Cypress Species Choice and Minimising the Risk of Canker
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Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau
ARIZONA COOPERATIVE E TENSION AZ1557 January 2012 Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau Introduction Leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) is a fast- growing evergreen that has been widely planted as a landscape specimen and along boundaries to create windbreaks or privacy screening in Arizona. The presence of Seiridium canker was confirmed in Prescott, Arizona in July 2011 and it is suspected that the disease occurs in other areas of the state. Seiridium canker was first identified in California’s San Joaquin Valley in 1928. Today, it can be found in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, Australia, South America and Africa on plants in the cypress family (Cupressaceae). Leyland cypress, Monterey cypress, (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Italian cypress (C. sempervirens) are highly susceptible and can be severely impacted by this disease. Since Leyland and Italian cypress have been widely planted in Arizona, it is imperative that Seiridium canker management strategies be applied and suitable resistant tree species be recommended for planting in the future. The Pathogen Seiridium canker is known to be caused by three different fungal species: Seiridium cardinale, S. cupressi and S. unicorne. S. cardinale is the most damaging of the three species and is SCHALAU found in California. S. unicorne and S. cupressi are found in the southeastern United States where the primary host is JEFF Leyland cypress. All three species produce asexual fruiting Figure 1. Leyland cypress tree with dead branch (upper left) and main leader bodies (acervuli) in cankers. The acervuli produce spores caused by Seiridium canker. (conidia) which spread by water, human activity (pruning and transport of infected plant material), and potentially insects, birds and animals to neighboring trees where new Symptoms and Signs infections can occur. -
Cupressus Lusitanica Cupressaceae
Cupressus lusitanica Cupressaceae Mexico, Guatemala Am: Yeferenji-tid Eng: Mexican cypress Ecology Seed The Mexican cypress originates from the Germination rate about 30‑45% in 10‑20 moist mountain forests of Mexico and days. 160,000–290,000 seed per kg. The Central America. After the eucalypts it is right time for collection is when the cones one of the commonest plantation trees in start to turn brown. After collection the Ethiopia. It grows best in Dry, Moist, and cones are dried in the sun until they open. Wet Weyna Dega and Dega agroclimatic The seeds can then be separated from zones. The tree is only moderately drought the cones by shaking on a sieve. Sow in a resistant and requires deep moist soils. seedbed and prick out in pots. Cypress aphid in Ethiopia Treatment: Not necessary. Storage Uses : Seed can be stored for some months but the viability is gradually Firewood, timber (furniture, construction), reduced. poles, posts, shade, ornamental, windbreak, live fence. Management Fast‑growing on good sites, moderate Description on poorer sites. Weeding during early A large evergreen conifer to 35 m with a establishment. Pruning and thinning of straight trunk, generally conical but not trees in woodlots managed for timber regular in shape, branches wide spreading. production, trimming if grown as a live The branchlets grow in many planes and fence. branches hang down. BARK: Red‑brown with vertical grooves, grey with age. Remarks LEAVES: Dull blue‑green, in 4 ranks, Cypress can produce poles after 10 years with spreading pointed tips. CONES: and general‑purpose timber in as little as 20 Male cones like fat tips on branchlets, years. -
Cupressus Torulosa Is a Good Substitute of Two Selected Juniperus Species for Aroma Potentials Hema Lohani, Nirpendra Kumar Chauhan and Harish Ch
Arom & at al ic in P l ic a n d t Lohani et al., Med Aromat Plants 2013, 2:2 e s M Medicinal & Aromatic Plants DOI: 0.4172/2167-0412.1000122 ISSN: 2167-0412 ResearchLetter Article OpenOpen Access Access Cupressus torulosa is a Good Substitute of Two Selected Juniperus Species for Aroma Potentials Hema Lohani, Nirpendra Kumar Chauhan and Harish Ch. Andola* Centre for Aromatic Plants (CAP) Industrial Estate, Selaqui-248197,Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India Essential oils which are complex mixture of terpenoids and other survival of the Juniperus species at a risk in nature due to continuous class of components isolated from different plant parts of aromatic plants, exploration in for preparation of tradition incenses and material for find impotent place in industry due to extensive uses in food, flavour, essential oil extraction etc. essential oil analysis of the needles and fragrances and pharmaceutical industry, More than 250 different type of berry of Juniperus species i.e. J. communis, contain monoterpene essential oil worth US$ 1.2 billion per annum are traded in the globe [1] hydrocarbons (76.2-81.4%). Major components such as α-pinene A number of countries produced different kind of essential oils. India (31.8-49.5%) and limonene (13.7-19.5%) δ-3-carene (9.7%- 14.7%) ranks second in world trade due to wide application in cosmetic, food, sabinene (0.8-6.7%), β-myrcene (2.4-5.6%), β-pinene (2.1-4.3%) and and pharmaceutical, therapeutically these used as antiseptic, stimulant, α-terpinyl acetate (1.7-2.9%). -
Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual
PB 1854 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual 1 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual Contributing Authors Alan B. Galloway Area Farm Management Specialist [email protected] Megan Bruch Leffew Marketing Specialist [email protected] Dr. David Mercker Extension Forestry Specialist [email protected] Foreword The authors are indebted to the author of the original Production of Christmas Trees in Tennessee (Bulletin 641, 1984) manual by Dr. Eyvind Thor. His efforts in promoting and educating growers about Christmas tree production in Tennessee led to the success of many farms and helped the industry expand. This publication builds on the base of information from the original manual. The authors appreciate the encouragement, input and guidance from the members of the Tennessee Christmas Tree Growers Association with a special thank you to Joe Steiner who provided his farm schedule as a guide for Chapter 6. The development and printing of this manual were made possible in part by a USDA specialty crop block grant administered through the Tennessee Department of Agriculture. The authors thank the peer review team of Dr. Margarita Velandia, Dr. Wayne Clatterbuck and Kevin Ferguson for their keen eyes and great suggestions. While this manual is directed more toward new or potential choose-and-cut growers, it should provide useful information for growers of all experience levels and farm sizes. Parts of the information presented will become outdated. It is recommended that prospective growers seek additional information from their local University of Tennessee Extension office and from other Christmas tree growers. 2 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual Contents Chapter 1: Beginning the Planning ............................................................................................... -
The Following Tree Seedlings Are Available to Order from the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State Tree Nursery
The following tree seedlings are available to order from the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State Tree Nursery: Scientific Name: Common Name: Dibble/ Pot size: Acacia koa……………………… Koa……………………………….. Small Acacia koaia……………………... Koai’a……………………………. Small Araucaria columnaris…………….. Norfolk-island Pine……………… Small Cryptomeria japonica……………. Sugi Pine………………………… Small Cupressus lusitanica……………... Mexican Cypress………………… Small Cupressus macrocarpa…………… Monterey Cypress……………….. Small Cupressus simpervirens………….. Italian Cypress…………………… Medium Eucalyptus deglupta……………… Rainbow Bark……………………. Small Eucalyptus robusta……………….. Swamp Mahogany……………….. Small Metrosideros polymorpha……….. Ohia……………………………… Medium or 3” pot Pinus elliotii……………………… Slash Pine………………………... Small Pinus radiata……………………... Monterey Pine…………………… Small Podocarpus sp……………………. Podocarpus………………………. 3” pot Santalum sp……………………… Sandalwood……………………… Medium or 3” pot Tristania conferta………………… Brush Box………………………... Small Acacia koa (Koa): This large hardwood tree is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The tree has exceeded 100 ft in height with basal diameter far beyond 50 inches in old growth stands. The wood is prized for furniture and canoe works. This legume has pods with black seeds for reproduction. The wood has similar properties to that of black walnut. The yellow flowers are borne in dense round heads about 2@ in diameter. Tree growth is best above 800 ft; seems to grow best in the ‘Koa belt’ which is situated at an elevation range between 3,500 - 6,000 ft. It is often found in areas where there is fog in the late afternoons. It should be planted in well- drained fertile soils. Grazing animals relish the Koa foliage, so young seedlings should be protected Acacia koaia (Koaia): Related to the Koa, Koaia is native to Hawaii. The leaves and flowers are much the same as Koa. -
Conifer Quarterly
Conifer Quarterly Vol. 21 No. 2 Spring 2004 P hot os b y G ar y W hitt enbaugh Gary Whittenbaugh can’t resist incorporating Chamaecyparis into his Iowa garden, while at the same time he warns against becoming too attached to them. Read about these plants’ role in the Midwest on page 20. Shown here are (top) C. pisifera ‘Plumosa Compressa’ as a background plant, ‘Golden Mop’ in the fall (left) and Gary’s favorite,‘Snow.’ Grafting is an important part of conifer propagation, from the largest nurseries to the hobbyist plant collector. Review the basics of side grafting on page 30, as taught by expert George Okken. een r y G on T The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of The Conifer Society Contents Featured conifer genus: Chamaecyparis 6 Resurrecting Lawson Cypress for the 21st Century Tanya DeMarsh-Dodson 12 Seedling Conifers Offer Challenge and Variety Peter C. Jones 16 Origin, Distribution and Variation of Atlantic White-cedar Kristin Mylecraine and John Kuser 20 Reader Recommendations More features 24 Hands Across the Sea Derek Spicer 29 Obituary: Bob Tomayer 30 The Art and Science of Grafting: A Demonstration by George Okken Anne M. Brennan 38 One Acre in Rochester Gerald P. Kral Conifer Society voices 2 President’s Message 4 Editor’s Memo 15 Conifers on the Web 23 Puzzle Page 42 Central Region Builds on Past Success 43 Western Region Update 44 Northeast Region to Visit the “Flower City” 46 Southeast Region Announces Itinerary Cover photo: An unusually cold Pennsylvania winter melts away with the snow from Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Crippsii’,just as last year’s muted foliage will soon disappear behind the glowing golden spring flush for which this cultivar is known. -
Friends of Botanic Gardens Forum Newsletter Edition 4
FRIENDS OF BOTANIC GARDENS FORUM NEWSLETTER EDITION 4 1 Dear Friends, The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now. (Chinese proverb) Well, here at last the 4th issue of the Friends of Botanic Gardens Forum. I have to first of all apologise for the delay in getting this out to you – but I suspect you are all doing as I have been doing these past few months – catching up with friends, family, holidays, your own gardens, considering future events – live or virtual over the forthcoming autumn/winter months and perhaps getting back to volunteering in the gardens/arboreta with whom you are associated. Next up I want to thank you all for your contributions – I have found it so interesting reading about the gardens and the activities of your groups and volunteers. The descriptions are tantalising and I look forward to visiting all of your spaces at some point in the not too distant future. You will note that a number of the gardens are celebrating significant anniversaries. We have already heard about the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh - 350 last year, and this year, Oxford Botanic Garden – 400, but we also have Dundee Botanic Garden celebrating 50 years. The project which the Friends at Dundee have supported will be a great asset to the garden and the Dundee community. It has been difficult to mark these occasions given the variable Covid restrictions. Any of you who have visited Edinburgh in the past might have seen the Floral Clock in Princes Street Gardens – last year, the RBGE was due to feature on the clock, but a decision was made to focus on the NHS in recognition of its extraordinary work during the Pandemic. -
The Case of the Languishing Leylands
DETECTIVE DENDRO THE DIAGNOSTIC SLEUTH By Guy Meilleur The Case of the Languishing Leylands I was installing the new screen in the “Interesting,” I said. “Let me get your e-mail address so I can back door of the office, thinking back send you a statement of our services, and you can reply with your to The Case of the Waning Waxmyrtles, address and other contact information.” where Codit and I got to the root of a Codit downloaded her reply, printed out a map and the work declining Morella hedge. The landsca- order that she agreed to, and we were on the way. The neighbor- pers learned new ways of mulching, hood was a good one, but the yards were small. Layla’s house was watering, fertilizing, and pruning to easy to spot. It was full of conifers. She met us in the backyard, and ANSI standards, so the hedge was pointed to the brown branches. A bird with a red head and a yellow looking much better. I was ruminating belly flew away as we approached. on the many benefits of screens of all types when the phone rang. “Good day, Layla,” I said. “These are Leyland cypress, × Cupres- “Hello, Detective Dendro? My name is Layla Compressa, and I socyparis leylandii ...” have a tree question. Branches in my evergreens in the backyard are “X?” Codit interrupted. “Why is there an X in the name? Are dying, and I don’t know why. We planted them five years ago and they mutants, like the X-Men, or is one of their names taken out, they have grown quite nicely in that time, but now there are brown like Malcolm X, or …” branches in one of them. -
X Cupressocyparis Leylandii 'Naylor's Blue' 'Naylor's Blue' Leyland Cypress
Fact Sheet ST-673 October 1994 x Cupressocyparis leylandii ‘Naylor’s Blue’ ‘Naylor’s Blue’ Leyland Cypress1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION A moderate to rapidly-growing evergreen when young, ‘Naylor’s Blue’ Leyland Cypress will easily grow three feet per year, even on poor soils, and will ultimately attain a majestic height of 50 feet or more in the west, perhaps somewhat shorter in the east (Fig. 1). Leyland Cypress forms a dense, oval or pyramidal outline when left unpruned, but the graceful, pendulous branches will tolerate severe trimming to create a formal hedge, screen or windbreak. The fine, feathery glaucous blue-green foliage is composed of soft, pointed leaves on flattened branchlets and are dark blue-green when mature. Leyland Cypress quickly outgrows its space in small landscapes and is too big for most residential landscapes unless it will be regularly trimmed. Although it can be sheared into a tall screen on small lots, Leyland Cypress should probably be saved for large-scale landscapes where it can be allowed to develop into its natural shape. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: x Cupressocyparis leylandii ‘Naylor’s Blue’ Pronunciation: x koo-press-so-SIP-air-iss lay-LAN-dee-eye Common name(s): ‘Naylor’s Blue’ Leyland Cypress Family: Cupressaceae Figure 1. Middle-aged ‘Naylor’s Blue’ Leyland Cypress. USDA hardiness zones: 6 through 10A (Fig. 2) Origin: not native to North America Availability: grown in small quantities by a small Uses: hedge; recommended for buffer strips around number of nurseries parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; screen; specimen; Christmas tree 1. -
(Journal of the RNZIH): June 2004, Vol. 7, No. 1, P
The changing Leyland Cypress Derrick Rooney1 Thanks to a recent discovery in Dallimore recognised the seedlings cypress, Cupressus glabra, growing Vietnam, the long arm of taxonomy as that uncommon occurrence, an about 20 metres from the Nootka is set to reach out yet again with a intergeneric cross, between the cypress that had produced the name change for the Leyland Monterey and Nootka cypresses. original Leyland clones. Two cypress, one of New Zealand's most This meant that a new name, seedlings from this tree displayed popular farm and horticultural shelter incorporating bits of both generic unusual adult foliage and were trees. names, had to be erected. subsequently propagated and named xCupressocyparis 'Notabilis'. Although it did not become widely At the time, the Monterey cypress Later still, in the early 1960s, a Mr known even in England until the was known to taxonomists, as it is Harold Ovens, from Cardiganshire, 1960s and in New Zealand until the still, as Cupressus macrocarpa. collected seed from a Mexican late 1980s and 1990s, when mass However, the Nootka cypress, also cypress, Cupressus lusitanica, propagation techniques were popularly known in the American surrounded by Nootka cypresses, at developed, the Leyland cypress was Pacific North-West as yellow spruce, the Westonbirt Arboretum. Two of first raised by chance way back in was classified in the same false- the resultant seedlings were clearly the 1880s (in 1883 according to some cypress genus as the better-known crossed with Nootka cypress. One accounts and 1888 according to Lawson cypress, and was known as of these, now known as others) at Leighton Hall, Welshpool, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. -
Gene Duplications and Genomic Conflict Underlie Major Pulses of Phenotypic 2 Evolution in Gymnosperms 3 4 Gregory W
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.13.435279; this version posted March 15, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 1 Gene duplications and genomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic 2 evolution in gymnosperms 3 4 Gregory W. Stull1,2,†, Xiao-Jian Qu3,†, Caroline Parins-Fukuchi4, Ying-Ying Yang1, Jun-Bo 5 Yang2, Zhi-Yun Yang2, Yi Hu5, Hong Ma5, Pamela S. Soltis6, Douglas E. Soltis6,7, De-Zhu Li1,2,*, 6 Stephen A. Smith8,*, Ting-Shuang Yi1,2,*. 7 8 1Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Kunming, Yunnan, China. 10 2CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of 11 Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. 12 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, 13 Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 14 4Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 15 5Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 16 University Park, PA, USA. 17 6Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 18 7Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 19 8Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 20 MI, USA. 21 †Co-first author. 22 *Correspondence to: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. -
Two Distinct Himalayan Cypress Species Cupressus Tortulosa and Cupressus Cashmeriana with Additional Comparison to Cupressus Torulosa
Bull. CCP 3 (3): 99-115. (12.2014) D. Mаеrki Two distinct Himalayan cypress species Cupressus tortulosa and Cupressus cashmeriana with additional comparison to Cupressus torulosa In a previous article (Mаеrki 2013b), the trees grown in France, Italy and Switzerland under the label Cupressus cashmeriana Carrière were investigated. It was discovered that the cypresses grown in France are different from those cultivated in Italy, which better match the material collected by Griffith in Bhutan and described by him under the name Cupressus tortulosa. A summary of the main differences has been proposed (Mаеrki, 2013b: 49-50) together with analysis of Carrière’s protologue (1867) and discussion of the correct origin of the French plants in “Tibet” (now Arunachal Pradesh in India). The scope of the present article is to detail these differences with new observations and statistical data. Cupressus torulosa D.Don, Cupressus tortulosa and Cupressus cashmeriana are all growing west to 1 east on the southern slopes of the Himalaya in well separated distribution ranges ; west Nepal, and Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India, for C. torulosa, Bhutan for C. tortulosa and Arunachal Pradesh (India) for C. cashmeriana. All populations of each species are scattered in different valleys. It is quite likely that the compartmentalisation of these populations over several millions years allowed speciation processes from a common ancestor. There are also lots of planted trees near temples, monasteries and fortresses whose origins are not recorded. Several wild stands are very difficult to access, sometimes almost impossible above high cliffs, and are still in need of investigation; further taxa could possibly yet be discovered.