DOCSLIB.ORG

Download File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download File Forest, People and Profit net equations for sustainability Article: Sh. N.C. Saxena Content Preface Introduction 1. Forest Policy of India 2. Social Forestry on Village Lands 3. Farm and Agro Forestry 4. Joint Forest Management 5. Equity Issues in Forestry Programmes 6. Demand and Prices for Timber and Fuelwood 7. Leasing of Forest Lands to Industries 8. Administrative Issues in Forestry 9. Summary of Main Recommendations Annexure I - India : Policies and Issues in Forest Sector Development Annexure II - List of Participants Appendix I List of Abbreviations Glossary of Terms References List of Tables and Figures Preface With increasing environmental awareness, sustainable development has attained top-most priority on National and International agenda, yet, the integration of sustainability into development planning remains largely a theoretical concern. If the objectives of sustainable development are to be realised, it is imperative that development administrators are exposed to the concepts of sustainable development, grounded in the techniques and methods of achieving sustainability and are sent out to their careers in the field fully conversant with the urgency and the expertise for achieving sustainable development. It is with this objective in mind that the Centre for Sustainable Development was established at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in April, 1994. The Centre seeks to create awareness among young development administrators and serving officers on sustainable development issues, conduct long and short term training programmes, network with other National and International institutions with similar interests, document all available research material on relevant issues and generally seek to make a break through in achieving sustainability in field level implementation of development plans. One of the activities of the Centre is to bring out a series of publications on various issues in sustainability which will be of relevance to the layman, the academic and the administrator. Based on extensive literature surveys, field trips and case studies substantiated by the findings from workshops conducted on each subject, each volume will emphasise the current status, guidelines for implementing sustainable concerns, constraints to successful implementation, policy prescriptions, and lessons from experience with an attempt at providing a practical manual on sustainable development administration. A vast array of topics ranging from forests, food and fisheries to watersheds, wasteland management and traditional wisdom will be covered in the series. The first of the series focuses on the much debated issue of forest lands. Retaining the existing forest cover, improving the quality of so-called forest land, bringing back the traditional ethos of preserving forests as part of the Indian heritage and lifestyle and making people part of the greening movement rather than policing the forests, the changing policies over the past century and their impact on the forest cover, the relevance of these policies in the context of liberalisation and structural adjustment are all addressed in this volume. Introduction Twenty three per cent of India's geographical area has been declared as forest land, and is mostly under the control of the government. For almost a century and until 1988, the policy was to use these lands for commercial purposes. Man-made plantations of industrial species were encouraged on forest lands, often by clear felling mixed forests. Even after India became independent in 1947, this policy continued. This policy led to deforestation, which increased rural poverty and unemployment on the one hand, and social unrest and conflict over rights on the other. A shift in thinking has occurred of late as planners recognised the difficulty of excluding people from forests; the importance of forests to people's livelihoods and the effectiveness of communities in local protection and management. In this context, a three day Workshop on 'Policy and Implementation Issues in Forestry' was organised by the Centre for Sustainable Development of the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie, at Mussoorie from July 4 to 6, 1994. The Workshop deliberated upon the evolution of the policies relating to forests, their implementation, and the problems encountered. It also endeavored to examine the role of voluntary organisations and their relationship with the Government in the forestry sector, involvement of people, particularly women, social forestry and its relationship with ecology and environment, development of the concept of joint forest management, implications of industry managing forests in the context of the new liberalisation policy, and a host of other forest-related issues. The broad objectives of the Workshop were as follows: · To discuss forest legislation and policy with the participants, · To assess the results of implementation of various social forestry projects, · To examine the constraints resulting in poor success of afforestation programmes, · To appreciate the relationship of people, particularly women, with the forest, · To anticipate problems in the implementation of joint forest management, and, · To evolve a viable policy framework for the greening of wastelands and management of CPRs Structure of the Workshop The three days of the Workshop were devoted to presentations followed by discussions both in plenary sessions and in group sessions. The first one and a half days were devoted to five plenary sessions. Each session began with a presentation followed by an open house discussion. The present forest policy and the legal framework were reviewed by Dr. N.C.Saxena, Director, LBSNAA. Shri S.Palit, Chief Conservator of Forests, Government of West Bengal made a presentation on the experience of social forestry on village lands and the involvement of village panchayats in afforestation. Discussion on farm forestry and agro-forestry was initiated by Shri Ranjit Issar, Joint Secretary, National Wastelands Development Board. Prof. K.C. Malhotra, I.S.I, Calcutta, presented a case study from West Bengal on the institutional aspects of joint forest management. Ms. Jaya Chatterjee, SPWD, discussed the role of NGOs in joint forest management. The participants broke into three groups for deliberations in the afternoon on the second day. The groups focused on (a) Administrative Issues, (b) Equity Issues and (c) Leasing and Marketing Issues. Group presentations were made on the last day followed by a summing up and concluding session. The participants were a mix of middle and senior level officers from Central and State Government Departments (both IAS and IFS) who were directly associated with the forestry sector either at the field level, or at the policy level. NGOs were also represented. An Overview Meeting the basic human needs of all who inhabit our earth in a way that fosters harmony between man and nature, is a challenge of our times. The Brundtland Commission Report (1987), the Rio Conference on Environment and Development (1992), and the setting up of a UN Commission for Sustainable Development have all been able to bring a global focus on the urgency of meeting human needs in a sustainable way. The Green Movement across developed and developing nations has stressed the need for evolving a participative system where people themselves shape their own destinies in a manner that future generations may also prosper. All such movements have highlighted the need to meet basic human needs, especially of the unprivileged poor, if conservation and sustainable development have to have a chance. Such global perspectives have made our national policies and priorities highly dynamic and receptive to eternally changing issues in the management of sustainable development. The national policy on forests and forest dwellers has also witnessed maximum responses to global concerns. These responses have been conditioned by the concerns emanating from depleting forest resources, meeting fuelwood and other energy needs of the people, the promotion of social, agro and farm forestry as a commercial venture, and JFM responses in the naturally regenerating forest regions. From a policy of policing against/ from the forest dwellers, we are now shifting to policing by the people. At a time when we have again started looking upon the forest dweller as a friend of the forests, it is imperative to evolve such community participation and sharing of forest products which results in empowerment of the people together with sustained growth of our forest cover. The advent of the British, their Empire building, and the network of the Indian railways, systematically put pressure on forests. Forests started being looked upon as a renewable asset that required management, in order to systematically meet the timber needs of the colonial masters. The process of alienating the forest dweller from the forests was given legitimacy by the Indian Forest Act and the administrative processes that were unleashed on forest regions after its inception. Villages were established in deep forest regions to facilitate the labour needs in extracting timber at a pace never witnessed before. The Forest Act, the Forest Working Plans, the Survey and Settlement Operations in the forest regions, were all aimed at limiting the rights of the people and transferring ownership of forests to the state. The categories of Reserved, Protected and Village Forests, the powers of a Forest Settlement Officer to change the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collaborative Research on Farm Adld Village Forestry
    Collaborative Research on Farm aDLd Village Forestry Organizers: ForestryIFuelwood Research and Development (FIFRED) Project International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development The Forestry IFuelwood Research and Development (FI FRED) Project is designed to help scientists aLlLlress the neeLls of small-scale farmers in the L1e.eloping world for fuel wood and other tree products. Funded by the U.S. Agency !I)r Interna­ tional Development. the project provides a network through which scientists exchange research plans. methods. and resuits. Research and development activities center on the production and use of trees that meet the several household needs of small farmers. FIFRED is implemented by the Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development. a private. non-profit U.S. organization working in agricultural development around th'~ worlLl. It was established in 1985 through the merging of the Agricultural Development Council. the International Agricultural Development Servile. and the Winrock International Livestock Research and Training Center. Winrock's mission is to reduce hunger and poverty in the world through sustainable agricultural and rural development. Winrock helps ~cople of developing areas to strengthen their agricultural research anLl extension systems. develop their human resources. institute appropriate food and agricultUi al policies. manage their renewahle resources. and improve their agricultural production systems. .. Collaborative Research on Farm and Village Forestry Report of a workshop held April 23-25, 1988 in Kathmandu, Nepal Editors: David A. Taylor and Charles B. Mehl Workshop co-sponsors: Forestry/Fuelwood Research and Development (FIFRED) Project International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development .. International Development Research Centre Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Nepal 1988 Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development ...
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Social Forest: Proportions and Groups
    || Volume 6 || Issue 1 || January 2021 || ISO 3297:2007 Certified ISSN (Online) 2456-3293 INDIAN SOCIAL FOREST: PROPORTIONS AND GROUPS Dr. Mohd Sadiq Ali Khan Principal, School Education, Sanskriti University, Mathura, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract: The forests are a highly appreciated ecological commodity that, under proper governance, can be fruitful and beneficial. The biggest, more diverse and self-generating forests of all ecosystems. Forests affect diverse factors including the climate, flora, fauna and civilization directly and effectively. They serve as buffer states among habitats created by natural or human beings. Forests also helped the human race over the years. The growing population of humans and animals has, however, resulted in unconscious agricultural use of forestry. This has contributed to a dramatic reduction in forest wealth in India in the last few years. The forest logging proceeded unregulated until the mid-1970s, contributing to the detrimental consequences of deforestation. This included soil erosion, flickering storms, lack of water, timber and fodder, the disappearance of important flora and fauna and global warming. The Indian government Launched a social forest project in 1976 to eliminate the pressure on current forestry by plants in all vacancies and fallow lands. This project was introduced in 1976 by the National Commission on Agriculture. The goal of this paper is to gain insight into the significance and components of Indian social forestry. It also aims to define social forestry forms and advantages and to evaluate some research studies in order to encourage social forestry in India. Keywords: Forest, India, Environment, Social, Agriculture, government -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I INTRODUCTION vegetation. Owing to the overgrazing of cattle, community pastures are worsening.
    [Show full text]
  • References – for All Case Studies and Overview
    Changing Ownership and Management of State Forest Plantations. References References – for all case studies and overview ABARE (2001). Australian Commodity Statistics 2001. Canberra. ACF (1988). The wood and the trees revisited. ACF responds to the forest industries. ACF, Hawthorn, Victoria. Acuiti Legal (2002). Tax concessions reintroduced for plantation forestry industry. www.ptaa.com.au/acuiti.html Accessed 30/04/2002. AFFA (Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry – Australia) (2002). Industry Development and Adjustment. Australia’s Unique Forests. www.affa.gov.au/ Accessed 31/07/2002 Afforestation Proprietary Limited. 1926. Timber wealth, something for all: a large return for a small investment. Afforestation Proprietary Ltd, Melbourne. 22p. Aldwell, P.H.B. 1984. Some social and economic implications of large-scale forestry in Waiapu County. Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua. 39p. Alexander, F. Brittle, S., Ha, A.G. Leeson, T. and Riley,C. (2000). Landcare and farm forestry: providing a basis for better resource management on Australian farms. ABARE report to the Natural Heritage Trust, Canberra. Anderson, J. (1997). Minister removes export controls on wood sourced from plantations in Western Australia. Media Release Department for Primary Industries and Energy, 22nd September 1997. Anderson, R.S. and W. Huber. 1988. The Hour of the Fox: Tropical Forests, The World Bank and Indigenous People in Central India. New Delhi: Vistaar/Sage. Anon. (2001). Gunns adds North Forest to its trees. The Australian March 20th 2001. Anon. 1996. NZ government rushes to sell forests. Green Left Weekly. URL: www.greenleft.org.au/back/1996/245/245p18.htm Accessed 28/11/2002 Anon. 1998. Job cuts decimate New Zealand forestry industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Forestry: a Tool for Improving Livelihood of Rural People
    A SEMINAR PAPER ON SOCIAL FORESTRY: A TOOL FOR IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL PEOPLE Course Title: Seminar Course Code: AFE 598 Summer’18 SUBMITTED TO: Course Instructors Major Professor 1. Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman Dr. Md. Abiar Rahman Professor, BSMRAU Professor, BSMRAU 2. Dr. A. K. M. Aminul Islam Dept. of Agroforestry & Environment Professor, BSMRAU 3. Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Professor, BSMRAU 4. Dr. Dinesh Chandra Shaha Assistant Professor, BSMRAU SUBMITTED BY: Zannatul Ferdaous Bony MS Student Reg. No.: 13-05-2992 Department of Agroforestry & Environment BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SALNA, GAZIPUR 1706 1 | P a g e Social Forestry- A Tool for Improving Livelihood of Rural People1 Zannatul Ferdaous Bony2 Abstract In many countries around the world, people living in rural areas have lower incomes and are generally less prosperous than their urban counterparts. Because of this, governments often attempt to promote rural development through the development of natural resources such as forests. Policies in developed countries tend to focus on increasing income and employment, whereas in developing countries rural development often has to meet more basic needs. However, when broader social and environmental considerations are taken into account, forests are considerably more important for rural communities. The utilization of forest resources could generate significant revenues for governments that could be used for rural development. A number of developing countries have implemented forest polices that aim to help rural communities. Examples include: Betagi and Pomra Community Forestry Project in Bangladesh; Joint Forest Management in India; Master Plan for Forestry Sector in Nepal; Promotion of Social Forestry and Rain Water Conservation Technology in Pakistan etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Learned from Community Forestry in Asia and Their Relevance for Redd+ Forest Carbon, Markets and Communities (Fcmc) Program
    LESSONS LEARNED FROM COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN ASIA AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR REDD+ FOREST CARBON, MARKETS AND COMMUNITIES (FCMC) PROGRAM FEBRUARY 2014 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by FCMC. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech, through a Task Order under the Prosperity, Livelihoods, and Conserving Ecosystems (PLACE) Indefinite Quantity Contract Core Task Order (USAID Contract No. EPP-I-00-06-00008-00, Order Number AID-OAA-TO-11-00022). This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 658-3890 Email: [email protected] www.tetratechintdev.com Forest Carbon, Markets and Communities Program (FCMC) 1611 North Kent Street, Suite 805 Arlington, VA 22209 Tel: (703) 592-6388 Scott Hajost, Chief of Party Email: [email protected] Ian Deshmukh, Senior Technical Advisor/Manager Email: [email protected] Olaf Zerbock, USAID Contracting Officer’s Representative Email: [email protected] For more information regarding this study, contact: Paula J. Williams, FCMC Social and Environmental Soundness Task Lead Email: [email protected] This report is one of four reports on “Lessons Learned from Community Forestry and Their Relevance for REDD+.” The series comprises three regional reviews on this topic, prepared for Latin America (by Janis Alcorn), Africa (by Tom Blomley) and Asia (by Robert Fisher). The global synthesis of the three regional reviews was prepared by Roy Hagen. Paula J. Williams has managed and served as the overall editor for the three regional reviews and a global synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry
    178 178 FAO FORESTRY PAPER Guidelines on urban and Guidelines on urban and peri-urban forestry peri-urban forestry Although cities occupy only 2 percent of the planet’s surface, their inhabitants use 75 percent of its natural resources; by 2050, 70 percent of the global population will live in cities and towns. Sustainable urban development is crucial, therefore, for ensuring the quality of life of the world’s people. Forests and trees in cities, if properly managed, can make Guidelines on urban and peri-urban forestry important contributions to the planning, design and management of sustainable, resilient urban landscapes. They can help make cities more pleasant, attractive and healthy places in which to live, as well as safer, wealthier and more diverse. A few years ago, FAO initiated a collaborative process to develop voluntary guidelines aimed at optimizing the contributions of forests and trees to sustainable urban development. Scientists, practitioners and public administrators from cities worldwide were brought together to discuss the elements and key challenges of urban forestry, and a smaller team of experts was assembled to distil this vast knowledge. This document is the ultimate result of that process. Intended for a global audience comprising urban decision-makers, civil servants, policy advisors and other stakeholders, it will assist in the development of urban and peri-urban forests that help meet the present and future needs of cities for forest products and ecosystem services. These guidelines will also help increase community awareness of the contributions that forests and trees can make to improving quality of life, and of their essential role in global sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • Forty Years of Community-Based Forestry
    176 176 FAO FORESTRY PAPER Forty years of Forty years of community-based forestry community-based forestry Forty years of community-based forestry – A review its extent and effectiveness A review of its extent and effectiveness A review of its extent and effectiveness Since the 1970s and 1980s, community-based forestry has grown in popularity, based on the concept that local communities, when granted sufcient property rights over local forest commons, can organize autonomously and develop local institutions to regulate the use of natural resources and manage them sustainably. Over time, various forms of community-based forestry have evolved in different countries, but all have at their heart the notion of some level of participation by smallholders and community groups in planning and implementation. This publication is FAO’s rst comprehensive look at the impact of community-based forestry since previous reviews in 1991 and 2001. It considers both collaborative regimes (forestry practised on land with formal communal tenure requiring collective action) and smallholder forestry (on land that is generally privately owned). The publication examines the extent of community-based forestry globally and regionally and assesses its effectiveness in delivering on key biophysical and socioeconomic outcomes, i.e. moving towards sustainable forest management and improving local livelihoods. The report is targeted at policy-makers, practitioners, researchers, communities and civil society. ISSN 0258-6150 ISBN 978-92-5-109095-4 ISSN 0258-6150 FAO FORESTRY
    [Show full text]
  • Indian March from Forestry and Agrobased Traditional Knowledge to Industry Based Pharma Industry
    Asian J. of Bio Sci. (2006) Vol. 1 No. 2 : 70-73 70 Indian march from forestry and agrobased traditional knowledge to industry based pharma industry Lokendra Singh* and Preeti Vats Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut - 250 004 (U.P.) India (Accepted : March, 2006) Agroforestry was born as a branch of forestry in 1960 at FRI, Dehradun to optimize production and economic returns per unit area in lieu of sustainable development besides meeting the social, cultural, religious, spiritual needs of human beings and maintain ecological equilibrium of the biome. Along with social forestry, farm forestry, organic farming and herbal gardens, agroforestry is also the answer to the good and technique based raw materials to the Pharma industry and alternative therapies such as Ayurvedic, Unani, Sidha, Homeopathy and Tibetan traditional system to meet the needs of domestic medicinal markets and as an export earner. Key words: Traditional knowledge, Agroforestry, Medicinal wealth, Pharma industry. INTRODUCTION main thrust on “Biodiversity conservation (BDC) and Joint Forest S megabiodiversity centre of the world, India is a hotspot Management (JFM)” aimed at benefiting both the local people as for a variety of forests having 8 distinct floristic regions and well as country at large. Along with Social Forestry, Urban 16A main natural formations with several subtypes (Aren, 2002). Forestry, Farm Forestry was launched in the late 1970 with the Despite a forest policy which dates back to 1894, rising human main focus on planting trees by government on village lands and and cattle population, deforestation, forest fires, denudation, uncultivated lands (BISR, 1986; Chaturvedi, 1979; FAO, 1988; shifting cultivation, commercial exploitation of flora and biopiracy, Bhattcharya, 1990; Tiwari, 1991; Saxena, 1996) to improve the placed forests under constant pressure, necessitating biological productivity and economic return of the same piece of comprehensive and holistic forest policy with priorities of efficient land.
    [Show full text]
  • Into Forestry?
    Forest Policy and Environment Programme: Grey Literature Putting ‘social’ into forestry? November 2005 Mary Hobley Jack Westoby’s challenge to the forestry world that ‘forestry is not about trees, it is about people. And it is about trees only insofar as trees can serve the needs of people’ (Westoby, 1967 cited in Leslie, 1987: ix) was first answered by social forestry. Its appearance on the international stage was as a response to the so-called poor-man’s fuelwood energy crisis, the supposed eco-disasters of the 1970s and most importantly the growing realisation that industrial forestry was failing to deliver the claimed socio-economic benefits. All of this was to have profound consequences on the future shape of the forest sector. The history of these changes is an important part of understanding why and how social forestry evolved. The post-war period from the mid 1940s to the late 1960s was a period of increasing prosperity, rapid industrialisation and full employment within the core countries of the Western world. Modernisation theories permeated all sectors, including forestry. Westoby in a seminal paper of 1962 advanced the argument that industrial forestry would stimulate development in underdeveloped countries (Westoby, 1962). He held that forest-based industries had strong forward and backward linkages with the rest of the economy because they furnished a wide range of goods and services and used mainly local inputs. The demand for forest products was forecast to rise rapidly following the rapid industrialisation of all economies. These arguments provided the basis for forest policy development in both developed and less developed countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring and Evaluation of Social Forestry in India - an Operational Guide N Operational Guide • the Monitoring Nd Evaluation F Social Forestry I India
    Monitoring and evaluation of social forestry in India - an operational guide n operational guide • the monitoring nd evaluation f social forestry I India . Slade I iabrlel Campbell 1 contributions from .oronha .uhathakurta repplng I ~st officers in India The designations employed and the presentation 01 material in this publication do not imply the eKpression 01 any opinion whatsoever on the part 01 the Food and Agriculture Organization 01 the United Nations concerning the legal status 01 any country. territory. city or area or of its authorities. or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M·36 ISBN 92·5-102509-6 All rights reserved. No part 01 this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted in any lorm or by any means, electronic. mechanical. photocopying or otherwise. without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications lor such permission. with a statement of the purpose and eKtent 01 the reproduction. should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Via delle Terme di Caracalla. 00100 Rome. Italy. ©FA01H1 (iii) FAO FOREWORD Monitoring and evaluation should be an integral part of the sound management of any form of forestry project. In projects which seek to help rural people participate in and benefit from forestry activities they are essential. As Dr. Choudhry explains in her preface to this publication, M&E provides decision makers with essential information and also permits the assumptions upon which policy and projects are based to be reviewed in the light of objective, quantified evidence. Social, communal and other forms of participatory forestry projects are nearly everywhere still young; much remains to be learned.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Social Forestry in Poverty Alleviation – a Case Study from India
    Theme : (10) - The role of forestry in poverty alleviation and in supporting human livelihoods in developing countries. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL FORESTRY IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION – A CASE STUDY FROM INDIA Dr. S. K. Sharma Head, Environmental Education Carman School, Dehradun 248007, India E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT The total forest cover of India as per State of Forest Report 2003 is 678,333 km², which constitutes 20.64 % of the geographic area of the country, plays a significant role in biodiversity protection, global environment conservation, landside prevention and soil preservation, headwater conservation, health, recreational and cultural, material production (timber, food such as mushroom etc, fertilizers, feeds, raw material for pharmaceutical and other industrial products, extracted ingredients, greening materials etc). The role of tropical evergreen forests raising the Willow (salix) and bamboos in the North-East India has been studied vis-à-vis employment generation and poverty alleviation through social forestry program INTRODUCTION The total forest cover of India of about 678,333 km² has a variety of habitats of ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine vegetation and from temperate forests to coastal wetland. India is also a center of agro biodiversity. It is a homeland of nearly 167 cultivated species and the global exchange of biota existed since historical times. The pre-historic Aryans in India were worshippers of nature. The epic Vedas and Upanishads were composed by our sages singing, “may the god, the water, the plants and the forest trees accept our prayer……..may the blessings of trees protect us forever”. The Puranas have said “one tree is equal to ten sons because trees means water, water means bread and bread is life”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Select Bibliography on Social Forestry with Emphasis on Forestry Extension Education
    A Select Bibliography on Social Forestry With Emphasis on Forestry Extension Education Dhara S. Gill Janaki R.R. Alavalapati Staff Paper No. 90-06 The authors are Professor, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Divisional Forest Officer, Forestry Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, India and currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, respectively. The authors wish to acknowledge assistance of the Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa and Forestal International Ltd., Vancouver, for this study. The Department of Rural Economy provides the opportunity for academic staff members to present unrefereed general information, preliminary research results, and points of view in printed form for the use of interested readers. While the Department supports and administers these projects, the ideas and opinions expressed are strictly those of the authors. Readers are encouraged to communicate directly with the authors on matters of interest or concern relating to these publications. , i t r A Foreword The Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta was established in 1962 as a department emphasizing agricultural economics and farm management. It had broadened its emphasis to include rural sociology by 1967 and forest economics by 1971. Through the 1970s the Department grew in size and stature. Collaborative research integrating these fields took place. There was an increased emphasis on international scholarly activity as well. Among the most recent thrusts reflecting the integration of agricultural and forest economics and rural sociology during the 1980s is agroforestry/social forestry. Even wider efforts have been underway during the past three years to establish an agroforestry thrust in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of which Rural Economy is a part.
    [Show full text]