Diseases of Cypresses Willis W
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CIRCULAR 153 MAY 1967 OBSERVATIONS on SPECIES of CYPRESS INDIGENOUS to the UNITED STATES Agricultural Experiment Station AUBURN UNIVERSIT Y E. V. Smith, Director Auburn, Alabama CONTENTS Page SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CUPRESSUS STUDIED 4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION-- 4 CONE COLLECTION 5 Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) 7 Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (Smooth Arizona Cypress) 11 Cupressus guadalupensis (Tecate Cypress) 11 Cupressus arizonicavar. stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) 11 Cupressus sargentii (Sargent Cypress) 12 Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana (Gowen Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana (Santa Cruz Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana var. pygmaca (Mendocino Cypress) 12 Cupressus bakeri (Siskiyou Cypress) 13 Cupressus bakeri (Modoc Cypress) 13 Cupressus macnabiana (McNab Cypress) 13 Cupressus arizonica var. nevadensis (Piute Cypress) 13 GENERAL COMMENTS ON GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION ---------- 13 COMMENTS ON STUDYING CYPRESSES 19 FIRST PRINTING 3M, MAY 1967 OBSERVATIONS on SPECIES of CYPRESS INDIGENOUS to the UNITED STATES CLAYTON E. POSEY* and JAMES F. GOGGANS Department of Forestry THERE HAS BEEN considerable interest in growing Cupressus (cypress) in the Southeast for several years. The Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, was the first institution in the Southeast to initiate work on the cy- presses in 1937, and since that time many states have introduced Cupressus in hope of finding a species suitable for Christmas tree production. In most cases seed for trial plantings were obtained from commercial dealers without reference to seed source or form of parent tree. Many plantings yielded a high proportion of columnar-shaped trees not suitable for the Christmas tree market. It is probable that seed used in Alabama and other Southeastern States came from only a few trees of a given geo- graphic source. -
Instituto Politcnico Nacional
INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL REGIONAL UNIDAD DURANGO ANÁLISIS TAXONÓMICO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA FAMILIA CUPRESSACEAE EN EL ESTADO DE DURANGO T E S I S QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS P R E S E N T A : SILVIA GUADALUPE BENDÍMEZ SALINAS CODIRECTORAS : DRA. MA. DEL SOCORRO GONZÁLEZ ELIZONDO DRA. MARTHA GONZÁLEZ ELIZONDO Victoria de Durango, Dgo., Diciembre de 2007 Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Botánica y el Herbario CIIDIR, del CIIDIR - IPN Unidad Durango, bajo la dirección conjunta de la Dra. María del Socorro González Elizondo y la Dra. Martha González Elizondo. La investigación se desarrolló con financiamiento parcial de la SIP del Instituto Politécnico Nacional a través del proyecto Sistemática del compejo Cupressus lusitanica-lindleyi-benthamii (Cupressaceae) (Clave 20070481). De repente, a la callada, suspira de aroma el cedro. Alfonso Reyes AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a la Dra. Ma. del Socorro González Elizondo y a la Dra. Martha González Elizondo por la dirección del trabajo, por compartir sus amplios conocimientos y gran experiencia, por el tiempo invertido y su amistad. A la Dra. Yolanda Herrera Arrieta, M.C. Irma Lorena López Enriquez, Dr. Marco A. Márquez Linares y Dr. Jeffrey R. Bacon por la revisión del trabajo, sus comentarios y valiosas aportaciones. Al M.C. Jorge A. Tena Flores por su apoyo en las primeras fases del análisis de datos y en la edición de figuras. A la T.L. Marta Laura Ruiz Rentería y Sr. Marcos Pinedo Reyes, personal del Herbario CIIDIR, por facilitar el trabajo de gabinete y de campo. -
Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau
ARIZONA COOPERATIVE E TENSION AZ1557 January 2012 Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau Introduction Leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) is a fast- growing evergreen that has been widely planted as a landscape specimen and along boundaries to create windbreaks or privacy screening in Arizona. The presence of Seiridium canker was confirmed in Prescott, Arizona in July 2011 and it is suspected that the disease occurs in other areas of the state. Seiridium canker was first identified in California’s San Joaquin Valley in 1928. Today, it can be found in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, Australia, South America and Africa on plants in the cypress family (Cupressaceae). Leyland cypress, Monterey cypress, (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Italian cypress (C. sempervirens) are highly susceptible and can be severely impacted by this disease. Since Leyland and Italian cypress have been widely planted in Arizona, it is imperative that Seiridium canker management strategies be applied and suitable resistant tree species be recommended for planting in the future. The Pathogen Seiridium canker is known to be caused by three different fungal species: Seiridium cardinale, S. cupressi and S. unicorne. S. cardinale is the most damaging of the three species and is SCHALAU found in California. S. unicorne and S. cupressi are found in the southeastern United States where the primary host is JEFF Leyland cypress. All three species produce asexual fruiting Figure 1. Leyland cypress tree with dead branch (upper left) and main leader bodies (acervuli) in cankers. The acervuli produce spores caused by Seiridium canker. (conidia) which spread by water, human activity (pruning and transport of infected plant material), and potentially insects, birds and animals to neighboring trees where new Symptoms and Signs infections can occur. -
Cupressus Macrocarpa
Cupressus macrocarpa COMMON NAME Macrocarpa FAMILY Cupressaceae AUTHORITY Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Gymnosperms NVS CODE CUPMAC HABITAT Terrestrial. regenerating bush and scrub near planted trees and hedgerows. FEATURES Cupressus macrocarpa. Photographer: Peter de Medium sized tree to about 36 metres. Has distinctive fluted trunk when Lange mature, bark is thick, reddish brown beneath often becoming whitish on the surface. Adult foliage comprises many small dark green scales closely appressed to the branchlets, but not flattened. Juvenile foliage more needle like, and not appressed. Male cones up to about 3 mm long, yellow and knobbly arising on the tips of the branches. Female cone are also terminal, rosette-like at first, becoming a rounded brown cone with 8-14 scales when mature. Usually 10-20 small seeds per cone scale. SIMILAR TAXA The scales closely appressed on mature plants, but stems not becoming flattened separate Cupressus from other conifers. There are several Cupressus species in cultivation in New Zealand but C. macrocarpa is by far the most common, and can be identified by the blunt leaves lacking resin glands, and the shining brown mature cones. FLOWER COLOURS No flowers YEAR NATURALISED 1904 Cupressus macrocarpa. Photographer: Peter de Lange ORIGIN Monterey Peninsula, California, N. America ETYMOLOGY cupressus: Classical name, said to be derived from the Greek kuo ‘to produce’ and pari ‘equal’, alluding to the symmetrical form of the Italian cypress; alternatively the name is derived from an ancient Latin word for box, the wood once being used for coffins. macrocarpa: Large fruit Reason For Introduction Forestry Life Cycle Comments Occasional and scattered cultivation escape in the vicinity of planted trees (Webb et al 1988). -
Cupressus Lusitanica Cupressaceae
Cupressus lusitanica Cupressaceae Mexico, Guatemala Am: Yeferenji-tid Eng: Mexican cypress Ecology Seed The Mexican cypress originates from the Germination rate about 30‑45% in 10‑20 moist mountain forests of Mexico and days. 160,000–290,000 seed per kg. The Central America. After the eucalypts it is right time for collection is when the cones one of the commonest plantation trees in start to turn brown. After collection the Ethiopia. It grows best in Dry, Moist, and cones are dried in the sun until they open. Wet Weyna Dega and Dega agroclimatic The seeds can then be separated from zones. The tree is only moderately drought the cones by shaking on a sieve. Sow in a resistant and requires deep moist soils. seedbed and prick out in pots. Cypress aphid in Ethiopia Treatment: Not necessary. Storage Uses : Seed can be stored for some months but the viability is gradually Firewood, timber (furniture, construction), reduced. poles, posts, shade, ornamental, windbreak, live fence. Management Fast‑growing on good sites, moderate Description on poorer sites. Weeding during early A large evergreen conifer to 35 m with a establishment. Pruning and thinning of straight trunk, generally conical but not trees in woodlots managed for timber regular in shape, branches wide spreading. production, trimming if grown as a live The branchlets grow in many planes and fence. branches hang down. BARK: Red‑brown with vertical grooves, grey with age. Remarks LEAVES: Dull blue‑green, in 4 ranks, Cypress can produce poles after 10 years with spreading pointed tips. CONES: and general‑purpose timber in as little as 20 Male cones like fat tips on branchlets, years. -
2011 – Northern Sierra Nevada Foothills Vegetation Mapping Report
Northern Sierra Nevada Foothills Vegetation Project: Vegetation Mapping Report Prepared by: John Menke, Ed Reyes, and Debbie Johnson And Aerial Information Systems 112 First St. Todd Keeler-Wolf and Rosie Yacoub, Redlands, CA 92373 Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program Julie Evens and Kendra Sikes, Department of Fish and Game Vegetation Program 1807 13th Street, Suite 202 California Native Plant Society Sacramento, CA 95811 2707 K Street, Suite 1 Sacramento, CA 95816 February 2011 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financially supporting this effort: California Department of Fish and Game’s Wildlife Conservation Board, Resources Legacy Fund Foundation, and Sierra Nevada Conservancy. We want to thank individuals at AIS who provided GIS services from photo-interpretation to map compilation: John Fulton, Arin Glass, Anne Hepburn, Mike Nelson, Ben Johnson, Janet Reyes, Lisa Morse, and Lisa Cotterman. We also thank the following CNPS staff who provided GIS and field expertise during the map accuracy assessment: Jennifer Buck, Rebecca Crowe, Melinda Elster, Betsy Harbert, Theresa Johnson, and Lisa Stelzner, and in particular Suzanne Harmon and Danielle Roach. We are indebted to the CDFG staff who provided significant input and field checks: Rachelle Boul, Melanie Gogul-Prokurat, Diana Hickson, Anne Klein, Cynthia Roye, Steve Schoenig, and Jerrad Swaney. Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 -
Southern California Endemic Habitats
Southern California Endemic Habitats Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Synthesis An Important Note About this Document: This document represents an initial evaluation of vulnerability for endemic habitats based on expert input and existing information. Specifically, the information presented below comprises habitat expert vulnerability assessment survey results and comments, peer- review comments and revisions, and relevant references from the literature. The aim of this document is to expand understanding of habitat vulnerability to changing climate conditions, and to provide a foundation for developing appropriate adaptation responses. Executive Summary In this assessment, endemic habitats are considered as one collective habitat grouping, but directed comments are provided for the following systems of interest:1 serpentine, carbonate, gabbro, pebble plains, and clay lens. In general, these endemic habitats feature specialized vegetative communities that are adapted to Photo by California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife (CC-BY-2.0) harsh and unique conditions derived, in part, from parent Photo by California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife (CC-BY-2.0) soil material (Center for Biological Diversity [CBD] 2002; Damschen et al. 2012; Safford and Harrison 2008; Stephenson and Calcarone 1999; U.S. Forest Service [USFS] 2005). Endemic habitats are typically limited in distribution, occupying distinct areas within the southern California study area. The relative vulnerability of endemic habitats in southern California was evaluated to be moderate2 -
SARGENT CYPRESS COMMUNITIES Cupressus Sargentii
Measuring the Health of the Mountain: A Report on Mount Tamalpais’ Natural Resources (2016) (Chapter 4 excerpts) SARGENT CYPRESS COMMUNITIES Cupressus sargentii Condition: Good Trend: No Change Confidence: Moderate WHY IS THIS RESOURCE INCLUDED? Sargent cypress communities occur as open, scrubby forests and woodlands associated with serpentine chaparral. They are relatively limited in distribution and globally rare. The “pygmy forest” of Sargent cypress along San Geronimo Ridge is a rare vegetation type that hosts several California Native Plant Society-listed and locally rare plant species. In the One Tam area of focus, this community is characterized by an understory of navarretias, Indian warrior (Pedicularis densiflora), jewelflowers (Streptanthus), and scattered to dense Mt. Tamalpais manzanita (Arctostaphylos montana ssp. montana, a California Native Plant Society 1B species, which are plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and elsewhere). Sargent cypress communities provide habitat for large ground cone (Kopsiopsis strobilacea) and pleated gentian (Gentiana affinis ssp. ovata), which are also locally rare. These communities are good indicators of wildfire and mechanical disturbance. Sargent cypress stands typically recruit new trees following stand-replacing wildland fires, making this a key disturbance process for their long-term persistence. Fire return intervals in Sargent cypress stands vary, but are typically multi-decadal. Too-frequent fires can threaten recruitment because individual trees need several years to mature and produce sufficient cones to create an adequate seedbank. Wildfire return intervals that are either too short (e.g., less than a decade) or too long (150+ years) can negatively impact this community. OVERALL CONDITION The One Tam area hosts approximately 366 acres of Sargent cypress. -
Neoproterozoic Origin and Multiple Transitions to Macroscopic Growth in Green Seaweeds
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/668475; this version posted June 12, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Neoproterozoic origin and multiple transitions to macroscopic growth in green seaweeds Andrea Del Cortonaa,b,c,d,1, Christopher J. Jacksone, François Bucchinib,c, Michiel Van Belb,c, Sofie D’hondta, Pavel Škaloudf, Charles F. Delwicheg, Andrew H. Knollh, John A. Raveni,j,k, Heroen Verbruggene, Klaas Vandepoeleb,c,d,1,2, Olivier De Clercka,1,2 Frederik Leliaerta,l,1,2 aDepartment of Biology, Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium bDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium cVIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium dBioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium eSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia fDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic gDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA hDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA. iDivision of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK jSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia (M048), 35 Stirling Highway, WA 6009, Australia kClimate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia lMeise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] or [email protected]. -
Relationship of Tecate Cypress Distribution to Soil Types
Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-1980 Relationship of Tecate Cypress Distribution to Soil Types David E. Stottlemyer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Stottlemyer, David E., "Relationship of Tecate Cypress Distribution to Soil Types" (1980). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 926. https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/926 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract RELATIONSHIP OF TECATE CYPRESS DISTRIBUTION TO SOIL TYPES by David E. Stottlemyer The Tecate Cypress (Cupressus forbesii Jeps.) is a gymnosperm tree of limited distribution. To determine if soil is an influencing factor in its distribution, the soil characteristics of a Tecate Cypress grove in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County, California, were compared with soils from neighboring communities and other Tecate Cypress groves. • Soil samples were analyzed for texture, saturation percent, pH, and electrical conductivity. Tests were also run for nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Results seem to indicate that the Tecate Cypress soils are: 1) significantly more acidic than the soils of surrounding chaparral communities, and 2) significantly lower in nutrients than the soils of big-cone Douglas fir, mixed conifer, knob cone pine and oak woodlands. -
The Following Tree Seedlings Are Available to Order from the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State Tree Nursery
The following tree seedlings are available to order from the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State Tree Nursery: Scientific Name: Common Name: Dibble/ Pot size: Acacia koa……………………… Koa……………………………….. Small Acacia koaia……………………... Koai’a……………………………. Small Araucaria columnaris…………….. Norfolk-island Pine……………… Small Cryptomeria japonica……………. Sugi Pine………………………… Small Cupressus lusitanica……………... Mexican Cypress………………… Small Cupressus macrocarpa…………… Monterey Cypress……………….. Small Cupressus simpervirens………….. Italian Cypress…………………… Medium Eucalyptus deglupta……………… Rainbow Bark……………………. Small Eucalyptus robusta……………….. Swamp Mahogany……………….. Small Metrosideros polymorpha……….. Ohia……………………………… Medium or 3” pot Pinus elliotii……………………… Slash Pine………………………... Small Pinus radiata……………………... Monterey Pine…………………… Small Podocarpus sp……………………. Podocarpus………………………. 3” pot Santalum sp……………………… Sandalwood……………………… Medium or 3” pot Tristania conferta………………… Brush Box………………………... Small Acacia koa (Koa): This large hardwood tree is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The tree has exceeded 100 ft in height with basal diameter far beyond 50 inches in old growth stands. The wood is prized for furniture and canoe works. This legume has pods with black seeds for reproduction. The wood has similar properties to that of black walnut. The yellow flowers are borne in dense round heads about 2@ in diameter. Tree growth is best above 800 ft; seems to grow best in the ‘Koa belt’ which is situated at an elevation range between 3,500 - 6,000 ft. It is often found in areas where there is fog in the late afternoons. It should be planted in well- drained fertile soils. Grazing animals relish the Koa foliage, so young seedlings should be protected Acacia koaia (Koaia): Related to the Koa, Koaia is native to Hawaii. The leaves and flowers are much the same as Koa. -
Cypress Species Choice and Minimising the Risk of Canker
GROWING CYPRESSES FOR TIMBER Species choice and minimising the risk of canker Information Note 1 Cypresses have long been a favourite alternative to radiata pine for New Zealand’s farm foresters, small-scale plantation owners, and some large-scale growers. IN GENERAL, CYPRESSES: • Are a versatile species with proven performance both as a timber producer and as a shelter species. • Produce versatile timber of relatively high value (compared with radiata pine) that is very easy to saw and dry, and has many end uses. • Grow best on moderately fertile, well- drained, sheltered sites, but with careful species and genotype (seedlot) selection will perform well on a reasonably wide range of sites. • Produce their best timber on sheltered sites. 18-year old Cupressus macrocarpa. • Produce quality timber even as young trees, unlike radiata pine. • Have a reputation of being prone to canker. However this is chiefly a problem of C. macrocarpa, and Leyland cypresses on warmer and exposed sites. Susceptibility to canker depends on site, species, and within any given species, the seedlot. Some seedlots are more resistant to canker than others of the same species. New more canker- resistant planting stock is becoming available. • Are prone to toppling on fertile sites, especially if poorly drained, and are particularly unstable on water-logged clay soils. • May cause abortion if foliage is eaten by pregnant cattle. Caution is advised. Cattle raised with access to cypresses tend not to eat the foliage. There is an established market for cypress timber based on ‘macrocarpa’ – a species widely planted throughout New Zealand for many decades, both in plantations and in farm shelter plantings.