Civil Courag e News

Journal of the Vol. 11, No. 2 • September 2015

For Steadfast Resistance to Evil at Great Personal Risk

Bloomberg Editor-in-Chief John Guatemalans Claudia Paz y Paz and Yassmin Micklethwait to Deliver Keynote Barrios Win 2015 Civil Courage Prize Speech at the Ceremony for Their Pursuit of Justice and Human Rights ohn Micklethwait, Bloomberg’s his year’s recipients of the JEditor-in-Chief, oversees editorial TCivil Courage Prize, Dr. content across all platforms, including Claudia Paz y Paz and Judge Yassmin news, newsletters, Barrios, are extraordinary women magazines, opinion, who have taken great risks to stand television, radio and up to corruption and injustice in digital properties, as their native . well as research ser- For over 18 years, Dr. Paz y Paz vices such as has been dedicated to improving her Claudia Paz y Paz Bloomberg Intelli - country’s human rights policies. She testing, wiretaps and other technol - gence. was the national consultant to the ogy, she achieved unprecedented re - Prior to joining UN mission in Guatemala and sults in sentences for homicide, rape, Bloomberg in February 2015, Mickle- served as a legal advisor to the violence against women, extortion thwait was Editor-in-Chief of The Econo - Human Rights Office of the Arch - and kidnapping. mist, where he led the publication into the bishop. In 1994, she founded the In - In a country where witnesses, digital age, while expanding readership stitute for Com- prosecutors, and and enhancing its reputation. parative Criminal judges were threat - He joined in 1987, as Studies of Guate- ened and killed, she a finance correspondent and served as mala, a human courageously Business Editor and Editor rights organization sought justice for before being named Editor-in-Chief in that promotes the victims of the 2006. He began his career in banking at restorative justice, atrocities commit - Chase Manhattan in after study - and protects the ted by people in ing history at Magdalen College, Oxford. rights of victims power during Micklethwait has covered business and during criminal Guatemala’s 36- Yassmin Barrios politics from the United States, Latin proceedings. year political and civil conflict. She America, Continental Europe, Southern In 2010, Dr. Paz y Paz became prosecuted former President Efraín Africa and most of Asia. Guatemala’s first female Attorney Ríos Montt for his role in the geno - A frequent broadcaster, Micklethwait General. She successfully prosecuted cide of i ndigenous Mayans in the has appeared on CNN, ABC News, BBC, human rights abusers, violent crimi - early 80s . Found guilty in 2013, his C-SPAN, PBS and NPR. nals, drug cartels, organized crime, conviction was overturned on a tech - He is a trustee of the and corrupt politicians in a country nicality, but it was an important mes - and the co-author of six books, most re - where impunity was a way of life. sage to those who felt they were cently The Fourth Revolution: The Global She purged the public prosecutor’s above the law. Race to Reinvent the State . office and implemented perform - Bringing cases against the cor - In 2010, Micklethwait was named ance evaluations, which led to a dra - rupt and politically powerful in - "Editors' Editor" by the British Society of matic reduction in unsolved cases. volved great personal and Magazine Editors. By encouraging the use of DNA professional risks. During her continued on page 3 The Story of The Civil Courage Prize

any years ago, John Train became concerned with the situation of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the great Rus- Msian hero and author whose works helped destroy the prestige of Stalinism. After being exiled, he had moved to rural Vermont, but was living in poverty. Train was able to obtain substantial private support for him, and accompanied him to London, where Prince Philip handed him the check in a Buckingham Palace ceremony. Train, who delivered the English-language response at the ceremony, realized that there was no word in Eng- lish for the virtue that Solzhenitsyn so nobly exemplified, but that there should be, perhaps “civil courage,” as distinct from valor in war. He resolved to create a prize for this virtue, and asked if Solzhenitsyn would like to receive it, have it named after him, or be a judge. He chose the last, and acted in that role for the rest of his life. His son has followed him. The prize, $50,000 and a medal, is “for steadfast resistance to evil at great personal risk.” It was first awarded, in London, to Natasa Kandic, sometimes called the Serbian Schindler. Subsequent laureates have come from most parts of the world except, so far, our own. One, , reporting on atrocities in Chechnya, was assassinated in the course of the very work for which she was honored, as were several others who were recognized posthumously, notably , and . Civil courage is essential for a good society. Some few must step forward to challenge large-scale iniquity. “If everyone says, the devil take the hindmost, the devil soon works his way to the head of the line.” Our hope is that by introducing the expression “civil courage” into the English language, and by holding up for general admiration heroes of conscience who exemplify it, we can encourage the good side of human nature. To select the prizewinner, we invite nominations from an international list of distinguished organizations and per- sons. The nominations ordinarily arrive with first-hand descriptions that are invaluable. Our administrative office then checks to see if the nominee fills our qualifications, which have evolved from ex- perience. For instance, the nominee should have many years of heroic resistance to evil, not just one episode. And it must indeed be evil, not an abuse of civil rights. We do not define evil, but we think we know it when we see it. Once the nominations have been researched, they are reviewed by the Trustees and a short list is created. Those on the list are then sent on to our Advisors for ranking. Their choices are in turn considered by the Trustees, after which the final decision is made. This is a laborious process, but it insures impartiality, and we learn much from the different viewpoints. When the laureate has come to New York to receive the medal and the stipend, we introduce him to the press here and to other U.S. non-profits with similar objectives, such as , the Ford Foundation, and the Robert F. Kennedy Center, several appropriate universities, U.N. staff and the Bar Association. Then to Washing- ton to see the State Department, appropriate embassies, Senate and House Committees, and “think tanks.” He will probably make contact with twenty or thirty organizations and hundreds of individuals. These encounters will fortify his resolve to continue on his difficult course and will help develop useful allies. It adds prestige to a good person pur- suing a difficult goal to be able to invoke such connections. We have found that winning the prize confers a measure of protection to a laureate’s life at home. The hero of conscience is usually solitary: his companions are found in history books. He battles for a cause that even his friends may not understand or believe in, or dare to espouse. Indeed, the noblest causes may be those that seem hopeless at the time. Civil courage empowers us to face the world alone.

For further information and updates on current and previous prizewinners, please go to: www.civilcourageprize.org twitter.com/TrainFoundation facebook.com/CivilCourage@TrainFoundation

Page 2 September 2015 Gcontuinuaedt freomm pagae 1 lans Paz y Paz and Barrios Win 2015 Civil Courage Prize tenure, gr oup saffili ate dwithmili tar y inter est s and pow - Although the verdict demonstrated that there could be erful right-wing conservatives f orced her to step down an independent judiciary, Judge Barrios faced retaliation. seve n months short of her four-year term. A case was brought before the Ethics Tribunal of the Bar Dr. Paz y Paz has won in tern ational acc olade s and in Association that resulted in her illegal suspension from 2013, she was afinalist for the Nob el Pe ace Prize. That same practicing law for a year. Although an administrative over - year, she received the prestigious Dean’s Award from sight body rejected the penalty, a stain remained on her Georgetown University, where she is currently a Distin - record. She continues to fight for justice “without guished Scholar in Residence at the University’s Institute weapons,” in order to create a system where independent for Women, Peace and Security. judges and prosecutors can act without fear of interference, constraint or sanction . or nearly two decades, Judge Yassmin Barrios has Judge Barrios has received recognition for her work, sought to strengthen Guatemala’s justice system. F most notably the International Women of Courage Award Early in her career, she practiced advocacy law and then from the U.S. government, presented by First Lady served as a judge in the First Court of Judgment, High Michelle Obama in 2014. In April 2015, she received the Risk, and as an alternate judge of the Supreme Court of Goler T. Butcher Medal for her contribution to the Justice. She is an expert in criminal and constitutional law, international law of human rights. and experienced in public administration. She was the legal Both Dr. Claudia Paz y Paz and Judge Yassmin Bar - consultant to the United Nations Development Program rios embody the spirit of civil courage. In the face of ex - (UNDP) and the Legal Advisor of the Guatemalan Ministry traordinary political and social pressure, they have of Education. shown integrity, courage and commitment. Her belief that “peace will not be achieved if there is no justice” was evident as the crimes of the 36-year civil war passed through her courtroom . Grenades exploded in the courtyard of her house as she prepared to sentence three With Special Thanks to the defendants to 30-year prison terms during their trial for 2015 Civil Courage Prize Nominators the murder of Archbishop Monsignor Juan Gerardi. Fredo Arias-King Nancy Kamel Three National Police patrol officers were stationed per - CASLA Institute o.p.s. Vital Voices manently outside of her front gate. Because of death threats, Brian Concannon Dan Kovalik she spent years going to work in a bulletproof vest escorted Institute for Justice and General Counsel by the National Civil Police. Democracy in Haiti United Steelworkers She served as the presiding judge of the three-member Claire Fallender Cat Lucas court at the genocide trial of former dictator Montt, dur - Ashoka English PEN ing which the Guatemalan President made public state - James A. Goldston Aryeh Neier ments opposing the proceedings on the grounds that it was Open Society Justice Initiative Open Society Foundations “betraying the peace and dividing Guatemala.” In the face of overwhelming political pressure, the judges sentenced Dr. Ikram-ul- Montt to an 80-year prison term. Vite-N-Hope organizaiton

The Train Foundation Announces the Election of Two New Advisors

We are pleased to report the election of two new Civil Courage Prize Advisors:

Sir Jeremy Greenstock was the United Kingdom’s Ambassador to the United Nations from 1998 to 2003. In Sep - tember 2003, he was appointed the U.K Special Representative for . He is currently the Chairman of the United Nations Association of the U.K.

Count Aymar de Lastours has spent his career in private industry all over the world, including Asia and Africa. In re - cent years, he has been active in IFRI, the French counterpart of our Council on Foreign Relations.

September 2015 Page 3 The Train Foundation Past Honorees Trustees and Officers 2014 Nicola Gratteri 2005 2000 Natasa Kandic Relentless Proscutor Long-imprisoned Persecuted journalist and The Hon. John Train of the Italian Mafia campaigner for activist, Belgrade Trustee, Chairman 2013 democracy in Burma Ambassador Edward Streator Dr. Anna Politkovskaya Sergei Khodorovich Trustee, President Physician and advocate for victims of violence in the Fearless reporter on (Honorable Mention) Ariadne Calvo-Platero Democratic Republic of atrocities in Chechnya, Solzhenitsyn collaborator Trustee, Executive Vice-President the Congo assassinated exiled to hard labor in Musa T. Klebnikov Siberia 2012 † Trustee, Secretary Exposed disappearances Author and advocate for Pastor Dietrich Louis N. Bickford reform in and corruption in Trustee , assassinated Bonhoeffer† 2011 Anti-Nazi martyr Ambassador John Menzies Defender of victims of 2004 Trustee Imprisoned for exposing human trafficking in Judge Giovanni Ambassador Nicholas Platt assassinations of Iranian Ribeiro Trustee intellectuals Falcone† Champion of abused Assassinated while Ann Brownell Sloane women and prosecuting the Sicilian Trustee children in Lawyer persecuted for Mafia demanding constitutional Sumner Gerard III 2010 Treasurer reform in Steadfast advocate for peace † Berry, Esq. in the Middle East Abdul al-Latif Civil rights lawyer, Counsel al-Mayah† assassinated while 2009 Iraqi political scientist and defending accused persons Nina Train Choa Champion of the non- human rights advocate, in Advisor violent campaign for self- assassinated Lisa Train determination in Western † Advisor 2003 Sahara Lawyer and educator, Battler against the burn - C. Bowdoin Train killed by a suicide bomber 2008 ing and other abuse of Advisor while working for solutions Egyptian author and Pakistani women to Tamil-Sri Lankan journalist. Voice for conflict Civil Courage Prize Advisors peace and reason in the 2002 Middle East Antunez Ambassador Glenn R.W. Babb Raoul Wallenberg† Champion of freedom, George Biddle 2007 Saved thousands of Jews Prof. Philip C. Bobbitt Imprisoned in China for from extermination The Hon. Hodding Carter III guiding North Korean Gustavo Arcos refugees in their escape to Sir Jeremy Greenstock Bergnes freedom (Honorable Mention) † = posthumous Count Aymar de Lastours Early democracy activist, Baroness Rawlings 2006 Rafael Marques Cuba Grace Keenan Warnecke de Morais 2001 Ambassador Frank G. Wisner Journalist who exposed the slaughter of Angolans Editor and journalist and the plundering of fighting tyranny in Sierra Patrons national assets Leone Mr. and Mrs. Richard Gilder The Clay Foundation The Civil Courage Prize honors civil courage—steadfast resistance to evil at great personal risk—rather than military valor. The acts so recognized should have taken Founding Patron place deliberately, over time. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Nominations for the Prize are solicited primarily from non-profit, non-governmental organizations worldwide. Further information may be obtained from our website: www.civilcourageprize.org.

“The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.” —Edmund Burke

Civil Courage News The Train Foundation 505 Park Avenue Journal of the Civil Courage Prize Tel: 212.888.5959 20th Floor Fax: 212.888.4018 New York, NY 10022 www.civilcourageprize.org

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