Tectonic Setting Seismic Hazard Epicentral Region

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic

Network

H G e

g U EURASIA PLATE M7.0 Papuad , IndonH esia, Earthquakes of 16 June 2010

i O

R C

T N

E A a W e s t

P Tectonic Setting R M a r i a n a N

120° 130° - 140° 150° B a s i n A T

I P u PHILIPPINE SEA R

h Agana P h i l i p p i n e H A

F a u l t PLATE s A I u N L M y A Epicentral Region I

K I P R P H I L I P P I N E S P h i l i p p i n e 130° 132° 134° 136° 138° 140° 142° P M A I B a s i n N

10° E 10° N Caroline Islands

A T H PACIFIC PLATE W R A G F E D E R A T E D S T A T E S L U E O F M I C R O N E S I A EXPLANATION A O Davao N P R Kota T Kinabalu C Papua, Indonesia H Mag ≥ 7.0

2° 2° B R U N E I 0 - 69 km 16 June 2010 03:16 UTC C e l e b e s B a s i n W e s t C a r o l i n e E a s t C a r o l i n e B a s i n 70 - 299 I A B a s i n 2.171° S., 136.549° E. S Y A Depth 18 km L CAROLINE 300 - 600 A Manado K Mw = 7.0 (USGS) M PLATE CAROLINE a

PLATE i N NORTH n E Plateg Boundaries W R G a At least seventeen people killed, 10,000 displaced, 2,556 U i Borne0°o Samarinda INEA ANUS TR BISMARCK 0° s m T M OU e MOLUCCA RE GH a Subduction buildings damaged or destroyed (VI), landslides and utilities Balikpapan N PLATE r C a disrupted on Yapen. Several buildings damaged or SEA H n

i B' destroyed (VI) on Biak. Felt (V) at Nabire and (IV) at

I N D O N E S I PLAATE BIRD'S HEAD Jayapura Transform

PLATH E a Manokwari, Papua. Also felt at Aberpura. C

Kendari Ambon N e Divergent E S 0° 0° N

R ew SOUTH Makassar G a 2009 T u BISMARCK Greater Sunda Islands BANDA SEA MAOKE ine c M COo nLve rUge nCt C A S B A N D A S E A A a c PLATE PLATE PLATE Lae D IN T u TA RE l RI N N B C Active Volcanoes 1996 Lesser Sunda Islands A EPICENTRAL REGION o W H B NE Mataram P A P U A M TIMOR T I M O R - L E S T E Port S N E W G U I N E A Moresby U PLATE S N Kupang OU D 10° A R A F U R A S E A 10° TH Biak Islands A S ( J O 1979 AVA ) WOODLARK LO 2002 T R EN C 95 mm/yr M H H Darwin PLATE O N C SOLOMON SEA N TRE 1914 AUSTRALIA PLATE PLATE 2° 2° C o r a l S e a N o r t h B a s i n A u s t r a l i a n AUSTRALIA PLATE WEST PAPUA B a s i n Jayapura B a n d a S e a Vanimo 1916

1971 C O R A L S E A 1926 2002 Maluku 110 mm/yr Irian Jaya 1917 G West Sepik 120° 130° 140° 150° r PAPUA E x m o u t h e EXPLANATION Wewak P l a t e a u a 1935 Scale 1:20,000,000 t RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS D Kilometers 4° 4° i v Main Shock 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 Eastern Indonesia is a region of complex plate i d East Sepik interactions. From a global perspective, eastern i n Aftershocks Indonesia consists of microplates whose relative g motions absorb the convergence of the Pacific, R Earthquake Magnitude Australia, and Eurasia plates.( Pacific Plate a 1938 boundary is east of this map). n g 5.50 - 5.99

e 6.00 - 6.99 Enga P H IL IP P I N E S Seismic Hazard 7.00 - 7.99 120° 130° 140° 150° 1943 VIETNAM 8.00 6-° 8.99 Western Southern 6° Highlands 9.00 - 9.99

10° 10° Earthquake Dep19t6h3 Gulf 130° 132° 134° 136° 138° 140° 142° 0 - 69 Scale 1:4,400,000 Note on earthquakes: From 1900 - 1963, earthquakes shown are from Davao Centennial Catalog, magnitudes greater than 5.5. From 1964 - 2002, Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 7.5 Kota 70 - 299 Kilometers Kinabalu earthquakes are from HDF catalog, magnitudes greater than 4.5. From 0 125 250 500 2003 to present, earthquakes are from NEIC, magnitudes greater than 4.5. Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag 300 - 700 1914 05 26 1422 -2.000 137.000 0 7.9 1916 01 13 0820 -3.000 135.500 0 7.6 1917 07 29 2152 -3.500 141.000 0 7.6 1926 10 26 0344 -3.219 139.097 35 7.5 Manado 1935 09 20 0146 -3.920 141.330 35 8.1 1938 02 01 1904 -5.050 131.620 35 8.4 1943 11 06 0831 -6.000 134.500 0 7.6 0° Samarinda 0° 1963 11 04 0117 -6.733 129.684 35 7.8 Balikpapan 1971 01 10 0717 -3.232 139.744 54.9 7.7 1979 09 12 0517 -1.688 135.966 18.9 7.5 Jayapura TECTONIC SUMMARY REFERENCES 1996 02 17 0559 -0.919 136.973 36.5 8.2 Kendari Ambon New Ireland The magnitude 7.0 Papua, Indonesia earthquake of June 16, 2010, 03:16 UTC, occurred as a result of strike-slip Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. 2002 09 08 1844 -3.302 142.945 13 7.6 New faulting. The causative fault has not yet been identified, though the radiation pattern of seismic waves generated by 2002 10 10 1050 -1.757 134.297 10 7.6 IN D O NE S I A Makassar Britain Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., 2009 01 03 1943 -0.414 132.885 17 7.6 SOLOMON the earthquake is consistent with either left-lateral faulting on an east-northeast striking fault or right-lateral faulting International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p. PAPUA ISLANDS Lae Choiseul on a north-northwest striking fault. NEW GUINEA Bougainville Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved EPICENTRAL REGION P.N.G. Santa Isabel travel times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. Mataram Eastern Indonesia is characterized by complex tectonics in which motions of numerous small plates are Dili Port Moresby accommodating large-scale convergence between the Australia, Pacific, and Eurasia plates. The earthquake lies near 10° Kupang 10° the boundary between what some workers term the Birds Head microplate and the Maoke microplate. This Guadalcanal microplate boundary has been modeled as an east-northeast trending boundary that accommodates approximately 80 mm/year left-lateral motion. The focal mechanism of today's earthquake is consistent with it occurring within the Darwin proposed microplate boundary, either as left-lateral slip on a boundary-parallel fault or as right-lateral slip on a DATA SOURCES conjugate fault that is tectonically related to the microplate boundary. In light of large uncertainty in tectonic EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD modeling of eastern Indonesia, however, any particular hypothesis for the causative fault of the earthquake must be USGS, National Earthquake Information Center regarded as tentative pending further study. NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) Eastern Indonesia experiences many strong earthquakes. Since 1979, the region within 300 km of the main-shock of HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) June 16, 2010, has experienced eight other earthquakes with magnitude larger than 7, the largest of which had Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program magnitude 8.2. PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL 120° 130° 140° 150° PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007) 1:20,000,000 Seismic hazard is expressed as peak Scale ground acceleration (PGA) on firm A U S T R A LKIiloAmeters BASE MAP 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World rock, in meters/sec², expected to be USGS, EROS Data Center exceeded in a 50-yr period with a DISCLAIMER NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models probability of 10 percent. Base map data, such as place names and political Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2 boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey should not be regarded as having official significance. National Earthquake Information Center 6 August 2010 (updated) .2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 Map not approved for release by Director USGS