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Ministry of Higer and Secondary Specialized Education of Uzbekistan MINISTRY OF HIGER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED EDUCATION OF UZBEKISTAN NUKUS STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER AJINIYAZ FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE THEME: PERCY BYSSHY SHELLEY PREPARED: Masharipova D. RECEIVED: 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................3 CHAPTER I. PERCY BYSSHY SHELLEY'S LIFE AND WORKS ....................................................................................................................6 1.1 Early Life and Education ...................................................................................6 1.2. Death and his great heritage ............................................................................10 1.3. Romanticism in his life and works ..................................................................16 CHAPTER II. THE USE OF CREATION OF MYTHS IN MAJOR WORKS OF P. B. SHELLEY ...............................................................................................21 2.1. The Use of Mythical Themes and Characters..................................................21 2.2. The Use of Mythical Images and Creation of Myths.......................................25 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................28 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................30 2 INTRODUCTION Every nation has its huge heritage such as financial and spiritual. Spiritual wealth including literature, art, customs, books , and so on. These enormous blessings and valuable riches were not created by themselves, they were composed by people. They took shapes, developed and increased during many centuries. Every member of every nation proud of their" heroes" which tried to improve the circumstances of the people, and always keep them in their souls. One of these great, ancient heritages is literature. Literature is the school of the art. Although it encountered different difficulties, literature don't lose its position now. It is known from the past that English literature also underwent different periods such as: Victorian period, Elithabethan period, Jacobean period, Romanticism and so on. In these periods many poets, writers, statements lived. For example: Geoffrey Chaucer, Thomas More, John Skelton, Shakespeare, John Donne, John Ford, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, Percy Bysshy Shellyand many others. One of the most beautiful, amazing and sensible genre of literature is considered poetry. Delivering ideas with emotions at the same time in rhyme is not easy as you think. We know one of the famous poets of the Romantic period is Percy Bysshy Shelley and in this course work I try to illuminate Percy B. Shelley's life and works in deeply. Percy Bysshy Shelley ( 4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poet, and is regarded by some as among the finest lyric, as well as epic, poets in the English language. A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not see fame during his lifetime, but recognition for his poetry grew steadily following his death. Shelley was a key member of a close circle of visionary poets and writers that included Lord Byron; Leigh Hunt; Thomas Love Peacock ; and his own second wife, Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein. Shelley is perhaps best known for such classic poems as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, Music, 3 When Soft Voices Die, The Cloud and The Masque of Anarchy . His other major works include a groundbreaking verse drama The Cenci (1819) and long, visionary poems such as "Queen Mab"(later reworked as The Daemon of the World ), " Alastor" , "The Revolt of Islam", "Adonais", "Prometheus Unbound" (1820)—widely considered to be his masterpiece,— Hellas:" A Lyrical Drama"(1821), and his final, unfinished work, "The Triumph of Life" (1822). The aim of the course work: -To illuminate the life and works of Percy Bysshy Shelley; -To develop the students knowledge and outlook ; -To pay attention to the poets, writers and scholars; -To develop students qualification and experience; - To strengthen the students data about the great people in the past; The practical value of the course work: during the English literature subject learn widely more about poets, writers, and also their works which are caused them famous. To understand and be aware of English literature; The course work consists of 2 chapters, conclusion and bibliography. The first chapter is devoted to the life and works of the poet. In this chapter I tried to bring information about his early life, education, his works and their importance of his time. And I would like to say that it is very important to mention that the themes of his poems is the main purpose of this work. We know that Percy Bysshy Shelley was the poet of Romantic period. So that in his works he sang about freedom and sympathies with his contemporaries. The second chapter is dedicated the use of creation of myths in major works of Percy B. Shelley. In this chapter is given the legendary images, themes, characters, and their creation of the works of the poet. Shelley's rich imagination, his power of rhythmical expression, his passion for liberty make his poetry unexcelled. He brought the melody of verse to a degree of perfection unknown in English poetry before him. To Shelley poetry was a device for making immortal all that is good and beautiful in the world. He had the key to the hidden mysteries of the heart, of life itself. 4 Shelley's close circle of friends included some of the most important progressive thinkers of the day, including his father-in-law, the philosopher William Godwin and Leigh Hunt. Though Shelley's poetry and prose output remained steady throughout his life, most publishers and journals declined to publish his work for fear of being arrested for either blasphemy or sedition. Shelley's poetry sometimes had only an underground readership during his day, but his poetic achievements are widely recognized today, and his advanced political and social thought impacted the Chartist and other movements in England, and reach down to the present day. Shelley's theories of economics and morality, for example, had a profound influence on Karl Marx; his early—perhaps first— writings on nonviolent resistance influenced both Leo Tolstoy and Mahatma Gandi. 5 CHAPTER I. PERCY BYSSHY SHELLEY'S LIFE AND WORKS Percy Bysshe Shelley "Poets are the trumpets which sing to battle: poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world." - Percy Bysshy Shelley [12;213] 1.1. Early Life and Education Shelley was born 4 August 1792 at Field Place, Broadbridge Heath, near Horsham, West Sussex, England. He was the eldest legitimate son of Sir Timothy Shelley, a Whig Member of Parliament for Horsham from 1790–92 and for Shoreham between 1806–12, and his wife, Elizabeth Pilford, a Sussex landowner. He had four younger sisters and one much younger brother. He received his early education at home, tutored by the Reverend Evan Edwards of nearby Warnham. His cousin and lifelong friend Thomas Medwin, who lived nearby, recounted his early childhood in his The Life of Percy Bysshy Shelley . It 6 was a happy and contented childhood spent largely in country pursuits such as fishing and hunting. [11;11,12] Like Byron, he came from an aristocratic family, and broke away from his class. His father was a baronet, and a narrow-minded man. The boy felt ill at ease in his family, and at Eton College where he was sent to in 1804. He was a shy, gentle, kind and sensitive boy by nature, but he had his own notions of justice, independence and freedom. While Shelley’s childhood was decidedly happy and rustic, his atheism and radical politics led to his expulsion from college and estrangement from family at an early age. His personal life was considered rather radical and controversial for his time, especially given his pronounced leftist political ideals and the abandonment of his first wife in favor of a woman named Mary Goodwin, who would become his second wife. Though he began composing and publishing poetry at a young age, Shelley’s career as poet did not truly get underway until he met the English poet Lord Byron in 1816. This meeting resulted in a life-long friendship between the two that served to inspire and influence some of Shelley’s finest poetry, including his great poems “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” and “Mont Blanc.” Shelley was also a friend of the poet John Keats, for whom he wrote the elegy poem “Adonis.” [28;1] . In 1802, he entered the Syon House Academy of Brentford, Middlesex. In 1804, Shelley entered Eton College, where he fared poorly, and was subjected to an almost daily mob torment at around noon by older boys, who aptly called these incidents "Shelley-baits". Surrounded, the young Shelley would have his books torn from his hands and his clothes pulled at and torn until he cried out madly in his high-pitched "cracked soprano" of a voice. [6;97] This daily misery could be attributed to Shelley's refusal to take part in fagging and his indifference towards games and other youthful activities. Because of these peculiarities he acquired the nickname "Mad Shelley". [2;86] Shelley possessed a keen interest in science at Eton, which he would often apply to cause a surprising amount of mischief for a boy considered to be so sensible. Shelley would often use a frictional electric machine to charge
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