DOCSLIB.ORG

Proposed Panama Canal Memorial Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proposed Panama Canal Memorial Park CREATING EXPERIENCES: THE CITY OF KNOWLEDGE INTERPRETIVE NETWORK Item Type text; Master's Report-Reproduction (electronic) Authors SUSSMAN, RACHEL M. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 18:38:17 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555270 YARP LAR . 66 Arch it Reserve I CREATING EXPERIENCES: THE CITY OF KNOWLEDGE INTERPRETIVE NETWORK Rachel ML Sussman University of Arizona December, 2oo2 CREATING EXPERIENCES: THE CITY OF KNOWLEDGE INTERPRETIVE NETWORK By Rachel M. Sussman Copyright © Rachel M. Sussman 2002 A Master’s Report Submitted to the Faculty of the COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING, AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2002 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. s ig : APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: • ( O • O Z Mark Frederickson Date Professor of Landscape Architecture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my thesis committee for their time and contribution to the project: Chairman Mark Frederickson, Oscar Blazquez, and R. Brooks Jeffery. I would like to thank the City of Knowledge staff for their support of the project and providing an on-site office and use of the facilities. I would like to extend a special thanks to Magali Jurado for her provocative insights, enthusiasm, and friendship. Also, my thanks to Jorge Riba, Alberto Arosemena, and Alvaro Uribe for providing the opportunity to work on the project and sharing valuable ideas and time. I would also like to acknowledge all survey and interview participants who provided valuable information for the project. Additional thanks goes to all my wonderful family and friends who supported me from afar while I was in Panama and continued to do so in the States. A special thanks goes to Lare Jesski—WW to the eerie, yet fortunate timing of our meeting in Panama City on 9-10-01. Finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my parents, David and Dolores Sussman, for their unconditional love, support, and patience that carried me through my “learning experience.” TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOW LEDGEM ENTS.........................................................................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIG U R E S........................................................................................................................................................................ ........ x LIST OF TABLES.................................... ...................................... ..............................................................................................................xiii ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................... xv IN TRO D U CTIO N ........................................................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Need................................................................................................................................ 1 Scope........................................................................................ ......................... ....................................................;...................................... 1 Research M ethodology................................................................................................................................................................;............... 2 PART ONE: THEORY 1. The Experience Economy................................................................................................................... 5 The Knowledge-Wisdom Concept............................................................................................................................ 5 Application of Experience Economy Theory to City of Knowledge............................. ................................................................... 6 The Experience Economy Model................................................................................................................................. ..........................8 The Experience Economy Design Principles.............................................................................................................................. 9 PART TWO: CITY OF KNOWLEDGE/PANAMA ANALYSES & PROJECT IMPLICATIONS 2. Geological, Historical, and Cultural Analysis.............. ................................................................................................ ....................... 13 Geology......................................................................................................................................................................... ............................13 History.... ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Culture.................................................................. 16 Amenities Summary 1 ................................................................ ........................................................................................................... 18 TABLE OF CQNTENTS-Contimed 3. Site Analysis....................................................................................................................................................................................................19 Location................................................................ 19 Transportation and Circulation........................................................................................................................................ ....................... 21 Transportation, Circulation, and Parking Proposals............................................................................................................................... 25 Zoning........;................ 26 Climate........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Flora and Fauna.................................................................................... 30 Topography, Views, Winds........................................................................................................................................................................ 32 Buildings/Recreational and Sports Facilities ...........................................................................................................................................33 Other Significant Features...................................................... 35 Amenities Summary 2 ........................................ 36 4. User Group Analysis.....................................................................................................................................................................................37 Survey...........................................................................................................................................................................................................37 Structured Interviews.................................................................................................................................................................................37 Summary of Results.................................................................................................................................................................................-.38 Amenities Summary 3 ............................................. 40 Total Amenities Sum m ary................................ 42 PART THREE: CASE STUDIES 5. Case Studies of Proposed Amenities.......................................................................................................................................................... 47 Adventure/Educational Tours/Boat Ride/Sky T ram .........................................................................................................................47 Gamboa Rainforest R esort...................................................................................................................................................... 47 Panama Jones Tour Operator................................................................................................................................................................47 Bike Rentals/Botanical Gardens/Corporate Garden/Exhibits/Interpretive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Examining the Benefits Panama's Logistics Platform
    Examining the Benefits Panama’s Logistics Platform Offers to Australian Companies and Panama’s Commercial Opportunities in Australia A Report Drafted for The Embassy of the Republic of Panama Guillermo Becerra An intern with the Australian National Internships Program Fall 2019 Report Word Count: 8,148 Table of Contents Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Context ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 7 Panama’s Logistic Assets and Services…………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Advantages of Utilizing the Logistics Platform for Australians……………………………………………………… 18 Australia’s Export Potential to Latin America and the U.S……………………………………………………………. 23 Commercial Opportunities for Panama in Australia…………………………………………………………………….. 30 Concerns and Risks Australian Companies Should Consider………………………………………………………… 34 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 2 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Ambassador Marcelino Avilés Valdespino of the Republic of Panama for giving me the opportunity to intern and in guiding me throughout my research project, and Mr. Gian Carlo Pedreschi T. for enlightening me with how Panama’s logistics platform works in practice and Panama’s export potential to Australia. Special thanks to my University of California Santa Barbara network of support: Marisa Flores, Chris
    [Show full text]
  • Client Lists
    CLIENT LISTS FOUNDATIONS & GOVERNMENT AGENCIES State of New York — 1967 Commission on College Buildings Academy for Educational Development Albany, New York Washington, D.C. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Agency for International Development, Inc. Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Washington, D.C. Paris, France Arlington Open Space Committee United States Department of State Arlington, Massachusetts Foreign Service Institute Washington, D.C. Association of Physical Plant Administrators of Colleges and Universities Washington, D.C. INTERNATIONAL Bush Foundation ARABIAN GULF St. Paul, Minnesota Arab Gulf States Cambridge Conservation Commission College of Communications Arts Cambridge, Massachusetts Arabian Gulf Cambridge Street Community Development BANGLADESH Corporation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Asian University for Women Beacon Hill Civic Association Chittagong, Bangladesh Boston, Massachusetts BOTSWANA Castle Hill Foundation Ipswich, Massachusetts University of Botswana Maun, Botswana Educational Facilities Laboratories, Inc. New York, New York CANADA Ford Foundation Athabasca University New York, New York Alberta, Canada Hewlett Foundation McMaster University Menlo Park, California Hamilton, Ontario, Canada International Bank for Reconstruction Project 200 Consortium and Development (Grosvenor-Laing, Canadian Pacific Railroad, Washington, D.C. Simpson-Sears, Woodwards) Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute College Park, Maryland University of
    [Show full text]
  • Stories of Scouting in the Panama Canal Zone March 2016
    Camping in the Jungle: Stories of Scouting i n the Panama Canal Zone | 1 Camping in the Jungle: Stories of Scouting in the Panama Canal Zone March 2016 – August 2016 Smathers Library, 1st Floor George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida Curated by Sarah Marek, with assistance from Jessica Marcetti and Lourdes Santamaría-Wheeler Often heralded as the “gateway to the world”, the Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, merging water, commerce, and culture. Yet its surrounding area, the Panama Canal Zone, was a world unto itself. Extending five miles on each side of the canal, the Zone was controlled by the United States from 1903 to 1979. During that time, many U.S. citizens and their families, working on the construction and operation of the canal, made their homes there. Many Canal Zone residents viewed themselves as living a thoroughly American life. An important marker of the American lifestyle in the Canal Zone was scouting. Scouting activities included parades, jamborees, and community-wide fundraisers that brought people together and created a connection to the larger American culture. Perhaps it was also the sense of civic duty, so prevalent in the lives of Canal Zone residents, that fostered a natural connection to the values and activities that scouting embraces. While some elements of scout life, like the iconic uniforms and patches, are universal, many things made Canal Zone scouting a unique adventure. From carrying a machete to sleeping in jungle hammocks, Canal Zone scouts have fond memories of their exceptional experiences. Those experiences are highlighted by these objects, images, and stories from the Panama Canal Museum Collection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review 3 Tion
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie132pana C C/iTlLL<Jt Vol. 13, No. i September 7, 1962 I &tevenA L/ircb Editors Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President Publications i^^S Joseph Connor and Guillermo Rodolfo Yaldes W. P. Leber, Lieutenant Governor Official Panama Canal Company Publication Editorial Assistants Will Arey Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Eunice Richard, Tobi Bittel, and Tomas A. Cupas Panama Canal Information Officer Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C.Z. On sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers. Retail Stores, and the Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication date at 5 cents each. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mall and back copies, 10 cents each. Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z. WITH NO APOLOGIES to Time Magazine, The Review is proud to point to articles in this issue from our Index correspondents in the United States and Moscow. Former Review Editor Eleanor Mcllhenny wrote the feature story beginning on page 10 about retired Zonians and what they are doing. With husband Ted, who was a veteran electrical engineer in the Design Engineer's Office, Eleanor traveled extensively in preparing the article about seven well-known Zonians. The Mcllhenny's retired in September 1960. In forwarding the article, Eleanor wrote that she and Ted have finally decided to settle down, probably in the Cleveland, Ohio, area, and "we'll send an address along later." Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 2, 1954
    ! Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum qq-l-dLto-Q) wi Vol.4, No. 12 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, JULY 2, 1954 5 cents NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL AWARD OF MERIT WON BY CANAL ORGANIZATION FOR NOTEWORTHY RECORD Whee The National Safety Coun- cil's Award of Merit^has been won by the Canal organiza- tion for its noteworthy safety achievement for the calendar year 1953. The Merit Award is equivalent to a second place, being exceeded only by the Award of Honor, which is given for an outstanding safety rec- ord. The Company-Govern- ment was only a few points short of this top award. The Award of Merit is accompanied by an embossed certificate, under glass and mounted on a wood plaque, and by a green-and-white safety flag. Both will be presented to Gov. J. S. Seybold this month during a visit to the Canal Zone of a sub-committee of the Panama Canal Company Board of Directors. A ceremony is being arranged for the presentation of the award and for the flag raising which will follow. The letter to G. 0. Kellar, Chief of the Safety Branch, from the National Safety JULY 4 wouldn't be Independence Day without fireworks. This picture of what the Gay '90's used Council announcing the award and con- to call a "pyrotechnic display" was taken in Balboa last July 4. gratulating the Canal organization on its achievement, said: "Under the provisions of the Plan For Independence Day Is July Fifth Recognizing Good Industrial Safety Rec- ords, adopted by the Industrial Confer- This Year Throughout Canal Zone ence of the National Safety Council on January 14, 1952, your entire company July Fourth will be July Fifth this year Patriotic exercises will be held at 3:30 has qualified for the following National in the Canal Zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations Into Allegations of Agent Orange in the Canal Zone
    Agent Orange Investigative Report Series, No. 3 Contract: VA-101-12-C-0006 INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ALLEGATIONS OF AGENT ORANGE IN THE CANAL ZONE AND PANAMA Compensation Service Department of Veterans Affairs 810 Vermont Ave., NW Washington, DC 20420 A. L. Young Consulting, Inc. Alvin L. Young, PhD Kristian L. Young, MA December 2012 A. L. Young Consulting, Inc. 1810 Tranquility Road Cheyenne, WY, 82009-2903 31 December 2012 Mr. Michaels D. Pharr Contract Officer’s Representative Compensation Service Department of Veterans Affairs 810 Vermont Ave., NW Washington, DC 20420 Dear Mr. Pharr, Please find attached to this letter the Final Report on : Investigation Into the Allegations of Agent Orange in the Canal Zone and Panama. This report is the third of many reports that will be prepared in fulfillment of Contract VA-101-12-C- 0006, Development of an Archival Directory of Agent Orange Documents. The goal of developing this directory is to search and identify the thousands of documents, reports, and correspondence located within our National Archives and Re- cords Administration and other document repositories that relate to the use of “Tactical Herbicides” including Agent Or- ange, outside of Vietnam. As in the case of the Canal Zone and Panama, the Compensation Service has not had a comprehensive search of the records that were dispersed to facilities across the United States. Thus, the Department of Veterans Affairs has been dependent on minimal documentation in determining the validity of the veterans’ claims. Clearly, it is beneficial to all parties to have all the available records related to events involving possible exposure to Agent Orange.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama
    Vincentian Heritage Journal Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 1 1982 A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama Robert J. Swain C.M. Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj Recommended Citation Swain, Robert J. C.M. (1982) "A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama," Vincentian Heritage Journal: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj/vol3/iss1/1 This Articles is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Journals and Publications at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentian Heritage Journal by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 43 A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama Robert J. Swain, C.M. On October 30th, 1963, while climbing the steps of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome to attend a session of the Second Vatican Council, the Dutch-born Archbishop of Panama, Francis Beckmann, C.M., collapsed of a heart attack and died. This sudden death symbolized the end of one historic era and the beginning of another. Since 1903, the year of Panamanian independence from Colombia, the head Bishop of Panama had always been a foreign-born missionary. After sixty years, the changing times in Latin America had finally caught up with the Isthmian Church. Beckmann's successor as Archbishop would be an Isthmian-born diocesan priest. In 1972, Panama's revolutionary government would expressly write into the new constitution that "officials of the Catholic Church in Panama .
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review Jungle Growth Being Cleared Away
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevienov16pana A^ NOVEMBER 1966 Governor-President Robert D. Kerr, Press OfiBcer Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Publications Editors H. R. Parfitt, Lieutenant Governor ^^^b. Morgan E. Goodwin and Tomas A. Cupas Editorial Assistants Frank A. Baldwin Eunice Richard, Tobi Bittel, Fannie P. Official Panama Canal Publication Hernandez, and T. Panama Canal Information Officer Published quarterly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Jose Tunon Printed at the Printing Plant, La Boca, C.Z. Review articles may be reprinted in full or part without further clearance. Credit to the Review will be appreciated. Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees. Subscriptions, SI a year: airmail S2 a year; mail and back copies (regular mail), 25 cents each cAbout Our Cover PHOTOGRAPHED AT THE ruins of the Cathedral of wearing typical Indian dress. The two at either end are i>ld«E^aD^a and wearing the costumes which portray wearing the dress of the guaymi Indians who inhabit the the rich folklore of Panama are members of the conjunto high mountains of Veraguas and Chiriqui. Next to them '^Wiythms of Bgnama, a dance group directed by Professor and the two in the center are cuna Indians from the Petita Escobar of Panama City. San Bias Islands, the tribe never conquered by the Standing on top of tlie ruins are the "dirty devils," Spanish and the members of which still hve and dress wearing trousers and shirts of rough muslin dyed red and as they did before Columbus' discovery of America.
    [Show full text]
  • Da Pamphlet 21-75
    DA PAMPHLET 21-75 For Personnel Ordered to The Canal Zone (Formerly U.S. Army, Caribbean) JUNEHEADQUARTERS,DEPARTMENT 1960 OF THE ARMY Applicable commanders will insure that a copy of this pamphlet isfur- nished each individual under conditions specified below: At home station: 1. To each officer and enlistedper- son upon alert for oversea move- ment. 2. To each dependent when travel to the oversea area is approved for a date later than that ofthe sponsor. At U.S. Army Oversea Replacement Station: To each individual not previously issued a copy as indicated above. At Tramportationareas: To each individual not pi-eviously issued a copy as indicated above. PREFACE It is the wish of the Commanding General and everyone connected with this command to do everything possible to ease the transition of the new arrival from the continental United Statesto his new billet in the Panama Canal Zone. The desire to be of servicehas dictated the preparation of thisbro- chure. The intent is to give youas much advance information as possible regarding your prospective home inthe Canal Zone. iii PRINCIPAL INSTALLATIONS Pacifl Army ------- Fort Amador (Hq USARCARIB). Post of Corozal. Fort Clayton. Post of Quarry Heights(Hq Caribbean Command). Fort Kobbe Cocoli Housing Area. Navy ------- 15th Naval District Head- quarters. Cocoli Housing Area. Naval Station, Rodman. Farfan-Radio Station and Housing Area. Air Force--- Albrook AFB (Hq CAirC). Howard Field. A tlantic Army ------- Fort Sherman. Fort Davis. Fort Gulick. Fort Randolph (inactive) France AFB Army Housing Area. Navy ------- Coco Solo Naval Station (caretaker status). iv *Pam 21-75 PAMPHLET HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON 25, D.C., No.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 Boy Scouts in the Canal Zone Celebrate 42D Anniversary of Their Founding
    — 1 ^- -)!(,-. (C ^\ Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum THE Vol. 2, No. 7 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, FEBRUARY 1, 1952 5 cents CANAL COMPANY TO GO ON BREAK EVEN BASIS WITH FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN FISCAL STATUS A realignment of Panama Canal Company activities into three main categories- Canal, Service, and Commercial— and the adoption of a new formula for the apportion- Demolition Program ment of Canal Zone Government costs are the most significant developments in the Company's fiscal affairs since its incorporation last July. The two changes, embodied in the President's budget to Congress last week, Slowed By Transfer are of major interest to the Canal Company's "customers," whether employees or others, as they will vitally affect rate structures. The new policies governing the Com- decision of the Board of Directors last pany's financial operations were approved Of Cocoli Townsite June to delay rate changes until more late last year by the President and were definite information could be obtained reviewed by the Board of Directors at under actual operating conditions. in the meeting here last month. Regulations The demolition of quarters connec- The budget revision for this fiscal year precluded announcement of the proposed tion with the Canal Company's construc- does not provide for the recovery of defi- changes until they were made public in tion program is expected to slow down to cits incurred during the first eight months the President's budget message. a walk and many householders who have of this fiscal year during the last four been notified to be prepared to move may "Break-Even" Basis months.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review Is Published Twice a Year
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive in 2009 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevi1975pana V HAROLD R. PARFITT WILLIE K. FRIAR Governor-President Editor, English Edition PANAMA CANAL ^^ ^^^1 JOSE T. H. RICHARD L. HUNT ^ TUNON Editor, Spanish Edition Lieutenant Governor Writers FRANK A. BALDWIN Vic Canel, Fannie P. Hernandez, Panama Canal Information Officer OfFicial Panama Canal Publication Franklin Castrellon and Pandora Aleman Review articles may be reprinted without further clearance. Credit to the Review will be appreciated. The Panama Canal Review is published twice a year. Yearly subscription: regular mail $1.S0, airmail $3, single copies 75 cents. subscription, or money order, to For send check made payable the Panama Canal Company, to Panama Canal Review, Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Editorial Office is located in Room 100, Administration Building, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Printed at the Panama Canal Printing Plant, La Boca, C.Z. Contents OurC over The muted colors Bateas 3 of the batea on our front cover are the result of many years Panama's painted plates with of research by EHana Chiari, the orig- distinctive pre-Columbian de- inator of this Panamanian art form. \Vith plant pigments and clay, she has signs are favorite souvenirs. been able to reproduce the colors which appe;u- on pre-Columbian clay pots and plates, such as those in the foreground Culinary Capers 8 of the photograph. A part of the collec- tion of the Recipes for exotic drinks to 19.3d Infantry Brigade Mu- seum at Fort Amador, these artfully sip and savor and desserts decorated pieces were loaned for the with a special flavor.
    [Show full text]
  • DOD's Drawdown for the US Military in Panama
    United States General Accounting Office GAO Report to Congressional Committees August 1995 PANAMA DOD’s Drawdown Plan for the U.S. Military in Panama GAO/NSIAD-95-183 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-258691 August 2, 1995 The Honorable Herbert H. Bateman Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Readiness The Honorable Joel Hefley Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Installations and Facilities Committee on National Security House of Representatives In 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Panamanian leader General Omar Torrijos signed treaties that called for the transfer of the Panama Canal to Panama and the withdrawal of U.S. military presence from Panama by December 31, 1999. Earlier this year, we issued a classified report to you on issues related to the U.S. military drawdown in Panama. Since that time, most of the classified information has been declassified. On the basis of discussions with your staff and because of the likelihood that U.S. military drawdown issues will come before the Congress in the near future, we have updated the information in our earlier report and are issuing this unclassified report. Specifically, we are providing information on (1) the potential for a post-1999 U.S. presence, (2) the status of transfers of Department of Defense (DOD) properties and Panama’s preparedness to accept them, (3) the coordination to address treaty-related issues, (4) DOD environmental and property valuation policies, (5) DOD efforts to address employee terminations due to the drawdown, and (6) the cost of the U.S.
    [Show full text]