DOCSLIB.ORG

The Democratic Dividend of Nonviolent Resistance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Democratic Dividend of Nonviolent Resistance “How one fights determines what one wins” ̶ (Non)violent resistance in revolutionary situations and its prospects for sustainable democratization Von der Fakultät für Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Duisburg-Essen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. phil. genehmigte Dissertation von Bayer, Markus aus Frankfurt am Main 1. Gutachter: PD Dr. Lambach, Daniel 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Hartmann, Christof Tag der Disputation: 18.08.2020 Table of content Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 4 List of tables and figures.......................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................... 6 Preface: The purpose of this synopsis ..................................................................................................... 9 1.) Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.) Overall research question......................................................................................................... 15 3.) Research design ........................................................................................................................ 17 4.) Resistance and revolutionary situations: The question of (non)violence ........................................ 26 4.1.) Revolution and violence: An inseparable duo? ......................................................................... 26 4.2.) Revolutionary situations ........................................................................................................... 33 4.3.) Why events matter: Critical junctures and path dependency .................................................. 37 5.) Nonviolent resistance: A “dangerous idea” whose “time has come”? ............................................ 40 5.1.) The many names of nonviolence .............................................................................................. 42 5.1.1.) Pacifism: Nonviolent opposition against war ..................................................................... 43 5.1.2.) Civil disobedience: Moral philosophy of Henry Thoreau ................................................... 44 5.1.3.) Satyagraha: Gandhi’s approach to nonviolence ................................................................ 45 5.1.4.) NVR as “strategy for imperfect people in an imperfect world”: The strategic approach .. 47 5.1.5.) Defining the X: A working definition of NVR ...................................................................... 50 5.2.) How NVR is assumed to work ................................................................................................... 53 5.2.1.) Mechanism of change ........................................................................................................ 53 5.2.2.) NVR and democracy ........................................................................................................... 60 5.2.3. Discourse on NVR and urban space ..................................................................................... 62 6.) NVR and democratic endurance: The democratic dividend of nonviolent resistance .................... 65 7.) The democratizing effect of nonviolent resistance .......................................................................... 68 8.) How violent resistance hinders democratic development .............................................................. 71 8.1.) Avoiding unequal citizenship .................................................................................................... 72 8.2.) Avoiding one-party dominance ................................................................................................. 75 9.) On consolidation .............................................................................................................................. 80 10.) Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 82 12.) Literature ........................................................................................................................................ 89 12.) Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 103 12.1.) Overview: Publications within the dissertation .................................................................... 103 12.2.) Paper I: Bayer, Markus (2018 b): Hacia la consolidación: La lucha no violenta como medio para la ciudadanía democrática, Relaciones Internacionales, 39, 37-58. .............................. 104 2 12.3.) English Translation of Paper I: Bayer, Markus (2018 b): On consolidation: Nonviolent struggle as resource for democratic citizenship, Relaciones Internacionales, 39, 37-58. ................... 129 12.4.) Paper II: Bayer, Markus (2018 a): The democratizing effect of nonviolent resistance. How nonviolent resistance featured democratic consolidation in Benin, Swisspeace Working Paper, 3/2018. ........................................................................................................................ 155 12.5.) Paper III: Bayer, Markus (2017): Swapo forever? Prospect for liberal democracy or prolonged one-party dominance in Namibia, Journal of Namibia Studies, 21, 27-54. ............................ 178 12.6.) Paper IV: Bayer, Markus and Andrea Pabst (2018): Heroes and victims: The economies of entitlement after violent past, Peacebuilding, 6 (1), 49-64. .................................................. 208 12.7.) Paper V: Bayer, Markus; Bethke, Felix S. and Daniel Lambach (2016): The democratic dividend of nonviolent resistance, Journal for Peace Research, 53(6), 758–771. ................. 233 12.8.) Paper VI: Bayer, Markus and Jante Kursawe (2016): Gewaltfreier Widerstand und urbaner Raum, Wissenschaft und Frieden, 34 (2), 29-32. ................................................................... 241 12.9.) Avowals of the Co-Authors ................................................................................................... 249 3 Abbreviations ANC African National Congress BTI Bertelsmann Transformation Index CSO Civil Society Organization DAD Democracy/Autocracy Dataset INC Indian National Congress LNA Large N-Analysis MENA Middle East and North Africa MoR Mode of Resistance NAVCO Nonviolent and Violent Conflict Outcome Dataset NLM National Liberation Movement NoR No Resistance NVR Nonviolent Resistance PLAN People’s Liberation Army of Namibia SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation SNA Small N-Analysis SWAPO South West People’s Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development VR Violent Resistance 4 List of tables and figures1 Table I: Forms of nonviolence and their differences p. 50 Figure I: Success rates of NVR and VR campaigns 1940-2006 p. 13 Figure II: Empirical narratives and black box mechanism p. 18 Figure III: Overall research question p. 18 Figure IV: Research question “The democratic dividend” p. 19 Figure V: Research question “The democratizing effect of nonviolent resistance” p. 21 Figure VI: Disaggregation of quality of democracy p. 22 Figure VII: Research question “SWAPO forever” and “Heroes and victims” p. 23 Figure VIII: Revolutionary situations and possible outcomes p. 35 Figure IX: Violent and nonviolent resistance movements p. 42 Figure X: Conversion, accommodation, coercion, and political change p. 54 Figure XI: How conversion works p. 57 Figure XII: How coercion works p. 60 Figure XIII: Modes of resistance and democratic endurance p. 66 1 Please use the hyperlinks to skip directly to the respective table or figure. 5 Acknowledgement Writing a cumulative dissertation offers the advantage to be able to widen the view and investigate a topic from different angles instead of focusing on a narrow part. For a cluttered mind like mine, finding nearly everything interesting, this is a huge advantage. However, an even bigger advantage is that a cumulative dissertation officially allows collaboration. This means that one is able to share his or her ideas, to convince others and to work with and learn from them. I had the luck and the pleasure to meet some brilliant and supportive people who believed in my ideas and had plenty to offer to advance them. I am therefore in the enviable situation to have the “obligation” to thank all of them: First of all, I would like to thank my parents Heinz and Rosi who taught me to question things and always supported me. Furthermore, I want to thank Andrea: not only for reading, commenting and enhancing nearly all my articles, but also for cheering me up when I wanted to give up and even daring the adventure of writing together with me. Moreover, I want to thank Dr Daniel Lambach for his supervision and constant support, but primarily for believing in me and my proposal and developing the Project on “Nonviolent Resistance and Democratic Consolidation”. Furthermore, I want to thank my second supervisor Prof. Dr Christof Hartmann who was an invaluable advisor on field research in Africa and who always impresses me with his wide and deep knowledge about African politics. In the same way I am much obliged to many colleagues I worked and shared office with.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Celebrities As Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field
    Celebrities as Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field Ellen Watts Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics 2018 Declaration I, Ellen Watts, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Ellen Watts September 17, 2018. 2 Abstract The ability of celebrities to become influential political actors is evident (Marsh et al., 2010; Street 2004; 2012, West and Orman, 2003; Wheeler, 2013); the process enabling this is not. While Driessens’ (2013) concept of celebrity capital provides a starting point, it remains unclear how celebrity capital is exchanged for political capital. Returning to Street’s (2004) argument that celebrities claim to speak for others provides an opportunity to address this. In this thesis I argue successful exchange is contingent on acceptance of such claims, and contribute an original model for understanding this process. I explore the implicit interconnections between Saward’s (2010) theory of representative claims, and Bourdieu’s (1991) work on political capital and the political field. On this basis, I argue celebrity capital has greater explanatory power in political contexts when fused with Saward’s theory of representative claims. Three qualitative case studies provide demonstrations of this process at work. Contributing to work on how celebrities are evaluated within political and cultural hierarchies (Inthorn and Street, 2011; Marshall, 2014; Mendick et al., 2018; Ribke, 2015; Skeggs and Wood, 2011), I ask which key factors influence this process.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonviolence and Peace Psychology
    Nonviolence and Peace Psychology For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7298 Daniel M. Mayton II Nonviolence and Peace Psychology Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Societal, and World Peace Daniel M. Mayton II Lewis-Clark State College Lewiston ID USA ISBN 978-0-387-89347-1 e-ISBN 978-0-387-89348-8 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89348-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009922610 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword The UNESCO constitution, written in 1945, states, “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.” This is an appeal for peace psychology. It is a call to understand the values, philoso- phies, and competencies needed to build and maintain intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and international peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Gandhi Sites in Durban Paul Tichmann 8 9 Gandhi Sites in Durban Gandhi Sites in Durban
    local history museums gandhi sites in durban paul tichmann 8 9 gandhi sites in durban gandhi sites in durban introduction gandhi sites in durban The young London-trained barrister, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 1. Dada Abdullah and Company set sail for Durban from Bombay on 19 April 1893 and arrived in (427 Dr Pixley kaSeme Street) Durban on Tuesday 23 May 1893. Gandhi spent some twenty years in South Africa, returning to India in 1914. The period he spent in South Africa has often been described as his political and spiritual Sheth Abdul Karim Adam Jhaveri, a partner of Dada Abdullah and apprenticeship. Indeed, it was within the context of South Africa’s Co., a firm in Porbandar, wrote to Gandhi’s brother, informing him political and social milieu that Gandhi developed his philosophy and that a branch of the firm in South Africa was involved in a court practice of Satyagraha. Between 1893 and 1903 Gandhi spent periods case with a claim for 40 000 pounds. He suggested that Gandhi of time staying and working in Durban. Even after he had moved to be sent there to assist in the case. Gandhi’s brother introduced the Transvaal, he kept contact with friends in Durban and with the him to Sheth Abdul Karim Jhaveri, who assured him that the job Indian community of the City in general. He also often returned to would not be a difficult one, that he would not be required for spend time at Phoenix Settlement, the communitarian settlement he more than a year and that the company would pay “a first class established in Inanda, just outside Durban.
    [Show full text]
  • Mahatma Gandhi
    CHAPTER 1 MAHATMA GANDHI To be Human is to be One with God Mahatma Gandhi: A brief outline The best sources for a detailed life of Mahatma Gandhi are his autobiography and the many collected works that appear under his name. In brief, he was born in India in 1869, was married at the age of 13, and traveled to study law in England at the age of 19. His first trip to South Africa was in 1893 at the request of Indians in that country. While at Pietermaritzburg he was ejected from the train for sitting in a compartment reserved for whites. He sided with the British during the Boer War (although his sympathies lay with the Boers). During the Zulu War he formed the Ambulance Corps to help wounded soldiers, but also to show his loyalty to the British Empire. After the Zulu War, Gandhi took a vow of celibacy, and began using nonviolence as way for attaining rights for Indians in South Africa. It was after the Zulu War that he began articulating the goal of life as attaining moksha, or oneness with God. It was also in South Africa that the word Satyagraha was coined. After 21 years in South Africa, Gandhi left for India and worked for the independence of India from Britain. He was assassinated in 1948. Needless to say, this paragraph gives a brief timeline of Gandhi. Again, The Autobiography and Collected Works (which appear in the text as CWMG for Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi) offer detailed information on the Mahatma. The depiction of Gandhi’s philosophy and understanding of human nature in this chapter differs from most works on Gandhi by deliberately focusing on the influence of non-western cultures and his rejection and critique of capitalism Most Gandhian scholars present him as a person desperately trying to assimilate into the dominant capitalist culture, or mute his criticisms of capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • BORN out of SORROW Essays on Pietermaritzburg and the Kwazulu-Natal Midlands Under Apartheid, 1948−1994 Volume One Compiled An
    BORN OUT OF SORROW Essays on Pietermaritzburg and the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands under Apartheid, 1948−1994 Volume One Compiled and edited by Christopher Merrett Occasional Publications of the Natal Society Foundation PIETERMARITZBURG 2021 Born out of Sorrow: Essays on Pietermaritzburg and the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands under Apartheid, 1948–1994. Volume One © Christopher Merrett Published in 2021 in Pietermaritzburg by the Trustees of the Natal Society Foundation under its imprint ‘Occasional Publications of the Natal Society Foundation’. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without reference to the publishers, the Trustees of the Natal Society Foundation, Pietermaritzburg. Natal Society Foundation website: http://www.natalia.org.za/ ISBN 978-0-6398040-1-9 Proofreader: Catherine Munro Cartographer: Marise Bauer Indexer: Christopher Merrett Design and layout: Jo Marwick Body text: Times New Roman 11pt Front and footnotes: Times New Roman 9pt Front cover: M Design Printed by CPW Printers, Pietermaritzburg CONTENTS List of illustrations List of maps and figures Abbreviations Preface Part One Chapter 1 From segregation to apartheid: Pietermaritzburg’s urban geography from 1948 1 Chapter 2 A small civil war: political conflict in the Pietermaritzburg region in the 1980s and early 1990s 39 Chapter 3 Emergency of the State: detention without trial in Pietermaritzburg and the Natal Midlands, 1986–1990 77 Chapter 4 Struggle in the workplace: trade unions and liberation in Pietermaritzburg and the Natal Midlands: part one From the 1890s to the 1980s 113 Chapter 5 Struggle in the workplace: trade unions and liberation in Pietermaritzburg and the Natal Midlands: part two Sarmcol and beyond 147 Chapter 6 Theatre of repression: political trials in Pietermaritzburg in the 1970s and 1980s 177 Part Two Chapter 7 Inkosi Mhlabunzima Joseph Maphumulo by Jill E.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadcast and on Demand Bulletin Issue Number 377 29/04/19
    Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Issue number 377 29 April 2019 Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Contents Introduction 3 Notice of Sanction City News Network (SMC) Pvt Limited 6 Broadcast Standards cases In Breach Sunday Politics BBC 1, 30 April 2017, 11:24 7 Zee Companion Zee TV, 18 January 2019, 17:30 26 Resolved Jeremy Vine Channel 5, 28 January 2019, 09:15 31 Broadcast Licence Conditions cases In Breach Provision of information Khalsa Television Limited 34 In Breach/Resolved Provision of information: Diversity in Broadcasting Various licensees 36 Broadcast Fairness and Privacy cases Not Upheld Complaint by Symphony Environmental Technologies PLC, made on its behalf by Himsworth Scott Limited BBC News, BBC 1, 19 July 2018 41 Complaint by Mr Saifur Rahman Can’t Pay? We’ll Take It Away!, Channel 5, 7 September 2016 54 Complaint Mr Sujan Kumar Saha Can’t Pay? We’ll Take It Away, Channel 5, 7 September 2016 65 Tables of cases Investigations Not in Breach 77 Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Complaints assessed, not investigated 78 Complaints outside of remit 89 BBC First 91 Investigations List 94 Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Introduction Under the Communications Act 2003 (“the Act”), Ofcom has a duty to set standards for broadcast content to secure the standards objectives1. Ofcom also has a duty to ensure that On Demand Programme Services (“ODPS”) comply with certain standards requirements set out in the Act2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ready for 50/50? He Importance of Equal And/Or Fair Repre- Are Slim
    Election Watch Produced by the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) Issue No. 4 2013 READY FOR 50/50? he importance of equal and/or fair repre- are slim. With many of the opposition parties Tsentation for democracy-building cannot winning only one or two seats in parliament, be understated. The International Institute as is evident in the current National Assem- for Democracy and Electoral Assistance bly, these seats almost always go to men. (International IDEA) notes that “the develop- This essentially means that the ‘ruling party’ ment of any political agenda that does not and the main opposition parties should ulti- include the perspectives, views and experi- mately take the lead in pressing for a more ences of those who will be affected is not equal gender representation. If Swapo and credible.” The Institute further states that the the RDP, for example, implemented the inclusion of women in governance is a key zebra system – all things being equal – gen- element of any democracy, as “the essential der representation of voting MPs would be at tenet of any democratic framework is the 43 percent instead of the current 24 per principal of human rights, including the grant- cent. ing and exercise of the political rights of both Against this background, proponents of men and women.” equal women’s representation agree that in Photo: RodgerPhoto: Busch /AFP/Getty Image Theoretically, Namibia has been very order to ensure that political parties come to good at stating its support for women’s Although the Ministry of Gender Equality The only level at which the representa- the party in realising 50/50 representation, equality in governance, through the various and Child Welfare (MGECW) is optimistic tion of women has been promising is within reforms to the electoral act that stipulate pieces of legislation and regional/interna- that Namibia will meet the Protocol’s 2015 the local authorities, where the Local Author- specific quotas and regulations need to be tional instruments it has signed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kgb in Afghanistan
    THE KGB IN AFGHANISTAN RALPH PICKARD Figure 1: A display case of a KGB officer’s grouping showing his known Soviet and Afghanistan medals and award booklets earned during his service in the KGB. There has been much written over the years about the intent of stabilizing the Afghan government from the history of the Soviet forces occupation of Afghanistan deterioration that was occurring throughout the region and during the Cold War. However, less has been written especially the souring relationship with the government from the collecting community perspective about the prior to December 1979. The Soviet forces’ intent was Afghanistan medals and award booklets that were earned to seize all important Afghan government facilities and by Soviet personnel during that same time period. The other important areas.1 Within days after the Soviet forces intent of this article is to shed a little light on a few of invasion into Afghanistan and occupation of the capital the Afghanistan medals that were awarded during the of Kabul, the Afghanistan President was assassinated Cold War through a unique group that belonged to a and replaced with the more pro-Soviet government of KGB officer (Figure 1). This grouping provides strong President, Babrak Karmal, who had promised his loyalty indications that this officer served multiple tours and earlier to the Soviet government. 2,3,4 continued to operate in Afghanistan even after February 1989. However, prior to illustrating more about the group Prior to the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviets the in this article, a brief overview of the Soviet invasion and two governments had an ongoing relationship dating back available history of the KGB in Afghanistan during the to the early 1920s with Soviet advisors and technicians Cold War will be presented.
    [Show full text]
  • "Jamiat Islam" Of
    VOL. XVIII, NO. 102 TUESDAY, JULY 22, 1980 SARATAN 31, 1353 A.II ) Price Afs. 6 Holy Koran Glwr compatriots fight Kabul religious scholars Congratulatory I.; recitation , telegram sent Revolution back j Soviet Union ' enemies of from in Arg KABUL, July 22, (Bak- CIIEGIICIIARAN, July21, (Bakhtar).-"T- he DRAGovernment after the ' KABUL, July 22, (Bakhtar)- .- The delegation htar). A congratulatory victory of the December 27, 1979 uprising fulfillswhatever it has promised of religious scholars, clergymen and elders from telegram has been sent Mosque ends in the light of the new phase of Saur Revolution.We defend our revolution- Kabul returned home yesterday after a friendly on behalf of Babrak Kar-ma- l, ary government like a tower of strength and sendthe enemies of Saur Rev visit to the Soviet Republics of Tajikistan and Uzb- General Secretary of KABUL, July 22, (Bak-htar- ). olution to history's dust bin". ekistan and visiting sacredplaces and mosques and the PDPA CC, President Recitation of the -- above was stated propaganda by the enem part in the struggle agai- holding talks with a number of local scholars and of RC and DRA Prime holy Koran starting in the The by a few villagers living ies of the glorious Saur nst the recognized enem-Me- s clergymen. , Minister to Warsaw to Ed- Arg: Mosque by Qari Mo- near the centre of Ghor Revolution that "a number of Saur Revolution". , ward Gierek, First Secre- hammad Omar last Mon- oppressors parasit- Mullah Nek Mohamm- Deputy secretary to the banned but facilitated. Our tary of the Central Comt - province in an interview of and day evening- ended last en- with a Bakhtar reporter.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Invasions and Land-Grabbing
    Briefing Paper 390 September 2015 Land Invasions and Land-Grabbing 1. Introduction land issues amicably, land invasions, threats of land invasions, and accusations that government Warnings abound that unless something is done to was not dealing with land reform urgently, have quickly resolve the issues of land ownership and been rising. access to both rural and urban land, people will invade and forcibly or violently take over land. Similarly, it was 20 years after Zimbabwe’s Thus no one can ever claim that they were not independence that there was an explosion of aware that such issues were bubbling among the radical land reform, farm invasions, land landless or the dispossessed. In Namibia, the expropriations, and farm occupations. If indeed Affirmative Repositioning (AR) movement has history is repeating itself, we in South Africa do asserted that unless something is done to radically not seem to be learning much! address the need for land among the indigenous people of Namibia, they will invade and take over land. In South Africa similar warnings have been 3. Namibia and South Africa: A Common made by various landless people’s movements, Burden and by ordinary landless people. To make matters worse, there have been reports in both countries “At independence, 52% of the agricultural about ordinary individuals, officials, traditional farmland was in the hands of the white leaders and corporates illegally taking over pieces commercial farmer community, who made up 6% of land. Indeed, these land-related grievances are of the Namibian population. The remaining 94% of not unique to these two Southern African the population had to put up with owning only countries; Kenya, for example, has a similar 48% of the agricultural land”.1 As in South Africa problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Hc-Md-Civ-Mot-Gen-2017/00156 I
    REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA REPORTABLE HIGH COURT OF NAMIBIA MAIN DIVISION, WINDHOEK JUDGMENT CASE NO: CASE NUMBER: HC-MD-CIV-MOT-GEN-2017/00156 In the matter between: IMMANUEL SHAWANAMETITI NASHINGE FIRST APPLICANT SIONI IIKELA SECOND APPLICANT JOB AMUPANDA THIRD APPLICANT ELIJAH NGURARE FOURTH APPLICANT and SWAPO PARTY YOUTH LEAGUE FIRST RESPONDENT SECRETARY OF THE SWAPO PARTY YOUTH LEAGUE SECOND RESPONDENT THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF THE SWAPO PARTY YOUTH LEAGUE THIRD RESPONDENT VEIKKO NEKUNDI FOURTH RESPONDENT MANDELA KAPERE FIFTH RESPONDENT SECRETARY FOR LABOUR AND JUSTICE OF THE SWAPO PARTY YOUTH LEAGUE SIXTH RESPONDENT SWAPO PARTY OF NAMIBIA SEVENTH RESPONDENT Neutral citation: Nashinge v Swapo Party Youth League (HC-MD-CIV-MOT-GEN- 201700156) [2017] NAHCMD 242 (25 August 2017) 2 Coram: UEITELE, J Heard: 07 JULY 2017 Delivered: 04 AUGUST 2017 Reasons released 25 AUGUST 2017 Flynote: Practice — Applications and motions - Authority to institute proceedings - Irrelevant whether deponent to opposing affidavit authorised to depose to that affidavit - It is the opposition and prosecution of proceedings that must be authorised - Minimum requirement for deponent of opposing affidavit to state authority - Applicant, in challenging such authority, must adduce evidence to the effect that deponent has no such authority - respondent's deponent clearly stating his authority in the opposing affidavit - Challenge by applicant a weak one and accordingly dismissed. Voluntary Association - Meeting of - Chairman of - When entitled to adjourn meeting - Adjournment of a meeting is the interruption and suspension of the business of the meeting with the object of its resumption at a later date. Voluntary association - Rules of - Non - compliance with by association - When Court will interfere - Disregarding of rules - When Court will interfere - Onus on an applicant.
    [Show full text]
  • THOTKG Production Notes Final REVISED FINAL
    SCREEN AUSTRALIA, LA CINEFACTURE and FILM4 Present In association with FILM VICTORIA ASIA FILM INVESTMENT GROUP and MEMENTO FILMS INTERNATIONAL A PORCHLIGHT FILMS and DAYBREAK PICTURES production true history of the Kelly Gang. GEORGE MACKAY ESSIE DAVIS NICHOLAS HOULT ORLANDO SCHWERDT THOMASIN MCKENZIE SEAN KEENAN EARL CAVE MARLON WILLIAMS LOUIS HEWISON with CHARLIE HUNNAM and RUSSELL CROWE Directed by JUSTIN KURZEL Produced by HAL VOGEL, LIZ WATTS JUSTN KURZEL, PAUL RANFORD Screenplay by SHAUN GRANT Based on the Novel by PETER CAREY Executive Producers DAVID AUKIN, VINCENT SHEEHAN, PETER CAREY, DANIEL BATTSEK, SUE BRUCE-SMITH, SAMLAVENDER, EMILIE GEORGES, NAIMA ABED, RAPHAËL PERCHET, BRAD FEINSTEIN, DAVID GROSS, SHAUN GRANT Director of Photography ARI WEGNER ACS Editor NICK FENTON Production Designer KAREN MURPHY Composer JED KURZEL Costume Designer ALICE BABIDGE Sound Designer FRANK LIPSON M.P.S.E. Hair and Make-up Designer KIRSTEN VEYSEY Casting Director NIKKI BARRETT CSA, CGA SHORT SYNOPSIS Inspired by Peter Carey’s Man Booker prize winning novel, Justin Kurzel’s TRUE HISTORY OF THE KELLY GANG shatters the mythology of the notorious icon to reveal the essence behind the Life of Ned KeLLy and force a country to stare back into the ashes of its brutal past. Spanning the younger years of Ned’s Life to the time Leading up to his death, the fiLm expLores the bLurred boundaries between what is bad and what is good, and the motivations for the demise of its hero. Youth and tragedy colLide in the KeLLy Gang, and at the beating heart of this tale is the fractured and powerful Love story between a mother and a son.
    [Show full text]