110° E 130° E 150° E 170° E
INDIA CHINA CHINA (TAIWAN)
Monywa VIETNAM
MYANMAR LAOS CHINA Phu Kam 20° N (HAINAN) EXPLANATION Porphyry copper tracts of Southeast Asia PHILIPPINES THAILAND Indochina Peninsula area South China Sea Indonesian and Malaysian CAMBODIA Islands area Melanesia Sea Andaman New Guinea and other islands Gulf of Thailand NORTH Deposit PACIFIC OCEAN Prospect Mamut
Tangse Mengapur
MALAYSIA MALAYSIA
Tapadaa Tombulilato SINGAPORE Kaputusan
0° Arie INDONESIA INDONESIA INDONESIA Grasberg Frieda River Star Mt. Nong River Java Sea Star Mt. Futik Yandera Ok Tedi Simuku PAPUA Panguna NEW GUINEA Wafi-Golpu SOLOMAN Batu Hijau Kodu (Ofi Creek,Mount Bini) ISLANDS Arafura Sea Timor Sea
Koloula (Guadalcanal Joint Venture)
N INDIAN OCEA
Coral Sea VANUATU
0 500 1,000 KILOMETERS FIJI 20° S 0 250 500 MILES Waivaka AUSTRALIA Namosi
Political boundary source: U.S. Department of State (2009) Projection: Asia South Albers Equal Area Conic; Central meridian 115° E; latitude of origin 15° S Figure 1. Map showing permissive tracts for porphyry copper deposits in Southeast Asia and Melanesia, grouped by geographic areas. Porphyry copper deposits (filled squares) and significant prospects (open squares) are shown; deposits mentioned in the text are labeled. 100° E 130° E 160° E
INDIA CHINA
CHINA (TAIWAN) N ORTH PACI VIETNAM FIC OCEAN MYANMAR LAOS 20° N CHINA 3 2 5 (HAINAN) 1 PHILIPPINES THAILAND
4 CAMBODIA
South China Sea Gulf of daman Sea and An Thail 16
MALAYSIA 3 MALAYSIA Celebes Sea
SINGAPORE 10 7 12 14 a Strait Karimat INDONESIA 0° INDONESIA 8 9 12 6 INDONESIA 14 Java Sea Banda Sea 13 11 15 PAPUA NEW GUINEA SOLOMON Arafura Sea ISLANDS
Timor Sea
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
EAN INDIAN OC
Coral Sea VANUATU
15 FIJI
20° S 15
AUSTRALIA
Political boundary source U.S. Department of State (2009) 0 500 1,000 KILOMETERS Projection: Asia South Albers Equal Area Conic; Central meridian 115° E; latitude of origin 15° S 0 250 500 MILES
Figure 3. Map of the principal magmatic arcs of Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Arcs that continue north into the Philippines are shown in gray. See table 2 for map key and references.
! ((
! ((
((
((
((
((
(( ((
((
(( ((
! ((
105° E ! 115° E 125° E
(( (
! (( •
Kendari INDONESIA ( INDONESIA
Java Sea (( Makassar
5° S • Banda Sea (
Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung (
• ((
•Jakarta ((
(( Bandung (( ((
• Semarang•
(( INDONESIA Flores Sea
( ( Surabaja
(( Yogyakarta • 142pCu7025c
(( Ciemas ((
((
Java 142pCu7025b ((
((
(( (( ((
(( Sumbawa ((
(( • ((
(( ( Wetar
Pekalongan ((
((
(
(
(( (
(
(( 142pCu7025a ( ( ((
Tirtomoyo Mataram Sabarati Bima (( (( Trenggalek Bali (( Tujuh-Bukit • Dili ( Flores • TIMOR-LESTE (( Selodong Hulu (( (( Batu Hijau (( (( TIMOR-LESTE (( (( Dodo-Elang (( (( (( (( (( INDONESIA (( (( (( 10° S (( Kupang (( ( • (( (( (( (( (( (( (( ((
JAVA TRENCH (( TIMOR TROUGH ( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( ( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( ( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( Timor Sea INDIAN OCEAN ( ( (( ( (( (( ((
Base from ESRI ArcGIS Online (2009) 0 100 200 300 400 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION World Shaded Relief Political boundary source: U.S. Department of State (2009) Projection: Asia South Albers Equal Area Conic; Assessed porphyry copper (( (( Central meridian 115° E; latitude of origin 15° S 0 100 200 MILES tract 142pCu7025 Subduction zone Spreading center Permissive intrusive rock Strike-slip fault Permissive volcanic rock (( Thrust fault
Australian continental crust Porphyry copper deposit Porphyry copper prospect Eurasian continental crust
Figure F3. Map showing the distribution of permissive igneous rocks, tectonic features, and porphyry copper deposits and prospects for tract 142pCu7025, Sunda-Banda Arc—Indonesia. 142pCu7025a, Java (Jawa) Island. 142pCu7025b, Bali to west Flores Islands. 142pCu7025c, east Flores to Wetar Islands.
130° E (( 135° E 140° E ((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
0° (( PACIFIC OCEAN
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
Halnahera Sea ((
((
(( ((
(( ((
((
(( ((
(( ((
((
((
((
(( ((
((
((( (( ((
((
(( ((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
(( (( ((
(( (( (( ((
((
(( ((
(( Jayapura
! ((
Ceram Sea (( ((
((
((
((
INDONESIA ((
((
(( ((
(( ((
(( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( ((
(( (( (( ((
Base from ESRI ArcGIS Online (2009) 0 50 100 150 200 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION ((
World Shaded Relief (( ((
Political boundary source: U.S. Department of State (2009) (( ((
Projection: Asia South Albers Equal Area Conic; (( Assessed porphyry copper tract (( (( 0 50 100 MILES(( Subduction and suture zone(( Central meridian 135° E; latitude of origin 15° S 142pCu7208 ((
(( Spreading center Permissive intrusive rock ((
(( Strike-slip fault (( (( (( (( Permissive volcanic rock (( (( (( (( (( (( Figure R2. Map showing igneous rocks used to delineate tract 142pCu7208, Inner Melanesian Arc Terranes I—Papua and West Papua, Indonesia. ((
((
((
((
((
((
((
(( 156° E 158° E 160° E 162° E
(( 6° S (( (( (( Bougainville EXPLANATION (( PAPUA (( NEW GUINEA Assessed porphyry copper tract (( Choiseul Island 009pCu7210 Meriguna Ballyorlo Fauro (( Kiovokase Permissive intrusive rock (( Shortland Islands
(( Permissive volcanic rock (( South Solomon MORB Terrain (( SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN (Cretaceous basement with (( stage 1+2 arcs) (( (( Ontong Java Plateau Terrain (( (( (no arcs) ( New Georgia Islands Santa Isabel Island (( Mase Makira Terrain (Cretaceous - (( 8° S Oligocene basement + stage 2 arc) (( SOLOMAN ISLANDS (( Central Solomon Terrain (stage 1 Tirua (( arc basement + stage 2 arc) (( New Georgia Terrain (Unknown (( basement, Late Miocene to Holocene stage 2 arc) (( Kele Florida Islands ( Russell Islands Malaita (( Porphyry copper deposit (( Savo (( Porphyry copper prospect (( (( Guadalcanal (((( Hidden Valley Subduction zone ( Mbetilonga (Guadalcanal Joint Venture) Poha ((
((
S (( A Koloula (Guadalcanal N C Joint Venture) R ( IS a TO Coral Se B (( AL TR ( 10° S EN (( CH (( ( Makira Island ((
((
(( (( (( (( (( (((( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( (( ( ( ( (( (( (( (( ( (( (( (( Base from ESRI ArcGIS Online (2009) 0 50 100 150 200 KILOMETERS (( World Shaded Relief Political boundary source: U.S. Department of State (2009) (( Projection: Asia South Albers Equal Area Conic; 0 50 100 MILES Central meridian 168° E; latitude of origin 15° S ((
(( Figure V2A. Maps showing subareas and igneous rocks used to delineate tract 009pCu7210, Outer Melanesian Arc II—Melanesia. A, Solomon Islands, showing different basement “terrains” and extent of arc development (after Petterson and others, 1999). Petterson and others
(1999) proposed the term “terrain” to describe the geodynamic framework of the Solomon Islands. Terrains are distinguished from one another based on geology, tectonic history, and age. The term “terrane” sensu stricto refers to fault-bounded areas that have unique geological (( histories. B, Vanuatu. C, Fiji.
((
((
((
B 16°S 14°S
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
(( 166° E
NEW (( HEBRIDES TRENCH
(
((
(
( ((
((
((
((
((
( ((
((
((
((
(( ( (
d'Entrecasteauz North Zone ( Coral Sea ((
((
(
((
(
NEW HEBRIDES(( TRENCH
((
(
(
(( (( Espiritu Santo
Torres Islands
( Island
( (
(
(( ( Espiritu Santo skarn prospect area 1
Espiritu Santo skarn prospect area 2
(( Espiritu Santo skarn prospect area 3
d'Entrecasteauz South Zone
((
((
((
(
NEW( HEBRIDES TRENCH
(
(
((
(( (( (( (( (( ((
N Malakula prospect area?
VANUATU Malakula Island
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
168° E
Base from ESRI ArcGIS Online (2009) 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS World Shaded Relief EXPLANATION Political boundary source: U.S. Department of State (2009) Projection: Asia South Albers Equal Area Conic; Central meridian 168° E; latitude of origin 15° S 0 25 50 MILES Assessed porphyry copper tract Permissive volcanic rock 009pCu7210
Permissive intrusive rock Porphyry copper prospect
Figure V2B. Maps showing subareas and igneous rocks used to delineate tract 009pCu7210, Outer Melanesian Arc II—Melanesia. A, Solomon Islands, showing different basement “terrains” and extent of arc development (after Petterson and others, 1999). Petterson and others (1999) proposed the term “terrain” to describe the geodynamic framework of the Solomon Islands. Terrains are distinguished from one another based on geology, tectonic history, and age. The term “terrane” sensu stricto refers to fault- bounded areas that have unique geological histories. B, Vanuatu. C, Fiji.