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Dissertation Esmeralda Agolli FINAL UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Shaping of Social Complexity, Networks and Cultural Transmissions: Pottery from the Bronze and Iron Age Communities of Southern Illyria and Northern Epirus (2500-500 B.C.) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nd2w8zt Author Agolli, Esmeralda Publication Date 2014 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nd2w8zt#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ! UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Shaping of Social Complexity, Networks and Cultural Transmissions: Pottery from the Bronze and Iron Age Communities of Southern Illyria and Northern Epirus (2500–500 B.C.) A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology by Esmeralda Agolli 2014 ! ! © Copyright by Esmeralda Agolli 2014 ! ! ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Shaping of Social Complexity, Networks and Cultural Transmissions: Pottery from the Bronze and Iron Age Communities of Southern Illyria and Northern Epirus (2500–500 B.C.) by Esmeralda Agolli Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor John K. Papadopoulos, Chair This research takes a full synopsis of pottery analysis in the late prehistoric communities of southern Illyria and northern Epirus (modern state of Albania) covering a span of 2000 years from the Early Bronze to the Developed Iron Age (2500–500 B.C.) Initially I deal with the current state of the pottery research examining the flaws of the culture-historical approach heavily amalgamated with nationalistic and ethnocentric agendas. The principal scope of this study is to apply to this type of archaeological data a cohesive theoretical and methodological framework that shifts attention on subject matters that pottery has the potential to highlight. In so doing the research focusses on a twofold perspective that considers the synchronic and diachronic dynamics: first, it deals with the technological profile of the pottery and to what extent modes of production reflect the socio-economic organization of the pre-urban societies in southern Illyria and northern ! ! Epirus. The analysis of the production step measure, standardization and innovation concludes that pottery production during late prehistory maintains a steady technological profile developed within the domain of the household and likely controlled by women within sedentary, self-subsistent and not highly hierarchical social groups based on a subsistence strategy of farming and herding. Despite its sophistication pottery production is highly conditioned by socio-economic and demographic dynamics and does not transcend the domain of the household. Second, this dissertation presents a systematic analysis of the distribution of the qualitative attributes of the pottery that aims to explore the intensity of regional and intra-regional interactions and what nuances they provide for cultural transmissions. The conceptual and ideational examination of fabric, vessel formation, and decoration indicate that the model of the regional and intra-regional interactions is entirely ruled by geographic proximity and any innovative trait occurring in the pottery is likely the result of the movement of ideas, rather than any type of formal market exchange. I argue that this spontaneous and evidently unintentional dissemination is characterized by a combination of vertical and horizontal model of transmission controlled by artisans/mothers, mothers-in-law and the apprentices/daughters and daughters-in-law who transferred by marriage from the parents’ to the husband’s house and thus constantly transform and enrich the tradition of pottery making. ! ! The dissertation of Esmeralda Agolli is approved. Cathy Costin Sarah P. Morris Charles Stanish John K. Papadopoulos, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2014 ! ! TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………… ii Committee page……………………………………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………….. v Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………………….. viii Vita/Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………… xi Chapter 1: Introduction: Towards an Alternative Epistemological Approach to Pottery Studies in Southern Illyria and Northern Epirus…………………………... 1 1.a. The Cultural-Historical Tradition of Pottery Studies in Albania………………… 2 1.b. Recent Trends in the Studies of late prehistory in Albania……………………… 12 1.c. Scope of the Present Study………………………………………………………. 13 Chapter 2: The Conceptual Construction of the Research Query: The Ramifications of Processual, Technology and Neo-Evolutionary Theoretical Approaches to Social Organization and Cultural Transmission………………………………… 16 2.a. The Processual Approach and Shift towards the Socio-Economic Profile 17 2.b. The Reconstruction of the Socio-Economic Profile through the Process of Manufacture……………………………………………………………………… 21 2.c. The Ramifications of Dual Inheritance Theory on Social Organization and Cultural Transmissions…………………………………………………………... 24 Chapter 3: Research Strategy: The Measurements of the Technological and Ideational Profiles of the Pottery of the Late Prehistoric Communities of Southern Illyria………………………………………………………………………………. 30 3.a. Background to the Sample Size………………………………………………….. 31 3.b. A Measurement of the Production Process from Output………………………... 33 3.c. The Assessment of Dimensional Standardization……………………………….. 36 3.d. The Assessment of Innovation in Pottery Manufacture…………………………. 41 3.e. The Ideational Profile of Pottery Production: Towards a Conceptual Methodological Approach……………………………………………………….. 43 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Interpretations, I: Technological Profile of Pottery Production in the Late Prehistoric Communities of Southern Illyria and Northern Epirus 2500–500 B.C…………………………………………………… 48 4.a. The Early Bronze Age: 2500–1900/1800 B.C…………………………………... 49 4.a.1. The Production Step Measure during the Early Bronze Age………………….. 50 4.a.2. The Measurement of the Morphological Standardization during the Early Bronze Age……………………………………………………………... 51 4.b. The Middle Bronze Age: 1900/1800–1450 B.C………………………………… 52 4.b.1. The Production Step Measure during the Middle Bronze Age……………….. 55 4.b.2. Innovation of pottery Production during the Middle Bronze Age……………. 56 4.c. The Late Bronze Age: 1450–1200/1100 B.C…………………………………… 58 4.c.1 The Production Step Measure during the Late Bronze Age…………………… 59 4.c.2. The Measure of Morphological Standardization during the Late Bronze Age……………………………………………………………… 62 4.c.3. The Innovation of Pottery Production during the Late Bronze Age…………... 65 4.d. The Early Iron Age: 1200–800 B.C……………………………………………... 68 4.d.1. The Production Step Measure during the Early Iron Age……………………... 70 4.d.2. The Measure of Morphological Standardization during the Early Iron Age………………………………………………………………… 76!! ! ! 4.d.3. The Innovation of Pottery Production during the Early Iron Age……………. 80 4.e. The Second Phase of the Iron Age: 800–600 B.C……………………………… 85 4.e.1. The Production Step Measure during the Second Phase of the Iron Age…………………………………………………………………………….. 85 4.e.2. The Measure of Morphological Standardization during the Second Phase of the Iron Age……………………………………… 88 4.e.3. The Innovation of Pottery Production during the Second Phase of the Early Iron Age…………………………………………………………. 90 4.f. The Third Phase of the Iron Age: 600–500 B.C………………………………... 93 4.f.1. The Production Step Measure during the Third Phase of the Iron Age………………………………………………………………… 94 4.f.2. The Measure of Morphological during the Third Phase of Early Iron Age……………………………………………………………… 96 4.f.3. The Innovation of Pottery Production during the Third Phase of the Iron Age………………………………………………………………... 98 4.g. The Evolution of Pottery Production during the Late Prehistoric Period……………………………………………………………... 100 Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Interpretations, II: Cultural Transmissions, Regional and Intraregional Networks in the Late Prehistoric Communities of Southern Illyria and Northern Epirus 2500–500 B.C…………………………………………………………………….. 109 5.a. The Early Bronze Age: 2500–19/1800 B.C…………………………………….. 110 5.a.1. Pottery Fabric during the Early Bronze Age………………………………….. 110 5.a.2. Vessel Formation during the Early Bronze Age……………………………… 111 5.a.3. Decoration during the Early Bronze Age……………………………………... 114 5.b. The Middle Bronze Age: 1900/1800–1450 B.C………………………………... 116 5.b.1. Pottery Fabric during the Middle Bronze Age………………………………... 116 5.b.2. Vessel Formation during the Middle Bronze Age…………………………….. 118 5.b.3. Decoration during the Middle Bronze Age…………………………………… 119 5.c. The Late Bronze Age: 1450–1200/1100 B.C…………………………………… 121 5.c.1. Pottery Fabric during the Late Bronze Age…………………………………… 121 5.c.2. Vessel Formation during the Late Bronze Age……………………………….. 125 5.c.3. Decoration during the Late Bronze Age………………………………………. 132 5.d. The Early Iron Age: 1200–800 B.C…………………………………………….. 134 5.d.1. Pottery Fabric during the Early Iron Age……………………………………... 135 5.d.2. Vessel Formation during the Early Iron Age…………………………………. 138 5.d.3. Decoration during the Early Iron Age………………………………………... 154 5.e. The Second Phase of the Iron Age: 800–600 B.C……………………………… 162 5.e.1. Pottery Fabric during the Second Phase of the Iron Age……………………... 162 5.e.2. Vessel Formation during the Second Phase of the Iron Age…………………. 164 5.e.3. Decoration during the Second Phase of the Iron Age………………………… 177 5.f. The Third Phase of the Iron Age: 600–500 B.C…………………………………
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