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India in the Indian Ocean Donald L
Naval War College Review Volume 59 Article 6 Number 2 Spring 2006 India in the Indian Ocean Donald L. Berlin Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Berlin, Donald L. (2006) "India in the Indian Ocean," Naval War College Review: Vol. 59 : No. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol59/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Berlin: India in the Indian Ocean INDIA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN Donald L. Berlin ne of the key milestones in world history has been the rise to prominence Oof new and influential states in world affairs. The recent trajectories of China and India suggest strongly that these states will play a more powerful role in the world in the coming decades.1 One recent analysis, for example, judges that “the likely emergence of China and India ...asnewglobal players—similar to the advent of a united Germany in the 19th century and a powerful United States in the early 20th century—will transform the geopolitical landscape, with impacts potentially as dramatic as those in the two previous centuries.”2 India’s rise, of course, has been heralded before—perhaps prematurely. How- ever, its ascent now seems assured in light of changes in India’s economic and political mind-set, especially the advent of better economic policies and a diplo- macy emphasizing realism. -
Guest Experience
Guest Experience Contents The Amanwana Experience 3 Spa & Wellness 29 During Your Stay 5 Amanwana Spa Facilities 29 A New Spa Language 30 Aman Signature Rituals 32 Amanwana Dive Centre 7 Nourishing 33 Grounding 34 Diving at Amanwana Bay 7 Purifying 35 Diving at the Outer Reefs 8 Body Treatments 37 Diving at Satonda Island 10 Massages 38 Night Diving 13 Courses & Certifications 14 Moyo Conservation Fund 41 At Sea & On Land 17 Island Conservation 41 Species Protection 42 Water Sports 17 Community Outreach & Excursions 18 Camp Responsibility 43 On the Beach 19 Trekking & Cycling 20 Amanwana Kids 45 Leisure Cruises & Charters 23 Little Adventurers 45 Leisure Cruises 23 Fishing 24 Charters 25 Dining Experiences 27 Memorable Moments 27 2 The Amanwana Experience Moyo Island is located approximately eight degrees south of the equator, within the regency of Nusa Tenggara Barat. The island has been a nature reserve since 1976 and measures forty kilometres by ten kilometres, with a total area of 36,000 hectares. Moyo’s highest point is 600 meters above the Flores Sea. The tropical climate provides a year-round temperature of 27-30°C and a consistent water temperature of around 28°C. There are two distinct seasons. The monsoon or wet season is from December to March and the dry season from April to November. The vegetation on the island ranges from savannah to dense jungle. The savannah land dominates the plateaus and the jungle the remaining areas. Many varieties of trees are found on the island, such as native teak, tamarind, fig, coral and banyan. -
The Marine East Indies: Diversity and ARTICLE Speciation John C
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2005) 32, 1517–1522 ORIGINAL The marine East Indies: diversity and ARTICLE speciation John C. Briggs* Georgia Museum of Natural History, The ABSTRACT University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Aim To discuss the impact of new diversity information and to utilize recent findings on modes of speciation in order to clarify the evolutionary significance of the East Indies Triangle. Location The Indo-Pacific Ocean. Methods Analysis of information on species diversity, distribution patterns and speciation for comparative purposes. Results Information from a broad-scale survey of Indo-Pacific fishes has provided strong support for the theory that the East Indies Triangle has been operating as a centre of origin. It has become apparent that more than two-thirds of the reef fishes inhabiting the Indo-Pacific are represented in the Triangle. An astounding total of 1111 species, more than are known from the entire tropical Atlantic, were reported from one locality on the small Indonesian island of Flores. New information on speciation modes indicates that the several unique characteristics of the East Indian fauna are probably due to the predominance of competitive (sympatric) speciation. Main conclusions It is proposed that, within the East Indies, the high species diversity, the production of dominant species, and the presence of newly formed species, are due to natural selection being involved in reproductive isolation, the first step in the sympatric speciation process. In contrast, speciation in the peripheral areas is predominately allopatric. Species formed by allopatry are the direct result of barriers to gene flow. In this case, reproductive isolation may be seen as a physical process that does not involve natural selection. -
Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO
An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO Indonesian Seas • Bali Sea • Flores Sea • Molucca Sea • Banda Sea • Java Sea • Savu Sea • Cream Sea • Makassar Strait Overview The Indonesian Seas are the regional bodies of water in and around the Indonesian Archipelago. The seas extend between approximately 12o S to 3o N and 110o to 132oE (Figure 1). The region separates the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Figure 1. Bathymetry of the Indonesian Archipelago. [Smith and Sandwell, 1997] Observations Indonesian Archipelago is most extensive archipelago in the world with more than 15,000 islands. The shallow bathymetry and the strong tidal currents between the islands give rise to the generation of internal waves throughout the archipelago. As a result there are a very 453 An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO large number of internal wave sources throughout the region. Since the Indonesian Seas boarder the equator, the stratification of the waters in this sea area does not change very much with season, and internal wave activity is expected to take place all year round. Table 2 shows the months of the year during which internal waves have been observed in the Bali, Molucca, Banda and Savu Seas Table 1 - Months when internal waves have been observed in the Bali Sea. (Numbers indicate unique dates in that month when waves have been noted) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 12111 11323 Months when Internal Waves have been observed in the Molucca Sea. -
The Age of Exploration (Also Called the Age of Discovery) Began in the 1400S and Continued Through the 1600S. It Was a Period Of
Activity 1 of 3 for NTI May 18 - 22 - Introduction to Exploration of North America Go to: https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php Click on the link above to read the article. There is a feature at the bottom that will allow you to have the text read to you, if you want. After you read the article, answer the questions below. You can highlight or bold your answers if completing electronically. I have copied the website text below if you need it. The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. The Age of Exploration took place at the same time as the Renaissance. Why explore? Outfitting an expedition could be expensive and risky. Many ships never returned. So why did the Europeans want to explore? The simple answer is money. Although, some individual explorers wanted to gain fame or experience adventure, the main purpose of an expedition was to make money. How did expeditions make money? Expeditions made money primarily by discovering new trade routes for their nations. When the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453, many existing trade routes to India and China were shut down. These trade routes were very valuable as they brought in expensive products such as spices and silk. New expeditions tried to discover oceangoing routes to India and the Far East. Some expeditions became rich by discovering gold and silver, such as the expeditions of the Spanish to the Americas. -
East Indies/West Indies: Comparative Archipelagoes David A
Anthropological Forum Vol. 16, No. 3, November 2006, 219–227 East Indies/West Indies: Comparative Archipelagoes David A. B. Murray, Tom Boellstorff & Kathryn Robinson A series of debates in anthropology and other disciplines since the 1980s has raised questions of area studies, comparison, and ‘the field’ in relation to the production of ethnographic knowledge. In search of a concrete framework within which to extend these debates, participants in this special issue of Anthropological Forum bring together research on Southeast Asia and the Caribbean: the ‘East Indies’ and the ‘West Indies’. This introductory paper examines how such a novel paradigm for ethnographic analysis might contribute to new geographic imaginaries in anthropology. Keywords: East Indies; West Indies; Comparison; Area Studies; Anthropology Why compare the East Indies and West Indies? Indeed, can we even consider each of these entities as single geographical units? What is to be gained from such a project? At first glance, these regions appear to share nothing more than nomenclature, geographical form and general historical contours—two sets of islands located in big oceans (often with some associated ‘mainland’ regions), both (mis)named by European explorers, that have been powerfully shaped by colonialism, capitalism and globalisation. The contemporary political and economic contours of these two areas add to the appearance of distinct and non-comparable cultural regions: in the West Indies we find a mix of independent nation-states and ‘neo’ colonies or dependencies maintaining various degrees of political and/or economic affiliation with their former colonisers, whereas most of the East Indies has become one large nation-state (Indonesia). -
SESSION I : Geographical Names and Sea Names
The 14th International Seminar on Sea Names Geography, Sea Names, and Undersea Feature Names Types of the International Standardization of Sea Names: Some Clues for the Name East Sea* Sungjae Choo (Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kyung-Hee University Seoul 130-701, KOREA E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract : This study aims to categorize and analyze internationally standardized sea names based on their origins. Especially noting the cases of sea names using country names and dual naming of seas, it draws some implications for complementing logics for the name East Sea. Of the 110 names for 98 bodies of water listed in the book titled Limits of Oceans and Seas, the most prevalent cases are named after adjacent geographical features; followed by commemorative names after persons, directions, and characteristics of seas. These international practices of naming seas are contrary to Japan's argument for the principle of using the name of archipelago or peninsula. There are several cases of using a single name of country in naming a sea bordering more than two countries, with no serious disputes. This implies that a specific focus should be given to peculiar situation that the name East Sea contains, rather than the negative side of using single country name. In order to strengthen the logic for justifying dual naming, it is suggested, an appropriate reference should be made to the three newly adopted cases of dual names, in the respects of the history of the surrounding region and the names, people's perception, power structure of the relevant countries, and the process of the standardization of dual names. -
Indian Textiles in the Indian Ocean Trade in the Early Modern Period
Indian Textiles in the Indian Ocean Trade In the Early Modern Period Om Prakash* The Indian Ocean is by far the oldest of the seas in history, in terms of it being used and traversed by humans. Intense commercial activity has been carried out in the Ocean at least over the last two millennia. Networks of trade covering different segments of the Ocean have a history of remarkable resilience without being resistant to innovation. While all kinds of commodities, including precious metals, have figured in the Indian Ocean trade, textiles both for mass as well as elite consumption have always had a very special place, both qualitatively, as well as quantitatively, in this trade. In addition to being used for wearing apparel purposes and as furnishings, textiles have also had an important function to perform in the domain of rituals, exchange of gifts, identity formation and so on. In the domain of economics, textiles often served as currency and as medium of exchange. Being probably the largest, and perhaps the most cost-competitive, producer of textiles of all varieties for centuries, India has been at the centre of Indian Ocean trade in textiles for a long period of time. Indian textiles have figured prominently both in the trade with west Asia and the Mediterranean via the Arabia Sea as well as with mainland and island southeast Asia via the Bay of Bengal. As for the first of these regions, the first century A.D. Periplus Maris * Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 INDIA. Email: [email protected] . -
SOUTHEAST ASIA Nanjing H 100 120 140 E Hefei JAPAN M N Shanghai
SOUTHEAST ASIA Nanjing H 100 120 140 E Hefei JAPAN M N Shanghai N ek G Chengdu o A n D Wuhan Yangtze Xingang g U Hangzhou East M S A Yangtze N Chongqing P Ningbo D ) N A P A J ( China O - N S H Sea Changsha A S A L H N C H I N A H ra t S O BONIN pu C hma Okinawa I ) Bra N T ISLANDS E N O Fuzhou R A - INDIA Naha T P DAITO¯- Myitkyina U A SHOTO¯ Kunming Y J Taipei U (JAPAN) K Y ( VOLCANO BANGL. Xiamen Strait U K Taichung Y U ISLANDS y Xi Y d Jiang R R d Ta iw a n Tropic of Cancer a GuangzhouShantou BANGL. w a Tainan r Nanning Taiwan r Chittagong I Mandalay Hong Kong S.A.R. Kaohsiung Macau Okino-tori- BURMA Hanoi Haiphong S.A.R. Pratas shima Zhanjiang Island Sittwe Nay Pyi Luzon (JAPAN) 20 Taw Haikou 20 n e Strait e LAOS Gulf of BABUYAN ISLANDS w l a Hainan S To n k i n Chiang Mai Vientiane Dao Rangoon Udon Pathein Thani M PARACEL Luzon P h i l i p p i n e ek Hue Baguio on Da Nang ISLANDS Mawlamyine THAILAND g Nakhon S e a Ratchasima VIETNAM Quezon City Bangkok Coco Channel Dawei Manila South P Challenger Deep ANDAMAN CAMBODIA Nha Mindoro H I (world's greatest ISLANDS Phnom Trang L I ocean depth, (INDIA) China P H I L I P P I N E S P Penh P Samar -10924 m) I Andaman Ho Chi Minh Panay Iloilo N E Sea Cebu City H City Palawan Sea Gulf of Bacolod C T Can Tho SPRATLY N Thailand Negros Cagayan R E R E FED. -
Journey Across the Sea with Aman a Voyage Combining Amanwana, Amandira and Amankila Introduction Journey Across the Sea from Moyo Island to Bali
Journey Across the Sea with Aman A voyage combining Amanwana, Amandira and Amankila Introduction Journey Across the Sea from Moyo Island to Bali Aman is thrilled to welcome you to a seven-day, six-night experience, from Moyo Island to Bali. Combining Amanwana, Amandira and Amankila, this journey is like no other. Embark on an adventure, sailing from Moyo Island through the Flores Sea, reaching Bali, the island of the Gods. The turquoise waters and pristine reefs of the Flores Sea are home to some of Indonesia’s best scuba diving and snorkeling spots. On land, the hilly tropical forests are crisscrossed by hiking trails, home to the island’s protected deer, macaques and wild boar. Hidden beaches, distinct wildlife and world-class diving are all highlights of this expedition. The journey between Moyo Island and Bali presents a wonderland of natural beauty waiting to be discovered. Tailor-made Journeys Kindly note that this itinerary is provided as a sample for inspiration of the region and experiences that are possible aboard Amandira. Prior to embarkation, guests will have the opportunity to discuss specifics with their Cruise Director to ensure that the experience is catered to specific interests and expectations. Journey Calendar Date Route Details 19 to 22 July 2021 Amanwana (Moyo) to 17 -19 July – Amanwana Amankila (Bali) 19 -22 Juy – Amandira 22 – 23 July Amankila 27 to 30 July 2021 Amanwana (Moyo) to 25 – 27 July – Amanwana Amankila (Bali) 27 – 30 July – Amandira 30 – 31 July - Amankila 04 – 07 August 2021 Amanwana (Moyo) to 02 – -
Genetic Landscapes Reveal How Human Genetic Diversity Aligns With
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233486; this version posted December 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1Genetic landscapes reveal how human genetic 2diversity aligns with geography 3Benjamin Marco Peter1, Desislava Petkova2,3 & John Novembre1,4 41 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago 2 Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of 5Oxford, UK 3Present Address: Procter & Gamble, Brussels, Belgium 4 Department of Ecology & Evolution, University 6of Chicago 7 8Geographic patterns in human genetic diversity carry footprints of population history1,2 9and need to be understood to carry out global biomedicine3,4. Summarizing and visually 10representing these patterns of diversity has been a persistent goal for human 11geneticists5–9. However, most analytical methods to represent population structure10–14 do 12not incorporate geography directly, and it must be considered post hoc alongside a 13visual summary. Here, we use a recently developed spatially explicit method to estimate 14“effective migration” surfaces to visualize how human genetic diversity is geographically 15structured (the EEMS method15). The resulting surfaces are “rugged”, which indicates 16the relationship between genetic and geographic distance is heterogenous and distorted 17as a rule. Most prominently, topographic and marine features regularly align with 18increased genetic differentiation (e.g. the Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Sea or Himalaya 19at large scales; the Adriatic, inter-island straits in near Oceania at smaller scales). We 20also see traces of historical migrations and boundaries of language families. -
Informing Natural Resources Policy Making Using Participatory Rapid
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104 (2004) 99–111 Informing natural resources policy making using participatory rapid economic valuation (PREV): the case of the Togean Islands, Indonesia Jim Cannon a,∗, Purbasari Surjadi b a Economics, Conservation International, 1919 M St. NW Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA b Conservation International Indonesia, Pejaten Barat 16A, Jakarta 12510, Indonesia Abstract Policy makers in Southeast Asia rarely have complete information to guide their land-use and development decision-making. This paper presents participatory rapid economic valuation (PREV), a practical tool that: (1) provides decision-makers with enough information of adequate quality to guide land-use and development decisions; (2) helps ensure decisions reflect the best available research findings; (3) be widely applicable. In order to achieve these goals, PREV results must be credible to decision-makers, requiring that the methods, data and assumptions used be easily understood, transparent and perceived as reasonable. The economic valuation work should also be carried out in a participatory consensus-building fashion so that the knowledge of local stakeholders is fully utilized, and a wide range of decision-makers are aware of and agree with the findings. PREV must also be rapid enough to respond to real-world policy making time lines, easily carried out and inexpensive if it is to be widely used. These requirements largely restricted PREV valuation analyses to those using currently available data, which are generally market-based. While such an approach provides only a partial valuation (a minimum lower bound on the actual total economic value), in many cases a partial valuation may be sufficient to guide land-use and development decisions.