athlete’s “pecu- the rules—the prohibition against using liar quietness,” his “capacity of letting be.” your arms and the o≠-side rules make it al- know that I had If only I had had Gumbrecht’s account of a most impossible to score a goal in soccer; beautiful play as “an epiphany of form,” the fierce charge of menacing 300-pound “the sudden, surprising convergence of linebackers makes it almost impossible to had an aesthetic several athletes’ bodies in time and space”; concentrate enough to throw a football experience. if only I had had his observation that “at Harvard Magazine 43 decisive moments in a the largely forgotten baseball competition, the flux of players; the ri≠ of statistics; time seems to be sus- the flourish of Yiddish; the pended”; if only I had had Hebrew words for the after- his description of the way noon and evening Yom Kip- that rapt fans “immerse pur services, and so forth. themselves in the realm of 3. I need, however, to be presence”; if I only had sure that Gumbrecht’s theo- had at my command the retical terms seem reasonably words of the Olympic gold transparent and e≠ective— medalist Pablo Morales otherwise, the piece would that Gumbrecht richly an- become a satire on the very alyzes—“lost in focused person I am trying to honor. I intensity”—I could per- have had, therefore, to choose haps have persuaded the carefully and to break up impatient, skeptical inter- some rather heavy Germanic viewer that I was not sentences in order to elicit merely wasting his time. their nuggets of clarity. When I was put on the 4. Finally, while represent- waiting list at Harvard, I ing my own adolescent said to myself that it naiveté, I have to suggest was the interview lightly that I am now one that did me in. of the initiated; that is, After all, students I want to contrast the with much weaker past with the pre- records than mine sent. But I do not were accepted. want to sound self- Years later—when satisfied. That’s I had already the purpose of begun to teach the sentence in at Harvard—I which I comi- told the story cally invoke the to a friend elderly aunts in who worked Proust’s Remem- in the admis- brance of Things Past: the sions o∞ce. He allusion is (or hopes to laughed and urged me to read the spate of books that have re- be) at once sophisti- cently appeared documenting the anti-Semitic admissions poli- cated and self-mocking. Moreover, Proust serves as the very epit- cies that were in place at the time I applied. Did I by chance, he ome of the aestheticism that I want through my personal anecdote asked me, remember the last names of the students who were ad- at once to a∞rm and to analyze as a social strategy. mitted? I got the point. Still, Yale, where I went (happily, as it turned out) to college, was certainly at that era as anti-Semitic as I do not by any means hijack everything that I write into the Harvard, if not more so; the di≠erence was that I did not have to service of personal memoir. In fact, I used to begin many of my go to New Haven for an interview and therefore did not try to essays with an historical fact, often attached to a date: convey to anyone my aesthetic admiration for Ted Williams. In 1531 a lawyer named James Bainham, son of a Glouces- tershire knight, was accused of heresy, arrested, and taken I will not belabor this essay, which is very slight, but I will from the Middle Temple to Lord Chancellor More’s house quickly note several small rhetorical features. in Chelsea, where he was detained while More tried to 1. If the piece is to work at all, and of course I am not sure that persuade him to abjure his Protestant beliefs.… it does, I need to separate the language of Gumbrecht’s analysis * * * from the personal anecdote. The analysis has to enter—like a deus In his notorious police report of 1593 on Christopher ex machina—to provide (but only too late) the conceptual frame- Marlowe, the Elizabethan spy Richard Baines informed his work that I sorely lacked back in my interview. superiors that Marlowe had declared, among other mon- 2. This means that I need to keep my own anecdote simple, hu- strous opinions, that ‘Moses was but a Juggler, and that one morous, and above all localized and concrete, in order to high- Heriots being Sir W. Raleighs man Can do more than he.’… light the contrast with the largely abstract, theoretical terms * * * that Gumbrecht employs. I use various devices to situate my Between the spring of 1585 and the summer of 1586, own account and to give it the air of authenticity: the names of a group of English Catholic priests led by the Jesuit William

44 September - October 2007 Weston, alias Father Edmunds, conducted a series of spectac- beth is a great play about someone whose immense ambition ular exorcisms, principally in the house of a recusant gentle- has an ethically inadequate object.” man, Sir George Peckham, of Denham, Buckinghamshire.… I was astonished by the aptness, as well as the quick- Or—one more— ness, of this comment, so perceptively in touch with Mac- In September 1580, as he passed through a small French beth’s anguished brooding about the impulses that are dri- town on his way to Switzerland and Italy, Montaigne was ving him to seize power by murdering Scotland’s told an unusual story that he duly recorded in his travel legitimate ruler. When I recovered my equilibrium, I asked journal. the president if he still remembered the lines he had mem- The advantage of these beginnings—which became a bit too orized years before. Of course, he replied, and then, with familiar in my writing, so I had to stop—is precisely that they the rest of the guests still patiently waiting to shake his take you away from the self, the self of the writer as well as the hand, he began to recite one of Macbeth’s great soliloquies: reader. You do not have to write the dreary sentences that say “In If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well this essay I intended to explore the theme of transvestism in It were done quickly. If th’ assassination William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. My goal will be…blah, blah, Could trammel up the consequence, and catch blah.” Instead you plunge the reader into a story that has already With his surcease success: that but this blow begun, and you create—or at least try to create—the desire to Might be the be-all and the end-all, here, know more. Did Thomas More persuade the heretic to abjure? But here upon this bank and shoal of time, Why did Marlowe call Moses a “juggler”? Exorcisms in Bucking- We’d jump the life to come. But in these cases hamshire? And what exactly was the story that Montaigne was We still have judgement here, that we but teach told? (It was the story of Martin Guerre.) Bloody instructions which, being taught, return But I am certainly not afraid of the personal voice and not To plague the inventor. averse to personal anecdotes, provided that they are good and There the most powerful man in the world—as we are that I can make good on them in constructing a piece of literary fond of calling our leader—broke o≠ with a laugh, leaving analysis. Here, for example, is how I begin a recent essay on the me to conjure up the rest of the speech that ends with ethics of authority in Shakespeare. You will see that I combine Macbeth’s own ba±ement over the fact that his immense my old trick of the date with what seems like a casual story. Only ambition has “an ethically inadequate object”: then, once the story is told, do I write the kind of introductory I have no spur sentences that I just ridiculed: To prick the sides of my intent, but only In 1998, a friend of mine, Robert Pinsky, who at the time Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself was serving as the Poet Laureate of the United States, in- And falls on the other [side]. vited me to a poetry evening at the Clinton White House, I left the White House that evening with the thought one of a series of black-tie events orga- that Bill Clinton had missed his true nized to mark the coming millennium. vocation, which was, of course, to be On this occasion the president gave an an English professor, and therefore I amusing introductory speech in which But I am certainly feel drawn to put some pressure on he recalled that his first encounter with this brief but resonant exchange. poetry came in junior high school when not afraid of the Specifically, I want to consider his teacher made him memorize certain whether it is possible in Shakespeare passages from Macbeth. This was, Clin- to discover an “ethically adequate ob- ton remarked wryly, not the most aus- personal voice and ject” for human ambition and for the picious beginning for a life in politics. actions that one might take in the After the speeches, I joined the line not averse to per- service of this ambition. waiting to shake the president’s hand. In the course of the essay I can keep When my turn came, a strange impulse coming back to the concept of ethical ade- came over me that I cannot adequately sonal anecdotes, quacy, teasing out its implications for in- explain and certainly cannot justify. terpretation of Macbeth or King Lear, draw- This was a moment when rumors of the provided that they ing upon the energy that the initial Lewinsky a≠air were circulating, but anecdote generates. Could I make my cru- before the whole thing had blown up are good and that cial points without the anecdote? Yes—all into the grotesque national circus that it the more so because, if I am right, in soon became. “Mr. President,” I said, Shakespeare there is no position outside sticking out my hand, “Don’t you think I can make good the world or outside history from which that Macbeth is a great play about an im- his characters can authenticate their ac- mensely ambitious man who feels com- on them in tions or secure an ethically adequate ob- pelled to do things that he knows are ject for their ambitions. The president’s politically and morally disastrous?” comment, fascinating as it is, does not Clinton looked at me for a moment, still constructing a in fact work as an overarching interpre- holding my hand, and said, “I think tive insight for Shakespeare; it belongs Mac- literary analysis. Harvard Magazine 45 instead to a much later world, the world of Immanuel Kant or means bringing to the table all of your alertness, your fears, and John Rawls, not the world of Machiavelli and Montaigne. your desires. And every once in a while—say, every third paper— All the same, the anecdote served my purposes, and not only tell yourself that you will take a risk. as a device to make the reader sit up and take notice. First, be- I am currently writing three lectures on Shakespeare for an cause some avenues that turn out in the end to be blocked serve, academic occasion in Germany. [The lectures were delivered in along the way, to provide fresh perspectives. And second, be- Frankfurt on November 27-29, 2006.] They are called the Adorno cause the invocation of Clinton enables me to tap into a sense Lectures—after the important twentieth-century philosopher that literary questions have a peculiarly intense relation to the Theodor Adorno—and are a source of some anxiety to me, for real world. This sense sets up the close of my essay, many pages German academic audiences tend to be extremely demanding, later, in which I consider whether the goal of saving the state it- and even scholarly lectures have an unnerving way of being re- self served for Shakespeare as an ethically adequate object for ported in detail in the national newspapers. Two of the three lec- human ambition. My answer, based on a close reading of a scene tures as I drafted them began very cautiously. Here is the open- in King Lear, is no. In the wake of Lear’s abdication, the Duke of ing of the first, a lecture on the status in Shakespeare of the Cornwall is the legitimate, formally sanctioned ruler of half the concept of aesthetic autonomy: kingdom, and we see him acting to save the state. Yet the play “Aesthetic autonomy,” that will-o’-the-wisp that haunt- stages and clearly justifies his assassination. The attack comes ed Theodor Adorno, was not a phrase that Shakespeare, suddenly and without warning when he is going about the busi- who had a passion for rare expressions, could possibly have ness of statecraft: specifically, he is attempting, by any means encountered. If the Oxford English Dictionary is to be believed, necessary, to extract from the Earl of Gloucester certain informa- “aesthetic”—which, as the term for a science or philosophy tion vital for national security, information about a French army of taste, first emerged with Baumgarten’s Aesthetica in the set upon invasion of the realm. mid-eighteenth century—did not appear in English until This is not the occasion to rehearse my argument. My point is the nineteenth century, and then only with many reserva- that the opening anecdote, though it may at first seem merely tions. “There has lately grown into use in the arts,” wrote decorative or entertaining, serves to situate and greatly to inten- the English architect Joseph Gwilt in 1842, “a silly pedantic sify the phrases “by any means necessary” and “information vital term under the name of Æsthetics.” It is, Gwilt added, “one for national security.” It enables me to stay entirely within the of the metaphysical and useless additions to nomenclature text of King Lear, patiently explicating its horrific representation in the arts in which the German writers abound.” of torture, and at the same time, without any explicit reference, I thought it would serve my purposes to start by introducing a to evoke that text’s uncanny relevance to the current national central concept and marking out with gentle irony some distance and world crisis. between my subject, Shakespeare, and Adorno, so that the listener would not expect an easy fit. (I also want to point out to I want to close this talk with a few reflections on the issue you the fantastic usefulness, in writing virtually anything, of the of contemporary relevance. I do not at all think that everything Oxford English Dictionary, which as a Harvard student you can con- one writes should have an immediate bearing on the present. On sult on line. This is an historical dictionary which tracks the the contrary, one of the crucial achievements in a liberal educa- evolving meanings of words and provides key examples of the tion is the understanding of worlds far removed from our own. first known written use of each of these meanings. You can in That understanding is never complete, any e≠ect watch the moment when every more than one can escape entirely from word, and hence every concept, in our lan- one’s own body or one’s own culture. But guage emerged into the light of public dis- the ability to suspend the craving for im- I am suggesting course, and you can ask yourself why then, mediate relevance and to project oneself at and not a hundred years earlier or later.) least part way into di≠erence and other- only that you My second Adorno lecture, on the sta- ness is an invaluable resource. But that pro- tus in Shakespeare of normative Renais- jection depends not upon neutrality or should try to write sance concepts of beauty, also begins cau- indi≠erence but rather upon carrying one’s tiously: passionate energies into an alien world. Beauty, the great Florentine archi- That is, you should write about the other well—and that tect Leon Battista Alberti writes in as if your life depended on it. My indirect an influential passage of the Art of invocation of the current crisis— means bringing to Building, “is that reasoned harmony of specifically, of the debate about the legiti- all the parts within a body, so that macy of torture—is intended at least as nothing may be added, taken away, or much to illuminate King Lear as it is in- the table all of altered, but for the worse.” The cun- tended to bring Shakespeare’s wisdom to ning of this definition is its program- bear on our own dilemmas. your alertness, matic refusal of specificity. It is not I am not suggesting that you keep the this or that particular feature that television news on constantly when you are makes something beautiful; rather it writing your papers. I am suggesting only your fears, and is an interrelation of all the parts in a that you should try to write well—and that your desires. whole. The key qualities are harmony, 46 September - October 2007 inherence, econ- the dominant be- omy, and complete- liefs, and control ness. There is noth- the dominant in- ing superfluous and stitutions—the nothing wanting. hostile measures As in Alberti’s fa- to which their ha- çade for S. Maria tred of us drives Novella in Florence, them will almost which dates from invariably be the 1450s, the plea- sly and covert. sure derives from When they see the sense of sym- us, they bow ob- metry, balance, and sequiously, as if the elegant ratio of they were court- the constitutive ele- ing our friend- ments. ship, but the pre- Once again I want to get tense is almost a clear, memorable defi- comically un- nition of terms out in convincing. front, so my audience I go on in this vein will know what I am for several long, un- talking about and fol- nerving pages. Only low me while I gradu- after I have fully ally reveal Shakespeare’s mimed a voice of profound departure from fear and hatred, an aesthetic ideal he o∞cially do I turn in the endorses. I move from Alberti’s ab- direction that some stract definition of beauty to a spe- of you may have cific instance of what, as an architect, anticipated. For, he created, so that I can draw upon my as you may have astonishment, many years ago, when I noticed, I have al- stepped for the first time out of the train station in Florence and ready begun to conjure up the situation of saw before me the marble façade of Santa Maria Novella. Ten Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice. I have tried to do so in a way minutes in the Widener library took me to a translation of Al- that enables me to suggest the play’s uneasy contemporary berti’s tract on architecture and 15 minutes more turned up the relevance, a sense at once fascinating and disagreeable that it quotation that I needed. And because Alberti’s vision of beauty is playing with fire. All my life I thought of the combustible had actually reached me, I knew it was not merely a straw man material as anti-Semitism—or, to put the matter more care- that I would have Shakespeare easily overturn, but a magnificent fully, Christianity’s Jewish problem. But the queasiness of and coherent achievement in itself. I could use it, in short, to get Western cities no longer centers on the synagogue. It takes at something weird and uncanny about Shakespeare’s alternative only a small substitution for the word “synagogue” to tap into vision, one that led to the dark lady, to Cleopatra “wrinkled deep current fears: “Go, Tubal, and meet me at our mosque. Go, in time,” and to the wild structure of plays like Hamlet and The good Tubal; at our mosque, Tubal.” Winter’s Tale. To learn how my argument comes out, I’m afraid you will Still, as you have seen, there is something defensive about both have to read the lectures when they are published (and to do so, of these opening gambits: you do not step onto the lecture plat- since they will be published in translation, you will have to form in Frankfurt with your shirt sticking out of your pants. But learn German). But I hope I have done enough to suggest that on the principle I have already articulated, I am going to try in you approach your writing not only as if it were a performance my third lecture, on the topic of negation in Shakespeare, to take but also as if it constituted, for the moment, an ethically ade- a risk. This is how I propose to begin: quate object for your deepest ambition. It does not finally con- Here is the situation. We have, living in our midst, an stitute such an object—a few, though mercifully not many, of alien population who hate us, as the saying goes, with a the best writers in the world have been moral monsters—but it vengeance. To hate us with a vengeance means that, despite is a promising start. the fact that we tolerate their presence here and allow them the benefits of our civic order, these aliens feel that Cogan University Professor of the humanities Stephen Greenblatt is they have been injured by us, and this feeling of injury the author of Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shake- justifies any hostile measures that they might choose to speare (see “The Mysterious Mr. Shakespeare,” September-October 2004, take. Since we are fully at home here and are stronger than page 56), and the general editor of the Norton Anthology of English they are—we embody the dominant values, embrace Literature.

Harvard Magazine 47 VITA Gordon McKay Brief life of an inventor with a lasting Harvard legacy: 1821-1903 by harry r. lewis

ne day in 1858, Gordon McKay paid cobbler Lyman Blake in a messy divorce. To counter an allegedly libelous pamphlet, he $70,000, mostly in promises, for the patent on a machine published his own 30-page account of his wife’s desertion, his pay- Blake had devised to stitch the uppers of shoes to the ments and gifts to her, and her mother’s meddling. Osoles. Shortly afterwards, a group holding a prior option appeared Later he married Minnie Treat, reportedly his housekeeper’s with $50,000 cash and contested the sale. The matter was liti- daughter. She was 21; he 57. A week before the wedding, he told a gated for years before being settled in McKay’s favor. cousin that Minnie was “the prettiest and sweetest young lady McKay’s name today graces 40 Harvard professorships, numer- the world has produced.” They moved to Florence, bought a pal- ous fellowships, and a building. He made a fortune in shoe machin- ace, and lived the high life. Minnie bore two sons, in 1886 and 1887. ery and gave it all (now grown to half a billion dollars) to support Three years later the marriage was over. McKay was publicly applied sciences at the University. His inventiveness, shrewdness, gracious, but his 1887 will was blunt. After providing for his wife, cultural ambitions, and complex love life all helped shape the foun- he gave each boy $500 per year until age 21, sti±y referring to dations of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. them as “her two children.” A draft has more detail than McKay’s McKay was born in Pittsfield, in western Massachusetts. He lawyer apparently thought appropriate: they “are not my chil- was a fine violinist as a boy, and his taste for high culture stayed dren—but are the result of the infidelity of my wife with Arturo with him for life, but he was trained as an engineer. He worked on Fabricotti of Florence, Italy.” He had had “no sexual intercourse” a railroad and on the Erie Canal before acquiring a machine shop. with his wife for some time, and had “incontestable proof” of Fab- His first patented invention perfected Blake’s stitching machine. ricotti’s paternity. Minnie, in turn, alleged that her health had Ingenuity is good, but nothing beats good timing. When the been injured by the strain of frequent posing so McKay could ad- Civil War began, the government suddenly needed lots of cheap, mire her beauty. She charged him with adultery and divorced him. sturdy boots. In 1862, McKay filled an army order for 25,000 pairs. McKay’s will provided for Minnie, the boys, and 13 others—all Yet he realized the real money lay in shoe machinery. From 1862 women. Cousins to whom he was close got nothing, to their sur- to 1890, alone and with others, McKay patented some 40 sewing, prise. His wife’s mother and sister were beneficiaries; the others nailing, tacking, lasting, and pegging machines for mass-producing seem not to have been relatives. Six codicils added seven more shoes. Rather than sell his machines, he leased them for royalties— women to the list and crossed o≠ five. An 1897 letter to “My Dear a few cents on every shoe made (anticipating the way Bill Gates Edith” suggests how such business was done. “You asked me,” supplied Microsoft’s operating system to computer manufacturers, wrote McKay, “to let you know what I could do for you, and you with payments per unit shipped). The shoe machines kept tallies asked me not to write you a terribly cruel note.—I’ll try to do the of their output, and manufacturers had to buy stamps to match, re- one and avoid the other.…You will remember when this com- deemable for shares in McKay’s company. Later they had to buy his menced I asked you how much you would require a month. And nails and wire, too. Thanks to such anticompetitive (and now ille- your mother answered (you being present and not dissenting) gal) practices, McKay’s machines by the late 1870s produced half $300. This was about the undertaking I thought I was engaging in.” the nation’s shoes—120 million pairs, yielding $500,000 a year. “Of his personal character all his friends speak in highest praise,” McKay lived on Arrow Street, near Harvard Square, and got to said one obituary. But in 1900 an anonymous letter, decorated with know Nathaniel Shaler, the eminent geologist, who interested him skull and crossbones, warned, “You are a disgrace to the commu- in Harvard’s scientific a≠airs. Shaler also advised him to invest in nity and they don’t propose to stand it much longer, you miserable a Montana gold mine, a venture that in time contributed about 10 old whore master. Why don’t you take some poor little waif and edu- percent of McKay’s wealth. (He never visited Montana, but his cate them—do some good in this world instead of filling your last patented invention was a mining dredge.) Thanks to Shaler’s house with loose women under the noses of respectable people?” friendship, and his own hopes for broadly educated engineers, McKay’s machines transformed the manufacture of shoes, and McKay left his fortune to Harvard, rather than to MIT. his grand bequest still renews engineering education at Harvard. But his millions did not come all at once. Because his will pro- However he may have lived, his life can be remembered with vided lifetime payments to various individuals, the principal was thanks for what it has made possible. not fully Harvard’s until 1949, when all annuitants had died. And so we turn to McKay’s women. Harry R. Lewis ’68, Ph.D. ’74, is Gordon McKay professor of computer science McKay first married in 1845. That marriage ended 22 years later and a Harvard College Professor.

48 September - October 2007 P0rtrait of Gordon McKay in 1895 by Hubert von Herkomer courtesy of Imaging Department, Harvard Magazine 49 Harvard University Art Museums ©President and Fellows of Harvard College. McKay patents courtesy of the U.S. Patent O∞ce. Photomontage by Naomi Shea Bricks Politics& What gets built at Harvard, what doesn’t, and why

by Joan Wickersham

very year, on a hot summer day, 10 Boston-area architects pile into a van together and drive around for hours looking for beauty. Lately, at least, they haven’t been ﬁnding it at Harvard. EThey are members of a jury assembled annually by the Boston Society of Architects to award the Harleston Parker Medal, a prize given to the recent building judged to be “the most beautiful.” It’s not the biggest, fanciest award in the world, or even in the world of architecture (that distinction belongs to the Pritzker Prize, sometimes referred to as “the Nobel of architecture”). But the Parker Medal is a good gauge

of how architects—who are both the toughest critics and This elegant and austere office building for the Harvard University Library rose at greatest appreciators of one another’s work—view the aes- 90 Mount Auburn Street after the Cambridge Historical Commission rejected a design by Viennese architect Hans Hollein that would thetic quality of what’s being built around Boston. have been a bold, provocative piece of art that might have begun “a new kind of Since 2000, juries have recognized buildings on the Welles- architecture in Harvard Square.”

50 September - October 2007 Photographs by Jim Harrison ley campus twice, at Northeastern University twice, and at MIT York’s Morgan Library—was hired in 1999 to design a new mu- once. The last time a Harvard building was chosen was in 1994: seum for Harvard’s modern art collection. And Hollein, whose the Law School’s Hauser Hall, designed by Kallman McKinnell buildings in his native Vienna are described by design critics as and Wood. masterpieces of urban contextual architecture (the adjective The aim here is not to compare institutions in a ferocious, “jewel-like” comes up repeatedly) was asked to design a small competitive, why-hasn’t-America-won-more-gold-medals-in- building for the Harvard libraries. these-Olympics sort of way, but rather to point out that, for Ultimately, neither design was built. much of the twentieth century, Harvard was perceived as a Meanwhile other buildings, including Robert A.M. Stern’s leader in modern architecture, so the ab- neo-Georgian Spangler Center for the Business School, have en- sence of its newest buildings from the list of joyed smoother processes—though that building has also engen- what architects consider “most beautiful” is dered debate about architectural taste. As George Thrush, head surprising. of the architecture program at Northeastern, says, “There are Harvard’s modern architectural vision many problems a university can run into when it comes to get- began when Walter Gropius was brought in ting things built—and Harvard usually runs into all of them.”

Peabody Terrace has always been admired by architects, but is generally to lead the architecture program at the Graduate School of Design No matter whom you talk to—architects, people within the (GSD) in 1937, and arguably reached its peak with the Carpenter University, Cambridge residents—three things are clear. First, Center, completed in 1963, the only building Le Corbusier ever de- there are a lot of fights about Harvard architecture. Second, signed in the United States. The campus also includes work by many of them aren’t really about architecture at all. And third, Alvar Aalto, Josep Lluis Sert, James Stirling, Robert Venturi, and they are won not by the group that makes the most persuasive Ben Thompson. Architects who studied or taught at the GSD— argument, but by the group that has the most leverage in the par- including I.M. Pei, Henry Cobb, Paul Rudolph, Philip Johnson, ticular situation. Hugh Stubbins, and Frank Gehry—have had an unparalleled impact on American architecture since World War II. Ada Louise The politics of site: Who gets to say what Huxtable, the former architecture critic for the New York Times, Harvard does with its land? wrote: “Harvard led an architectural revolution in the 1930s…that The defeat of the Renzo Piano art museum on the was virtually responsible in this country for the breakthrough for Charles River began 40 years before the museum itself was modern architecture” (see “The Forgotten Modernist,” page 58.) even conceived. So why isn’t Harvard still hiring amazing architects to design The parcel of land on which Harvard proposed to build the amazing buildings? museum was adjacent to Peabody Terrace, the complex of low- In fact, the University has tried. and high-rise buildings constructed in the 1960s to house gradu- During the past decade Harvard has given commissions to a ate students and their families. Designed by then GSD dean couple of architects who are not just well-regarded but generally Josep Lluis Sert, Peabody Terrace has always been admired by ar- revered: Renzo Piano and Hans Hollein, both of whom have won chitects (Leland Cott, an architect and a professor at the GSD, the Pritzker Prize. Piano, best known for his museum work— calls it “one of the world’s canonical housing projects”), but is the Pompidou Center in Paris, designed with Richard Rogers; generally disliked by those outside the profession, who find it the Menil Collection in Houston; and the recent addition to New cold and oversized. The neighbors hated it. The Riverside neighborhood was (and still is) a patchwork of small streets and modest clapboard houses. Peabody Ter- race’s three 22-story towers cast a long shadow, both literally and figuratively. For The towering years, front-yard fences Peabody Terrace in Riverside displayed, housing complex, alongside the climbing built in the 1960s, rises behind older roses, signs deploring housing of a far Harvard expansion. smaller scale. Riverside activist Saun- dra Graham (who went on to become a Massachusetts state representative) famously disrupted Harvard’s 1970 Commencement with a protest against further development. In 1999, James Cuno, then director of Har- vard’s art museums, announced plans to develop a piece of land next to Peabody Terrace that was owned by use the proposed museum site for University housing. It’s possi- Harvard and occupied for years by a popular nursery business. ble that external pressure from the neighbors accomplished Renzo Piano would design two new museums: one to house con- what internal politicking could not.) temporary art, and the other for ancient, Islamic, and Asian art. “Exhilarating,” one Riverside activist told the Globe in 2003, Piano’s design concept called for two-story wooden buildings vir- after the compromise was announced. But had the neighborhood tually hidden by a screen of trees. Boston Globe art critic Christine really benefited? Instead of a two-story museum in a park-like Temin wrote that when Piano showed her his plans, her response setting, they ended up with taller student dorms and a small was, “So where is it?” (See “Down by the Riverside: A Progress Re- public park adjacent to heavily traveled Memorial Drive. port,” May-June 2001, page 72, for images that the magazine has not Born suggests that what was at stake was more than just been given permission to reproduce here.) The balance of the site building heights, or even the symbolic David-and-Goliath drama would be used for University housing. of the neighbors versus the University, but also two opposing Observers called Piano’s design “bucolic” and “tactful”—but ideas of what constitutes the public good. “When I became a city Riverside neighbors, still angry about Peabody Terrace, petitioned councilor, there was controversy about a supermarket chain the Cambridge City Council to stop the project. “Neighborhoods wanting to build along the river. I thought the idea was ap- disliked by those outside the profession. The neighbors hated it. have enduring cultures,” says Kathleen Leahy Born, an architect palling, but you couldn’t argue for the who was a member of the council at the time. She remembers see- beauty of the river without sounding elitist. ing pen-and-ink sketches of the Piano project. “You couldn’t tell The Riverside group saw this supermarket much about it, but it was low. I thought it would have been a nice as food for poor people. So for them, defeat- and very fitting use of the land along the river.” The neighbors ing a museum and getting some units of were concerned about tra∞c, and proposed that the University a≠ordable housing is a victory of their defi- scrap the museum and use the site for a public park. That proposal nition of civic good.” In the opinion of Pebble Gi≠ord, a longtime recalled what had happened 25 years earlier when a citizens’ group Cambridge activist, “Those people don’t care about Renzo Piano, foiled plans to build the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum at they don’t give a damn who designs a museum down there. It’s the edge of Harvard Square. The I.M. Pei-designed project was not about architectural taste. It’s about ‘You already destroyed eventually sited at the University of Massachusetts, Boston cam- half our neighborhood, and now you want to destroy the other pus in Dorchester, and a park was built on the Harvard Square site half?’” For his part, Northeastern’s George Thrush—himself a instead, along with the Kennedy School of Government. Cambridge resident—points out that Harvard’s neighbors often The neighbors’ opposition to Piano’s museum also reflected fail to acknowledge the benefits of living near a large and thriv- their antipathy toward the new Harvard building that was going ing university: “Never have people whose property values have up directly across the river in Allston—a building Globe architec- risen so much complained so loudly.” ture critic Robert Campbell ’58, M.Arch. ’67, described by coin- Though the riverside museum was lost, the University man- ing the term “hate-object.” One Western Avenue (see cover), a 15- aged to hold onto the architect. Piano was retained to renovate story graduate-student residence designed by GSD faculty and expand the Fogg, a project whose construction will not members Rodolfo Machado and Jorge Silvetti, was intended as a begin until at least a year from now. gateway for the University’s new Allston campus. Boston mayor The Piano museum is just one recent example of a Harvard Thomas Menino publicly criticized the architects’ proposal, and project running into opposition from a neighborhood suspicious the building’s tower was shortened and re-oriented as a result. of institutional expansion. Because the University is in the mid- And when the building finally opened in 2003, Campbell com- dle of the city, its boundaries are blurry. Outrage arises when mented, “In 30 years of writing about architecture, I’ve never Harvard earmarks for construction a site it owns but has not heard so many expressions of outrage over a new building.” hitherto developed. Plans to fill in open space—such as the lawn Cambridge responded to the Riverside neighbors by imposing an behind the GSD, initially proposed as a site for the Center for 18-month development moratorium on Harvard’s proposed mu- Government and International Studies (CGIS), or the empty seum site. As Born explains, “A moratorium isn’t the same as a sim- skyscape filled by One Western Avenue—or to displace local ple delay. It’s enacted with the understanding that the time will be businesses evoke visceral resentments having to do with psycho- used for a planning process.” Eventually, a compromise was an- logical, rather than actual, property ownership: a sense that nounced. Harvard decided not to build a museum, and new zoning something that “belonged” to the neighborhood suddenly be- was put in place that would allow housing between three and six longs to Harvard. stories tall on the site. As a concession to the neighborhood, Har- The CGIS project, designed by Henry Cobb, former chair of the vard agreed to build approximately 40 units of a≠ordable commu- GSD’s department of architecture, went through several years of nity housing nearby, and to donate $50,000 to neighborhood groups. sometimes contentious public process—unquestionably adding The neighbors had done what they’d been powerless to to the ultimate cost of the project and the time it took Harvard to achieve 40 years before with Peabody Terrace: they had stopped complete it. One attendee at an early meeting remembers that Harvard from building what Harvard wanted to build. (There Harvard tried to justify the building’s initial siting by saying the are rumors that some within Harvard had wanted all along to campus had nowhere else to grow—“Which was the worst thing

Harvard Magazine 53 to say. The reaction was, ‘Don’t make your institutional problems After years of wrangling, the Center into our neighborhood crisis.’” The project was finally completed for Government and International in 2006—on a di≠erent site, with its program split between two Studies on Cambridge Street, which began as one structure, split into two buildings (it was originally conceived as a single structure) on op- and changed its site. posite sides of a busy street, and without the underground tunnel that Cobb and Harvard wanted to connect the buildings. to its immediate neighbors and the Yet the University’s senior director of community relations, character of the District.” Mary Power, points to many successful aspects of the CGIS Harvard hired Austrian architect process. “The dialogue produced many changes that were accept- Hans Hollein to design an office able to the University and responsive to the community,” she says. building for the University libraries. Harvard preserved the green space behind the GSD; planted 200 Nazneen Cooper, assistant dean for trees; decreased proposed building heights; and moved old wood- campus design and planning for the frame houses to the edge of the site, where they were renovated as Faculty of Arts and Sciences, was University o∞ce space—a practice which Harvard frequently involved with architect selection. employs, both as a way to rescue old structures and to mediate “The University wanted something between the scale of residential and University buildings. visionary,” she says. “This was a Power also cites two current projects where the public process building with no pressing criteria. has been going smoothly: the northwest corner of the law school, The scope was small and the risk now in site preparation; and a group of new science labs bordered was small, so we thought, ‘Great! by Oxford and Hammond Streets, currently under construction. Let’s get someone we otherwise The latter project includes a building by Rafael Moneo, whose work, wouldn’t get.’” like that of Piano and Hans Hollein, other architects admire hugely. Other architects considered were “The strategy we’ve found successful in working with the Rafael Viñoly, designer of the sleekly neighbors is a culture of collaboration with a focus on mutual aggressive new Boston convention benefits,” Power says. “And we try to begin the dialogue early.” center; and Toyo Ito, whose work Cooper describes as “avant-garde, The politics of urban context: Who gets to judge ephemeral, extremely beautiful. whether a building fits in? They just eat him up in California.” Nobody, in the recorded history of the doomed In some ways, she feels, “Hans Piano art museum, ever said, “I hate the building.” The aes- Hollein was the most conservative thetic issue hardly came up: the battle was over siting and Har- of the three.” vard’s perceived encroachment into the neighborhood. For the Mount Auburn Street site, In contrast, the controversy around Hans Hollein’s design for Hollein designed a five-story build- 90 Mount Auburn Street was, right from ing whose façade was a sloping, un- the beginning, a fight over aesthetics. The dulating metal mesh screen over- design was presented: some people loved it, hanging recessed ground-floor shop some people hated it, and the question be- fronts. He presented his design at a came not “Who’s right?” but “Who has the hearing before the historical com- power to prevail?” mission in April 2001.

“You need buildings that fit in, but you also need punctuation. Some of

The story began in 1999, when Harvard Planning and Real Es- Lee Cott, whose ﬁrm Bruner/Cott was a∞liated with Hollein tate announced it was going to tear down a couple of old build- on the project, remembers the evening as “awful.” Cooper calls ings on Mount Auburn Street between J. Press and the Fox Club. it “embarrassing.” The commissioners grilled Hollein on basic The retail tenants—the Harvard Provision Co., Skewers restau- issues of aesthetics and functionality. Why did the building rant, and University Typewriter—left cordially, but they were the curve? What was the “goal or intent” of the sloping façade? Had kind of quirky small retailers whose passing dismays Cambridge he thought about the snow that would collect in the screen? Did residents (and Harvard alumni) who’ve lamented the gradual loss he understand what Cambridge winters were like? Hollein, visi- of the “old” Harvard Square to glossy chain stores and banks. bly tired and jet-lagged, replied that he had considered all these Because one of the buildings on the site, an undistinguished issues, that he’d made many models and used his judgment in clapboard triple-decker, dated from 1895, the University could the design process, that he had designed buildings in the moun- not demolish it without permission from the Cambridge Histori- tains of Europe where there was far more snow. cal Commission. Furthermore, the site was within a conservation When the meeting was opened to public comment, a Cam- district, so any new design would have to navigate a narrow bridge resident stood up and gave a lengthy lecture and slide- Scylla-and-Charybdis set of requirements encouraging “creative show about contextual architecture. “Hans Hollein is one of modern architecture” that must also “complement and contribute the world’s leading experts on contextual architecture,”

54 September - October 2007 Harvard’s greatest buildings are the oddballs: Memorial Hall, the Lampoon.”

Cooper says. “He doesn’t need someone to explain to him what text?” Sometimes, she says, an architect’s re- ‘contextual’ means.” sponse to context might be “juxtaposition. In a memo to the commissioners several days earlier, the com- Look at Norman Foster’s Carré d’Art in mission’s executive director, Charles Sullivan, had called the Nîmes—he’s saying, I respect the beauty of building “inappropriately scaled” and “incongruous because of this very old architecture, so I’m going to re- its aggressive indi≠erence to its surroundings.” At the hearing, spond to it by opposing it.” after a brief discussion, the commission voted 7-0 to reject There is also the question of a building’s symbolic and visual im- Hollein’s design because it did not “complement and contribute portance within the larger urban scene. Kathy Born says, “In a place to” its urban context in Harvard Square. like Harvard Square, you need buildings that ﬁt in, but you also Contextual architecture, like beauty, can be subjective and need punctuation. Some of Harvard’s greatest buildings are the di∞cult to deﬁne. At its simplest, it has to do with a response to oddballs: Memorial Hall, the Lampoon.” How does one decide the size, scale, and style of the surrounding environment. But as whether a certain site needs an attention-getting “object” building, Cooper points out, that doesn’t mean just replicating what’s al- or a well-mannered backdrop? Some architects, for instance, be- ready there. “Is context in Harvard Square a big parking garage lieve Le Corbusier’s Carpenter Center would have worked better which has no architectural merit but is red brick? Is that con- as a stand-alone building on a more prominent site (“Observatory

Harvard Magazine 55 Stern argued that a university needs

of Hollein “a wonderful event,” believes the design was killed too early. “It was only a schematic design. It would have changed and gotten better if the process had been allowed to continue.” Before the commission met, critic Robert Campbell had written that the design seemed to “thrust and preen,” but also hoped it would be allowed to evolve in a way that was “feisty and inventive.” A year after the historical commission rejected Hollein’s approach, they unanimously voted to approve a design for the same site by Andrea Leers of Leers Weinzapfel Associates. In some ways, the Leers building, completed in 2006, echoes Ben Thomp- son’s classic 1970 Design Research building on Brattle Street, which now houses several retail stores. It is elegant and austere: a carefully detailed modern glass box. No one could fault it aesthetically. Some people might feel a pang for the funky old buildings and stores it replaced, although the ground ﬂoor provides a home for another independent retailer forced from the other side of the Square by a steep rent increase a year or two earlier: the Globe Travel Bookstore. Among architects, admiration for the Leers Weinzapfel building is widespread but muted; and the mutedness seems to come from a wistful sense of what might have been. What they miss is not so much the Hollein building but the symbolism of it, the fact that it would have been a bold, provocative piece of art. As Cott says, “It could have been the beginning of a new kind of architecture in Harvard Square.”

The politics of branding: Who gets to define a “Harvard building”? Mention the Spangler Center to an architect familiar with Harvard, and two subjects will come up: the building, Hill,” suggests one), while others feel The Business School’s and the speech. neo-Georgian Spangler that the building’s excitement and Center looks like a very The Spangler, a student center at Harvard Business School energy come from the way it’s nice country club—which (HBS), was designed by Robert A.M. Stern. Currently dean of jammed in between the serene red- can be read as either the Yale School of Architecture, Stern was a leading architect of brick Fogg and the Faculty Club. praise or indictment. the Shingle-Style Revival of the 1980s and is a respected architec- Ultimately, arguments about con- tural historian as well as a versatile designer whose work also in- text boil down to taste. For everyone who says, “Yes, it’s contex- cludes modern buildings. tual,” there’s someone else who says, “No, it isn’t.” In the case of the Spangler Center is a neo-Georgian red-brick building with Hollein building, the power to decide rested solely in the hands of white trim. Located on one of HBS’s great lawns, rather than in a the Cambridge Historical Commission, which originated in 1963 residential neighborhood, it was built without a lot of conflict, op- partly in response to Harvard’s modern building projects (notably position, or drama. It looks like a very nice country club—which to the Holyoke Center, whose “harsh exterior contrasted sharply with some people might sound like praise and to others an indictment. the comfortable brick vernacular of Harvard Square,” according to But to Stern—and many would agree with him—the building the commission’s website). Again, a public regulatory process is unmistakably Harvard. trumped Harvard’s ability to build on its own land—and again, the In his speech at the Spangler’s dedication in January 2001, Stern public process had grown up partly in reaction to what and how argued that a university needs to have its own brand, just as a cor- Harvard built in the 1960s, the University’s single most explosive poration or product does; and that in an era when competition for period of growth. students and resources is fierce, Harvard’s venerable red-brick- Among architects, no one is waxing nostalgic over the good Georgian look is an important marketing asset which the University old days of arrogant, autocratic development. But they do worry ought to be perpetuating. In other words, the brand already exists about the impact all this public process has on the quality of ar- and it ain’t broke, so don’t try to fix it. (Interestingly, Stern’s speech chitecture. Says one designer: “There’s now so much community fudged the issue of whether he was advocating for the future of review that it’s hard to build a building that hasn’t been pushed brick neo-Georgian branding at Harvard as a whole, or just at the and massaged and changed.” business school. Stern is currently working on the new building at So how good was the Hollein building? Nazneen Cooper found the northwest corner of the Law School—a modern Beaux-Arts- it “unusual and poetic.” Lee Cott, who calls the University’s choice influenced design whose façade calls for pale limestone.)

56 September - October 2007 to have its own brand, just as a corporation or product does.

Former Harvard president Lawrence H. Summers feels that, tion with Harvard. They went there, or didn’t “With the exception of the business school, Harvard architecture get in, or worked there, or know someone has tended very much towards eclecticism, with many di≠erent who was fired. It’s personal. There’s no one styles juxtaposed in close proximity. Reasonable people di≠er, who doesn’t have an attitude about Harvard.” but I think Harvard has in general erred more on the side of vari- George Thrush acknowledges the impor- ety than on the side of coherence in its architectural choices.” tance of public input and says that under- The reason the branding question is so important right now is, standing how to navigate it is key to the success of both an archi- of course, Allston. The University’s plan to build an enormous tect and a university. “Architects need to treat the public process new campus on the other side of the river has everyone wonder- with as much attention as they treat the composition of a façade.” ing what it’s going to look like. As Lee Cott says, “Allston is the Tim Love is an architect who teaches at Northeastern and has Harvard of the future.” done work for Harvard; he also worked as a designer for Machado University insiders acknowledge that Harvard first turned its and Silvetti on the Boston Public Library’s new Allston branch, sights on Allston in response to the increasing di∞culty of getting sited on land provided by Harvard—a building that is praised as things built in Cambridge. The grass looked greener over there (but often as the firm’s One Western Avenue graduate-housing project as has been reported in this magazine, the process has already hit a is reviled. “The best architects know how to listen, and how to syn- Cambridge-like snag, as neighbors objected to plans for a new art thesize,” he says. “They hear di≠erent things from di≠erent stake- museum because they disliked its height and size and had not yet holders, and then come up with a design that gets it all in. The key reviewed an overall master plan; see “O≠ the Fast Track,” May- is to do it democratically without moving a Ouija board around the June, page 64). The scale of the Allston campus—more than 200 community. Nor do you want to fall in love with a design concept acres, and up to 10 million square feet of construction—ensures it and then have to defend it. It’s more like surfing—you watch care- will provoke the same political questions that have dogged Har- fully and wait, and then pick the right wave and ride it in.” vard in Cambridge: the politics of site, the politics of urban context, But the Allston campus also, inescapably, raises questions of ar- and the politics of branding and style. In addition to the many chitectural style, taste, and beauty. As Robert Stern says, many uni- voices within the University, there will be neighbors, civic groups, versity campuses have a brand: think of Yale’s Oxford-inspired and city agencies, all of whom will use available planning and zon- Gothicism, or Stanford’s Californian Mission-inspired sandstone, ing tools as leverage to achieve their own ends. or the lean steel I-beams and As Kathy Born points out, “Harvard is up against pressures an glass of Ludwig Mies van ordinary developer doesn’t face. First, it’s here to stay. Every project der Rohe’s Illinois Institute is one of a series, and the repercussions from any given project last a of Technology. Should there long time. Second, there’s a perception that it’s a wealthy liberal in- be a Harvard brand in All- stitution and everything it does should benefit the public good. ston? If so, what should it And third, pretty much everyone in the Boston area has a connec- be? And what should be the

How do Harvard’s experiences with Designed by Frank Gehry, The View architecture and community process Ar.D. ’00, MIT's Stata Cen- compare with those at MIT? Cer- ter is a striking two-towered academic from down tainly MIT has erected some eye- complex that has drawn catching buildings during the past architectural attention. the River few years: Frank Gehry’s exuberant Stata Center and Steven Holl’s jittery each Harvard school is gridded Simmons Hall dormitory. Robert Simha, who for 40 ﬁnancially self-sustaining, years was MIT’s head of planning, points to the very di≠erent the University can be re- physical situations of the two schools. “One major advantage luctant to reveal plans for MIT had, in the past, is that it was surrounded by industrial a speciﬁc site until the land uses.” As a result, he says, MIT’s relations with its neigh- money is in hand and the bors were “cordial but remote.” project is viewed as “real.” In addition, Simha says, both MIT’s central administration But in the meantime, he and its planning o∞cers were encouraged to become involved in adds, information about a project usually leaks out, increasing Cambridge city a≠airs, as university representatives and as in- the distrust of community groups who may be a≠ected. dividuals. Simha once counted that he was a member of 15 Yet the di≠erences between the two institutions may be nar- di≠erent local boards and groups. “We had better eyes and ears rowing. Simha points out that as MIT’s residential neighbors on the street,” he says. “The institute had a human face, not just have become more sophisticated, and as the Cambridge Histori- an institutional one.” cal Commission has taken more interest in the old industrial He suggests that Harvard’s decentralized organization cre- buildings around the MIT campus, MIT now faces the same ates di∞culties when it comes to community relations. Because kinds of constraints on university expansion that Harvard does.

Harvard Magazine 57 interplay between the background buildings of the new campus perstar architects is a di≠erent, and troubling, kind of branding. (branded, or not) and its signature monuments? “Instead of the architect getting deep inside the culture of a uni- “The Allston site isn’t hemmed in by tradition,” Cott says. “It’s versity and customizing the expression of the building, as Saari- not historic. What Harvard has to do is build responsibly and nen might have done, the new model is more prêt-à-porter. By se- wonderfully.” lecting architects with pre-established and media-validated Cott, whose firm’s work includes the critically and popularly styles, universities are perpetuating the architect’s own brand at praised Mass MoCA, a contemporary art museum housed in the the expense of the cultural insights and unique solutions that shells of a cluster of old mill buildings in North Adams, Massachu- might be gained in a more open-ended and innovative design setts, dislikes the idea of a neo-Georgian—or indeed, neo-any- process.” Though Love agrees with Stern that branding is impor- thing—campus in Allston. “We’ve got to get past thinking of archi- tant, he thinks that neo-Georgian is a “cowardly” way to go about tecture in terms of style. We don’t think of cars as modern or it. Like Cott, he feels that “buildings should look like what they not—they are modern, they’re of this time. Once I said to a client are. The exteriors should give cues about what goes on inside.” who wanted a Colonial design, ‘I’ll make a deal with you. If you’re In a sense, this is the old form-versus-function debate. Many wearing leather underwear, I’ll design you a more traditional-look- architects would argue that aesthetic style—whether the ap- ing building. But if your underwear is made of some modern mater- proach is familiar and traditionalist, or spectacularly innovative, ial, then I’d like to ask you to keep an open mind about the design.’” à la Frank Gehry—should not drive design. “Gehry does it re- Tim Love, like Stern, acknowledges the use of architectural sponsibly, but when it’s handled irresponsibly, as it so often is, branding as a corporate marketing tool, citing Frank Lloyd that kind of pure formalism goes too far and becomes meaning- Wright’s 1937 Johnson Wax building in Racine, Wisconsin, and less,” says Hubert Murray, president of the Boston Society of Ar- Eero Saarinen’s New York TWA terminal: “Those buildings re- chitects. “It’s spiritually empty, divorced from anything human. ally said something about the patron. They were brand-specific.” It has no connection with people and how they feel and live.” But Love thinks that the recent trend of universities hiring su- But it would be disingenuous to imply that function alone can design a good building. Says George Thrush: “Peo- If there’s one name associated with the ple think modern buildings are transparent and The Forgotten reputation of Harvard’s Graduate School of honest about their functions. Wrong. All buildings Design (GSD) as the cradle of American mod- lie. The question is, how beautiful is the lie?” Modernist ern architecture, it is that of Walter Gropius. Harvard’s choice of Behnisch Architects of His tenure at Harvard—from 1937 to 1952— Stuttgart to design the first Allston buildings, a marked the end of the academic French Beaux-Arts method of educating archi- science complex, signals that whatever the overall tects. Gropius’s philosophy grew out of his leadership of the German Bauhaus: an look of the new campus, sustainability will be a emphasis on industrial materials and technology, functionality, collaboration priority. The Behnisch firm is renowned for exper- among di≠erent professions, and a complete rejection of historical precedent. tise in “green” design. Their Genzyme corporate But according to two books on the history of the GSD—Anthony Alofsin’s headquarters building, near the MIT campus, is a comprehensive The Struggle for American Modernism and Jill Pearlman’s Inventing shimmering modern interplay of reflective surfaces American Modernism—Gropius’s celebrity has eclipsed another important figure and energy-e∞cient technology. in the history of modern architecture: Joseph Hudnut. Great design at Harvard in the twenty-first cen- Hudnut, a respected educator and writer with a particular interest in cities, tury may result from a sensitive balancing of public was brought in by Harvard president James Bryant Conant in 1935 to modern- process, the University’s needs, and an architect’s ize architectural education at the University. Hudnut created the Graduate aesthetic vision. Inevitably some buildings will be School of Design (uniting the three formerly separate programs of architec- dumbed down on their way to being built, and oth- ture, landscape architecture, and city planning). He got rid of antique statuary, ers will be killed outright. And still others will get replaced mullioned windows with plate glass, and hired Gropius to head the built and be controversial. As Lawrence Summers architecture program. (The other leading candidate was Ludwig Mies van der observes, “It takes at least a decade before a build- Rohe, who, according to both Alofsin and Pearlman, did not like the idea of ing can be fully evaluated.” Yet at the same time, he competing with anyone else for the job.) says, “The buildings that the University erects are Hudnut and Gropius got along well for a decade or so. But even though its longest-lived investments. Nothing is more im- Hudnut was the titular leader of the school, Gropius was by far the more portant than getting architectural choices right.” charismatic figure and an expert self-promoter whose students routinely in- Nazneen Cooper speaks of the idea of architec- sisted on his greatness while at the same time praising his modesty. Ultimately, ture as legacy. “We create a campus. It tells a story. Hudnut and Gropius diverged philosophically. Hudnut believed Gropius had Edmund Burke says that buildings aren’t just gone too far in denigrating both the importance of urban context and the value buildings—they are memories. One root of the of historical knowledge for designers. Gropius’s supporters called Hudnut a word ‘architecture’ is ‘tectonic.’ It’s the making of “reactionary…skulking behind lantern slides of the past.” But Pearlman an artifact: something that can tell us about cul- poignantly quotes architect Henry Cobb on Hudnut’s urban-history courses: tures, civilizations, and time. The question is al- “The most a≠ecting single learning experience…for many of us.” The pedagogi- ways: What do we want to leave behind?” cal dispute between the two men was unresolvable, and they resigned within a year of each other. Hudnut was largely forgotten, while Gropius continued to Joan Wickersham’s column “The Lurker” is a regular fea- be feted by students (sometimes sporting vote grope buttons) at an annual ture in ArchitectureBoston magazine. Her memoir, The birthday bash until he died in 1969. Suicide Index, will be published by Harcourt next year.

58 September - October 2007 JOHNJOHN HARVARD’SHARVARD’S JOURNALJOURNAL

MOVING ON: To accommodate Harvard Law School’s large new building, an existing garage and dormitory had to be razed. But three historic wooden buildings were saved, making a gingerly trip up the closed Massachusetts Avenue on the weekend of June 23-25—their weight carefully distributed to avoid col- Photograph by lapsing the Red Line subway tunnel underneath. For Kris Snibbe/ more on summer campus construction, see page 62. Harvard News O∞ce JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

The Installation On line Drew Gilpin Faust will be formally installed as Harvard’s twenty-eighth president on Friday, October 12. Harvard Magazine will post coverage of the academic symposiums, installation ceremony, and Faust’s address at www.harvardmagazine.com beginning that day and for several days thereafter. A full report on the events will appear in the print edition, mailed to readers in late October.

Settling In, Sociably

On monday morning, July 2, those members of the Har- vard community who weren’t taking a pre-holiday vacation were greeted by an e-mailed “Invitation from President Faust.” The new www.president.- “I sit here in my new o∞ce in harvard.edu webpage; on July 2, President Drew Faust meets with Christopher Massachusetts Hall, amid boxes to Gordon to discuss Allston, and hosts a summer social After thanking all, in advance, “for all be unpacked, letters to be an- in the Yard for the extended Harvard community. that I know we will undertake together,” swered, and books to be shelved,” the president then invited the entire com- wrote Drew Faust in her capacity (o∞- the faculty, students, sta≠, and others munity to her figurative new home, for cially, for 32 hours) as University presi- without whom there could be no Harvard. “some summertime refreshments and for dent. “But the computer works just fine, “Each of us brings something di≠erent, leisurely conversation”—an afternoon and so I take this moment to write. My and something significant, to our shared ice-cream social in Harvard Yard. message, for now, is very simple. I look enterprise,” she continued. “We teach, we That welcoming, outward gesture was forward to our future adventures together study, we discover, we create, we make accompanied by plenty of internal work with immense anticipation. I can imagine sure the lights go on and the bills get during the president’s first weeks. Faust no higher calling than doing all I can to paid. We are individual members of a col- was photographed during her first day in serve this great university—and helping lective whose opportunity to contribute the o∞ce conferring with Christopher M. it, in turn, to serve the world. And I feel to the future of learning, and the im- Gordon, chief operating o∞cer of the All- singularly fortunate to have the opportu- provement of the human condition, ston Development Group, on plans for the nity to do so in concert with all of you— knows few equals and few bounds.…” new campus. She named an acting vice president for alumni a≠airs and develop- IN THIS ISSUE ment (see page 66), and on July 11 a new Harvard Medical School (HMS) dean, 60 Settling In, Sociably 68 Scholarly Sale one of her most important academic ap- 61 Dr. Dean 68 Arsenic and Old Lead pointments (opposite). 61 Harvard Portrait 69 Brevia Shortly thereafter, the president and 62 Sca≠olding and Science 71 The Undergraduate the deans convened their first retreat, dis- 64 The Calendar, Changed 73 Ledecky Fellows cussing how to conduct academic plan- 65 Engineering Renewed 74 Sports: Soccer Stars, Radcli≠e Rugby ning within each school and among 66 University People 78 Alumni them—and so to proceed on University 67 Yesterday’s News 84 The College Pump priorities involving growth in the sci-

60 September - October 2007 Photographs by Justin Ide/Harvard News O∞ce ences, expansion in Allston, and, ultimately, a capital campaign to pay for HARVARD PORTRAIT everything. A signiﬁcant guest was Lawrence University Professor Michael E. Porter, of Harvard Business School, perhaps today’s foremost scholar of strategy for businesses and nonproﬁt organizations alike. As medical-school dean Jef- frey S. Flier later told HMS colleagues, on July 16, Porter had helped the deans think about clarifying their schools’ goals and strategies, measuring performance, and evaluating relative positions—all sugges- tive of a realistic and tough-minded approach as Harvard makes its case to friends for support now and in the future. Specifying the elements of that future will take time: Faust’s team of deans and senior administrators is still being assembled. But the outlines and guiding princi- ples (some sketched in “A Scholar in the House,” July-August, page 24) will become clearer soon, beginning with her remarks this fall to the entering College freshmen and their parents on September 9, at the School of Engineering and Ap- plied Sciences’ inaugural celebration on September 20 (see page 65), and in her own installation address in Tercentenary Theatre on October 12.

Dr. Dean Jeffrey s. flier, m.d., becomes dean of Howard Gardner Harvard Medical School (HMS) on Sep- tember 1; President Drew Faust announced As a psychologist, Howard Gardner is best known for his theory of multiple intelli- his appointment on July 11. Flier, the Reis- gences, first propounded in 1983 in one of his two dozen books, Frames of Mind. In- man professor of medicine, is an expert on telligence, he posits, isn’t a single faculty that can be measured with a standard IQ the molecular mechanisms involved in the test. Instead, humans have several forms of this commodity, some of which show up production and use of insulin (fundamen- in nonacademic pursuits—music-making, for instance. Gardner is also a founder and tal to understanding diabetes) and on obe- now senior director of the educational think tank Project Zero.The Hobbs profes- sity. He succeeds neuroscientist Joseph B. sor of cognition and education at the Graduate School of Education, he has made Martin, who stepped down at the end of signal contributions to the study of child development, leadership, creativity, and ful- the academic year, on June 30, after a filling work. Now, in the role of public intellectual, he is speaking out on policy mat- decade of service (see “Medicine Man,” Jan- ters. His newest book, Five Minds for the Future, is prescriptive.We should cultivate uary-February, page 64). In the interval, five ways of thinking—disciplinary, synthesizing, creating, respectful, and ethical Barbara J. McNeil, M.D. ’66, Ph.D. ’72, minds—for personal success and to make the world a world one wants to live in. In Watts professor of health care policy and the magazine Foreign Policy, he argued in the spring for upper limits on the amount professor of radiology, served as acting of income an American should be allowed to keep and the amount of wealth that dean at Faust’s request; a faculty member can be passed on to beneficiaries ($4 million a year and $200 million, respectively). since 1983, McNeil founded and chairs the “It makes sense to be moderate politically only if there are two sides willing to en- department of health care policy. gage,” he says. “The right wing isn’t just taking over the country, it’s shanghaiing all Faust called Flier, who joined the Har- our values. If there’s a Republican administration after the next election, I would vard Medical community in 1978 (after join in efforts for some sort of secession. It’s not the same country anymore.” earning his M.D. from Mount Sinai

Photograph by Stu Rosner Harvard Magazine 61 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

Scaffolding and Science Scenes from the summer construction season on campus

Byerly Hall (below) is known to tens of thousands of would-be Harvard College students as the home of undergraduate admissions. No longer. Those offices having been relocated, the building is undergoing stem-to-stern renovation, from which it will emerge in the fall of 2008 as offices and meeting space for the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study’s fellows, making Radcliffe Yard a compact, unified space for interdisciplinary research.

The Laboratory for Integrated Science and Engineering (at the center, above), one of two new, major Faculty of Arts and Sciences laboratory buildings, neared completion. Below the new courtyard, once a capacious hole (see the September-October 2005 issue, page 54), lie the LISE clean rooms and sensitive equipment (shown at right).

62 September - October 2007 Photographs by Jim Harrison The cavernous Malkin Athletic Center (below)—home to several sports teams, a swimming pool, and fitness facilities—is the most heavily used venue for exercise on the Cambridge side of campus. It is being refitted with new systems, a new gym floor, reconfigured stairways, and a visitor-friendly lounge. Workers filled the central court with a forest of scaffolding. JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

School of Medicine in New York City in Harvard schools, the HMS dean requires disciplines are brought to bear, for exam- 1972, training in internal medicine at that blend of experience and attributes. ple, on the range of cancers. The multiyear Mount Sinai, and serving as a clinical as- The school educates future physicians and leveling-o≠ of the budget of the National sociate at the National Institutes of biomedical researchers; its faculty mem- Institutes of Health (the principal source Health for four years), “an outstanding bers do science of fundamental impor- of research funds) exacerbates competi- academic leader, scientist, and medical tance; and in pursuit of those missions, it is tion for support just as the costs of bio- educator.” She underscored the intersec- tightly interwoven with the a∞liated hos- medical science have risen significantly. tion of his “collaborative instincts” and pitals, which of course face not only the Flier has exposure to all these chal- his combination of “exceptional intelli- financial challenges common throughout lenges. He has run a large research opera- gence with an admirable ability to bring the healthcare system, but also the costs to tion (in remarks to the HMS community people together around issues of acade- academic medical centers of managing on July 16, he cited the past and current mic and institutional importance.” And both clinical training and large applied re- 100-plus associates in his laboratory). He Faust also cited Flier’s atempts to search enterprises. Contemporary re- has been based at Beth Israel Deaconess “strengthen cooperative e≠orts within search raises the stakes still further, as Medical Center, which ranks in the top the broader Harvard medical community HMS and hospital-based faculty members tier of a∞liated hospitals in providing clin- [and] to pursue important new opportu- apply new tools—genomics, advanced ical education for HMS M.D. candidates, nities for fruitful connections with other imaging technologies, systems biology (the and during the past five years he has parts of the University.” costs of which exceed what any individual served as both chief academic o∞cer and Even more than the leaders of other laboratory can support)—and as multiple Harvard faculty dean for academic pro-

The rationale for adopting this scheme University-wide is principally academic. As matters stand now, with the profes- The Calendar, Changed sional schools’ and FAS’s schedules as much as a couple of weeks out of kilter, students are effectively precluded from Harvard’s anomalous academic calendar will more closely resem- cross-registering for classes elsewhere at Harvard, and faculty ble those of other institutions—starting just after Labor Day and members who want to teach in a different school—say, to offer ending with Commencement in late May—beginning in the 2009- a College freshman seminar—face unneeded obstacles in doing 2010 school year. The new order was unveiled on June 6, just be- so. The earlier end to the academic year would make it easier fore this year’s Commencement, when President Derek Bok an- for undergraduates to find summer jobs, internships, and oppor- nounced that the University’s Governing Boards had just approved tunities for study or service abroad. And undergraduates over- his recommendation. Bok solicited community opinion on the whelmingly expressed their preference for exams before the proposal in early May, and signaled in his annual report (see “De- winter holiday, giving them time to relax without the pressure veloping Deans, Calendar Consensus,” July-August, page 60, and as- of then gearing up for tests after New Year’s (and after an ex- sociated articles) that such decisions were properly the central ad- tended reading period that could result in some finals falling as ministration’s to make on the University’s behalf. much as five weeks after a last class meeting). The calendar Bok sketched would: The recommendations adopted, and the rationale supporting • have each school begin the fall semester in early September, them, had been largely spelled out in 2004 by a committee chaired typically right after Labor Day; by Pforzheimer University Professor Sidney Verba. Implementation • conclude the term, and examinations, in December; was postponed during the comprehensive review of the under- • begin the second semester in some coordinated fashion, during graduate curriculum then being pursued by FAS. With the new a period from mid to late January; curriculum now fully legislated (al- • coordinate Thanksgiving and though not yet implemented), and spring breaks; and with the academic and other advan- • bring the year to a close at Com- tages available from a coordinated cal- mencement by the end of May. endar outweighing objections to the Schools such as the Faculty of change, Bok proceeded. Two years Arts and Sciences (FAS), which has hence, freshmen will report to Cam- discussed a January “J” term for ex- bridge by late August, and Com- perimental learning experiences mencement will lure parents and re- (perhaps one intensive, ungraded union-bound alumni back to campus class), would be free to decide the following May—when the local what use to make of the period flowering shrubs are still putting on a after New Year’s and before the be- show that has typically faded by the ginning of the second semester. time of the June festivities. GETTY IMAGES

64 September - October 2007 grams there. One of his early priorities will at the boundaries among schools and hos- be to continue implementing HMS’s new pitals. As President Derek Bok pointed course of study, which aims to improve out in his report to the community pub- medical education by having students stay lished in June, there are significant di≠er- with patients for an extended period, and ences of opinion within HMS about how by immersing them more deeply in mod- best to conduct biomedical research and ern, complex hospitals and other health- teaching in the future. Bok described how care settings, rather than rotating them the school “has built a series of highly dis- from place to place too rapidly (see “The tinguished departments of preclinical sci- Pulse of a New Medical Curriculum,” Sep- ence of which the University can be justly tember-October 2006, page 64). proud,” but added that “few of the pre- Beth Israel was hardest hit among the clinical scientists teach medical students University’s principal a∞liates when aca- and…many of them do research that is demic medical centers nationwide had more closely related to the work of scien- financial problems (or in its case, crises) tists in Cambridge than it is to medicine earlier in the decade; Paul F. Levy, then or human health. Only recently, after the Jeffrey S. Flier HMS executive dean for administration, number of preclinical faculty had grown moved over to the hospital as president to more than 100 scientists, did the ques- and chief executive o∞cer in January 2002 tion of their relationship to the rest of the Oliver Wendell Holmes, who said of an to perform a radical financial restructur- Medical School become clearly visible eminent HMS professor that he was “a ing that by all accounts saved the institu- when all of the preclinical chairs an- man who forgot himself in his care for tion—so Flier has some immediate sense nounced a desire to move en masse to All- others and his love for his profession”—a of the a∞liates’ problems and needs. Levy ston.” No such massive relocation of sta≠ description she said suited Flier perfectly. appointed Flier as chief academic o∞cer from HMS and the Faculty of Arts and In his own remarks—which included during a time when the hospital’s teach- Sciences appears in the o∞ng, but the fac- thanks to Beth Israel’s Levy (for his ex- ing mission was severely tested. ulty debate suggests just how significantly ample of how to “transform an institu- Finally, Flier was also a member of the biomedical research may change. tion” through the force of character and University Planning Committee for Sci- In sizing up the dean’s responsibilities insight), and to his own mother and ence and Engineering, in which Provost and strengths at the July 16 HMS recep- daughters—Flier revealed an energetic Steven E. Hyman brought together Har- tion, Faust, an historian, recalled Presi- and open style, as well as a willingness vard schools and a∞liated hospitals to in- dent Charles William Eliot’s centennial not to take himself too seriously. He had vestigate how to organize and fund inter- remarks to the school in 1883. She quoted forgotten to acknowledge his wife, Dr. disciplinary research and teaching. He him as saying that the school had “no Eleftheria (Terry) Maratos-Flier, associ- then became a founding member of the thought of resting contented with its pre- ate professor of medicine, who is also a implementing body for those recommen- sent condition,” and that medicine itself research colleague, he told the crowd. dations, the Harvard University Science was a “fresh and boundless field of Therefore, anyone who thought their and Engineering Committee. That work unimaginable fertility.” Accordingly, Eliot new dean would not make mistakes had helped acquaint Flier and other scientific noted, “a medical school must always be just seen a definitive counter-example— leaders from across the University and expecting new wonders.” a “whopper,” which he moved promptly beyond with each other and with the She also cited another speaker that day, to remedy with warmth and grace. most exciting opportunities for collaborative research (see “For Science and En- gineering, New Life,” March-April, page Faust, prominent outside speakers, and fac- 65). The committee’s initial concrete Engineering Renewed ulty members, the event aims to focus on fruits are the first multischool academic Celebrating its own nifty bit of reengi- new opportunities to enhance education, department (of developmental and regen- neering, the School of Engineering and Ap- advance research, and better society. erative biology, a formal home for replied Sciences (SEAS), elevated from the Engineering and applied sciences are not search, faculty appointments, and teach- status of a division of the same name, will new disciplines at Harvard. The Lawrence ing in stem-cell science and related unveil its new identity and mission publicly Scientific School, founded in 1847, was in- fields), a $50-million commitment from on Thursday, September 20. The “celebra- corporated into the University in 1906 and the Corporation for start-up support, and tion of the past, present, and future,” and emerged as the Division of Engineering and a very large scientific research facility official launch of Harvard’s newest school— Applied Sciences in 1946. The division has now in advanced stages of planning as the ratified in February by the Corporation— been embedded within the Faculty of Arts first new building to be constructed as has been dubbed “Engineering a Renais- and Sciences (FAS), which will continue to part of the Allston campus. sance.” Through presentations by Dean admit both the undergraduates (through Nor are such issues all external to HMS, Venkatesh Narayanamurti, President Drew the College) and Graduate School of Arts

Photograph by Jon Chase/Harvard News O∞ce Harvard Magazine 65 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL and Sciences applicants who study in the A booklet prepared for the September perhaps a new concentration covering the school. But its new status underscores 20 gala outlines several of the school’s am- fundamentals of science and engineering SEAS’s autonomy in ﬁnances, research ad- bitions. In education, SEAS aims to main- and their connection to society. For con- ministration, and other operational mat- tain the virtues of being a part of a liberal- centrators, the school emphasizes in- ters, and confers a stronger identity for at- arts institution by o≠ering a new founda- creasingly experiential learning—using tracting faculty and students. tional course for all undergraduates, and new teaching laboratories—and interdisciplinary knowledge. The latter is grounded both in SEAS’s nondepartmen- the Radcli≠e Institute tal structure and in the connections its Mahzarin R. Banaji; as- faculty members maintain to other de- University People sociate professor of bio- partments: one-third of its professors statistics Tianxi Cai; hold joint appointments. Enduring Deans, Acting Executives professor of government Recent and planned growth in the fac- Alan A. Altshuler, Harvard Graduate Daniel Carpenter; Folger ulty ranks underpins SEAS’s research and

School of Design dean since early 2005, has Fund professor of history KRIS SNIBBE/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE teaching goals. During Narayanamurti’s Andrew D. agreed to continue to serve during the fall Andrew D. Gordon; and Gordon deanship, begun in 1998, SEAS has re- semester at the request of President Drew Watts professor of music newed its faculty ranks, currently num- Faust; he had intended to step down at and professor of African and African bering 69 people, with more than 40 new the end of the academic American studies Kay K. Shelemay. For members, including about 20 additional year, in June. Robert the complete list of the 51 fellows, see positions. In the coming decade, the Cashion, director of de- www.radcli≠e.edu. school hopes to grow another 50 percent, velopment for the Fac- bringing its faculty to around 100 mem- ulty of Arts and Sciences Currier Chiefs bers, with significant expansion in fields (FAS), began serving as Long-time resident tutors Laura Khosh- related to biomedical and chemical engi- acting vice president for bin and Shah Khoshbin will serve as in- neering (see charts), and related growth KRIS SNIBBE/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE Alan A. alumni a≠airs and devel- terim masters of Currier House during in computing, nanotechnology, and bio- Altshuler opment on July 2, suc- the academic year, while a search for per- engineering infrastructure. ceeding Donella Rapier, whose departure manent appointees continues. They suc- was announced during the winter (see ceed Shad professor of business ethics SEAS Faculty “Fast Start,” May-June, page 54). Faust is Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Patricia conducting searches for both positions. O’Brien, former deputy dean of the Col- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences lege, who relinquished their Currier dean Theda Skocpol, who had planned to posts in June. depart in June, has also agreed to serve until her successor is named. Departing Professorial Pair Freed professor of economics Caroline Prime Mathematicians (Minter) Hoxby (a leading researcher on The Shaw Prize Foundation, Hong educational policy, also Kong, has awarded its $1-million Shaw honored for teaching ex- Prize in Mathematical Sciences for 2007 cellence as a Harvard Col- to Robert P. Langlands, of the Institute lege Professor) and her for Advanced Study, and Smith professor husband, Blair G. Hoxby, of mathematics Richard L. Taylor. The associate professor of his- two were cited for jointly “initiating and tory and literature (both STEPHANIE MITCHELL/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE developing a grand unifying vision of members of the College Caroline mathematics that connects prime num- class of 1988, and then Hoxby bers with symmetry.” Rhodes Scholars together), have accepted tenure o≠ers from Stanford. Their move Radcliffe Fellows highlighted problems facing academic cou- Five Harvard faculty ples (Blair Hoxby taught for years at Yale; members will be Rad- the couple had two homes and long com- cli≠e Institute fellows mutes) and also represented a high-profile this year: Cabot profes- loss for the economics department, where JON CHASE/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE sor of social ethics and Mahzarin R. Caroline Hoxby was one of only three Pforzheimer professor at Banaji tenured women.

66 September - October 2007 That planned growth would support continued education in SEAS’s degree Yesterday’s News programs (applied mathematics, com- From the pages of the Harvard Alumni Bulletin and Harvard Magazine puter science, and the engineering sciences subﬁelds: biomedical engineering, 1912 Larz Anderson ’88 proposes to by…helping to organize student-con- electrical engineering, engineering build a new bridge across the Charles ducted business enterprises….” physics, environmental sciences, and me- River to replace the inadequate wooden chanical and materials sciences), as well structure connecting Cambridge and The admissions committee’s newsletter as further work in related areas of public Brighton. Meanwhile, Mass. Ave. is being notes the continuing decline in the pro- policy. Among the areas identiﬁed for fo- paved with wooden blocks from Quincy portion of public-school boys entering cused research are surface chemistry, Square to Harvard Square to reduce the the College: they will make up exactly 50 quantum computation, biologically in- noise of traffic. percent of the incoming freshman class. spired engineering, nanotechnology, and energy and environmental technologies. 1927 Play-by-play accounts of all 1962 As Harvard’s football and soccer Those aspirations will be given tangi- Harvard football games will be transmit- teams go down to defeat across the ble form by the completion and occu- ted by the Westinghouse station of New Charles, members of GUTS, the College’s pancy of FAS’s towering Laboratory for England (WBZ-WBZA), thanks to a Gargoyle Undergraduate Tiddlywinks Integrated Science and Engineering, link- special line running from the press stands Society, squidge and squop their way to a ing the historical SEAS campus complex on the field to the transmitter in Boston. 23-12 victory over Holy Cross to win centered in Pierce Hall and its associated first place in NUTS, the National Under- buildings with the McKay Laboratory. 1937 The University announces that it graduate Tiddlywinks Society. (The Those attending the September 20 events will begin providing pensions and group victors later appear on I’ve Got a Secret will be able to tour the result before or life insurance for regular members of its and stump the panel.) after the welcome and dedication nonteaching staff, as it does already for speeches by Narayanamurti and Faust, on its teaching staff. 1972 As an economy measure, the the Pierce lawn at 2:00. University is considering leasing space in Other public addresses will be made by 1942 The first class of U.S. Army Holyoke Center to professional firms. Charles M. Vest, MIT president emeritus chaplains—“Sky Pilots”—to be housed at and now president of the National Acad- Harvard graduates. The program aims to 1987 “Ambitious plans are afoot to emy of Engineering (and a newly minted turn out 450 chaplains a month. wire the University for the information recipient of the National Medal of Science age.” The Corporation has been asked in technology); Harvey V. Fineberg, for- 1957 Harvard Student Agencies is to authorize a new Harvard network mer Harvard provost and now president founded “to assist financially that will introduce, among other things, of the Institute of Medicine; Susan Gra- needy students… “state-of-the-art tele- ham, Chen distinguished professor of phone service.” electrical engineering and computer science at Berkeley and past president of the Board of Overseers; and Thomas E. Everhart, president emeritus of California Institute of Technology, who was also an Overseer. An afternoon panel will be moderated by FAS dean Michael D. Smith, who is McKay professor of computer science and electrical engineering in SEAS. For a detailed schedule on their presentations and the panel discussions on engineering education, engineering research, and engineering in the wider world, visit www.seas.harvard.edu/highlights/- celebrations.html.

Illustration by Mark Steele JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

dowed chair can have that sum matched of the University Development O∞ce, are Scholarly Sale with $1 million from the fund, meeting a professorship in South Asian studies, a The $50-million challenge fund estab- the price for naming a Harvard professor- joint appointment in child health and de- lished by the University Development Of- ship. Donors who give $1.5 million toward velopment at the schools of education fice in February 2006 to stimulate the en- a faculty-development fund (which and of public health, and a neuroscience dowment of professorships has, through schools can use for junior-faculty salaries, chair at Harvard Medical School. Devel- early July, yielded 16 endowed professor- research support, the expense of fitting opment o∞cers at the schools are ships and 6 faculty-development funds— up a laboratory, graduate-student sup- “pleased,” Cashion said, because the chal- about double the usual level of such support, or other essentials of maintaining a lenge fund represents “an enormous op- port. Beyond that “heartening” absolute faculty position) can qualify for $500,000 portunity to talk to their donors about result, Robert Cashion, acting vice presi- of matching money. The hope, over time, the importance of the faculty and the dent for alumni a≠airs and development, was to encourage endowing as many as 40 teaching and research they undertake” as said the challenge fund has benefited many new professorships and perhaps half that a principal University priority. parts of the University, as its founders in- many development funds; the experience Named financial-aid funds do not re- tended. so far is tracking that projection. quire such large gifts, Cashion said, and of Under the terms of the challenge, Among the chairs funded, according to course many supporters are already at- donors who give $3 million toward an en- Cashion and Sarah Clark, deputy director tracted to making a Harvard education more accessible to qualified students. By focusing attention on professorships, he The Arnold Arboretum antici- said, the challenge fund provides another pated closing a deal last Decem- way to talk about “investment in the ber to sell the Case Estates, its human capital of the University—pairing Arsenic and Old Lead 62.5-acre property (complete the best faculty and the best students.” with barn and two other structures) in Weston, Massachusetts, to the town of Wes- The timing and scope of the fund may ton for $22.5 million. But first the town “decided they needed to test some soils,” have proved especially important. It was says Robert E. Cook, Arnold professor and director of the arboretum. “What they announced five days before the resigna- discovered is that there are significant concentrations of lead and arsenic in the soils. tion of President Lawrence H. Sum- It was farmland—in particular, orchards—before it was given to Harvard in 1946. Be- mers—the culmination of a period of tur- tween 1900 and about 1940, the prevailing pesticide in use was lead arsenate, partic- moil that has delayed Harvard’s next ularly in orchards.” Its staying power is proven by its existence in the soils today. capital campaign. The budget of the Fac- The town put off the closing. Harvard conducted a detailed assessment of the lo- ulty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) has al- cation and severity of contamination. In a draft decontamination plan submitted to ready fallen into the red, in large part be- the town’s Board of Selectmen in July, the arboretum proposes to remove about cause of the aggressive expansion of its 8,500 cubic yards (13,600 tons) of contaminated soil and replace it with clean fill. professorial ranks (long a strategic goal The town and Harvard had until August 31 to decide whether the plan is accept- that is critical to teaching and to growth able. “It is our hopeful expectation,” selectman Michael H. Harrity was reported in the sciences and engineering), making early in the month as saying,“that they will clean up the site appropriately, and that it more urgent to attract support for we will buy a clean site when it’s done.” those new positions. Although Harvard The plan’s intent is to make the now-contaminated land suitable for unrestricted Business School has just completed a future use, including making safe seven single-family house lots that the town hopes $600-million campaign, and Harvard to sell, along with three others, to recoup some of the purchase cost of the entire Law School is engaged in a slightly parcel.The rest of the land, about half the property, would be retained as open space smaller drive, most of the other schools for public use. It is safe to walk on. have needs and ambitions similar to The contaminated soil would be hauled to an out-of-state treatment facility in FAS’s. The challenge fund, for which all covered trucks.Vehicles leaving the site would be hosed down with water to pre- schools except business and law are eligi- vent bad soil in tire treads from moving elsewhere. The work would take two to ble, is thus an important focus for three months to complete. fundraising while President Drew Faust The arboretum decided to sell the Case Estates, says Cook, because “we no longer assembles her new team of deans and had a use for it with respect to our mission, and an internal review at Harvard re- vice presidents and makes broader capi- vealed no other use at the University. As an asset, we felt it would perform better as tal-campaign plans. money than as land. Also, the town has long indicated a desire to purchase it.” Among the commitments made so far The arboretum priced the property at its value for residential development, and are 10 professorships in FAS, one in divin- then gave the town first refusal.The cost of the cleanup has yet to be determined, ity, two each in education and medicine, but Cook says it will be very substantial: “It means a lot less money for the arbore- and the joint education-public health tum than the $22.5 million we had anticipated.” chair. Clark said the Kennedy School of Government and the Graduate School of

68 September - October 2007 College Chief Concludes Service ported estimates of Harvard’s losses in Harvard College dean Benedict H. Sowood funds (HMC invested assets Gross, Leverett professor of mathematics, with it and other investment-manage- left his decanal post on August 31. He was Brevia ment firms founded by other former em- appointed dean for undergraduate educa- ployees) ranged as high as $350 million— tion in 2002, and then dean of the College perhaps 1 percent of the endowment’s in mid 2003, when value. Endowment the positions were returns for the fis- combined, osten- cal year that ended sibly to unify the on June 30 are ex- oversight of stu- pected to be re- dents’ academic, ported in late Au- extracurricular, gust, and further and residential clarification about life as the review Sowood may be of the undergrad- forthcoming then uate curriculum (visit www.har- began. With the vardmagazine.- new course frame- com for updates). work enacted (see Sowood’s assets “College Curricu- were sold to a lum Change Com- hedge-fund completed,” July-Au- plex, the Citadel gust, page 64), and Investment Group, implementation founded and run set to begin, Gross by Kenneth C. fulfilled his ex- Gri∞n ’89. pressed wish to limit his administrative HARVARD COLLEGE duties to five years. Along with changes Dean Benedict H. Gross Curriculum Chief in academic life (encouraging study completed his five-year Wolfson professor of Jewish Studies Jay M. tenure, as work concluded abroad, deferred concentration choice, on the New College Thea- Harris, master of Cabot House, will chair enhanced advising, and other measures, tre and other enhanced the new general-education standing com- plus the new general-education pro- student facilities. mittee of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences

gram), Gross’s tenure saw significant in- ROSE LINCOLN/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE (FAS). Harris, who chairs the department of vestment in facilities: a Lamont Library were recruited by Gross’s predecessor, Near Eastern languages and civilizations café, the new pub in Memorial Hall’s McKay professor of computer science and teaches a Moral Rea- basement, new dance facilities, the reno- Harry R. Lewis (and Quincy House mas- soning course in the Core vation of Hilles Library to make o∞ces ter Robert P. Kirshner, Clowes professor curriculum, has been heav- for student organizations, the inflatable of science, and his wife, Jayne Loader, ily involved in the Col- roof over the Harvard Stadium field, and the co-master, resigned August 1). lege’s e≠orts to revise the the reconstruction of the Hasty Pudding undergraduate curriculum Hedge-fund Hemorrhage building as the New College Theatre. during the past four years. ROSE LINCOLN/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE (Even as he acknowledged his faculty Sowood Capital Management, a hedge He and his faculty and stu- Jay M. Harris and sta≠ colleagues in the June 20 state- fund founded in 2004 by Jeffrey B. Lar- dent committee colleagues, to be appointed ment announcing his departure, he cit- son, formerly a top-ranked foreign-equity by FAS dean Michael D. Smith, must imple- ed students as the College’s “greatest portfolio manager at Harvard Manage- ment the eight-course successor to the Core: strength.”) Gross said his successor—to ment Company (HMC), collapsed during encouraging professors to create new inter- be chosen by Faculty of Arts and Sciences the last weekend in July and sold its as- disciplinary courses, and determining dean Michael D. Smith—faces an agenda sets at distressed prices when it could no which departmental classes will count for ranging from the curricular changes to a longer meet the demands of lenders who general-education credit. pending renovation of the undergraduate had supported its highly leveraged bond River Houses. The new College dean will portfolios. Consistent with past practice, Biomedical Gold Rush also need to appoint several new House HMC and other University o∞cials de- As Harvard proceeds toward construc- masters. All but one of the incumbents clined comment on the situation. Re- tion of its first life-sciences complex in

Photograph by Jim Harrison Harvard Magazine 69 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

Allston, planned for occupancy at the end feet of laboratory space (a significant tal decisions. While the results are being of the decade (see “An Allston Metamor- fraction of the size of Harvard’s proposed analyzed further, the o∞ce’s priorities for phosis?” November-December 2006, page Allston building) plus other structures, this academic year include new programs 66), with substantial investments in bio- thus securing an immediate, large expan- and policies on recruiting and retaining medical research and engineering to fol- sion of its medical-research capacity at a dual-career families; child care; and men- low, other institutions are pursuing simi- fraction of new construction costs. toring for junior faculty members. lar goals at a hectic pace. In June alone, Cornell’s Weill Medical College an- Sudan Stocks Patent portfolio. The University has li- nounced a $400-million gift from three The Corporation Committee on Share- censed a portfolio of more donors to build research centers and to holder Responsibility announced on than 50 patents for nan- recruit scientists, plus a $50 million gift June 29 that it would not require the otechnology to Nano-Terra to the university for genomics and associ- University to divest indirect invest- Inc., a company cofounded ated research. The University of Califor- ments (for example, pools of securities by Flowers University Pro- nia, San Francisco, a medical-research in exchange-traded funds and mutual fessor George M. White- and training institution, received a $150- funds) that hold stakes in companies sides, in whose laboratory million gift for clinical work on cancer whose shares Harvard Management the discoveries were made. George M. Whitesides and therapies. The University of Michi- Company cannot own outright. The The company will explore gan received a $50-million gift to support committee had previously directed that commercial applications of the technology clinical care, research, and education at shares of Sinopec and PetroChina, with business and government partners; STEPHANIE MITCHELL/HARVARD UNIVERSITY NEWS OFFICE its new cardiovascular center. And Yale whose oil activities in Sudan are seen as Harvard will receive royalties and holds an acquired a 136-acre facility from Bayer helping to underwrite the conflict in equity interest in the company. Other HealthCare in the communities of West Darfur, be divested from University patents, for discoveries with life-sciences or Haven and Orange, reportedly for about portfolios; in June, it proscribed direct biology applications, were previously li- $100 million; it includes 550,000 square investment in a third enterprise, Oil and censed to other established and start-up Natural Gas Corporation, which is companies a∞liated with Whitesides. under the control of the government of India. The committee also instructed Miscellany. E≠ective November 1, that third-party fund managers be ad- Rosenfield professor of obstetrics, gyne- vised of Harvard’s direct divestment de- cology, and reproductive biology Ben- cisions. For the full report, see www.- jamin P. Sachs, chairman of the depart- news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/07.19/- ment at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical 99-ccsr.html. Center, will become senior vice president and Nota Bene dean of Tulane University Faculty diversity developments. The 2007 School of Medicine, one report of the senior vice provost for faculty of many New Orleans in- development and diversity (see www.fac- stitutions damaged by ulty.harvard.edu) describes the results of a Hurricane Katrina. “[I]t JON CHASE/HARVARD NEWS OFFICE survey revealing that women faculty mem- will be a real privilege to Sean T. bers are “significantly less satisfied than help lead the recovery,” Buffington men” with Harvard overall and their spe- Sachs stated.…Associate provost for arts cific school, and that junior-level faculty and culture Sean T. Buffington ’91 has are much less likely than tenured profes- been named president and CEO of the sors to feel they have a voice in departmen- University of the Arts, a 2,300-student visual and performing arts institution in Phil- PLATINUM PLANT: The renovated adelphia. Bu∞ngton had offices at the Harvard-owned steam plant at 46 Blackstone Street, on the led the planning for arts Charles River, shown here, earned a and cultural facilities in platinum Leadership in Energy and Allston, and oversaw Environmental Design (LEED) rating, the American Repertory the highest ranking. Energy use in the 40,000-square-foot renovation is half Theatre, Harvard Uni- that of conventional designs, and water versity Art Museums, consumption is reduced by 40 percent. and Villa I Tatti.

Photographs by Harvard Graduate School of Design Design are both engaged in discussions to Young ’76 and Anne T. Young; and an ciation at Commencement on June 7, in his support new professorships using the anonymous donor. At least three of these capacity as Treasurer of the University, challenge fund. The faculty-development supporters had previously seen ﬁrst-hand Rothenberg noted in passing that the pro- funds have been created in FAS (three), the value of endowing a professorship. fessorship challenge was proving success- public health (two), and divinity (one). Fletcher created a University Professor- ful. He did not dwell on the details, nor Major supporters of the challenge fund ship now held by African-American stud- hint of his personal involvement. But no include Charles J. Egan Jr. ’54 and Mary ies scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. Flowers doubt his long career in ﬁnance (he is pres- Bowersox Egan ’55 and the Stanley H. and White created a University Professor- ident of Capital Research and Manage- Durwood Foundation; Alphonse Fletcher ship named in honor of his parents, now ment, adviser to the enormous American Jr. ’87; J. Christopher Flowers ’79 and held by chemist George M. Whitesides. Funds group of mutual funds) gave him an Mary H. White; University treasurer And the Rothenbergs had created two hu- appreciation of this new demonstration James F. Rothenberg ’68, M.B.A. ’70, and manities chairs. that even when it comes to a $4-million Anne Fitzpatrick Rothenberg; Brian D. Reporting to the Harvard Alumni Asso- professorship, people love a bargain.

THE UNDERGRADUATE Homes Away from Homes by emma lind ’07

hough i have two years left When I give tours, I talk about the school I felt empowered merely by my status before I bid farewell to Har- the way a proud mother might talk about as a 20-year-old College student. As I ex- vard, I stayed through Com- a slightly misguided but well-intentioned plained how the housing system had mencement this past June to child. Because I give tours through Har- changed radically since they had left Har- writeT for the Crimson and volunteer dur- vard’s information o∞ce, not through the vard, I joked about the former stereotypes ing reunion events. The day after gradua- admissions o∞ce, my usual audiences are of each undergraduate House and the tion, I was frenetically removing my life tourists, not prospective students. Thus, holdovers from that era that continue from the fifth-floor room in Dunster my chief responsibility is not to “sell” the today. House where I had lived during the two school, but to give a well-rounded ac- Yet even though I was feeling rather weeks after exams. The weather was count of its history and modern idiosyn- pleased with how well-informed I was, I sweltering, my parents had just driven in crasies. realized that, despite being able to use the from Illinois, and I was seriously contem- I chattered on and on to the thirtieth word “blockmate” with relative ease and plating throwing all of my clothes into reunioners about what it was like to go to speak about randomization, I wasn’t re- garbage bags and chucking them out the Harvard in the twenty-first century. I ally any more knowledgeable than the window when my computer chimed. A talked about the birth (and impending alumni I escorted. Though I am well desperate e-mail had popped into my in- death) of the Core curriculum and elabo- versed in speaking about Harvard—my box: “Tour guide needed at 3 pm for rated on the socioeconomic diversity fos- home today—so were they 30 years ago. alumni in town for their 30th reunion.” tered by the Harvard Financial Aid Ini- And by the time I come back for my thirti- Hastily I replied, “Sure, I got it covered.” tiative. When they asked how the re- eth—or by the time their youngest kids I find showing visitors around Harvard signation of former President Lawrence are filling out a FAFSA and a common a rewarding and often hilarious experi- H. Summers was received on campus, I app (the ubiquitous financial-aid and ad- ence. From the moment a tourist’s hand spoke about the pro-Larry protest I wit- missions forms required for Harvard ap- shot up to demand, “Where’s Cape Cod?” nessed outside Mass. Hall, articulated my plications)—I will be long past the era in the middle of my spiel, to my all-time frustration with the Faculty of Arts and when I can call Harvard home. favorite—“How many squirrels are there Sciences, and showed them the new Har- at Harvard?”—the hour I spend with vard College Women’s Center in the base- All college students have that mo- strangers makes me look at my school ment of Canaday. We had a long talk ment that surprises them and demoral- with fresh eyes. about how the Internet has shaped mod- izes their parents: the moment when they As corny as it sounds, I love giving ern college life, and they were surprised first refer to going back to school as tours because I love being someone’s when I told them that their own high- “going home.” I remember my mother “face” of Harvard: a formerly intimidating school kids probably had accounts on looking at me like a wounded animal. establishment that is now my home. Facebook.com. “How could you call that place home?”

Harvard Magazine 71 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL she asked. Yet Harvard’s idiosyncrasies— and a beachfront villa in Palm Beach, can home, then I am scared to see what hap- including my double bedroom (the size of all of these places be home? pens when I am forced to move on. If the a moderately generous closet), the cock- I was reluctant to move to New York, place I am supposed to call home no roach that jovially followed me into my mostly because it felt cold and unfriendly longer feels like home, and every other common room one night this year, and when I visited in January. But after three place is my home away from there, then beef fajita fettuccini (that culturally am- weeks here, I already feel it growing on maybe it’s true: you can’t go home again. biguous culinary experience served every me. “See, before you know it,” one of my so often in the dining hall)—have some- fellow interns told me, “New York is As students in the global age, we are how come together to make this place feel going to be your home away from home.” encouraged to travel, to explore, to plant comfortable and natural. Despite all of His use of the phrase startled me. roots and sow seeds and make connec- the patently un-homey things about Har- “Home away from home” implies that tions wherever we land. But the idea that vard, it is where I live. In the two years there is some place that reigns first in our we can have homes away from homes since I left Illinois, Harvard has shifted consciousness, some primary establish- away from homes by the time we’re 20 is from being my school to being my home ment that wins out in the home hierarchy, terrifying. How many degrees of separa- away from home. and that every place we come to call tion can we put between ourselves and our places of origin before our concept of home becomes so diluted that no place is ever really home, but at most a fraction? Last week, my best friend from high school came to visit New York. She still lives in our hometown. I was telling her about how it felt to be midway through college and what I wanted from the next few years of my life: to keep working in New York through this summer, to spend next summer research- ing in Africa, and to become a journalist in New York after graduation. She leaned across This summer, I am the table and said, working in New York City at a finance home after that original abode is only sec- “You’re never coming home again.” magazine. I research and write about bil- ond, or third—and so on to infinity— Sometimes I wonder if it bothers me lionaires, people who have homes across compared to it. more that I am drifting away from my the country and around the world. Some I assured him that Illinois was my home, or that my home is drifting away of these people jet from house to house, home, and Harvard was my home away from me. As hard as it was to imagine my- with or without their families. My re- from home. He asked what New York self without my home before I left for col- search has caused me to wonder: If all the was. And it hit me: It was my home away lege, it was even harder to imagine my money in the world can buy you a pent- from home away from home. home continuing to exist without my house in Manhattan, a ranch in Colorado, If Harvard is my home away from presence there.

72 September - October 2007 Illustration by Lisa Adams Far-Flung Fellows

Harvard Magazine’s Berta Greenwald Ledecky Undergraduate Fellows for the 2007-2008 academic year will be Liz Goodwin ’08 and Samuel Bjork ’09, who were selected after an evalua- tion of writing submitted by 30 student applicants for the position—the largest pool of candidates in the program’s history. The Fellows, who join the editorial staff during the year, contribute to the magazine as Undergraduate columnists and initi- ate story ideas, write news and feature items, and edit copy before publication. Goodwin, of Galveston, Texas, and Eliot House, concentrates in history and literature, with a focus on Latin America and North America. A Crimson executive editor, she spent the summer setting up a newspaper in a home for street children in La Paz, Bolivia. In previous summers, she has taught English in Panama and studied literature Liz Goodwin in Argentina. Bjork, of Minneapolis and Eliot and Samuel House, as well, is concentrating in chemical and Bjork physical biology. He has done a tour as a Let’s Go researcher/writer in Germany, and has written for the Harvard Book Review and the Crimson. Bjork is also involved in the undergraduate Writing Center, serves on the fiction board of the will work in a pediatric health clinic in Botswana during the fall Advocate, and is a violinist in the Harvard-Radcliffe Orchestra. and winter this academic year. The Ledecky Fellowships are During the summer, he worked in the laboratory of George supported by Jonathan J. Ledecky ’79, M.B.A. ’83, and named in Church, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School; he honor of his mother.

The typical narcissism of a teenager “take a few things she liked” from my not recognize the person sleeping in my barely fades when we get to college: visit- closet, I snapped. The idea that another bed, that I’ll go back to Harvard and not ing my freshman-year dorm room as a five-foot, three-inch, 20-year-old brunette recognize the people writing for the Crim- sophomore, I couldn’t help but fume who shared half of my relatives might ac- son, or the mascot of Winthrop House. silently at the four current occupants for tually replace me was crushing. Selfishly, I wish I had answers to some of the intruding on my life. That must have been I thought home was supposed to be wait- questions I’m asking. But I know that I’m the way those members of the class of ing for me whenever I wanted it: never already nostalgic for things I still have, 1977 felt as I led them around Harvard did it occur to me that things might and to be a 20-year-old yearning for the Yard, showing them the places they used change if I weren’t there. good ol’ days may be unhealthy, if not to live, telling them about the myriad downright twisted. More important than ways in which my school was now di≠er- My experience with the class of 1977 the physical places I’ve lived will be the ent from theirs. Had I been those men fol- marked the halfway point of my time at people and moments I take home (away lowing me around the paths they had Harvard. And however comfortable I feel from home away from home) with me. In walked on a decade before I was born, I most of the time, there are still days when “The Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas might have asked myself what on earth I feel as though I have just arrived and, Priest,” Bob Dylan sings, “What kind of this little girl was doing, giving me a tour frankly, just want to go home. As I wan- house is this…where I have come to of my own house. dered around campus early in June writ- roam?” He answers himself, reassuring I chose to go straight from Harvard to ing about graduation, it was hard to ig- the scores of young college students nos- New York this summer without spending nore the fact that the grins of the class of talgic for music from before their time: time in Illinois. Although this was my 2007 often masked apprehension and “‘It’s not a house,’ said Judas Priest, ‘It’s own decision—and something I was ulti- fears about the future. not a house, it’s a home.’” mately happy about—I was jealous when What are they scared of? What am I my cousin Rachel visited my parents, scared of? I’m scared that I’ll end up alone Berta Greenwald Ledecky Undergraduate Fellow went to “my” movie theater, shopped at in a big city, feeling as if I’m stuck some- Emma Lind ’09 is a history and literature concen- “my” mall, slept in my bed. When my where in between the places I’ve lived. trator in Winthrop House. She guesses that there mom confided that she had let Rachel I’m scared that I’ll get back to Illinois and are about a thousand squirrels at Harvard.

Photograph by Stu Rosner Harvard Magazine 73 SPORTS the goalie covered the severe angle, the scoring chance appeared to be lost. But Akpan wheeled quickly, shot low and hard, and the ball found its way beneath Powers of the Pitch the defender, past the goalie’s hand and foot, to carom o≠ the far post and into the net: 2-1, Harvard. Six feet tall, with an Two young stars have helped put Harvard soccer atop the Ivies. ebullient head of hair, Akpan trotted up the sideline in a long victory run, arms spread wide, grinning broadly at the ec- eep into the second half of Akpan ’10 took a pass from fellow fresh- static Harvard fans and a suddenly silent the NCAA soccer playo≠ man Chey Im at the top of the Binghamton contingent from upstate New York. game against SUNY Bing- penalty area. Loosely guarded for once, Several minutes later, a Binghamton hamton last fall, with the Akpan turned and sprinted onto goal, but forward appeared poised to level the scoreD tied 1-1, Harvard forward André as a defender closed down to his left, and score, with only the goalie to beat from 12 yards out. But Kwaku Nyamekye ’10 Ivy League Rookie came up swiftly from behind to of the Year knock the ball out of bounds and the André Akpan Binghamton forward to earth, ensur- ing a Harvard victory. It was the Crimson’s first NCAA playo≠ win since 2001, sending the team to southern California—where they lost, 3-0, to UCLA, the eventual runner-ups for the national title. During the 2006 season, in the centennial year for men’s soccer at Har- vard, the Crimson captured its first Ivy League Championship in a decade, and the first one for coach John Kerr, now in his ninth year at the helm. Harvard was the top- ranked o≠ense in the country during the regular season, averaging 2.58 goals per game, and had the three highest scorers in the Ivy League, as league Player of the Year Charles Altchek ’07, Akpan, and speedy play- maker Mike Fucito ’09 combined for 32 goals. Freshmen Nyamekye and Akpan were standouts, two of only four players to start all 19 games. “I think the new guys [the eight freshmen] integrated really well,” says Nyamekye, “And that showed on the field and really produced good results.” This year, despite having lost six seniors, including Altchek, to graduation, the team nonetheless looks well-equipped to defend. Akpan and Nyamekye will rejoin Fucito, mid- fielder John Stamatis ’09, and senior co-captains Matt Ho≠, a forward, and goalkeeper Adam Hahn. Nyamekye grew up in Geneva, Swit-

74 September - October 2007 Photograph by Fred Field Kwaku Nyamekye, a force on both defense and the attack zerland, where his parents, Kwado and later moved with Nyamekye and Gertrude Nimako-Boateng, his American wife, had moved from Ghana to work for the Bette, to Texas to raise United Nations, his father in the human- their sons, André and rights division and his mother for the inter- Adrian. There, under national service. The youngest of eight chil- their father’s guid- dren, he played for the International School ance, the two boys of Switzerland and a club team, C.S. learned the game. Chênois. Nyamekye sent his highlight (Adrian went on to CD—a staple for aspiring collegiate ath- play at Bowling Green letes—to Kerr who, in turn, dispatched a State University.) scout to watch him play in a tournament in “My dad owns an in- England. The report was favorable. door soccer arena and, On the field, Nyamekye appears taller when I was younger, he than his listed height of six feet, one inch, would set up boxes as perhaps because he wins so many head defenders, and I would balls, out-leaping and out-timing oppo- dribble in and out, nents. “He is a great reader of the game, shooting,” Akpan says. and rarely fouls anyone when he goes into “Unless there was challenges, ” says Kerr. “He also passes the someone to play goalie, ball out of the back with great precision.” I would just take shots In fact, Nyamekye came to Harvard as a from di≠erent angles. center forward, but when the team As a forward, I prac- needed stability in defense against Maine, ticed finishing [scor- Kerr tried him out at center back. “I rec- ing] all day.” ognized Kwaku’s sense of the game and He scored 111 goals his incredible heading ability,” Kerr says. —including three in “Within five minutes, I knew we had a his last game—for dominant center back who would solidify Oakridge High School, our defense right away.” And when he and starred for the needs to punch up the Crimson attack, Dallas Texans soccer club, which won two bining great skill with speed and power, Kerr now has a secret weapon. national championships. “We had a pretty drifting and gliding with the play, making “Coach uses me as an o≠ensive player solid team,” Akpan says: they also won the angled runs and receiving passes with a from time to time,” Nyamekye says, with Dallas Cup, beating the under-19 teams of soft touch, and then moving onto goal characteristic understatement. “When- Manchester United and Real Madrid, two with e≠ortless acceleration, looking to ever we’re down, he moves me forward of the strongest sides in the world. shoot or pass back for midfielders. “André and we play with three in the back, and The Greater Dallas area is home to a di- can make chances for himself and for oth- three up front.” Down by a goal with min- verse international community with a large ers, hence his 11 goals and 12 assists,” says utes left against Fairfield, Nyamekye population of Mexicans, Nigerians, and Kerr. “He also has the ability to hold the joined the o≠ense and, with an assist other recent immigrants, and its style of ball in critical situations and allow other from Akpan, scored the tying goal. Har- soccer play is dictated, in part, by the cli- teammates into the final third [the o≠en- vard went on to win in overtime. mate. “It’s very dry, very hard, so you keep sive end] of the field. He has the uncanny Nyamekye’s three goals with five as- the ball on the ground a lot” because it’s ability to be calm under pressure when sists during the season are high totals for easier to control that way, Akpan says. It’s a there’s a lot of chaos in front of goal.” a defender. “He’s one of the most athletic style that requires short, precise passes to National team coaches have taken note, players I’ve ever played with,” says his players’ feet, rather than the long, aerial at- inviting Akpan to try out for the U.S. friend Akpan. “There’s no one who’s tacks of many English and American teams. under-20 team. Not only was he the fastest going to beat him one-on-one. He just “Coach Kerr is one of the few coaches who player at last January’s tryouts in Florida, comes out of nowhere.” play that [short passing] way,” Akpan running the 40-yard dash in 4.6 seconds, Akpan grew up in Grand Prairie, notes. Compared to Texas style, that of the but he scored three goals in his first game, Texas, not far from Dallas, where the Ivy League is “more physical, and more against Haiti. Later, he took two Harvard hard, sun-baked earth is fertile ground long-ball,” he says. “I think because the final exams in Panama. “It was a tough se- for raising soccer players. His father, grass grows much thicker up here, so mester,” Akpan says, with a self-deprecat- Rockey Akpan, had emigrated from his there’s not as much [play] on the ground.” ing smile, but his schedule has hardly native Nigeria to Wisconsin to attend On the pitch, Akpan evokes his favorite lightened; this past summer’s “job” in- the University of Wisconsin at Au Claire, player, French star Thierry Henry—com- volved playing in the under-20 World Cup

Photograph by DSPics.com Harvard Magazine 75 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

in Canada. (The U.S. team beat Poland, pan’s father, immigrated to the United in o≠ the post. I guess it was more of a Brazil, and Uruguay before losing to Aus- States from Nigeria to attend university). prayer shot than anything else. I just kind of tria in the quarterﬁnals, 2–1.) There also Akpan’s personal highlights for the sea- got lucky.” Perhaps not: with great scorers, looms the possibility of turning profes- son? Winning the Ivy League title, of prayer shots have a sublime way of coming sional before his college career is over. But course, plus his two goals against Yale and to a peaceful rest in the back of the net. Akpan and his family value his education the game-winner against Binghamton. As david updike highly, and it would have to be something he remembers it, “There was a cross, and “very special” to lure him away from Ohiri the ball was headed out, and Chey passed it David Updike ’79, who played soccer at Harvard Field (named for Chris Ohiri ’64, the Har- in to me in the right side of the box. I took it from 1975 to 1977, teaches English at Roxbury vard soccer and track star who, like Ak- in too far, but I shot it ‘far post’ and it went Community College in Boston.

became the coach and assigned positions, Rugger Mothers designating a “pack” of contact-hungry The muddy, bloody, glorious origins of rugby at Radcli≠e forwards and a “line” of speedy, evasive backs. In rugby, forwards attempt to win I was a hooker at Harvard. It wasn’t Ph.D. ’84, a graduate student in English possession by forming a “ruck” and dri- what I expected from college, but I fell in and a rugby player. Jacobson Pinter, soon ving opponents o≠ the ball, or by securing with a crowd of foul-mouthed girls who to be Radcli≠e Rugby’s first president, the ball in a knot of players called a spent Saturdays brawling and trying to drafted Erickson as faculty sponsor and “maul.” The “scrumhalf” directs tra∞c in score. In September 2002, I joined the then postered the campus with flyers the pack and sends the ball out to the Radcli≠e Rugby Football Club, playing promising free beer to interested athletes. back line. The backs then try to gain ter- prop, flanker, and finally, hooker—the Louy Meacham ’85 recalls, “Word was out ritory by “skipping” the ball out wide, player who taps the ball to her team’s side on the street that they were looking for “crashing” back inside, changing direc- of the scrum. It was an opportunity I people who had one or two screws loose.” tion with switches, and faking their de- owed to the 1982 Radcli≠e team. Meacham says they drew “people who fenders with dummy passes. It is often This year, Radcli≠e rugby celebrates were a little o≠ the beaten track, but with said that the forwards decide who wins, its silver anniversary, which encouraged an incredibly fierce competitive instinct.” while the backs decide by how much. me to look up some of its founding moth- Merry Ann Moore ’84 recalls, “People Jeanne Demers ’83, who grew up players. The idea was actually conceived on were interested in women’s athletics, and ing full-contact games like “murderball” the sidelines of a men’s game in 1981. “I stretching the limits of what women’s with her brothers, was eager to play a got frustrated that women couldn’t play, athletics meant.” Funded in part by Rad- tackle sport. “Some women didn’t know because it looked like such a fun game,” cli≠e and eager not to be seen as (in Ja- how strong they could be,” she says. says Ingrid Jacobson Pinter ’83. “I was cobson Pinter’s words) the “Ladies Auxil- While the backs practiced dummies and moaning on the sidelines to a friend, and iary of the men’s team,” they wore switches, long “skip” passes and on-the- he said, ‘Since when did you take no for Radcli≠e red and black. run pop kicks, forwards fine-tuned their an answer?’ ” Most had never touched a rugby ball. scrum, a formation in which opposing The friend was tutor Paul Erickson, Mindy Fener of the local Beantown club packs “bind” (hold tightly to teammates in order to hit and push as a unit), crouch, and hit one another to win a clean ball. Fall Preview Nichols ’10, an all-Ivy defender who can With spring thaw, the team took the also shoot. The Crimson also boasts pitch, and on April 17, 1982, Radcli≠e was Women’s Soccer perhaps the best crop of new recruits surprised to win its first match, defeating New head coach Ray Leone, who came in the Ivies. MIT 10 to 6. to Harvard from Arizona State, leads Louy Meacham credits coach Fener the women booters into their fall sea- Football with the winning “try” (score) versus son; he is the third head coach in three Despite the departure of record-break- Tufts the following week. “We had no years, with predecessors Stephanie Er- ing running back Clifton Dawson ’07, idea what we were doing, but we were ickson leaving after one season and Erica the footballers remain sturdy. Much of faking it pretty well,” Meacham recalls. Walsh departing after a single, dreadful, last year’s stingy defense returns, includ- “Mindy was re∞ng. We were all the way 3-13-1 campaign last fall. But Walsh left ing all-Ivy cornerbacks Steven Williams down, practically in the try zone. The Leone some gifted young players, includ- ’08 and Andrew Berry ’09. The College pack was rucking the ball, basically moving the Ivy League Rookie of the Year, Sporting News service has named Berry ing it right up to the line. Mindy was star- Lauren Mann ’10, a goalkeeper, and Lizzy a preseason all-America candidate. ing at me, and I realized she was saying something out of the corner of her

76 September - October 2007 Radcliffe ruggers mixing it up in mouth.” For a football touch- the early 1980s down, the ball need only break the plane of the goal line; a rugby try requires that a player actually touch the ball down. As scrumhalf, Meacham was handling the ball when the forwards drove over. “Just touch it down,” Fener was whisper- ing to her clueless scrumhalf, “Just touch it down!” Mea- cham, so caught up in the still- novel game that she’d forgotten that basic rule, at last got the point and, as the ball rolled over the line, scored her first try. The women improved, and despite some memorable losses—in one thrashing, Rad- cli≠e underestimated their manicured, mascara-wearing Bridgewater opponents— chalked up several wins their first season, harness feeling was certainly something bara Tuchman ’33 wrote this magazine, in and enjoyed doing so. (Radcli≠e has since that a lot of us enjoyed about the experi- response to a piece about the new qualified five times for the collegiate na- ence initially,” says Meacham. “It was nice women’s club, “Is this imitation of the tional tournament, and won the national to be captains of our own leaky and scary foolish physical violence of men’s team championship in 1998.) “My God, it’s so ship.” sports what young women come to Rad- freeing for a young woman to have an op- Rugby is a sport of traditions, of post- cli≠e to learn? To find this activity to be portunity to run and tackle and breathe match socials and songs, so Radcli≠e the mood of Radcli≠e today at a time said that kind of aggression and release and needed a team culture. Bruised and to represent the supposed ‘liberation’ of exuberance,” Meacham says. “To me, muddy, they adapted men’s rugby’s chau- women is a development that leaves me as rugby is such an exuberant sport.” vinist lyrics while hanging around the an alumna of Radcli≠e very unhappy.” For “It was exhilarating and it was terrify- sideline keg of beer. Radcli≠e began every the most part, however, the first Radcli≠e ing,” recalls Jacobson Pinter, who played drink-up with a chant called “We’re All ruggers found remarkable acceptance and flanker—a position for a quick, ruthless Bastards.” That song would later be re- support. “[Tuchman] completely missed tackler. “It’s something you can do at placed by “I Don’t Wanna Be a House- why we were attracted to it, the team as- 1,000 percent,” adds eight-man Sheryl wife,” an anthem that rejected dishwash- pect,” says Pardo. “It creates a cohesive, Wilkins Pardo ’84. “And tackling, for ing and child-rearing in favor of the supportive community.” women, when you’d never been allowed world’s oldest profession. Although some None of the founding mothers still to tackle—it was just a blast for me.” team members objected, Pardo considered plays, though Jacobson Pinter recently Rugby remains the sole team contact singing a chance to appropriate some “not taught her 12-year-old son to tackle, and sport in collegiate women’s athletics— okay” concepts. “It was a chance to say, Meacham cheers her 9-year-old boy, a and unlike hockey or lacrosse, men’s and ‘Screw it, I’m just going to not be good.’ ” scrumhalf like his mother. She’s proud “to women’s rugby share the same rulebook. Merry Ann Moore directed debauchery see that fire in his eyes and to see the joy The physicality breeds a particular in- as social chair. “We were big into rituals in his being as he makes a tackle—and to tensity of teamwork. Like soccer, rugby is and chants,” she says. “We were con- think, ‘I know exactly how you’re played continuously, without downs, so stantly making hachimakis [Japanese head- feeling.’” the ball is live after a tackle. This de- bands] out of toilet paper.” Moore orga- The future? “We have plans for the mands both improvisation and communi- nized a lobster boil to rival the rugby Radcli≠e Rugby retirement home,” Mea- cation, and means that a ball-carrier must men’s pig roast and held fundraisers at cham assures me, “with on-site masseuses trust her teammates to run “in support,” the Piccadilly Filly, in Harvard Square, and rocking chairs.” I tell her I can’t wait. ready to receive a pass, or ruck if she gets which allowed Radcli≠e to host beer- jenny davis tackled. Furthermore, club-status inde- drinking contests at the bar and peeing pendence brought the Radcli≠e team contests in the ladies’ room. Jenny Davis ’06 is a freelance writer and club closer. “The piratical, not-in-the-varsity- Not everyone approved. Historian Bar- rugby player who lives in Manhattan.

Photograph by Jim Harrison Harvard Magazine 77 ALUMNI independence for both environmental and national-security reasons; revamping the healthcare system built during the industrial era; and dealing with the prob- “We Need a Win” lem of skyrocketing entitlement costs, such as Social Security and Medicare. Politicians with perspective “Those are four huge challenges that are all amenable to bipartisan consensus,” he says. Whether U.S. leaders will be able to Editor’s note: More people than ever be- It’s ugly, but oftentimes it works.” build that consensus is an open question, fore seem to be seeking the U.S. presidency. And herein lies an essential conundrum but one that he works on steadily today. Rather than profile alumni who are run- of the early twenty-first century. The De- Mehlman traces his interest in politics ning for o∞ce, we asked Garrett Gra≠ ’03 mocratic and Republican parties, Mehl- to some of his earliest memories. Born in to talk with two Harvard graduates who man argues, have solved some of the most 1966, he came of age under Ronald Rea- have decided to step back from front-line pressing issues of the last generation, but gan; he found inspiration in the former politics—at least for the moment—about haven’t yet outlined their future paths. The actor and wrote him letters o≠ering ad- the challenges facing the nation and what GOP saw its central mission as defeating vice. After graduating from Franklin and the 2008 elections may bring. the Soviet Union, reducing tax rates and Marshall, on whose board he now sits, crime, and reforming welfare. Democrats Mehlman attended Harvard Law School, Baltimore native Kenneth Mehlman, focused on preserving the tenets of the where he jokes that he made a lot of ene- J.D. ’91, sees the complicated politics fac- New Deal, protecting the poor, and ex- mies when Michael Dukakis’s 1988 presi- ing the United States every time he visits panding civil rights. The uncertainty both dential campaign engulfed the largely lib- his beloved Chesapeake Bay. Once pol- parties face in forming new goals helps fuel eral-leaning school. luted and dying, the bay now teems with what Mehlman sees as alarming levels of After law school, he got a job at a boats and aquatic life. “It’s alive,” explains partisanship in Washington. “This ought Washington, D.C., firm known for its bi- the Karl Rove protégé and former head of to be a period of incredible optimism for partisan ties at the highest levels of poli- the Republican National Committee. America,” he adds. “Both parties in their tics, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, “The left doesn’t want to admit it because modern form have accomplished what where he practiced environmental law, they want to say the sky is falling, and the they set out to accomplish. Now they’re specializing in cases in which property right doesn’t want to admit it because fighting, yet there are a lot of new things lost value because of environmental re- they don’t want to admit that regulation they have to accomplish.” strictions. “I’ve always been interested in got it there. This is an example of how As Mehlman sees it, the political focus public service and policy,” he says, “and I our public policy—the back and forth— should be on winning the war against ter- wanted to find a place to go that would sometimes is like sausage-making. ror and Islamist fascism; achieving energy expose me to a serious law practice and also allow me the chance to serve in gov- Kenneth Mehlman ernment at some point, and this was the perfect place to do that.” He found, though, that he was spending an increasing amount of time volunteering on political campaigns, including William Weld’s Massachusetts gubernatorial run and George H.W. Bush’s 1992 reelection bid. After only three years at Akin Gump, Mehlman joined the legisla- tive sta≠ of a Texas congressman, the first of several jobs on Capitol Hill. He joined the George W. Bush campaign in 1999 to work in the Iowa caucuses, and quickly rose to work closely with Karl Rove. He was named White House political director after Bush was inaugurated in 2001, and later was tapped to head the 2004 reelection campaign. Well-known as highly organized, detail-oriented, and “on message” at all times, Mehlman by nearly everyone’s ac-

Photograph by Brooks Kraft/Corbis Mark Warner count put together perhaps the most for- midable campaign apparatus ever assembled in American politics. Working closely with Rove, he relied on technology and on pioneering “micro-targeting” work by the GOP—the use of readily available consumer data to locate possible Republi- can voters. By combining that research with extensive volunteer networks and millions of voter “contacts,” he helped push Bush’s reelection victory total to more popular votes than had ever been cast for a president before. “We built a 1.4-million-volunteer database so that teachers knocked on the doors of teachers to talk about education,” he says. “That’s far more e≠ective than any television ad.” After the election, he became chair of the Republican National Committee (RNC). Yet his party was plagued by the wors- ening war in Iraq, the aftermath of Hurri- politics and public service when he first “We realize we constantly have to im- cane Katrina, and repeated corruption arrived at Akin Gump some 15 years ago, prove, evolve, and make ourselves better.” scandals in Congress. “The biggest thing I much of his work today in both sectors is hope [the GOP] learned from ’06 was that focused on addressing changes needed for Former Virginia governor Mark Warner, we don’t have an entitlement to power,” the country’s future. He’s involved in Ed J.D. ’80, has always been a big-ideas guy. he asserts. “Campaigns are 5 percent of it. in ’08/Strong American Schools, a non- After law school, he made a fortune in the The other 95 percent is what you do in of- partisan campaign backed by Rockefeller emerging cell-phone industry and then fice.” For his part, Mehlman strove to Philanthropy Advisors and the Broad and spent much of the 1990s as a venture capi- widen the party’s appeal, even convincing Gates Foundations that will pour $60 talist in northern Virginia’s technology Bush to address the annual convention of million into the 2008 race to focus on edu- corridor. Today, with the presidential elec- the NAACP for the first time in his presi- cation. He’s also working with the Hope tion little more than a year away—and dency. “We’re too reliant on white guys,” Street Group, an organization of business continued speculation that he will be Mehlman explains. “We need to be a and political leaders focused on creating tapped as a vice-presidential nominee—he party that welcomes all, that goes out of economic opportunity. There are major wants to see some new big ideas. Voters, he the way to welcome all.” (This philosophy challenges ahead, Mehlman says, but says, are looking for “a leader who’s willing of inclusion may be related to the allega- nothing that the U.S. political system to do not the incremental fix, but the big tions, heard since his White House career can’t solve given time, inspiration, and fix, the Rooseveltian fix. They want a began, that he is gay; Mehlman himself leadership. “Washington will be able to leader who won’t be afraid of the future.” has repeatedly stated that he does not feel [solve these problems]—the question is At one time, Warner might just have obliged to address such questions.) whether the current people in Washing- been that figure. But a year ago he chose Earlier this year, he voluntarily stepped ton can,” he asserts. “If they can’t, they’ll not to run for president, placing time down as RNC chair and returned to Akin be removed and others will.” with his family—his wife and three Gump, mixing private practice and public Mehlman also sits on the board of the teenage daughters—above his political policy once again. Although neutral thus Washington, D.C., Martin Luther King Jr. ambition. As he sought the counsel of far in the 2008 presidential race, he’s giving National Memorial Project Foundation, others who had faced similar decisions, he confidential advice to friends on all sides. which plans to put a monument to the says he was told, “If you can live with Two doors down from his o∞ce in the civil-rights leader on the National Mall, yourself not doing it, you should probably firm’s Dupont Circle building is founding near where King delivered his 1963 “I not do it.” Still, stepping back was hard partner Robert Strauss, who served as Have a Dream” speech. He cites King as for a man who has always sought to be at chair of the Democratic Party during the one of the most influential and inspiring the center of political debate—and for 1970s. Mehlman and Strauss have regularly leaders of the twentieth century for forc- whom the current crop of candidates lunched together in recent years and ing America to confront its history of often falls short. Mehlman even introduced Strauss to a ris- racial bigotry. “Our nation was never a Politics has been Warner’s focus ever ing star in the Democratic Party: his law- perfect nation and still isn’t, but what is since an eighth-grade teacher inspired school classmate Barack Obama. so great about America is that we don’t him to work for social and political Just as Mehlman hoped to experience believe we’re perfect,” Mehlman says. change during the turbulent year of 1968.

Photograph by Charlie Neibergall/Associated Press Harvard Magazine 79 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL

ramped up traditional alumni access points, such as Harvard Ringing in the New clubs, class and reunion activities, and its continuing education and travel programs. It will also continue to develop more sharply tar- As a new presidential administration moves into Massachusetts geted alumni activities, in line with the rapidly growing number of Hall, the Harvard Alumni Association (HAA) is also taking on shared interest groups (known as SIGS); the newest groups in- challenges under its new president, Jonathan L.S. Byrnes, D.B.A. clude Harvard Student Agencies Alumni, Women’s Leadership ’80. “The theme of this coming year will be ‘Creating a New Project Alumni Network, Native American Alumni of Harvard Era,’” he says. The University itself has new deans coming on University, Harvard South Asian Alumni Alliance, and Harvard Vet- board, is busy building the Allston campus, and is increasing co- erans Alumni Organization (see “Radcliffe and Other Shared In- ordination among its many “tubs,” he notes. In addition, he terest Groups,” January-February, page 82, or visit http://post.- points to Harvard’s changing student demographics and says the harvard.edu/harvard/clubs/html/SIGdir.html for details). HAA must analyze both its current and its future alumni base Two other initiatives are also underway, according to Byrnes. and develop better ways to engage an increasingly diverse group First, the HAA will develop more systematic information about of people living throughout the world. “As with any organiza- what kinds of programming and activities appeal to which seg- tion, there are an infinite number of worthy things to do, but ments of the alumni population.This has entailed some organizational changes. One of the HAA’s Jonathan L.S. Byrnes three vice presidents will now be in charge of “engagement and marketing,” and two committees have been redefined to report to that person: the Graduate Schools Committee, which Byrnes has chaired, will become the University-wide Alumni Outreach Committee, and the Com- munications Committee will become the Engagement and Marketing Com- mittee. Also on tap are efforts to bring Harvard’s history and “shared alumni experience more directly to the student body on campus,” he explains. “As Harvard draws increasingly from new demographic segments to enrich and diversify the student body, it is increasingly necessary to communicate to students earlier the lifelong benefits of being an engaged, active alumna or alumnus.” you can only do so many things and you have to find the sweet He began this process with his younger son, Steven ’07, spots,” he explains.“We’re trying to enrich our offerings, so we whom he addressed, with his classmates, as imminent alumni can offer more things to attract more people to Harvard.” during a speech on Class Day in June. “For the rest of your life It is the perfect task for Byrnes, who enjoys a career that you will not just be from Harvard, you will be a part of Har- “combines teaching, research, and direct involvement in business vard,” he told members of the senior class. “And there is some- innovations.” The senior lecturer at MIT teaches courses such thing very deeply meaningful about being part of something as “Case Studies in Logistics and Supply Chain Management” larger than yourself that will endure beyond your years.” and has guided major companies through large-scale organiza- He spoke from personal experience. In addition to his work tional changes and strategic repositioning. He also runs a con- for the HAA, he has served more than 15 years as a Harvard sulting firm, Jonathan Byrnes & Company, in Lexington, Massa- Business School (HBS) class secretary, for five years on the chusetts, where he lives with his wife of more than 30 years, HBS Alumni Association’s board of directors, as vice president Marsha (their two sons are grown). “My specialty is…helping of the Harvard Club of Boston, and as a member of Harvard’s [businesses] understand what customers want and how to fulfill Advisory Committee on Shareholder Responsibility. Harvard, [those needs],” he explains.“And that ties into what we’re trying he says, helped him develop a deep knowledge base and offered to accomplish this year at the HAA.” up a circle of “friends for life….What could be better?” To better position itself for the future, the HAA has already n.p.b.

80 September - October 2007 Photograph by Fred Field He grew up in Indiana and Connecticut, driver pulled over to ask, “Is that a bibli- Because Virginia allows its governors but applied only to colleges in Washing- cal reference?” to run again, but not to succeed them- ton, D.C. While attending George Wash- Following the loss, Warner retired to selves, Warner knew from the moment he ington University (he was the first in his his Alexandria venture-capital firm, Co- entered o∞ce that the clock was ticking family to graduate from college), he in- lumbia Capital, and got involved in pro- down on his four-year term. He con- terned on Capitol Hill, riding his bike jects around the state that kept his confronted a softening economy and financial over early in the morning to open mail for tacts and networks alive for another chaos, including a state deficit that a series of Connecticut representatives. campaign. Among other things, he set up soared from $700 million to $3.8 billion. Next came Harvard Law School (HLS), programs to help students learn com- He soon became known as the “Power- where classmates remember him as every- puter skills and, as the dot-com boom of Point governor” for his tireless jawboning body’s friend and where he was recruited the late 1990s took o≠ in Northern Vir- across the state with charts, graphs, and to coach the school’s first women’s intra- ginia, he developed a website to help se- presentations. His e≠orts resulted in a mural basketball team. The school for him nior citizens navigate healthcare choices. budget deal with the Republican-domi- was less about lawyering—he jokes that In 2001, stepping into a political void, nated legislature that raised taxes and he was not a natural lawyer and so was Warner ran for governor at a time when added reforms to close the deficit without the only member of his class not to receive Democrats did not hold a single state- severe budget cuts. The money, he as- a job o≠er from either firm he worked for wide o∞ce. To the surprise of nearly serted, preserved the state’s coveted AAA one summer—and much more about everyone, he won by a narrow margin, bond rating and paved the way for forming friendships. “Our class was more thanks to aggressive outreach to sports- record-setting investment in the state’s cohesive than others, and in part that was men and rural Virginians in the south- K-12 educational system. really Mark’s influence,” explains Helen western corner of the state, where he was By the time he left o∞ce in 2006 (leav- Marinak Blohm, J.D. ’80, who played on helped by a bluegrass theme song and a ing matters to his hand-picked successor, that basketball team. “He would often be NASCAR truck sponsorship. The nation Timothy Kaine), Warner was wildly pop- the one planning the party, getting the was grappling with the recent shock of ular across the state. He had helped to in- group together, or doing social things that September 11; Warner had watched the stall a massive broadband network for made us seem more connected to each Pentagon burn from the roof of his cam- rural areas and to revitalize the state’s other.” To this day, some of his closest paign headquarters. economy and government; during his friends, including top adviser Howard Gutman, now a partner at Williams & Connolly, are old HLS classmates. Back in Washington after graduation, Aloian Scholars working for the Democratic National Committee as a fundraiser, Warner ob- Matthew Drazba ’08, of Kirkland served the plight of candidates burdened House, and Ana Vollmar ’08, of by large campaign debts and decided to Dudley House, are this year’s David secure his financial future before entering Aloian Memorial Scholars.They are public life. His first two ventures failed, to be honored at the fall dinner of but his third, buying and trading spec- the Harvard Alumni Association in trum licenses—the airwaves upon which October. Matthew Drazba and Ana Vollmar cell-phone calls are transmitted—earned Established in 1988 in honor of him an estimated $200 million. David Aloian ’49, a former HAA executive director and master of Quincy House, the His reentry into politics, managing a scholarships are awarded to two seniors who have made unique contributions to gubernatorial bid for Virginia’s Douglas their Houses and to undergraduate life. Wilder, came just months after he nearly Drazba, of Pinole, California, was a House liaison officer to the department of ath- died of a burst appendix while he and his letics and organized Kirkland’s entries for the College’s annual intramural competi- wife, Lisa Collis, were on their honey- tion, leading the House to win the Straus Cup. His work in the theater prompted a moon in 1989. Wilder won the race and revival of Kirkland’s annual “Shakespeare Night.” And his involvement with the Insti- Warner took over the state party, making tute of Politics helped bring speakers to the senior common room events. more friends and building a network that Vollmar, of Hamden, Connecticut, was a liaison to the Dudley Faculty Fellows pro- launched him into the 1996 U.S. Senate gram, which brings undergraduates closer to faculty members outside the classroom, race against the popular Republican in- largely through dinners. As maintenance steward at the Dudley House Cooperative cumbent, John Warner. Warner versus in Cambridge, she put in extra hours to help restore operations there following a fire Warner was not particularly close, but last fall. Moreover, she took a lead role in creating a fully productive vegetable garden Warner still laughs about the time he was at the co-op, purchasing seed and topsoil and offering instruction to housemates on campaigning in southern Virginia with tilling and planting. signs that read “Mark not John,” and a

Photograph by Justin Ide/Harvard News O∞ce Harvard Magazine 81 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL tenure, Virginia was named one of the tion in their minds. If you’ve got so much country for the future. “The political class two best-managed states in the country confidence that you think you’re ab- in this country has gotten institutionally by Governing magazine. solutely the right person, absolutely capa- conservative about being willing to o≠er He had also set himself up for presiden- ble, I’m not sure that’s the best criterion.” challenging ideas, big ideas, but I think tial-level politics. Much of 2006 was spent These days, Warner has again retreated people are ready for a bigger idea,” he ex- on his undeclared campaign, which in- from front-line politics to figure out his plains. “They expect national leaders to call cluded building a sta≠ of 40, raising some future. Back at Columbia Capital, he is in- them to some greater purpose—in con- $10 million, and traveling extensively: volved in a myriad of causes, committees, junction with government—to see if we throughout small towns in Iowa, New and task forces looking at the emerging can get some of our problems fixed. We Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina, challenges of this century. He has been need a win. The country needs a win. They and to fundraisers in New York and Cali- weighing whether to run for the U.S. Sen- need to feel proud of the direction our fornia. But the thought of the road ahead ate in 2008 (which would likely take him country is going.” garrett m. graff and the time away from his daughters out of the vice-presidential running, be- was daunting, he says now, and in the cause it would be hard for Virginia De- Garrett M. Gra≠ ’03 is editor at large at Wash- end, he decided he could live without the mocrats to find a new Senate candidate ingtonian magazine, where he covers media and presidency. just months before the election), or possi- politics. His first book, The First Campaign: A year later, he is not sure he made the bly to run for governor again in 2009. Globalizaton, the Web, and the Race for right decision. The scope of the presi- Whatever the next year or two may the White House, will appear this December. dency is so huge, he said in a recent inter- bring, Warner’s not ready to exit the politi- In 2002-2003, he served as one of this magazine’s view, the challenges and decisions made cal debate. He’s anxious to see the nation’s Berta Greenwald Ledecky Undergraduate Fellows. in the Oval O∞ce so monumental, that leaders address the looming issues of glob- “I’m not sure that you don’t want some- alization and technology, and knows that one with some ambivalence or some ques- major changes will be needed to ready the

Justice, On Line

Starting September 19, alumni around the world can log onto one of the College’s most popular courses: Moral Rea- soning 22, “Justice,” with Bass professor of government Michael J. Sandel. This unprecedented, distance-learning project was organized by the Harvard Alumni Association (HAA).“Justice Online” offers webstreamed video of the semester-long course (24 lectures) from last year, which may be viewed at home, along with “interactive elements, including an on-line discussion blog, in-person discussion groups in cities around the world, and, we hope, “Justice,” from Sanders some video-linked discussions among alumni participants Theatre to you: Sandel and Harvard College students taking ‘Justice’ here in and engaged students Cambridge,” Sandel notes. “If the technology works, we may be one step closer to creating a global classroom.” Alumni in Southern For further information on the course and informa- California are already tion about registration, visit http://post.harvard.edu/- registering for the class, sandel. In Boston, the HAA plans to launch the first class with according to Cynthia Torres ’80, M.B.A. ’84, president of the Sandel in person at “Justice Online: Reconnect with Harvard” Harvard-Radcliffe Club of Southern California. “Our alumni on September 19 at Sanders Theatre. A second, similar event could not be more excited about this opportunity to have dis- with Sandel is also planned for September 27 at the Harvard tance learning,” she reports. “In addition to taking the class on Club of New York. For further details, visit the website or call line, registrants will gather three times this fall to attend ses- 617-495-1093. sions conducted by trained facilitators or by Harvard teaching More than 20 alumni clubs are participating, including those fellows flown out from Cambridge to foster class discussions in Australia, Mexico, India, and Hong Kong.“It’s like taking a class with alumni,” she explains.“It’s an exciting initiative and one we together throughout the world,” says Philip Lovejoy, the HAA’s hope to see many more of. We hope other Harvard professors director of University alumni affairs. “It’s also an experiment, will be interested in broadening their educational mission to in- and it will be interesting to see what kind of response we get.” clude a wider group of alumni.”

82 September - October 2007 Video stills ©President and Fellows Harvard College fairs and community events throughout work—from interviewing and presenting Hiram Hunn Awards Southeastern Massachusetts and has had Harvard Book prizes to hosting young ad- Six alumni are to receive this year’s outstanding success in broadening the missions o∞cers visiting the region. In ad- Hiram S. Hunn Memorial Schools and pool of applicants from that region. She dition, he has helped his original mentor, Scholarships Awards, presented by the credits former dean of admissions Fred former dean of admissions Fred Glimp ’50, Harvard College O∞ce of Admissions and Jewett ’57, M.B.A. ’60, with inspiring her Ph.D. ’64, with the Harvard Campaign and Financial Aid. Hunn, a member of the to work with prospective students. the Harvard College Fund. College class of 1921, recruited and inter- Cynthia Morss Travis ’59, of San Fran- Roderick MacLennan viewed prospective students for more cisco. Travis has sought out talented Cali- of Truro, Nova Scotia. than 55 years in Iowa and Vermont; this fornians for two decades and was chair of Honored not as an alum- year’s winners, who are recognized for the Harvard schools and nus, but as the uno∞cial their work on schools and scholarships scholarships committee ambassador to the Cana- committees worldwide, have collectively for a decade. She strives dian Maritime Provinces, performed more than 165 years of service. to make the interview MacLennan has helped Roderick They are to receive their awards at an Oc- process comfortable for make it possible for young MacLennan tober 19 ceremony. every candidate, and has Maritimers to aspire to higher education Gerald Maslon ’45, LL.B. ’50, of Green- helped to train novice in- and has often provided generous support port, New York. Maslon has helped young Cynthia Morss terviewers in student- and supplies where needed. (MacLennan’s people from Long Island ﬁnd their way to Travis friendly approaches. own son, Bruce, is in the class of 1990.) Harvard for more than 25 years. He has Miriam Gerber Kaplan ’67, of Mem- interviewed countless undergraduates phis. Kaplan began interviewing in 1991 from foreign countries and a year later became chair of the local Alumni Colleges and diverse backgrounds, schools and scholarships committee, a po- The harvard Alumni Association o≠ers as well as di≠erent gener- sition she still holds. She has also made numerous opportunities for alumni to ations of candidates from valuable contributions to stay in touch with their alma mater. the same local families. college admissions in gen- Among them are a series of lectures, His interviews are char- eral by creating (with workshops, and educational/social acterized by warmth and Ann Indingaro ’68 and events. For additional information on Gerald Maslon care, as evidenced by his former senior admissions these “Alumni Colleges,” or to register for invitation to this year’s Commencement o∞cer John Harwell) a an event, call 617-495-1920, e-mail by the family of a senior whom he had in- videotape for high-school [email protected], or terviewed. guidance counselors on Miriam Gerber visit http://post.harvard.edu/travel and Peter Strauss ’54, writing e≠ective college Kaplan click on “Alumni College Program.” M.B.A. ’58, of Scarsdale, recommendations. On September 20, in Cambridge, author New York. As a volunteer Edward E. Poliakoff ’67, of Columbia, Gregg Hurwitz ’95 reads from and dis- for more than three South Carolina. Upon set- cusses his most recent book, The Crime decades, Strauss has in- tling in South Carolina in Writer. On October 4, “An Evening at the terviewed many hun- 1975, Poliako≠ created a Harvard Museum of Natural History” of- dreds of applicants from Harvard Club (of which fers a discussion with curators along with dozens of New York City Peter Strauss his son, Eli ’00, is now wine and cheese. And on October 25, the schools. He enjoys the range of back- president). Throughout director of career development programs at grounds he encounters, is gratiﬁed by the years, Poliako≠ has the Business School, Timothy Butler, pre- what the students he knows go on to Edward E. been active at all levels of sents information from his latest book, Get- achieve as alumni, and appreciates the Poliakoff schools and scholarships ting Unstuck: How Dead Ends Become New Paths. fact that his work allows him an insider’s glimpse into the city’s schools and their personnel. News From Belgrade Claire Pirani Russell The Harvard Club of Serbia celebrated the country’s new government—which in- ’55, of Marion, Massachu- cludes President Boris Tadic, a participant in a Kennedy School executive education setts. As a veteran mem- program, plus the deputy prime minister, Bozidar Djelic, M.B.A.-M.P.A. ’91, and the ber of the executive board minister of foreign affairs,Vuk Jeremic, M.P.A. ’03—with a month-long exhibition at of the Harvard Club of the National Library on Serbian-United States relations. A lively town-hall-style de- New Bedford-Fall River, bate with students and leaders was also held on June 30, according to club president Russell has been an active Claire Pirani Mary E. Black, M.P.H. ’90. The exhibition may be viewed at the club’s website, interviewer since 1981. Russell www.harvard-serbia.org, through next year. She represents the College at numerous

Harvard Magazine 83 THE COLLEGE PUMP

The Vernacular

ploration. He was making a revision of his borrowed gown, holding a stadia rod. A map of Harvard, and had been asked to fancy ﬁnial on the rod and a mortarboard make a border showing the insignia of the cap were drawn on. I probably appear, in schools and Houses. I was asked to col- this drawing, on as many Harvard publi- lect and draw up these insignia. The ma- cations as anyone!” terial that I was able to collect varied “Your wooden arm you hold outstretched greatly in format, and as some uniformity to shake with passers-by.” obviously was necessary, I went over to Widener and looked at some books on Sharp-eyed reader: J. Linzee Coolidge etty vorenberg recalls stum- heraldry. These told me that Radcli≠e ’59, of Boston, had his head snapped back bling over a “Harvard shibboleth” ought to be on a feminine lozenge and the by a “Personals” advertisement in the in the 1970s when her late hus- Divinity School in a pointed oval, which I May-June issue. “Bks” wrote in her ad band, James ’49, LL.B. ’51, former did. This lack of complete uniformity ap- that she is “Drawn to Vinylhaven, Posi- Bdean of the Law School and Pound professor parently did not please someone in Mas- tano, Lake Sevan.” Coolidge sent her an e- of law, was master of Dunster House. “Jim sachusetts Hall, however, and we had to mail advisory, which he showed to and I had left Dunster for the summer, ar- change them.” Primus for the typographical record. ranging that the courtyard be renovated LaMont discloses that “someone also “Dear Bks: The spelling error jumped with new plantings and circular paths,” she wanted a drawing of a student in the cor- out at me from the page and, please for- says. “We returned to ﬁnd that no work ner of the map (Harvard did not have so give me, I feel compelled to bring it to had been done. Jim called the planning many buildings then). I posed for this in a your attention,” he wrote. “The Maine is- o∞ce and was told that ‘circular land is Vinalhaven, not Vinylhaven. paths were not in the Harvard ver- Ouch! This is like wearing brown nacular’! A hasty re-drawing with shoes to dinner at 770 Park Avenue. straight paths allowed the work to This seemingly inconsequential begin, but the returning students mistake may cause a certain type had to slog through mud and of New England Anglo-Saxon male around bulldozers. Jim was furious.” reader to pass quickly to the next Robert LaMont ’49, of Lacey, personal ad. This would be the Washington, had his own brush pinch-nosed variety of Anglo- with Harvard regularity as an un- Saxon, whose nostrils can discern dergraduate. In the May-June issue the 29 kinds of fog that prevail in (page 67), this magazine repro- the waters east of the Cuckolds duced the shield of the new School bell. Included here would be mem- of Engineering and Applied Sci- bers of the Cabot and Saltonstall ences, which elicited a letter to the families, and anyone descended editor from LaMont. “The shield from President Eliot of Harvard. I took me back some 58 years,” he agree with you, though, for choos- wrote, “when I was studying caring Vinalhaven. We all long to be, tography under Dr. Erwin Raisz at to exist, in Vinalhaven; it is a place the Institute of Geographical Ex- for the more rugged of spirit, Detail: Robert LaMont as archetype where the eagles soar over long- on this widely circulated map. Note abandoned granite quarries.” the straight paths of Dunster House. primus v

84 September - October 2007 Image courtesy of the Harvard Map Collection CRIMSON CLASSIFIEDS

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Owner (33)553-22-49 or [email protected]. sociate Broker, specializes in fine homes and condominiums in the New Hampton, N.H. 200 Acre mountain top farm. Spectacular D.C. metro area. Call Hans today at 301-986-6405, or e-mail Hans@ views. Brook, pond, and pasture. Surrounded by thousands of Bahamas–Hope Town: New 3+ bed/2 bath; ocean/harbor/light- acres of conservation forest. Complete privacy in the heart of the WydlerBrothers.com. For more info or available listings, visit www. house views; steps to beach, village, public dock. Built by Cor- Lakes Region. $995,000. Go to www.newenglandmoves.com, WydlerBrothers.com. Affiliated with Long and Foster Realtors (301- nell ’72 engineer. $875,000. 617-500-4157 / 603-279-6606 / mls # 2662257 or call owner at 603-387-8869 or 617-448-1700. 215-6444 x6405). [email protected].

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REAL ESTATE FOR RENT PALM SPRINGS Fabulous 3-bed, 3-bath mid-century modern home Newburyport. Spacious, comfortable 1789 farmhouse. Heirloom- on a golf course. Gorgeous mount views, pool, tennis, golf, gourmet furnished, modern conveniences. 3 bedrooms, 2 1/2 baths. Bro- NORTHEAST FOR RENT kitchen, spa tub, wireless internet. $4,300/month. 917-432-9275. chure: 617-267-8565. [email protected]. Cambridge accommodations short-term, completely furnished, Martha’s Vineyard–Oceanview + Indoor Pool Year Round. 6 Br + 3 near Harvard Square, 617-868-3018. FOREIGN FOR RENT Br guest house + more homes. 617-499-7969. Bardylrealty.com.

Marblehead, MA. 4-bedroom, 2.5-bath, furnished house. Ocean- Paris, Venice and London apartments, French Country homes, Scot- Wellfleet waterfront. 4 bedroom 2 bath beautiful modernized cape. view from every room. Available Labor Day-late May. $3,000+/ tish cottages. www.PanacheRental.com, Panache 781-383-6006. Spectacular bay view. Secluded, large deck, internet. 310-557-9907. month. 781-639-0185. Paris (6th). Superb one-bedroom apartment located on Rue Jacob, NANTUCKET: DIONIS 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, 4 decks, views, min- Luxuriously furnished 4-storey Victorian townhouse on pic- one block Seine. Sunny, quiet. High-speed Internet installed. 508- utes to beach. Summer availability left, 7/9 - 7/20. 530-758-6659, turesque Rutland Square in Boston’s South End (National His- 748-0159, [email protected]. [email protected]. toric Landmark District). Enter to gracious foyer, stunning formal oval dining room, adjacent modern eat-in kitchen, ful- PIEDS-A-TERRE, PARIS: Quai des Célestins, 4th: Duplex/private Nantucket, ’Sconset. House sleeps seven within sound of sea. 978- ly equipped, 1/2 bath. Sweeping staircase to beautiful sunny terrace and/or next-door sunny duplex. Other listings available. Call 263-4658. [email protected]. bow-front living room, large library. Upper floors have two bed- 617-864-5174; e-mail: [email protected]. rooms, two full baths, office, den/TV/guest room. Direct access Fall Spectacular, Truro. Gorgeous tidal river view, deck riveredge, fire- to private parking. Private elevator. Also: central a/c, vacuum; SUBLET place, fantastic Cape season: quiet, pristine beaches. 508-349-2780. washer-dryer; cable, stereos, etc.; 2 computer stations with SDSL internet connection. Most elegant in-town living. Avail- CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, GORGEOUS LITTLE CASTLE. MAINE VACATION RENTALS able January1, 2008; flexible lease term. Owner: [email protected]; Beautiful, light-flooded, antique-filled. 20’ ceilings, fireplace, skylights, 617-859-8445. private parking. Loft-sized MBR. Every amenity. Perfect sabbatical re- Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor area. Private, fully furnished, 3- treat. January-June 2008. 617-512.4404. [email protected]. 4-bedroom home. Near ocean, lakes, hiking trails. Available by week/ Newark/NYC–1500 sq ft duplex apartment + loft/studio space + 550 month, year-round. $500-$1,100/week. No pets. www.brintonwood. sq ft deck in classic historic neighborhood townhouse around cor- com/acadia, 203-393-3608. ner from Newark Museum. Avail 10/1/07. New bathroom & kitchen. VACATION RENTALS $3500/month incl heat, utils, cleaning lady + 2 month security depos- Stunning Oceanfront Home Phippsburg, Maine. Phippsburg. On it ($7000). 973-699-6288 or [email protected]. MASSACHUSETTS VACATION beach, magnificent view. Sleeps 10. Avail. July 7-28, then Aug 26- all RENTALS Sept. Weekly. 207-389-2215. Sturbridge, MA. Lovely 1780’s farmhouse, 4 BR, 2 bath on 20+ acres next to Audubon reserve. Barn, garage, heated pool. 1 h from Bos, Oceanfront in Siasconset, walking distance to village center, 4 bed- BOOTHBAY HARBOR, ME.–”Osprey Perch”–Large Cape on 3 acres 2 1/2 from NY. Long term rate $2850/mo. Vacation rental possible. rooms, 4 baths, equipped with all amenities. Daily cleaning and con- 50’ cliff overlooking the harbor w/ beautiful waterfront views of islands, Call 617-491-0006. cierge service included in all rentals. Available June-September. Pic- working lobster boats & pleasure craft. Lots of privacy. Two houses: tures and rates at www.sconseteer.com. main house–5 bedrooms (sleeps 10), 5 bathrooms, fully equipped kitch- PROVINCETOWN ARTIST’S HOME: 1830s, renovated 1990, en/laundry, very large wrap-around porch with charcoal grill. Large liv- quiet West End. Monthly, September–May: 802-626-8134. Nantucket Town: Enchanting 19th-century studio cottage. Perfect ing room with wonderful fireplace (firewood included). Two hammocks, [email protected]. for couple or “a room of one’s own.” www.nantucket-pinestreet.com. slide/swing set. Decor–delightfully stuck in the ’50s. Interesting art. Pri- Lauri Robertson GSAS ’81. vate dock/float (suitable craft up to 40’). Guest cottage: two bedrooms OTHER U.S. FOR RENT (sleeps 4 comfortably, 5-6 uncomfortably in a pinch), two bathrooms, Martha’s Vineyard Secluded, airy, comfortable 4-bedroom home. full kitchen/laundry, small screened porch, fireplace. Both houses have Sanibel, FL. One condo on gulf, second condo with gulf view. Steps Access to Tisbury Great Pond and beach by boat. 541-488-0493 cable TV w/ VCR/DVD and linens. Can be rented together or separately. from beach and pool, 2 bedroom, 2 bath. Sleeps 6. 781-862-1256. (Oregon). $4,500/week high season for both mid-June through August. (Off season availability too: Large house-Apr.-Oct.; Cottage–all year). Contact 203-227-1001 or e-mail: [email protected]. Ibswbse!Nbhb{jof! NEW HAMPSHIRE VACATION RENTALS Squam Lake Classic 100-year-old “camp” with modern kitchen, 1.5 gfbuvsfe!qspqfsuz baths, 7 bedrooms, sleeps 12. Lakefront, large dock. Swimming, wa- terskiing, sailing, kayaking. July - Labor Day weekly. June, Septem- Tfqufncfs.Pdupcfs ber-October, 3-day minimum. 202-429-0829. [email protected]. VERMONT VACATION RENTALS

Vermont get away...wonderful farmhouse...fresh air...back roads... the good life! www.marshbrookfarm.com. 802-767-4252.

Newly Renovated House, Northeast Kingdom. Country road, 3 bedrooms, fully furnished, daily or weekly rentals, spectacular views, near lakes and mountains. 802-525-4456. NEW YORK VACATION RENTALS

Lake George, New York. (Huletts Landing) private regulation tennis court on property, 6-bedroom house, fireplace/wood stove, 660 feet of shoreline, boathouse, swimming dock, nearby trails, golf. $2,500 weekly, available August 25th to Colombus Day. 212-473-6740 or 518-499-0539 or [email protected].

Near Harvard Club. Private room/bath. Facing gardens. Most distinguished building. Single. Great rate. 212-758-5699. OTHER U.S. VACATION RENTALS

SANIBEL & CAPTIVA. Unique 1-8 bedroom cottages, condominiums, homes, & estates. Perfect for weddings and reunions. 1-800- 472-5385, www.Cottages-to-Castles.com.

SANTA FE, NM–Stunning Adobe! Historic eastside. 2+ bedroom, 2 [JPO!OBUJPOBM!QBSL/!Tfdmvefe!dbcjo-!tqfdubdvmbs!wjfxt-! bath. Incredible garden. Walk to everything. http://santafe_rental. sfespdl-!xijuf!dmjggt-!xjmemjgf-!xfflmz!sbuft/!723.747.:767-! home.comcast.net, 617-320-4911.

xxx/ebojfmqbsljotpo/dpn/ SANIBEL ISLAND. Spectacular Gulf-front 2-bedroom condo. Ground floor, sleeps 6. www.pointesantorentals.com or 518-785-9075. Up!ßoe!pvu!npsf!bcpvu!bewfsujtjoh!jo!Ibswbse!Nbhb{jof!dpoubdu!Fmj{bcfui! SAN FRANCISCO, Telegraph Hill. Charming guest cottage in ideal Dpoopmmz!bu!728.5:7.7797!ps!f.nbjm!fmj{bcfui`dpoopmmzAibswbse/fev/ location. One bedroom, kitchen, all amenities, nonsmoking. Weekly rental. 415-982-4850.

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HILTON HEAD Oceanfront home in Palmetto Dunes Plantation. 6 CARIBBEAN VACATION RENTALS Central Paris and London Vacation Rentals, many properties fully bedroom, 4.5 bath. Available September - March 2008. Pool and supported by English-speaking team – www.rentals.chsparis.com. spa overlooking ocean. 704-560-4399 or [email protected]. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. St. John’s most popular villa. 5-bedroom main house with 2-bedroom guest house. Private tennis, bas- BORDEAUX, FRANCE & NAPA VALLEY Two luxury wine villas for CARMEL, CA. Serenity and charm on Carmel Point. Walk ketball, pools, hot tub. Walk to beaches. Spectacular views. rent – two World Class Wine Regions! Exclusive wine tours. Come to beaches, Mission. 3 BR/3 BA. Weekly. 510-912-1980. www.GreatExpectationsUSVI.com. Owners 800-553-0109. experience the wine life. www.winevillas.com. carmelvacationcottage.com. Bahamas, Eleuthera. Beachfront villa or apartment. 301-320-2809. PARIS APARTMENT Heart of City on Ile St. Louis. Elegant Top-Floor SANTA BARBARA, CA. OCEANFRONT COTTAGE. 3 bedrooms, http://heronhill.net. apt w/elevator, updated, well-appointed, gorgeous view. Sleeps 4, maid 3 bathrooms, panelled library, gourmet kitchen, spacious master 3x week. Inquiries [email protected] or 678-232-8444. HMS ’55. bed and bath. Beautiful oceanfront garden, spa. Available Sept. 07 NEVIS. Two secluded, two-bedroom houses. Rent separately or togeth- through Jan. 08. $9000./mo. David Bisno, M.D. 603-653-0112. er. Monkeys galore. Beautiful garden and view. Call 617-868-5545. Burgundy, France. Luxurious 18th-century village house, Florida, Sanibel: 2 bedroom, 2 bath island cottage. Lush tropical TORTOLA, BVI: Three-bedroom house 60 feet above Long Bay Beach. part of historic château in Burgundian countryside. Ideal for setting. Nicely appointed, all amenities. Caged pool/spa/large deck. [email protected] or 646-526-7111. www.ewinghouse.com. biking, hiking, visiting vineyards and historic sites. Available year Walk to beach. Monthly/seasonal. [email protected] round. 802-453-7855, www.franceburgundycottage.com. or 239-395-1771. St. John, U.S.V.I: 3-bedroom, 3-bathroom, air-conditioned, luxury, oceanfront villa. Pool, hot tub, 270° view. $2800-$6450/week. 877- Paris, Provence & Tuscany: Luxury Vacation Apartment & Villa 512-2978 toll-free, www.andantebythesea.com. Rentals. Central Paris, Panoramic Views, Balconies, Private Gar- SANIBEL ISLAND, FLORIDA. Luxury beachfront full-floor penthouse dens, Internet Connection in all apartments Computers in most. Lux- condo, 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, private garage, roof deck, cabana. Jamaica. Montego Bay. Luxurious 4-bedroom/bath beachfront ury Concierge Services. All properties personally chosen & visited by Only 3 units in elevator building. Pool, tennis. Florida’s best beach, villa at Silver Sands Resort. Gorgeous beach. Snorkeling, ten- Haven in Paris staff. 617-395-4243 www.haveninparis.com e-mail: wildlife refuge. Alumni-owned. Royal Shell Vacations 800-656-9111, nis, fishing, sightseeing. Van/driver. $197-370/per night, in- [email protected]. web www.royalshell.com; e-mail [email protected]. cludes cook and maid. 860-233-6821; jamahome@hotmail. com; www.jamahome.com. FRANCE, DORDOGNE: Lovely fully equipped home with spacious MARCO ISLAND, Florida. Architectural Gem, Tigertail Beach. Mod- rooms in countryside overlooking Vézère River valley one kilome- ern, large, waterfront home, heated pool. High ceilings, luxury fur- ANGUILLA, BWI 4 BEDROOM CASTLE Brand New 7,000 s/f cliffside ter from village officially designated one of the most beautiful vil- nishings. Available seasonal, monthly. Nonsmokers. Owner castle for rent. www.grandoutlook.com. lages in France. Private two acres. 3 double bedrooms, 3.5 baths, 212- 878-1856; [email protected]. heated pool. For pictures, description, and rates, contact owner Costa Rica–2 neighboring homes with pools in Guanacaste available 847-657-8144. LONGBOAT KEY, FLORIDA–1 BR CONDO. Brand new total renova- together or separately. Sleeps 4-10. Visit: www.VRBO.com/74386 or tion. 3 month winter rental. On canal, gulf beach privileges across call 207-799-2651. Paris 7th. Fifth floor, quiet, alcove studio sleeps 3. Balcony. View Eiffel street. Tennis, pools, gym. www.bahnhome.com, 508-366-0052. Tower. Separate kitchen. www.parisgrenelle.com. 207-439-5169. St. John US Virgin Islands, Hillcrest Guest House. Naples FL 2,100 sq. ft. Penthouse + 2 lanais overlook ocean, 3 Three suites with ocean views. www.hillcreststjohn.com, PARIS APARTMENTS – Charming & luxurious to rent or buy. Proper- BR/3 BA, pool, sauna, exercise room, tennis, cable TV, under- 340-776-6774. ty Search & Consultation. Mortgages. http://www.adrianleeds.com. ground parking, 60 day min. rental, No Smoking/Pets, Apr-Sept FREE newsletter: http://www.parlerparis.com. Contact: $4,500/month or Oct-Dec $6,500/month, call 612-349-0402 [email protected], 1-310-427-7589. business hours/leave message. Villas by Linda Smith FRANCE Languedoc. Stunning views from rooftop terrace of charm- J A M A I C A JACKSON HOLE, Wyoming Reserve now for Xmas/New Year ski ing house in medieval village. Vineyards, beaches, castles. Sleeps www.jamaicavillas.com vacation. Spectacular mountain views from 3 bedroom 3 bath six. www.caussi.com or 212-595-8007. home overlooking protected ranchland. 202-338-8973; “Once you’ve stayed in one of Linda’s staffed villas, [email protected]. you’ll never go back to another vacation style again!” Paris 5th. Central, exquisite, sunny, quiet one bedroom apartment. private pools full time staff (chef, butler, maid) SUGARLOAF KEY, FLORIDA Writer’s retreat, fisherman’s paradise, http://apt.paris.googlepages.com. nannies & masseuses handicap accessible birders’ delight. Stunning, secluded waterfront home with private on or near golf & tennis water sports & beaches dock – 20 minutes from Key West airport. Three baths, three bed- PARIS-MARAIS. Renovated 17th-century, tri-level, top-floor, court- rooms. All amenities. www.keyswaterfrontvacationrental.com. “The best source for information yard apartment. Central, quiet, good light, exposed beams, hard- on rental villas in Jamaica is wood floors, fireplace, modern kitchen/bath. Sleeps 2-4. Nonsmok- Florida, Sarasota: Gorgeous condo facing bay, walk downtown, Villas by Linda Smith.” ers. Week/Month. 206-723-6538; www.acrossthewater.net. tastefully appointed. Pool, exercise room, 24-hr concierge, -Conde Nast Traveler garage. Sleeps 6. 2 BR, 2 BA, DSL, seasonal. 941-363-0925 301.229.4300 [email protected] PROVENCE. Delightful five bedrooms. Pool, vineyard. Tuesday market. [email protected]. Faces Roman theater. 860-672-6607, www.frenchfarmhouse.com.

CARMEL, CA. Charming spacious home. Great location south of France, Paris – Marais. Exquisite, sunny, quiet one bedroom apart- Ocean Avenue. Walk to town and beach. 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms. ment behind Place des Vosges. King size bed, full kitchen, washer, 650-854-7000, [email protected]. dryer. $950 weekly. 301-654-7145, [email protected].

SUN VALLEY, ID. Spectacular mountain view home at base of Bald PARIS/LE MARAIS: One and two-bedroom luxury apartments, Mt. in Warm Springs area of Ketchum. Swimming pool, tennis court, fully restored and elegantly furnished with modern conveniences hot tub. Short walk to lifts in winter. Valley bike path steps away. Five throughout. See www.bienvenueaparis.com for photos and details. minute drive to town. Seven bedrooms sleeping two each with full 919-928-9936. bathrooms. 650-854-7000, [email protected]. FRENCH RIVIERA. Luxury 2-bedroom beachfront condominium on Key West, Fla. Heart of Old Town. Stylish, tropical, secluded, quiet 2/2 Cap d’Antibes. 180° sea view, central air-conditioning, parking, pool, with heated pool. Christmas-New Years: $7,000. February, March, April dine on the balcony. [email protected], 617-522-2683. $9,000 per month. http://lingerieandcompany.googlepages.com/kw. FRANCE VACATION RENTALS Two one-bedroom apartments in same building near Sor- MEXICO VACATION RENTALS FRANCE: Distinctive country rentals–Dordogne, Provence and more! bonne, Luxembourg, and Notre Dame. King-sized beds, Paris apartments, too. Personally inspected properties, expert advice. charming. $850+/week each, available singly or jointly. HBS ‘80, MEXICO. San Miguel de Allende. Colonial, historic center, 5 bedrooms At Home in France. www.athomeinfrance.com or 541-488-9467. 800-537-5408, www.historicrentals.com. and baths, tastefully furnished, staffed. www.casa-san-francisco.com. [email protected]. France, Provence – Charming hilltop village of Venasque near France, Loire: Beautiful 17th-century Country Château, 6 bedrooms, Avignon. Restored medieval house with apartments owned by H Mexico, Puerto Vallarta, luxury estate accommodates 20. Stunning and Guest House, 4 bedrooms. Heated pool, tennis, 14 secluded ’65 alumnus. Rooftop terraces, sensational views. $485 -$1,125 per week views, privacy, staff of 6 with chef, pool, 4 Jacuzzis, US TV channels. (011- acres. Caretaker, housekeeping included, cook services available, period. Website: www.chezkubik.com. Padraic Spence, 413-298-4843. 52) 322-221-5018; www.casa-angela.com, [email protected]. much more. See: www.chatvau.com. Fax: 331-5624-1523.

Playa del Carmen, Mexico. Royal Haciendas 5-star resort, villa PARIS – Marais Elegant 17th-century 50 square meter, reno- Provence: Stunning updated farmhouse, magnificent Mediterra- available 1/5 thru 2/9/08 or weekly (2200). www.royalresorts.com. vated, 1 bedroom, 1 1/2 bath, brand new appliances/furniture, nean/mountain views. Antiques. Lovely kitchen, gardens, pool. 609- Contact: [email protected]. private courtyard, high-speed internet access. 978-371-0223, 924-7520. [email protected]. [email protected]. Akumal, Mexico. House on a beautiful lagoon where it enters the Paris, France. Elegant Left Bank apartment by the Seine, 6th ar- Caribbean, 4 bedrooms, 4 baths, servants. Swim, snorkel, dive in PARIS: Luxurious, elegant, 1,500 square foot, 2 bedroom, rondissement. Walk to Notre Dame, the Louvre and the Luxembourg warm, turquoise seas. Maya sites nearby. For information, photos, 2 bath apartment at edge of 7th. Sensational views of Eiffel Garden. Short- and long-term. [email protected], 609-924-7520. [email protected], 905-839-9706. Tower. Professionally decorated to American standards–amenities. Transfer from airport by chauffeur, apartment orienta- PARIS SABBATICAL? Elegant, sunny one-bedroom apartment 16th, MEXICO, SAN MIGUEL DE ALLENDE. Grand 2-bedroom home. Maid/ tion. Limit 4 with 5-night minimum. Jay Berry, 214-953-9393. 750 square feet, 6th floor, elevator, near shops, metro. Well appoint- cook. $895/week + tax. 212-929-5317, www.casariley.com. www.parisinstyle.com. ed, beautifully equipped for long stay. $990/wk. 941-363-0925.

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AIX-EN-PROVENCE, Cours Mirabeau, heart of town. Well appoint- Paris. Luxurious, sun-filled, large, belle époque, Left Bank apartment ITALY – ROME Exquisite designer penthouse, historical center, ed, 2-bedroom apartment, remarkably quiet, steps to shops & across from Notre Dame. Lovely details, unique recent renovation, enchanting terrace, living room, dining room, bedroom, library/ restaurants, garage. Perfect for exploring Provence. $990/week; fully equipped. Sleeps 5. Minimum week, $3,150. Call 617-491-0006. guest bedroom, 2 bathrooms, a/c, housekeeper – 212-744-7849 941-363-0925. [email protected]. www.madeleinegehrig.com/rome/. COTE D’AZUR, NICE, GRASSE Lovely townhouse, medieval village Venasque. Beautiful house, Provençal village. Large pool. Fire- Gorges du Loup, breathtaking views, 2 bedroom, 2 bath. $990/wk; Umbria Vacations–Captivating villas & charming farmhous- places, garden, terrace, central heat. Also inexpensive (325 euros 941-363-0925. es & romantic apartments throughout Umbria. www.umbri- per week) apartments. Owner (H ’54), 312-503-8426 or e-mail angarden.com, 866-406-2150. [email protected]. Paris, St. Germain. Lovely studio apartment on rue Jacob. www.lefanion.com/paris.html, telephone: 212-463-8760. FLORENCE, Palazzo Antellesi, and Siena. Historic center. PARIS & SOUTHWEST FRANCE: 2 bedroom Paris Wonderful apartments from Harvard alumnus. 212-932-3480, apartment in 13th Arr. near Bibliothèque Nationale. ITALY AND FRANCE. Picturesque villas and apartments, all www.florencerentals.net. www.relaxinfranceonline.com/ile/75001.htm. Restored personally visited, in desired locations. Enhance local flavor spacious stone farmhouse with pool N.E. of Bordeaux. with concierge services. 800-593-6350. www.villasandvines.com. TUSCANY, beautifully renovated fifteenth-century villa overlook- www.relaxinfranceonline.com/poitou/17010.htm. 603-924-9535, ing Lucca Valley. Pool. Easy day trips. [email protected], [email protected]. 802-388-1249. Paris Vacation Rentals France/Dordogne –16th-Century Stone Manor in Château Country. √(SFBU1SJDFT Italy/Tuscany – Ancestral Villa with sweeping views. Olive groves, Updated. Views, pool, vineyards. Alternative to Provence. Good Val- √ vineyards, gardens. Antiques. Updated kitchen, baths. Pool. 609- ue. 609-924-4332, [email protected]. -BSHF4FMFDUJPO 683-3813, [email protected]. √&YDFMMFOU-PDBUJPOT √ PARIS 7th. Romantic, sunny 1-bedroom duplex, lovely terrace–min- 1FSTPOBMJ[FE4FSWJDF Rome – Bright, Elegant Apartment. Marvelous beamed ceilings. utes to Musée d’Orsay & Louvre, fully equipped. Sleeps 3. $190 night. www.VacationInParis.com Antiques. Walk to Spanish Steps, Trevi Fountain. 609-683-3813, Week minimum. 617-491-0006. 1-800-403-4304 [email protected]. JUST FRANCE. Please review our portfolio of superior and luxu- ITALY VACATION RENTALS ROME CENTER: Beautifully restored, large two-bedroom, two-bath. ry properties, all personally inspected by our property consultant [email protected], 503-227-1600; www.romit.com. staff. Recommended by Condé Nast Traveler, Travel+Leisure, For- FLORENCE COUNTRY HOUSE on 54 scenic acres, $ 100 day. gganz@ tune. Rental and Sales. Exceptional country properties in Provence, comcast.net. Web: www.ganzitalianhouse.com. Tuscany and Calabria. Two uniquely beautiful villas directly by owner. Dordogne, Biarritz, Côte d’Azur, Loire, Burgundy. Amazing apart- Please visit: www.havenlink.com. ments in Paris. JUST FRANCE, 610-407-9633. www.justfrance.com. UMBRIA. Exquisite two-bedroom, two-bath apartment, Centro Stori- www.justfrancesales.com co, Todi. www.vicoloetrusco.com. VENICE. “Life in Venice” in your own 300-year-old palazzetto with a garden. Architect-restored, second floor with views of a friendly Venetian neighborhood. Two bedrooms, two exquisite baths, great kitchen, all conveniences. Maid service. Monthly rates available. HARVARD-IN-BUSINESS $1,750/week. 415-387-4033. Florence, Italy – Meticulously restored, perfectly located 1 A directory of alumni-owned and -operated bedroom apartment in the historic center of Florence. Fully equipped, A/C. Available weekly, monthly or semester. Photos on re- businesses and services quest. E-mail: [email protected]. EUROPEAN VACATION RENTALS

LONDON, COVENT GARDEN. Perfect for Art Lovers; walk to Theatre, Paris Private Concierge Opera, Galleries. 1 Bedroom, 2 Bath flat. 7night minimum. 202-338- 8973; [email protected]. Exclusive services in Villa Rentals in Tuscany, Umbria, France, and the entire Mediterra- e nean region. TUSCAN ESTATES, 978-453-7839 or www.tuscanes- We take the HEAT out of electronics. Custom Paris for individuals tates.com, www.espanaestates.com, www.provencalestates.com. thermal solutions for your equipment. Data Center hot spots eliminated...and...up to 30% and businesses IRELAND. Romantic 2-bedroom stone cottage, Dingle Peninsula. Uninterrupted sea views. All amenities. www.dunquincottage.com, reduction in cooling energy costs from our [email protected], 207-775-0313. patented micro-management of airﬂow. www.parisprivateconcierge.com [email protected] LONDON: Beautiful bright Covent Garden flat. Walk to theaters, museums. Queen bedroom, large LR with queen sofa bed. $1480/week, $2580/2 weeks. 212-734-3400. www.centrelondonflat.org. BED AND BREAKFAST Kelly Charlton REALTOR® ENGLAND. IRELAND. SCOTLAND. WALES. Countryside cottages and castles. Simple to elegant. Convenient LONDON flats. Lovely Seattle Residential PARIS apartments. Weekly/monthly. Call – AS YOU LIKE IT, 415-380- Real Estate 9848, www.asyoulikeitrentals.com.

Sftfswbujpot!jo!ipnft!dmptf!up!Ibswbse!Zbse/! London, superior apartments, vacation or long-term rentals, accom- Mvyvsz!bwbjmbcmf!mjlf!cspbecboe!Joufsofu!! modating 3-8, www.consortestates.com; +44 1923 257 535. bddftt-!jo.sppn!gby-!boe!npsf/!Sbuft!sbohf! Budapest Apartments–cozy luxury in center city–more than just a gspn!%86!up!%471!b!ojhiu/!! 206.920.6764 place to stay. http://www.bvr.hu. xxx/cfuujob.ofuxpsl/dpn-!911.458.:277/ kellycharlton.com SPAIN. Emporda/Costa Brava. Beautifully restored 200 year old farmhouse. Private forest, pool. Nearby medieval villages, golf and best world’s gastronomy. Tel: 212-996-3034, [email protected].

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African Safari & Travel Advisor–Expert advice so you can find the I am a 75-year-old gentleman, retired entrepreneurial CEO (MBA ’58), Striking good looks–smart, sophisticated and very poised. Tall best African safari & vacation for your budget or interests. Insider tips enjoying symphony and great theater in beautiful Sarasota, Florida. I and sensual, accomplished, highly-regarded, professional, Boston- for finding the best safari & travel deals. Contact me directly–Michael frequently travel to New York, where I am on the board of the York The- based. Civic-minded, in tune with what’s current in the world. Fac- Giles, Harvard College 1980, at [email protected] or go to atre Group. I will be traveling to Buenos Aires in August and (so far) es life optimistically, finds humor in almost anything. Adaptable, ac- our website: www.african-safari-and-travel-advisor.com. alone to Europe in early Autumn. Great health, long term AA, agnostic cepting, adventurous, great traveling companion (Rockies to Barce- and slightly left politically. I would like to meet a compatible, intelligent, lona, Barbados, Bitter End Yacht Club). Can be taken anywhere, car- upbeat lady who would enjoy and look great at the occasional black tie ries no excess baggage. Culturally aware, classy, interested in all arts. Wine Vacations in Europe – Been dreaming of an af- event or a redneck fish restaurant. If something serious develops, ter- Foodie, gracious hostess, knows how to have a good time, makes fordable insider custom tour of European wine country? rific. If not, I can guarantee good times with a nice looking, intelligent, the “world’s best margaritas and killer guacamole.” Engaging, com- We make it happen for you, your friends, and family. Details at good humored and considerate companion. [email protected]. petent, yet amusingly non-mechanical. Penchant for Maine harbors, www.InsiderWineTours.com. Book your dream vacation early. animals, seashore paintings. Seeks bright, active, thoughtful, finan- Intelligent conversation is the norm in Science Connection; but bad cially self-sufficient, 5’10”+ man 46-60s who enjoys friends, music, AFRICA. Private safari lodge, exclusive game viewing and birding on puns occur too. www.sciconnect.com. the outdoors and being near the water. [email protected]. 31,000 acres in Savé Valley Conservancy, S.E. Zimbabwe. Sleeps up to 12, fully staffed. Owned by community benefit trust set up and oper- Handsome, athletic 50 HMS physician/banker seeks great lady, Smart, sophisticated and strikingly pretty with athletic trim figure, ated by American family, HBS ’75. Contact: [email protected] friend, travel companion and playmate, intelligent, attractive, sensual great legs and beautiful shoulder-length dark hair – very reminiscent or 843-308-0477. 38-45, emotionally consistent and kind. I am kind, fun loving, consis- of Jacqueline Bisset. Lobbyist–nonprofit and cultural, local and na- tent, love to learn and try new things, travel, mountains, water sports, tional. Worldly, articulate and curious live wire, gracious hostess. Un- RETAIL skiing-snowboarding, golf, bicycling, art, music. My two adult sons abashedly loyal, very able to poke fun at herself, believes nothing is are my best friends. Living in the Rockies but not geographically lim- better than a good laugh. Divorced, Jewish. Open and fun, good cook, ited but prefer the water. Financially secure. [email protected]. passionate gardener, speaks lousy French. Music-lover, dog person. Enjoys Beethoven, Haydn, Mahler’s 1st, B and B’s, biographies, hotels that pamper, politics, ice cream. Seeks nonsmoking man 50-70 – af- Whimsical left-handed, American-born, European-educated profes- Organic mattresses, bedding, fectionate, well-groomed, successful, comfortable in his own skin. sor, writer, and translator of some international repute. At home with [email protected]; 917-716-4276. air purifiers, nursery items broadranging dialogue, progressive politics, and the world news. 866.380.5892 Eliot, Maine Kind heart and playful spirit; street smarts in foreign cultures. DWM; 5’10”; 59. Athletic, energetic, chiselled good looks. Seeks broadly ed-

TM ucated gazelle with a bi-cultural gaze, dry humor, civic ideals, tender TheCleanBedroom.com looks, and (not least) an expansive, kinetic mind. HM Box 94225.

Vigorous Harvard professor, recently retired, seeks gentle, reflec- INSIGNIA tive, cultivated, and playful woman, happy amid her family, friends, and colleagues, possessing a decent sufficiency, hospitable, hand- :C8JJ@=@<;8;M some, and huggable. [email protected]. HM BOX 94241. G I8K I8K8Q@E<9FOJ:?<;LC<1>WhlWhZCW]Wp_d[ est in the arts a plus. Based in Cambridge, frequently visits Manhattan. beachfront home, Asian and American Contemporary art, good the- _ifkXb_i^[Zi_nj_c[iWo[Wh_d@WdkWho"CWhY^" [email protected]. ater, Dorchester Hotel London, Café Carlyle, Bristol Lounge. Seeks CWo"@kbo"I[fj[cX[hWdZDel[cX[h$:[WZb_d[i accomplished man in Boston, NY or CT with urban sophistication Wh[ *+ ZWoi fh_eh je fkXb_YWj_ed ZWj[ [$]$ j^[ Vigorous, curious HBS swm 74 loves music (Gregorian chants to pres- and panache – financially confident, actively enjoying his work and WZl[hj_i_d]Z[WZb_d[\ehj^[CWhY^#7fh_b_iik[ ent), hiking, out-of-doors, skinny dipping, history, literature, laughing, diverse interests, 46-62. [email protected]. _i@WdkWho'+j^ $ caressing, caresses, science, simplicity, beauty, young children, gentle maturity, motorcycle touring (or any travel), quiet togetherness, Happy tall blond looking for a guy to share the many pleasures of a ?8IM8I; D8>8Q@E< FEC@E<17Zi breaking bread over good food, accepting, being accepted, working full life. [email protected]. cWo dem Wff[Wh ed ekh edb_d[ [Z_j_ed Wj with dirty hands, kind and considerate in speech, modest of spirit, a life ^jjf0%%mmm$^WhlWhZcW]Wp_d[$Yec \eh Wd of becoming, learning, and reaching out. Located now: San Francisco. Artist and outdoor adventurer. Graceful, natural athlete, 48. Leggy WZZ_j_edWb)&f[h_iik[$7ZicWoWbieX[[dj[h[Z Of modest, but secure, means. Seeking a woman with similar loves. slim figure, chestnut hair. Mischievous and genuine with whimsical l_Wj^[m[Xi_j[$F^ejeiYWdWbieX[WZZ[Zjeoekh Let’s have coffee, Maybe we will want to repeat! Outward beauty fully humor. Keeps body and spirit in shape. Loves the challenge of the edb_d[WZ\ehWdWZZ_j_edWb)&f[h_iik[$ will be appreciated, inner beauty transcends. [email protected]. elements: whitewater canoeing, downhill skiing, winter camping, sailing, hiking, breathtaking views. Very creative but sadly no green thumb – buys plants and apologizes to them. Warm-hearted and play- !E7HL7H:C7=7P?D; [email protected] (prefers phone but e-mail OK). cWj[h_Wbi_dYbkZ_d]Yh[Z_jYWhZ_d\ehcWj_ed je -MWh[Ijh[[j" ,'-#*/+#&)(*"eh[#cW_bkiWjYbWii_Ó[Zi6^WhlWhZ$[Zk$ 73-year-young man seeks female companionship. Likes chamber 9WcXh_Z]["C7&('). music recitals, symphony concerts, opera, the Huntington Theatre ?< OEK >7L;7DO GK;IJ?EDI" FB;7I; 97BB >C8EN0 and the Red Sox. Also, art museum visits and travel to Italy, France ,'-#*/,#,,.,$ and Spain. 617-242-3499.

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Slender, successful, architect. Award-winning career yet complete- Art foundation director–Chicago/Paris-based. Dark hair, slender ly unpretentious and down to earth. Classic Garboesque good looks, figure, sparkling eyes, worldly intellect. Think classic 1940s movie contemporary style, curious intellect. Active, outgoing, inclusive star looks. Gracious, successful – something of a maverick. Exudes with stunning legs, good figure. Friendly straightshooter yet some- warmth, character, lightheartedness. Excellent fun, humor central to times shy at first. Laughs at ironic humor, preposterous contrasts, her nature. Values openness, lack of guile. About as far from devi- old jokes between friends, fishing stories. Outdoors and nature lover. ous as anyone can get. Very real, yet feminine, sensual – never hard- Loves Gaudi, gardens, buildings, Mozart, MFA exhibits, history, good edged, cares about people. Adores Venice, Giotto to Turandot, Renzo food, Red Sox, Patriots, Celtics. Believes nothing beats biking beau- Piano to Angkor Wat, looking at architecture, movies, days off, long tiful countryside: USA, France, Spain, Italy. Adores reading on air- dinners with lots of talk, spending time at home in Santa Fe, with planes, working in gardens, olive groves in perfect geometry, Vaux- family in Texas, friends in NY. More Mandarin Oriental or Montalem- le-Vicomte, Zimmerman House, meadows with views. Seeks easygo- bert than Hilton, more offbeat small museum than crowded block- ing, friendly man with inquiring intellect–late 60s to early 80s, in good buster, more sunny days than ice and snow. Average cook, great shape. [email protected]; 617-547-4821; HM BOX 94242. sous-chef. Seeks successful, good-looking man who can laugh at himself, 49-67. [email protected]. More than pretty – NYC woman, slender, sparkling, award-winning author. Excellent sense of humor, bright and open mind with abid- Approaches life with ease, passion and an explorer’s spirit–be it ing curiosity, genuine warmth, laissez-faire outlook. A pleasure to be exploring around the corner or the world. Classically pretty, ath- around. Expressive, dynamic, learner. A smile that dazzles and toned letic, gracious, Southerner transplanted to New England, Boston- taut figure. Actively enjoys sunshine, theater, Op Ed columns, Frank based. International in outlook, successful, highly accomplished, Rich, Tom Friedman, Pete Hamill, exercising outdoors, Asian/French very likeable and classy with ever-present touch of fun and self- food, music, movies, golf. Happily seems to keep returning to South- deprecating humor. City lover yet adores everything about Maine ern France – drawn to relaxed easy lifestyle, enjoyment of life, un- and Italian hill towns. Caring, understands what is relevant and im- rushed pace. Can’t get enough of Capri and Amalfi Coast, would love portant. Outdoorsy: hiking, boating, cycling, gardening. Enamored to study sculpture or photography. Seeks nice-looking, verbal, active, of world music, driving with the top down, sitting on my dock, pho- intellectually curious man, 58-young 73. [email protected]. tography, European novels, American nonfiction, farmers’ markets, cooking fresh food, improving rusty French and Spanish, let- Believes humor is essential. Slim and very pretty with great legs and ting the day unfold when traveling, Wyoming, the Mediterranean inescapable Irish wit. Considered by male friends to be “a 10”. Known pace of life. Seeks smart, successful, fit, attractive man (50s-60s) for inquisitive mind, easy laugh, gorgeous turquoise eyes, calm ap- who enjoys people, traveling, adventuring. [email protected]; proach to life. Widow – adventurous, supportive, sometimes reserved 207-512.0776 (Maine cell # but resides Boston). at first. Adores travel that combines learning, beauty, history. Loves Rome, Sydney, Fox Glacier, Smuggler’s Cove BVI, Medici Museum, Sure to be noticed. Striking MD with real presence, 38. Extremely anyplace I haven’t been. Music-lover (especially Clapton, anything attractive, dark hair, good figure, robust humor that comes from Blues, Beethoven), big fan of “Car Talk.” Resourceful writer, working deep inside. CT resident, works one day a week in Cambridge. on collection of essays. Interested in bicycling, kayaking, cooking – Smart, tactful and good-natured with twinkle in her eyes. Dedicat- makes a mean chicken cordon bleu and porcini risotto. Accomplished ed to work, gives 100%, yet really good at chilling out. Cultured, sailor, now investigating golf. Fascinated by history: English, Chinese, socially conscious, well-informed. Enjoys the finer things without Civil War. Seeks nonsmoking, liberal-leaning, man 54-60s with broad being materialistic. Warm Midwestern heart, more urban than sub- range of interests who enjoys people, keeping fit. 617-967-1649; urban with interests both intellectual and low brow: politics, spicy [email protected]. Thai food, Hawaii, Nantucket, Vivaldi at the gym, Symphony, biking on the Cape. Seeks accomplished, kind, respectful man, 38-49. Slender, toned, athletic and very pretty – loves taking on challenges [email protected]. both intellectual and outdoors. Soft-spoken, widow, spontaneous and sociable with sparkling eyes, wonderful smile. Lives in Colorado Rock- Looks on the bright side. Big-hearted, irreverent, passionate, so- ies, has family in Boston. Curious with lively humor – sometimes a tad cial/political activist, Cambridge resident, often in NY. Profound- risqué. Outdoor fanatic. Romantic at heart. Current passions: skiing ly warm, great team player with high fun quotient. Upbeat and black diamond slopes, hiking, studying languages, my Limmer boots, flexible, addicted to social justice, solution-oriented. Hasn’t met getting into harmless mischief, learning new sports, via ferrata climb- a problem she cannot (or won’t) try to tackle. Mischievous – likes ing in Dolomites, learning photography, art gallery hopping, cooking being occasional naughty troublemaker. Creates and thrives on gourmet recipes, golden retrievers, hut trips–Colorado or Norway, ser- community. Inclusive, creative, insightful, plays well with oth- vice projects home or abroad, New Zealand. Seeks educated, active, ers. Radiates clear and present joy. Lives big and courageously man 55-72. Fitness is key. [email protected]; 970-390-0809. yet enjoys downtime. Slender, sensual, dark-haired, looks great. Loves funky and fine arts. Athletic, active, fit (kayaking, biking). Strikingly beautiful, author/novelist. European, grew up Japan, Easygoing low maintenance world traveler and eater. Drawn to lives in Cambridge and New York. Sensuous and trim with long legs, documentaries, stories of people’s lives, hardware stores, super- very Isabella Roselliniesque. Generous, warm, cultured and loving, markets, storytelling, music (rock, Jazz, Blues, Cuban). Adores young widow. Embraces life’s possibilities, insatiably curious about spontaneity, always happy to cook for friends. Seeks comfortable the world, direct, unafraid of fun, projects calm and a whimsical ar- with himself, active, man 47-67 committed to making a differ- ticulate sweetness. Passionate reader. Willing, attuned, caring, lives ence. [email protected]. by humor, gives the moment her all. Great impromptu cook, lively hostess. Drawn to history (European, Japanese, Russian), NYR, NYT Lovely slim figure, heartfelt laugh. Humanitarian international book reviews, gestures of simple caring, Buddhist cultures, Maine in change agent – bright, beautiful and intellectually curious. Current summer, hiking Acadia, London’s New Tate, Boston’s ICA, NY’s Neue. work in NYC, New Delhi, Armenia. Adventurous, exuberant, dedicat- Seeks educated, financially solvent, nice man 55-60s interested in ed – full of captivating surprises. Cultured, sophisticated, fun, multi- the usual suspects of plays, concerts, opera, literary criticism, jazz dimensional yet down to earth and humanistic – unimpressed by os- clubs and a lasting relationship. [email protected]. tentation or arrogance. Innovative cook, passionate about food, excellent conversationalist. Takes great pleasure in life. Anthropologist Graceful good looks and sly wit. Deeply curious, sometimes dar- at heart, interested in others, calm and very comfortable with herself. ingly funny, sometimes naughty, always congenial with an irresistible Drawn to Vinalhaven, Positano, Lake Sevan. Loves film, theater, clas- smile, strong sense of self and informed interest in the world. Resides sical music, Guggenheim, Bilbao, MoMa, NGOs, Kyoto, papadums, in NY, spends time at Paris apartment, speaks French with South- pistachio ice cream. Seeks lively, educated, confident, accomplished, ern drawl. Successful, sophisticated, tall and slender. Accomplished attractive, man 49-64 for lasting relationship. [email protected]; writer, prolific reader. Passionate theater-goer. Affectionate, intel- 609-203-7830. lectual and very real. Aesthetically-attuned, stylish yet likes to keep things simple. Adventurous, outgoing, divorced. Interested in peo- Sensuous, smart and warm-hearted. Quick wit and quick mind. Out- ple and what makes them tick. Thinks Vermont in summer is heaven, door photographer with passion for Big Sky and the Southwest, just loves beaches from Truro to St. Tropez, Nobu, Café Cluny, The Frick, returned from wonderful shoot in Vermont. Tall, good-looking and in John Coltrane, hiking, cooking, yoga. Seeks active, secure, man 49- great shape with easygoing sophistication, gift for laughter. Loves to 66 who values kindness and honesty. [email protected]. bake but main course is best when cooked together with someone. Adventurous–drawn to a sense of curiosity and an engaging open ap- Smart and fun to talk to. Founder and director of international- proach to life. Prefers Science Museum over MFA, Johnny D’s over ly known language schools. Stunning looks, great legs. Feet on the BSO, enjoys a mix of all. Intrigued by hiking, ocean anything, Brazil- ground, refreshingly unpretentious, musician, game for new adven- ian music, Truro, Costa Rica, Italy. Seeks divorced or widowed man tures. Slender divorced blonde. LA transplant, based in Boston, hap- 45-60, active, thoughtful, happy with himself and available for lasting py to live on either coast. Nuts about travel, tennis, summer on the relationship. [email protected]; 617-947-3230. Vineyard, books, world music, sushi, Spain, Latin America, speaking Spanish. Loves biking, sunny days – haven’t met a beach I don’t like. DWF attractive, gorgeous gams, stylish, well-read, fun-loving, Seeks smart, thoughtful man 54 to 68 who can laugh/enjoy life, is ac- great sense of humor, infectious laugh, easy going, wise, thought- complished in his work and appreciates good conversation over good ful, great listener. Looking for man over 55, to share same inter- meals. [email protected]; 617-571-0232 or 310-488-0432. ests. [email protected].

>WhlWhZCW]Wp_d[/' TREASURE

Space Invaders Aliens, robots, spaceships: Pulp sci-ﬁ goes to Harvard

he world’s first magazine a youngster, Ordway began in devoted to science fiction, earnest to collect pulp-magazine Amazing Stories, was born in science fiction. As a grownup col- 1926, a year before Frederick I. lector, he shifted from fiction to TOrdway III ’49. The Ordway family maid astronomy and from magazines to one day left a copy of Amazing Stories on a rare books. “I moved beyond dining room chair when Ordway was a them,” he told Harvard College sprat; he spotted it, devoured it, and Library sta≠er Jennifer Tomase, straightaway was hooked. He joined the “but I always loved the pulps.” American Rocket Society at age 11 and He gave his collection of about went on to become an actual rocket sci- 900 sci-fi pulps to the library in entist, working for Wernher von Braun at 2002. They are a rich cache of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and popular culture that will be of later at NASA. He has written, coau- unpredictable but undoubted thored, or edited more than 30 popular value to researchers, and they books about rocketry and space travel. As pose bracing preservation problems. They the Ordway pulps have undergone the so- are called “pulps” because called Bookkeeper mass deacidification their inside pages are rough, process. Technicians dip small batches of wood-pulp paper, unlike the decaying pulp sci-fi into a bath of magne- “glossies” or the “slicks,” and sium oxide, which is alkaline. The potion ordinarily they are not long circulates for two hours and coats the for this world. paper evenly. It is waterless, and so the As acid breaks down the paper fibers don’t swell. After its bath, molecular structure of paper, the paper is nicely alkaline, with a pH be- it darkens and weakens. tween 8.0 and 9.5 (7.0 is neutral). In the Cheap wood-pulp paper is following weeks, the magnesium oxide very acid to begin with, and particles on the paper combine with age makes it even more so. moisture from the air to form an alkaline Malloy-Rabinowitz pre- magnesium-hydroxide bu≠er that will servation librarian Jan Mer- absorb and neutralize acids in the paper rill-Oldham explains that for the remainder of the pulps’ days. Tests indicate that the treatment extends paper life by three to five times, a stay of execu- tion for Captain Future.

The covers of the April 1926 first issue of Amazing Stories and of Future Fiction, November 1940, were by pulp artist Frank R. Paul, the major force in defining what sci-fi art should look like. Howard V. Brown did the covers of Startling Stories, May 1939, and Thrilling Wonder Stories, January 1940. Super Science Stories, May 1940, was by Gabriel Mayorga. The cover for the winter 1940 Captain Future was by [George?] Rozen. HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY ÞÊÌ iÊ iivÌÃÊv iLiÀÃ «Ê>ÌÊ 9

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