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3. Forests and Forestry in Pakistan: Strategy for Sustainable Development

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3. Forests and Forestry in Pakistan: Strategy for Sustainable Development RWEDP Report No. 49 REGIONAL WOOD ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN ASIA GCP/RAS/154/NET WOODFUEL PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN PAKISTAN NATIONAL WORKSHOP Faisalabad, Pakistan 28 - 30 October 1997 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bangkok, May 2000 This publication is printed by the FAO Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone and do not imply any opinion on the part of the FAO. Photo Credits: Punjab Forest Research Institute (PFRI) Tara N. Bhattarai (TB) For copies write to: Regional Wood Energy Development Programme c/o FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Tel: 66-2-280 2760 Maliwan Mansion, Phra Atit Road, Fax: 66-2-280 0760 Bangkok, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] Or visit our website: http://www.rwedp.org FOREWORD Traditional biomass fuels play an important role in the energy balance of Pakistan. They meet over 45% of the energy demand, of which the share of woodfuel alone is about 25%. The domestic and commercial sectors together consume about 50% and their demand is growing at a rate of over 3% per annum. Most of the rural and many urban households rely on traditional biomass fuels, primarily for cooking as well as space heating in cooler months. This makes the domestic sector the largest single consumer of traditional fuels in Pakistan, about 86%. Other users include rural industries and some commercial establishments. Information on the supply side of woodfuels is quite striking. As only about 5% of the total land area is under forest and other wooded land categories, only 10% of the total woodfuel demand is being met from these two types of land. As much as 90% of the woodfuels is being supplied from non-forest land of different types which are under private, community or government ownership and/or management. In various parts of Pakistan, trees are an integral part of traditional farming systems, under specific land-types, management objectives and agro-ecological zones. Recently, the national program of Social Forestry Development has successfully integrated fast-growing multipurpose trees even in irrigated lands in virtually all Provinces (e.g. NWFP, Punjab and Sindh). Therefore, the supply potential of both wood and fuelwood from non-forest lands has expanded significantly in recent years. Various factors have contributed to the success of this new national program in Pakistan. Amongst them are the policy of the national government, the additional resources from donor agencies, the commitment and hard work of the Provincial Forestry Departments, as well as the technical assistance of the PFI-Peshawar and many other institutes related to R&D, training and education in forestry and agro-forestry. RWEDP feels delighted whenever it gets an opportunity to link with these institutions and support the professionals in their efforts towards sustainable wood energy development in Pakistan. In the past years, RWEDP has collaborated mostly with the PFI at Peshawar and the PCAT at Islamabad, in activities related to wood energy development in Pakistan. One regional and two national training workshops were already hosted in Pakistan, covering different aspects of wood energy and their reports have been published. The present publication on Woodfuel Production and Marketing in Pakistan reports on the national workshop in Punjab which was coordinated by Mr.T. Bhattarai, Wood Energy Resources Specialist of RWEDP. Two new institutions, the Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI) and the Marketing Division (MD), University of Agriculture (UA), have collaborated in hosting the national workshop in Faisalabad, in October 1997. Important issues related to woodfuel production and marketing were discussed elaborately by the experts from agencies of the government and selected NGO’s. The workshop has recommended a number of actions which will further strengthen the wood energy sector. RWEDP expresses its sincere thanks and appreciation to Sahibzada M. Hafiz, Director of PFRI, and Prof. (Dr.) Qamar Mohy-ud-Din, Chairman of MD, UA, for successfully hosting the national workshop. Thanks are also due to the colleagues in PFRI for their time and effort in compiling the report. Dr. W.S. Hulscher Chief Technical Adviser FAO/RWEDP i PREFACE In the South Asian and South East Asian Regions 30-80% of household energy consumed is of biomass origin. Presently there is a tremendous gap between the demand for and the supply of woodfuel, particularly in the rural household sector. The gap is likely to widen with a population growth rate of 2.9% - one of the highest in the world. The contribution of state forests to meeting woodfuel energy needs has been stagnating at about 10% for the last few decades, largely as a result of administrative and legislative failures in the management of state forests. Intensive monoculture practices combined with the excessive use of fertilizer and pesticides have degraded the rural soil production potential thus making the net return negative with respect to some agricultural crops. To regenerate and sustain the productive capability of the soil in rural areas as well as to meet the wood fuel requirements of the rural masses, the integration of appropriately designed silvicultural practices into farming systems has become imperative. Realizing this, the Regional Wood Energy Development Programme (RWEDP) in collaboration with the Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI) and the Marketing Division of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad organized a 3-day workshop on Woodfuel Production and Marketing at PFRI, Faisalabad from 28th - 30th October 1997. The major objectives of the workshop were to: assess the prevailing woodfuel production and utilization patterns; analyze the rural outreach strategies of forestry extension programmes and enhance the capabilities of government organizations and community based organizations to plan and implement integrated rural land resource management programmes. Nineteen papers were presented to the workshop participants by research scholars and professionals representing 8 different organizations engaged in forestry, agricultural, soil and environmental sciences. The conspicuous output of the course was a set of recommendations for follow-up action. PFRI, Faisalabad, is highly indebted to RWEDP for its financial and technical support to organize this workshop. Mr. Tara N. Bhattarai's participation greatly contributed to the success of the workshop and I am grateful to him for giving so much of his time and energy. Thanks are also due to the Marketing Division of UAF, Faisalabad for its collaboration as a co-organizer. Sahibzada Mohammad Hafeez Director, PFRI, Faisalabad ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD............................................................................................................................................I PREFACE ...............................................................................................................................................II LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... VIII PART I: PROCEEDINGS ........................................................................................................................ 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ........................................................................................1 1.1 Organizing Institutions .............................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................1 1.3 Workshop Participants.............................................................................................................2 1.4 Workshop Process ..................................................................................................................2 2. SUMMARIES OF THE TECHNICAL PAPERS AND QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONS ....3 2.1 Woodfuel in the National Energy Balance...............................................................................3 2.2 The Role of NGOs in Promoting Fuelwood Production in Pakistan ........................................4 2.3 Forests and Forestry in Pakistan - Strategy for Sustainable Development.............................4 2.4 Woodfuel Production in Sind with Reference to "Hurries".......................................................5 2.5 Development of Salt-Affected Wasteland for Wood Production in Pakistan...........................6 2.6 Patterns and Problems of Fuelwood Consumption and Production in Salt Effected Areas ....................................................................................................................................7 2.7 Woodfuel Trends and Prospects in Pakistan ..........................................................................7 2.8 Fuelwood Distribution System in Sindh...................................................................................8 2.9 NGOs and Fuelwood Production Development Projects ........................................................9
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