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Ecological Survey of the Proposed Long Canyon Research Natural Area Sequoia National Forest, Kern County, California

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Ecological Survey of the Proposed Long Canyon Research Natural Area Sequoia National Forest, Kern County, California ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED LONG CANYON RESEARCH NATURAL AREA SEQUOIA NATIONAL FOREST, KERN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA TODD KEELER-WOLF DECEMBER 1990 (PURCHASE ORDER # 40-9AD6-9-0407) INTRODUCTION 1 Access 1 PRINCIPAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES 2 JUSTIFICATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT 4 Piute Cypress 4 Desert Chaparral 5 Rare Plants 7 Pinyon Forest 8 Limestone values and Geologic Diversity 8 Rare Fauna 9 PHYSICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 9 VEGETATION AND FLORA 11 Vegetation Types 12 Desert Chaparral 12 Pinyon Woodland 15 Annual Grassland 19 Digger Pine Woodland 20 Shin Oak Brush 21 Jeffrey Pine Forest 22 Limestone Outcrop 23 Piute Cypress Forest 24 California Juniper Shrub 27 White Alder Riparian Forest 29 FAUNA 30 GEOLOGY 30 S0ILS 31 CULTURAL VALUES 32 IMPACTS 33 Direct Human Impact 33 Cattle Grazing 34 MANAGEMENT CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34 REFERENCE 36 APPENDICES 38 Vascular Pant List 38 Vertebrate List 46 INTRODUCTION The Long Canyon candidate Research Natural Area (LCRNA) is on the Greenhorn Ranger District of the Sequoia National Forest. The area was selected and nominated by the Sequoia National Forest as a candidate RNA in 1983 to preserve an example of California juniper (Juniperus californica1), single-leaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla), and Piute cypress (Cupressus nevadensis) target elements for the Southern Sierra Nevada Province. The LCRNA as defined in this report covers 2389 acres (967 ha) including the entire drainage of Long Canyon south of the Forest Service Boundary between T 26 and 27 S Mount Diablo Base and Meridian (MDBM). This includes portions of sections 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, and 16 T 27S, R34E, MDBM. The approximate center of the proposed RNA is 35° 36′ N longitude and 118° 20′ W longitude The overall topographic relief is substantial, ranging from about 3550 ft. at the mouth of Long Canyon to 6901 ft. atop Heald Peak (1082-2103 m) for a total elevation difference of 3351 ft. (1021 m). Access (reference maps I and 2) The LCRNA is accessible from the north across Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands from State Highway 178. From the Greenhorn Ranger Station in Bakersfield drive east on Highway 178 toward Lake Isabella. Drive approximately 8.5 miles (13.7 km) east of the town of Lake Isabella to a point about 0.2 miles (O.3 km) east of the town of South Lake, turn South on Navaho Road. Travel approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) to a unnamed dirt road which turns south through a gate. Follow this road for approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) to the mouth of Long Canyon where a drift fence crosses the road. This is approximately 100 m north of the proposed RNA boundary. Several other dirt roads cross the BLM land and approach the northern boundary to the east of this road (between Navaho Rd. and Weldon), however, the above road is in the best condition and is the easiest to follow. Travel within the RNA is restricted by the steep slopes and the dense chaparral vegetation. The most accessible route to the upper elevations is via the un-maintained Forest Service trails 34E31, This trail begins near the end of the main access road and ascends the western boundary ridge. It continues to the southwestern edge of the RNA where it departs the area at about 6600 ft. (202m) elevation. It has not been maintained since the Bodfish Fire of 1984. However, it is still in good condition and is passable along the entire western periphery of the RNA. From the southwestern corner of the RNA it is possible to walk along the southern boundary ridge around to the northeast and reach the summit of Heald Peak. A fire in 1984 has opened up much of the vegetation in this area and as of 1989 walking was relatively easy along the entire ridgetop. 1 tree taxonomy follows Little, E. R. Jr. 1979, Checklist of United States Trees (Native and Naturalized). Agriculture Handbook No. 541 U.S.D.A. Washington D.C. Access to the Paiute cypress stands is also easiest from trail 34E31. The trail may be walked to point 5698 (see map 2) at which point it is possible to drop east along a spur ridge for approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) to the cypress stands. Access to the lower elevations of Long Canyon is relatively easy by following the arroyo up the canyon to the south. However, after traveling about 0.75 mile (1.2 km) south, the canyon closes up and travel along the creek bed becomes more difficult. The roadbed continues into the RNA and is still passable by four-wheel-drive vehicles for about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) south of the RNA boundary. It stops along the southern side of the main arroyo near the southern extent of the bajada (alluvial fan) in the NW 1/4 SE 1.4 Sec. 4 (see map 2). Cross-country travel in the RNA is generally easiest on south-facing slopes where open scrub and grassland predominate. The north- and east-facing exposures are dominated by relatively impenetrable desert chaparral. The steep marble outcrop forming the northeastern boundary may be ascended to the summit area of Heald Peak. This is a shorter, but more time-consuming and laborious route to the summit than that previously described. PRINCIPAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES The LCRNA has been nominated to represent the Piute cypress, California juniper, and single-leaf pinyon pine target elements for the Southern Sierra Nevada province, The Piute cypress stands at Long Canyon represent one of the easternmost populations of this localized species. It was not known at the time of Griffin and Critchfield's (1972) map of the species' distribution. The local stands cover about 20 acres (B. I ha). The majority of the area was burned in 1984) where cypress seedlings are now relatively common. A smaller portion was spared from the fire and appears to date back to a fire approximately 35 years prior to the last fire. The California juniper vegetation at LCRNA was much more extensive prior to the 1984 Bodfish Fire. Charred snags and stems of juniper indicate a woodland on portions of the west boundary ridge up to 6500 ft. (1981 m). Virtually all of this high elevation woodland is gone from the western side of the area. The only remaining California juniper-dominated vegetation occurs on a portion of the marble outcrop forming the northeastern boundary of the area and as a few small groves scattered in the bajada slope of the lowest elevations. As will be discussed further, the LCRNA is not recommended as a California juniper target. The pinyon forest of the upper elevations of the LCRNA was also affected by the fire of 1984. However, damage to this vegetation type was not as widespread as to the California juniper. Extensive pinyon forest still exists on the west and nw-facing slopes of Heald Peak. There are also interesting transitional communities featuring pinyon pine and various subdominants such as Digger pine (Pinus sabiniana), canyon live oak (Quecus chrysolepis) and several chaparral shrubs. These transitional stands occupy relatively fire protected areas on north-facing slopes at midelevations, and indicate a blend of environmental conditions favoring cismontane and desert species. The most extensive vegetation in the RNA is desert chaparral (Holland 1986). This vegetation was not originally selected as a target for the area (it was not considered a PSW target element when the LCRNA was first recommended). However, it exhibits great variation not only in successional state,, as a result of differential effects of fire history, but also as a result of slope exposure, elevation, and geological substrate. It is recommended that the desert chaparral target be substituted for the California juniper target in this RNA. Long Canyon is highly varied topographically and geologically. There is a great elevational range and a variety of slope exposures. Rock types vary from metamorphic schists, gneisses, and marbles to granitics. Virtually the entire drainage is contained within the proposed boundaries, JUSTIFICATIONS FOR ESTABLISHMENT Piute Cypress: The Long Canyon candidate RNA is one of two Forest Service areas chosen to preserve populations of this rare endemic to the Southern Sierra Nevada province. The other area is the Bodfish Paiute Cypress Botanical Area. This area occupying all of section 30 T275, R 33E was set aside to preserve the type locality and largest stand of Piute cypress. It lies approximately nine miles (14.5 km) west-southwest of the Long Canyon stand. Piute cypress is known from about 10 sites in the drainage of the Kern River in Kern and southern Tulare Counties (Griffin and Critchfield 1972). It is considered by Little (1979) to be a variety of Arizona cypress (C. arizonica var. nevadensis). However, recent genetic work suggests that it may be more closely related to the coastal cypresses such as C. goveniana, C. abramsiana, C. pygmaea, and C. sargentii (Connie Miller, pers. comm. April 1990). Aside from Baker cypress (C. bakeri) it is known from higher elevations than any other cypress in North America, ranging to about 6000 ft. (1829 m) at the Bodfish grove (Vogl et al. 1977). As with other cypresses in California, Piute cypress is a fire-adapted, sero~inous-coned species, requiring fire for effective dispersal and regeneration. Fire history of each of the approximately 10 stands known varies (Twisselmann 1967). Some stands, such as the Back Canyon stand, are relatively old (over 100 years). The Bodfish stand appears to have a varied fire history with some young and old trees. Other smaller stands are even- aged; e.g. Hobo Ridge (fire 1966), Stormy Canyon (fire 1924).
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