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The Story of Ancient Egypt 1 "^n ^w m^ L^w. •'^' ='=^ * * -" ••' *•' *.* g i __i I : V 11 ^^Bl I p \m i B ji 1-' b -;\\ 1 -5 HI V 1 s iiid 1 Imil yLi Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from University of Toronto littp://www.arcliive.org/details/storyofancienteOOrawl THE STORY OF THE NATIONS I2MO, ILLUSTRATED. PER VOL., $1.50 THE EARLIER VOLUMES ARE THE STORY OF GREECE. By Prof. Jas. A. Harrison THE STORY OF ROME. By Arthur Oilman THE STORY OF THE JEWS. By Prof. Jas. K. Hosmer THE STORY OF CHALDEA. By Z. A. Ragozin THE STORY OF GERMANY. By S. Baring-Gould THE STORY OF NORWAY. By Prof. H. H. Boyesen THE STORY OF SPAIN. By E. E. and Susan Hale THE STORY OF HUNGARY. By Prof. A. Vamb£ry THE STORY OF CARTHAGE. By Prof. Alfred J. Church THE STORY OF THE SARACENS. By Akthur Gilman THE STORY OF THE MOORS IN SPAIN. By Stanley Lane-Poole THE STORY OF THE NORMANS. By Sarah O. Jewett THE STORY OF PERSIA. By S. G. W. Be.mjamin THE STORY OF ANCIENT EGYPT. By Geo. Rawlinson THE STORY OF ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. By I'rof.J.P.MAHAFFV THE STORY OF ASSYRI.-^. By Z. A. Ragozin THE STORY OF IRELAND. By Hon. Emily Lawless THE STORY OF THE GOTHS. By Henry Bradley For prospectus of the series see end of this volume G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON GREAl llAl.l- Ol' coll M.Nh Al KAH.NAlv (kliSTOKED.) CBuilt by Seti I.) ; I LJB RaRY ^^^ flhe IJloig o( the jja lions THE STORY OF ANCIENT EGYPT GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A. CAMDEN PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, AND CORRESPONDING MEiMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF TURIN AUTHOR OF " THE FIVE GREAT MONARCHIES OF THE ANCIENT EASTERN WORLD," ETC. ETC. WITH THE COLLABORATION OF ARTHUR OILMAN, M.A. AUTHOR OF " A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE," "tHE STORY OF ROME," " THE STORY OF THE SAR.\CENS," ETC. NEW YORK AND LONDON G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS i,ht Jiuitlurbodur "^xcss 1888 Copyright By G. P Putnam's Sons 1887 Entered at Stationers' Hall, London By T. Fisher Unwin Press of G. P. Putnam's Sons New York REGINALD STUART POOLE, KEEPER OF COINS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, AND CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, IN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF MUCH HELP AND MUCH PLEASURE DERIVED FROM HIS EGYPTIAN LABOURS. — CONTENTS. PAGE The Land of Egypt 1-22 General shape of Eg}-pt, i — Chief divisions : twofold the division, 2 ; threefold division, 3—The Egypt, of maps unreal, 4—Egypt, " the gift of the river," in what sense, 5, 6—The Fayoum, 7 —Egj'ptian speculations concerning the Nile, 7, 8—The Nile not beautiful, 8— Size of Egypt, 9—Fer- tility, 10—Geographical situation, 11, 12—The Nile, as a means of communication, 12, 13—Phenomena of the inunda- tion, 13, 14—Climate of Egypt, 14—Geology, 15 —Flora and Fauna, 16, 17—General monotony, 19—Exceptions, 20-22. II. The People of Egypt 23-45 Origin of the Egyptians, 23—Phenomena of their language and type, 24—Two marked varieties of physique, 25—Two types of character : the melancholic, 25, 27 : the gay, 27-29 31 —Character of the Egyptian religion : polytheism, 30, Animal worship, 31-33—Worship of the monarch, 33 Osirid saga, 34, 35—Evil gods, 36—Local cults, 37—Esoteric belief, religion, 38 ; how reconciled with the popular 39 Conviction of a life after death, 40, 41 —Moral code, 41-43— Actual state of morals, 43—Ranks of society, 44, 45. —: X CONTENTS. PAGE III. The Dawn of History ..... 46-64 Early Egyptian myths : the Seb and Thoth legends, 46, 4}— The destruction of mankind by Ra, 48—Traditions concerning M'na, or Menes, 48—Site of Memphis, 49—Great Temple of Phthah at Memphis, 50, 51 —Names of Memphis, 51 —Question of the existence of M'na, 52, 53—Supposed successors of M'na, 54—First historical Egyptian, Sneferu, 55—The Egypt of his time, 56—Hieroglyphics, 57 —Tombs, 58— Incipient pyra- mids, 59, 60—Social condition of the people, 60—Manners, 61 — Position of women, 62-64. IV. The Pyramid Builders ..... 65-94 Difficult to realize the conception of a great pyramid, 65 Egyptian idea of one, 66—Number of pyramids in Egypt the Principal Three, 67—Description of the " Third Pyramid," 67-71; of the "Second Pyramid," 72; of the "First" or "Great Pyramid," 75-81 —The traditional builders, Khufu, Shafra, and Menkaura, 82 ; the pyramids their tombs, 82 Grandeur of Khufu's conception, 83—Cruelty involved in it, 84, 85—The builders' hopes not realized, 85, 86—Skill dis- played in the construction, 86—Magnificence of the archi- tectural effect, 89 — Inferiority of the "Third Pyramid," 90 —Continuance of the pyramid period, 91-94. V. The Rise of Thebes to Power, and the Early Thehan Kings ..... 95-] Shift of the seat of power—site of Thebes, 95 —Origin of the name of Thebes, 96— Earliest known Thcban king, Antef I., 97— Mis successors, Mentu-holep I. and "Antef the (jreat," 98— Other Antefs and Mentu-hoteps, 98, 99— Sankh-ka-ra and his fleet, 99, 100— Dynasty of Usurtasens and Amencmhats : — CONTENTS. I spirit of their civilization, loo, loi —Reign of Amenemhat I., I02—His wars and hunting expeditions, 103, 104— Usurtasen I. : his wars, 105—His sculptures and architectural works, 106— His obelisk, 107-109 — Reign of Amenemhat H. : tablet belonging to his time, 109, iio—Usurtasen II. and his con- quests, III, 112. VI. The Good Amenemhat and his Works , 113-T23 Dangers connected with the inundation of the Nile, twofold, 113—An excessive inundation, 114; a defective one, I15 Sufferingsfrom these causes under Amenemhat III., 115, 116^ Possible storage of water, 1 17—Amenemhat's reservoir, the "Lake Moeris," 1 18—Doubts as to its dimensions, 119, 120 Amenemhat's " Labyrinth," 121 — His pyramid, and name of Ra-n-mat, 122, 123. VII. Abraham in Egypt ..... 124-131 Wanderings of the Patriarch, 124—Necessity which drove him into Egypt, 125 — Passage of the Desert, 126—A dread anxiety unfaithfully met, 127—Reception on the frontier, and removal of Sarah to the court, 128—Abraham's material well-being, 129—The Pharaoh restores Sarah, 130—Probable date of the visit, 130—Other immigrants, 131. VIIL The Great Invasion —The Hyksos or Shep- herd Kings—Joseph and Apepi . 132-146 Exemption of Egypt hitherto from foreign attack, 132 — Threatening movements among the populations of Asia, 133 Manetho's tale of the " Shepherd " invasion, 134—The prob- able reality, 135, 136—Upper Egypt not overrun, 137—The —• Xll CONTENTS. PAGE first Hyksos king, Set, or Saites, 138— Duration of the rule, doubtful, 139—Character of the rule improves with time, 140 —Apepi's great works at Tanis, 144—Apepi and Ra-sekenen, 145—Apepi and Joseph, 146. IX. How THE Hyksos were Expelled from Egypt 147-169 Rapid deterioration of conquering races generally, 147, 148 Recovery of the Egj-ptians from the ill effects of the invasion, 149—Second rise of Thebes to greatness, 150—War of Apepi with Ra-sekenen III., 151 — Succession of Aahmes ; war continues, 152—The Hyksos quit Egynt. 153—Aahmes perhaps assisted by the Ethiopians, 154-157. X. The First Great Warrior King, Thothmes I. 158-169 Early wars of Thothmes in Ethiopia and Nubia, 158-160 His desire to avenge the Hyksos invasion, 161 —Condition of Western Asia at this period, 162, 163—^Geographical sketch of the countries to be attacked, 164, 165—Probable informa- tion of Thothmes on these matters, 167—His great expedi- tion into Syria and Mesopotamia, 167 — His buildings, 168— His greatness insufliciently appreciated, 169. XI. Queen Hatasu and her Merchant Fleet . 170-1; High estimation of women in Egypt, 170— Early position of Hatasu as joint ruler with Thothmes H., 173— Her buildings at this period, 173—Her assumption of male attire and titles, 174-177 — Her nominal regency for Thothmes HI., and real sovereignty, 177, 178—Construction and voyage of her fleet; 178-183—Return of the expedition to Thebes, 184— Construc- tion of a temple to commemorate it, 185 — Joint reign of Hatasu with Thothmes III. — Her obelisks, 186— Her name oMilerattd bv I'ho'.hmcs, 187. — CONTENTS. xiii PAGE XII. Thothmes the Third and Amenhotep the Second 189-207 First expedition of Thothmes III. into Asia, 189-191 — His second and subsequent campaigns, 191, 192 —Great expedition of his thirty-third year, 192, 193—Adventure with an elephant, 194—Further expeditions : amount of pUmder and tribute, 195 —Interest in natural history, 196—Employment of a navy, 197— Song of victory on the walls of the Temple of Karnak, 198-199 —Architectural works, 199-201 —Their present wide diffusion, 202—Thothmes compared with Alexander, 203 Description of his person, 204— Position of the Israelites under Thothmes III., 205—Short reign of Amenhotep II., 206. XIII. Amen-hotep III. AND HIS Great Works—The ' Vocal Memnon ..... 208-222 " The Twin Colossi" of Thebes : their impressiveness, 208- 211 —The account given of them by their sculptor, 212—The Eastern Colossus, why called "The Vocal Memnon," 213, 214 — Earliest testimony to its being "vocal," 214—Rational ac- count of the phenomenon, 215-217—Amenhotep's temple at Luxor, 217, 218—His other buildings, 219—His wars and ex- peditions, 219, 220 —His lion hunts ; his physiognomy and character, 221, 222, XIV. KhUENATEN AND THE DiSK-WORSHIPPERS . 223-: Obscure nature of the heresy of the Disk-worshippers, 223- 225— Possible connection of Disk-worship with the Israelites, 226— Hostility of the Disk-worshippers to the old Egyptian religion, 227 —The introduction of the "heresy" traced to Queen Taia, 228—Great development of the "heresy" under her son, Amenhotep IV., or Khuenaten, 229—Other changes introduced bv him, 230.
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