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INDICE INDEX PRESENTAZIONE 3 PRESENTATION Paolo Raddi, chef de file du CypMed IL GENERE CUPRESSUS 6 LE GENRE CUPRESSUS Marcello Intini, Giovanni Torraca, Vincenzo Di Lonardo, Anna Romagnoli Chiave per il riconoscimento delle specie di cipresso maggiormente diffuse 7 Clés pour la reconnaissance des espèces de cyprès les plus diffuses Vari stadi di sviluppo del macrosporofillo di C. sempervirens, dalla formazione del fiore alla produzione del seme 9 Différentes étapes du développement du macrosporophylle de C. sempervirens, de la formation de la fleur à la production de la graine Aspetti anatomico-morfologici del polline delle varie specie di cipresso 10 Morphologie du pollen des espèces du cyprès Colore dei pollini delle varie specie di cipresso 12 Couleur des pollens des espèces du cyprès Dimensioni dei coni delle varie specie di cipresso 14 Dimensions des cônes des différentes espèces de cyprès CARATTERI BOTANICI DELLE SPECIE 16 CARACTÈRES BOTANIQUES DES ESPÈCES Marcello Intini, Paolo Raddi, Claudine Andreoli Cupressus abramsiana C. B. Wolf 1948 18 Cupressus arizonica Greene 1882 20 Cupressus atlantica Gaussen 1950 22 Cupressus bakeri Jepson 1909 24 Cupressus benthami Endlicher 1847 26 Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carrière 1867 28 Cupressus chengiana Hu 1964 30 Cupressus duclouxiana Hickel 1914 32 Cupressus dupreziana Camus 1926 34 Cupressus forbesii Jepson 1922 36 Cupressus funebris Endlicher 1847 38 Cupressus glabra Sudworth 1910 40 Cupressus goveniana Gordon 1849 42 Cupressus guadalupensis Watson 1879 44 Cupressus lindleyi Klotzsch ex Endl. 1847 46 Cupressus lusitanica Miller 1768 48 Cupressus macnabiana A. Murray 1855 50 Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg 1847 52 Cupressus montana Wiggins 1933 54 Cupressus nevadensis Abrams 1919 56 Cupressus pygmaea (Lemmon) Sargent 1901 58 Cupressus sargentii Jepson 1909 60 Cupressus sempervirens L. 1753 62 Cupressus sempervirens var. numidica Trabut 64 Cupressus stephensonii C. B. Wolf 1948 66 Cupressus torulosa D. Don 1824 68 Cupressus torulosa var. corneyana (Knight e Perry) Carr. 70 I PRINCIPALI PARASSITI FUNGINI CHE AGGREDISCONO 74 IL GENERE CUPRESSUS LES PRINCIPAUX PARASITES FONGIQUES QUI ATTAQUENT LE GENRE CUPRESSUS Alberto Panconesi, Roberto Danti, Irene Dellavalle Classificazione generale degli Eukaryota 75 Classification générale des Eukaryota Principali eucarioti che aggrediscono il genere Cupressus 76 Principaux eucaryotes qui attaquent le genre Cupressus BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ESSENTIAL OILS 88 Gianni Della Rocca, Claudine Andreoli, Giovanni Torraca. 2 PRESENTAZIONE PRESENTATION Paolo Raddi, chef de file du CypMed Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, CNR È bene ricordare che il cipresso comune (Cupressus Il est utile de rappeler que le cyprès commun sempervirens) è un albero vitale per l’economia (Cupressus sempervirens) est un arbre vital pour rurale dei Paesi Mediterranei costituendo una fon- l’économie rurale des Pays Méditerranéens car il te di reddito non indifferente per le sue numerose constitue une source de revenu non négligeable par funzioni: foreste naturali nel Mediterraneo orienta- ses nombreuses fonctions: forêts naturelles en le, piantagioni per la produzione di legname, impianti Méditerranée orientale, plantations pour la per la protezione delle risorse ambientali (suolo, production de bois, plantations pour la protection acqua, riduzione degli incendi,etc.), fasce des ressources environnementales (sol, eau, frangivento per garantire una costanza di produ- réduction des incendies, etc.), barrières brise-vent zione qualitativa e quantitativa di specie ortive e pour garantir une production stable qualitative et frutticole, impianti ornamentali, consistente attività quantitative des espèces potagères et fruitières, vivaistica. plantations ornementales, une activité lucrative pour Il progetto Interreg IIIB MedOcc “Les cyprès et le pépiniériste. leur polyvalence dans la réhabilitation de Le projet Interreg IIIB MedOcc «Les cyprès et l’environnement et du paysage méditerranéen” leur polyvalence dans la réhabilitation de (acronimo CypMed) ha inteso utilizzare i risultati l’environnement et du paysage méditerranéen“ finora ottenuti a seguito di diversi progetti (acronyme CypMed) a visé à utiliser les résultats quadriennali di ricerca finanziati dalla Comunità obtenus jusqu’ici des différents projets Europea. I progetti Agrimed I, Agrimed II e Camar quadriennaux de recherche financés par la hanno considerevolmente incrementato le conoscen- Communauté Européenne. Les projets Agrimed I, ze sul cancro del cipresso causato da Seiridium Agrimed II et Camar ont considérablement cardinale in modo da allestire con successo un pro- développé les connaissances sur le chancre du gramma di selezione di cipressi resistenti al cancro cyprès causé par Seiridium cardinale permettant e di messa a punto di metodi di lotta efficaci e a ainsi la mise en place avec succès d’un programme basso impatto ambientale contro il cancro (lotta de sélection de cyprès résistants au chancre et la chimica preventiva, risanamento e bonifica). Il pro- mise au point de méthodes de lutte efficaces et à getto comunitario Air ha affrontato i principali pro- faible impact environnemental contre le chancre blemi della coltivazione del cipresso a partire dal (lutte chimique préventive, assainissement et seme fino alla utilizzazione ultima del legname. In- bonification). Le projet communautaire Air a fine la Comunità Europea ha finanziato una affronté les principaux problèmes de la culture du “Concerted Action” per favorire la diffusione delle cyprès à partir de la graine jusqu’à l’utilisation final conoscenze disponibili sul cipresso con l’organizza- du bois. Enfin, la Communauté Européenne a zione di un Corso di formazione per tecnici dei pa- financé une “Concerted Action“ pour favoriser la esi mediterranei e con la pubblicazione di un Ma- diffusion des connaissances disponibles sur le cyprès nuale tecnico in 6 lingue europee. avec l’organisation d’un Cours de formation pour Il progetto CypMed continua la tradizione di con- techniciens des pays méditerranéens et avec la servazione e valorizzazione del cipresso nel Medi- publication d’un Manuel technique en 6 langues terraneo voluta e finanziata per circa venti anni dalla européennes. EU. CypMed ha come obiettivo generale di dimo- Le projet CypMed continue la tradition de strare rispetto al materiale in commercio la supe- conservation et valorisation du cyprès dans le bassin riorità dei cloni di cipresso selezionati nel corso dei Méditerranéen voulue et financée pendant presque precedenti progetti EU sia per la resistenza al can- vingt ans par EU. CypMed a pour objectif général cro che per l’architettura della pianta. Infatti per de démontrer, par rapport au matériel commercial, impianti forestali e di tipo protettivo del suoli i ci- la supériorité des clones de cyprès sélectionnés au 3 pressi, oltre ad essere resistenti al cancro, devono cours des précédents projets EU tant pour leur possedere anche rami lunghi, sottili ed inseriti quasi résistance au chancre que pour l’architecture de la perpendicolarmente sul tronco. Per gli impianti plante. En effet, pour les plantations forestières et frangivento i cipressi selezionati devono avere rami de type protectrice des sols les cyprès, non sempre lunghi ma inseriti sul tronco con un angolo seulement être résistants au chancre, doivent avoir aussi des branches longues, fines et insérées presque di 45-60°. Per impianti ornamentali i cipressi devo- perpendiculairement sur le tronc Pour les plantations no essere di tipo piramidale, a chioma stretta con brise-vent, les cyprès sélectionnés doivent avoir des rami addossati al tronco e di colore verde intenso. branches toujours longues mais insérées sur le tronc Va anche ricordato che l’interazione cipresso-pa- avec un angle de 45-60°. Pour les plantations rassiti-ambiente ha notevole importanza e per co- ornementales, les cyprès doivent être de type noscere questa relazione e per indicare per ogni pyramidal, à feuillage étroit avec des branches località i cloni migliori per adattamento e stabilità il adossées au tronc et de couleur vert intense. Il faut CypMed ha costituito presso i partner parcelle spe- aussi rappeler que l’interaction cyprès-parasites- rimentali (impianti forestali e fasce frangivento), ha environnement a une importance notable et pour utilizzato impianti già esistenti e allestiti in prece- connaître cette relation et pour indiquer pour chaque denti prove europee, ha operato su cipressi di mo- localité les meilleurs clones pour leur adaptabilité et numenti storici (Bosco degli Zappini, Viale dei ci- stabilité, le CypMed a constitué auprès des partnaires des parcelles expérimentales (plantations pressi di Bolgheri) per conservare e valorizzare forestières et barrières brise-vent), a utilisé des questo patrimonio turistico e storico, ha program- plantations déjà existantes et mises en place lors de mato prove di adattamento di cloni di cipresso otte- précédents essais européens, est intervenu sur des nuti da radicazione di talea in terreni argillosi del cyprès de monuments historiques (Bois des Zappini, senese, ha introdotto il cipresso in località nuove Allée des cyprès de Bolgheri) pour conserver et per sostituire altre specie come l’eucalipto nel Por- valoriser ce patrimoine historique, a installé des togallo meridionale o per il recupero di pinete sotto- essais d’adaptation des clones de cyprès obtenus poste ad incendi. Questi impianti sperimentali han- par bouturage en terrains argileux du siennois, a no lo scopo di mettere in evidenza il valore
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  • Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County

    Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County

    DRAFT VEGETATION COMMUNITIES OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY Based on “Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California” prepared by Robert F. Holland, Ph.D. for State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Fish and Game (October 1986) Codes revised by Thomas Oberbauer (February 1996) Revised and expanded by Meghan Kelly (August 2006) Further revised and reorganized by Jeremy Buegge (March 2008) March 2008 Suggested citation: Oberbauer, Thomas, Meghan Kelly, and Jeremy Buegge. March 2008. Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County. Based on “Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California”, Robert F. Holland, Ph.D., October 1986. March 2008 Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County Introduction San Diego’s vegetation communities owe their diversity to the wide range of soil and climatic conditions found in the County. The County encompasses desert, mountainous and coastal conditions over a wide range of elevation, precipitation and temperature changes. These conditions provide niches for endemic species and a wide range of vegetation communities. San Diego County is home to over 200 plant and animal species that are federally listed as rare, endangered, or threatened. The preservation of this diversity of species and habitats is important for the health of ecosystem functions, and their economic and intrinsic values. In order to effectively classify the wide variety of vegetation communities found here, the framework developed by Robert Holland in 1986 has been added to and customized for San Diego County. To supplement the original Holland Code, additions were made by Thomas Oberbauer in 1996 to account for unique habitats found in San Diego and to account for artificial habitat features (i.e., 10,000 series).