— 1 ^- -)!(,-. (C ^\

Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum THE

Vol. 2, No. 7 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, FEBRUARY 1, 1952 5 cents

CANAL COMPANY TO GO ON BREAK EVEN BASIS WITH FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN FISCAL STATUS

A realignment of Panama Canal Company activities into three main categories- Canal, Service, and Commercial— and the adoption of a new formula for the apportion- Demolition Program ment of Canal Zone Government costs are the most significant developments in the Company's fiscal affairs since its incorporation last July. The two changes, embodied in the President's budget to Congress last week, Slowed By Transfer are of major interest to the Canal Company's "customers," whether employees or others, as they will vitally affect rate structures. The new policies governing the Com- decision of the Board of Directors last pany's financial operations were approved Of Cocoli Townsite June to delay rate changes until more late last year by the President and were definite information could be obtained reviewed by the Board of Directors at under actual operating conditions. in the meeting here last month. Regulations The demolition of quarters connec- The budget revision for this fiscal year precluded announcement of the proposed tion with the Canal Company's construc- does not provide for the recovery of defi- changes until they were made public in tion program is expected to slow down to cits incurred during the first eight months the President's budget message. a walk and many householders who have of this fiscal year during the last four been notified to be prepared to move may "Break-Even" Basis months. However, the increased revenues present have, an extra year or two in their Of more immediate interest to employ- for the last four months of this fiscal year quarters. ees and other buyers of goods and services and next fiscal year are estimated to be demolition is ex- No large-scale now from the Company is that the Panama sufficient to meet operating expenses after pected for at least two years and prior to Canal Company, in accordance with in- next March 1. The Panama Canal In- that only scattered houses will be torn structions from the Bureau of the Budget, corporation Act provided that deficits in- down as they become vacant and can be will be placed on a "break even" basis curred in one year be covered by earnings spared, according to L. Donovan, H. effective March 1. This action results in subsequent years unless forgiven by act Community Services Director. from the application of the two funda- of Congress. The transfer of the Third Locks town mental changes to the Company's budgets Chart Is Shown of Cocoli to the Navy is one of the princi- for this fiscal year and for the 1953 fiscal The accompanying chart at the bottom pal factors in slowing down the demolition year. Both were revised accordingly. of this page shows the principal units or program on the Pacific side. Although a Up to now the Company has been operations in each of the main categories. relatively small percentage of family and operating at a deficit, principally in the Under the original alignment of functions bachelor quarters there were assigned to commercial units. This was due to the all of the units now in the Services group, Canal personnel, the town, with 356 with the exception of quarters, were in family apartments, 24 bachelors' apart- The 195.5 Panama Canal Company and the commercial column. Also previously Canal Zone Government budget in ments, and 160 bachelor rooms, would figures and understandable language listed as a commercial activity was the See Page 6. have provided a large reservoir during Industrial Bureau which is now in the What the Board of Directors did at the the construction program. meeting here—See pictures on Pages 12 Canal Activities group. and \i and story on Page 12. Quarters on the Atlantic side are pres- The Panama Canal — the world's best The basic premise of the new division of lighted waterway. Read how it's done ently in short supply and the situation activities is that the operation of the by the Aids to Navigation Division men. there will not be eased until completion of See Pages 10 and 11. waterway would require not only those A new feature. Commissary Talk, with new houses this year. The situation on chatty, useful information about what units listed in Canal Activities but also goes on and what is being sold in the the Pacific side is somewhat different. the services rendered by units in the Ser- Commissaries—See Page 9. While there are sufficient quarters for The Boy Scouts, a special February vice category. Since these services are feature — See Page 2. Canal employees, the {Seepage/, also required by units (See page IS) PANAMA CANAL COMPANY

Canal Activity Service Activity Commercial Activity

NAVIGATION CONSTRUCTION AND HOTELS DREDGING MAINTENANCE CLUBHOUSES (Building, Electrical and Municipal Work) LOCKS COMMISSARY DIVISION MOTOR TRANSPORTATION FERRIES PANAMA LINE PRINTING PLANT METEOROLOGY AND RAILROAD POWER SYSTEM HYDROGRAPHY TERMINALS ENGINEERING TELEPHONE SYSTEM (Docks and Piers) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS WATER SYSTEM MARINE BUNKERING INDUSTRIAL BUREAU STOREHOUSES QUARTERS THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 Boy Scouts In The Canal Zone Celebrate 42d Anniversary Of Their Founding

Remember Little Black Sambo? He ate check over the camp and make sure it in that decade the camps were held for 169 pancakes, all by himself, because he was ready for the four-week session several years in Costa Rica. During the was so hungry. which opens this year on July 14. war years the Scouts camped at Rio Hato. He would have fitted well with the Boy Registration for the boys will begin Founded in 1910 and with a Canal Zone Scouts of the Canal— Zone. later. Each will be required to have a branch set up that same year, the Scouts Mateo Cubillo "Cubi" to the boys— physical examination before his applica- were a feature of early Canal Zone life. never starts pancakes out of his kitchen at tion is accepted. He gets other physical Two of the first troops were formed at the Scout Camp, El Volcan, until he has examinations at camp, one when he ar- Corozal and Gorgona. 400 in reserve. And even then he and his rives, and the other just before he leaves. Late in 1911 each of the six Scout kitchen crew have to keep production Plans for emergencies will also be made troops then on the Canal Zone was going for at least an hour. with the First Rescue Squadron. In past granted a piece of land on which to build To be sure, Cubi is feeding some 50 years the Squadron has agreed to fly out a Scout Shack. The boys cleared their boys, average age about 13, and a dozen from the camp, during the daytime, or own land and built their own Shacks, of or so adults. And what a group of 'teen from David, day or night, any boy who lumber furnished by the Isthmian Canal age boys can do to food when their appe- might be injured or be critically ill. Commission. tites are whetted by temperatures between Camping Not New Today there are nine Cub Scout Packs, 50 and 75 degrees—or almost any other with a total enrollment of for boys Like Boy Scouting on the Isthmus, 354, time- -is almost unbelievable. from eight to 11; 11 Boy Scout Troops, camping is not new. Local Scouts camped When Cubi bakes apple pies, he figures with a total enrollment of 201, from boys in Boquete as long ago as 1924, going on half a pie per boy; the Scouts eat at older than 11; and for the 119 Explorers from the Canal Zone to Chiriqui aboard least four eggs apiece for breakfast. Six in the older age brackets there are two the tug Favorite. Nowadays they fly or dozen large loaves of bread are purchased Sea Explorer Ships and one Air Explorer go by road. The 1924 campers included from a nearby German bakery every Squadron. several well-known local names; among morning but before the day is over they them were James F. Burgoon, Robert A. Each Unit Sponsored usually have to be supplemented by corn Engelke, and Thomas Locken. Early in Each unit is registered with Scout head - bread or biscuits. One dinner means 60 1931 the Scouts camped for three days at quarters and each is sponsored by a group pounds of beef. Three beeves and one Alhajuela, up the Chagres River. Later of individuals or by (S« page /,) large hog are butchered monthly for the boys and these are in addition to the hams and sides of bacon in the camp's big refrigerators. Milk and vegetables, in quantities, are obtained in the Volcan area for campers. The sole camp restriction on food is that the boys must eat everything on their plates; they may have as many servings as they want. They Need Food! Food consumption like that of the boys, though, is about what one would expect of a group of energetic young men-in-the- making who get up at 6 a. m., police the camp and do other chores, and do about everything—except skiing—that there is in the sports line. Located at El Hato, in Chiriqui Prov- ince, Camp El Volcan is the pride of the CENTER OF ACTIVITIES at the Boy Scout Camp El Volcan is the Messhall, its 674 Boy Scouts, Cub Scouts, and Ex- with big fireplace, long tables and benches. Here the Scouts stow away amazing quantities of food, watch an oc- plorer Scouts and their 206 leaders now casional movie, hold their camp sings and make plans for the next day. Boy Scouting is a Community enrolled in the Scouting program which, Chest activity. this month, is celebrating its 42d anniver-

• "~ sary. The camp opened in the summer of . • , 1945 and has been operating every year since then on its 82-acre plot of land. Its eight cabins, each named for a man who has been active in Scouting, sleep 10 boys each. There is also a Health Lodge, known as Eugene Lodge in honor of the late Dr. George Eugene who was the camp's first doctor. It is the camp's dispensary and hospital, when necessary. The main messhall serves as a recrea- tion hall and theater. Around its big fire- place plans have been laid for many hikes to the Costa Rican border or over El Volcan under the expert guidance of woodsman Hans A. Senn. The camp has its own water supply from a large spring, and this water is chlorinated and purified at the camp. This year the Chiriqui Light and Power Company has run a line to the THIRTY-ONE BOYS and three leaders represented the Canal Zone recently at a great National camp and the former electric will plant Jamboree at Valley Forge, near Philadelphia. The boys represented all Scouting units on the Canal now become an auxiliary. Zone and, consequently, used the banner of Troop SOI, the number having been chosen as that of the Canal Zone Scout Council. Late last month five Canal Zone men, Front row, trfl to right: Bill Wright; Jimmie Stevens; Herbert Raeburn; Stan Aymong; Bruce G. C. Lockridge, Director of the Schools' Newhard; Don Smith; Johnnie Pabon; Allan Wheeler; Merrick Truly. Physical Training and Recreation Branch, Second row: Dan Brookhart; Jimmie Barber; Keith Moumblow; Bruce Sanders; Dick Mac- Russell M. Jones, of Diablo Heights, who Sparran; Woodrow Keating; Larry Cox; Griff McClelland; Buddy Ingram; Dick Reed. Third row: Richard has directed the camp for the past two Keating; Lowell Jones; David Otten; Ray Tucker; Don Filer; L. W. Hearn; Norman Zimmerman; James Fulton. years, P. B. Hutchings, R. R. Arnold, and Top row: Anton Pedersen; Francisco Wong; W. R. Price; Richard E. Cox; John R. Barr; John D. William L. Howard, left for the Volcan to Fisher; Blair Campbell. February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Finances, Quarters, To The Employees . . . Townsites, Discussed Special emphasis is being given presently whom he supervises the necessary confidence to a supervisory training program. The ob- that the work being performed is essential jective of this program, initiated last August, and for the good of the organization as a At January Conference is twofold: to train and acquaint super- whole. visors in their work and responsibilities, and The human element in supervision is a Income derived by the Panama Canal to develop additional personnel for super- determining factor in whether a person is a Company from Canal activities and com- visory work. good or a bad supervisor. Generally, a man mercial activities falls into two distinct In furtherance of this program the ser- or woman who applies the Golden Rule in compartments, Governor F. K. New- vices of Dr. C. Kenneth supervision makes an out- comer told members of the Governor- Beach, a leading consult- standing success on the Employee Conference January 24. ant and teacher in the job, providing other quali- Under the law which established the field of industrial tra ining, fications are present. More Panama Canal Company, he explained, have been obtained to often than not, it is the any excess revenues from tolls should — evaluate what is being little human kindnesses there be any such excess—could not be done and advise on what which distinguish a good used to reduce cost of commissary items can be done to improve supervisor. | from a bad or charges for electricity or any other supervision within the One of the heaviest re- item which comes under the commercial Company-Government sponsibilities of any su- activity. organization. pervisor is the investiga- explanation, The which had been made Dr. Beach is just con- tionand proper adjustment previously in The Panama Canal Re- cluding a two-week period of any grievance. If these view and later in a press conference by as consultant on this adjustments are made ex- Assistant Secretary of the Army Karl phase of our personnel peditiously and sympa- Bendetsen, in question came answer to a work. His advice, based thetically, there is seldom C. W. newly-elected presi- by Hammond, on his wide experience and cause for a grievance or dent of the General Committee of Civic knowledge of the practical and theoretical complaint to go beyond the intermediate Councils. aspects of industrial training, will be of supervisory level. On the other hand, the Governor con- inestimable value. Many people are emotionally unfitted to tinued, the prices charged for commissary In an organization of our kind, no single make good supervisors. These are as detri- items, or electricity or other purchases group of employees has the relative impor- mental to a job as the supervisor who is from the commercial activities could not tance of supervisors on the. intermediate unfitted by training or experience. In the be increased to meet any deficit in the level. They act as a funnel for receiving final analysis, there is little to choose be- Canal activity should tolls not be suffi- overall plans and policies and have the im- tween the boss who doesn't know the work he cient to cover the cost of this activity. mediate responsibilities for executing them. is supervising and the one who knows but When Mr. Hammond asked where the On the other hand, they are responsible for, exercises excessive authority by abuse, ridi- dividing line came between the two activi- and should be constantly aware of, the cule, or inconsiderate treatment. ties, the Governor referred him to the loorking conditions and general welfare of The present training program is designed current issue of The Panama Canal the men and women they supervise. to teach these and many other important Review (see page 1). I have constantly stressed to the various facts to the men and women who make up The report that charges for some com- Bureau and Division heads the importance our supervisory force. I am confident that mercial items would be increased was of selecting capable supervisors and as- any supervisor or any employee who hopes not an idle rumor, the Governor said, sisting them to gain a thorough under- to achieve a supervisory position can benefit but the story to this effect had been standing of the purposes of basic policies or greatly by the course of training being made overemphasized. plans they are called upon to execute. Each available to them. He mentioned increases of two cents a supervisor should comprehend not only the package on cigarettes and two cents a value of the work he oversees, but its relation- gallon on gasoline and of monthly tele- ship to the whole pattern of Canal activities. phone charges from the present $2.50 to $3. It is only with this understanding that a 7-7f. 4^v No Grounds Charges supervisor can faithfully transmit to those Governor Offset against these increases, he told the conference, will come the removal of any charge for the care of grounds. be increased. the Electrical Union meeting to the effect It has not been a practical arrangement, Governor Newcomer said that he had that special income tax deductions of $150 the Governor said, to consider lands with- no knowledge of a rumor presented by a month per person be allowed as a com- in 30 feet of a dwelling as private and Rufus Lovelady, president of Lodge No. pensatory feature for Americans living those outside as in the public domain. 14 of the A.F.G.E., to the effect that items outside the United States. All land in the Panama Canal towns selling in the commissaries at prices below The Governor reminded Mr. Saarinen will now be considered as public lands and the list price of the nation-wide con- that the Administration has started a bill will be so maintained. sumers' index would be increased to that "on its way" which would credit back to In answer to other questions as to any figure. the Panama Canal the amount of taxes further increases, especially for rents, the Capital Investment paid in the Canal Zone. Governor said that he does not expect any Asked by Mr. Lovelady what was in- This measure he said, is still in the substantial change in commissary prices cluded in the $129,000,000 capital invest- Department of Defense. and because of the limitation of main- ment which was written off at the time of Walter Wagner, of the Central Labor tenance on old houses, which are to be the Panama Canal Company formation, Union, and Daniel Kiley, of the Pacific demolished in the current housing pro- the Governor said that this figure related Locks Employees, both criticized the gram, there will be no rent increases on exclusively to the construction of the handling of information to the employees, these houses. Canal. Mr. Wagner in the case of the possible He answered a further question as to Capital investment in buildings owned closing of the Diablo fire station (which rental on new type houses with the by the Government (hospitals and schools) will not be closed, the Governor said) and answer that, provided construction bids is not required to pay interest, he said. Mr. Kiley in connection with a schedule follow the pattern set during the construc- Both Mr. Hammond and J. H. Jones change for Lock employees and prospec- tion just completed, houses built in the of the Pedro Miguel Civic Council asked tive housing for employees who are having next few years should rent for substan- as to the status of the Summit develop- to move out of Cocoli. tially the same figure as those just ment. They were told that construction Mr. Kiley commented that morale completed. on the town will proceed, although this would be improved if employees under- There is, however, the Governor said, an year the only work at Summit will be for stood why certain changes were being intermediate class of houses which are to some site preparation and the construc- made. be retained. A study is now in progress tion of two water tanks and a storm "Communications" Discussed to see whether these houses are carrying sewer drainage system. Governor Newcomer answered that Dr. themselves under present rental rates or A. A. Saarinen asked for conference C. Kenneth Beach, who was acting as whether rents on this class will have to comment on a proposal made recently in consultant to the Company (See page t8) THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Demolition Of Quarters Is Slowed Lunchtime At Balboa By Transfer Of Cocoli To Navy

(Continued from page 1) Supply is not SO plentiful that assignments can be made to others. New Towns Governing Factor The building of the new towns of Cardenas and Summit, plus the expansion of Paraiso, will largely govern the demoli- tion rate on the Pacific side. The residents of Red Tank will he moved to Paraiso as quarters there become available, while the demolition of houses in La Boca cannol be started on a large scale until the town of Cardenas is ready for occupancy. The first group of U. S.-rate houses scheduled to come down are the old quar- ters on Empire Street in Balboa. Under the present plans these will not be vacated before the quarters in Ancon have been built. This is expected to be early next year. The first large-scale demolition program UPSTAIRS, in the School Lunch Cafeteria of U. S.-rate houses on the Pacific side is expected late in 1953 and early 1954. Areas to be cleared then are the remaining old-type residences in Ancon, houses along Ridge Road, and a group of older quar- ters on Plank Street in Balboa. Balboa Flats In 1955 Balboa Flats will be the last extensive clearance program for the Pacific side, other than Pedro Miguel which is not to be rebuilt. Presently, it is expected that the flats can be cleared during the fiscal year 1955. The demolition program on the Atlantic- side will be coordinated with the building programs at Silver City, Margarita, and Gatun. The first big demolition program on the Atlantic side will be Camp Bierd. The houses there will be demolished as residents vacate their quarters and move to houses being completed in Silver City. No wholesale demolition program is the scheduled for U. S.-rate quarters on AND DOWNSTAIRS, at the Balboa Clubhouse Soda Fountain Atlantic side. Houses in the various com- munities will be disposed of as new Lunchtime is Balboa Clubhousetime for Chicken croquettes with cream sauce, buildings become available. some 575 to GOO Canal Zone students five mashed potatoes, fresh string beans, rolls days a week. and butter and fresh limeade; baked Scouts In Canal Celebrate Boy The Zone Saturdays and after school is also Bal- meat loaf with onion gravy and mashed 42d Anniversary Of Their Founding boa Clubhousetime, from the looks of the potatoes, fresh turnips, rolls and butter, Clubhouse; but we're talking about school and fresh orangeade; grilled liver steak lunches, right now. with onions, mashed potatoes, buttered (Continued from page 2) an organization. The Margarita Recreational Associa- From 1 1 :30 on each schoolday morning, beets, rolls and butter, and fresh limeade; tion, for instance, sponsors the Margarita the Clubhouse swarms with boys and or, fried fishcakes, with tomato sauce, Cubs and Scouts; American Legion Post girls, students from Pedro Miguel or Gam- spaghetti Creole, fresh carrots, rolls and others who, for one reason or butter and fresh fruitade. No. 1 is sponsor for the Cubs, Scouts, and boa or Air Explorer Squadron in Balboa. Spon- another, don't have luncheon at home. The school lunch menus are planned by school lunch business has assumed the Balboa Clubhouse restaurant man- sors for Cub Pack No. 8, in Cristobal, and This additional ager, Joseph S. Cub Pack No. 13, in Cocoli, are registered such proportions that 10 em- Wallace, and checked by as a "group of citizens." ployees work in the Clubhouse restaurant clubhouse manager B. S. Chisholm, to see they There are Scout units in every Canal during the school year. that are balanced meals. In planning Zone town except Ancon and Pedro Most of the older students, those from their school lunches Mr. Wallace and Mr. Miguel, and at Albrook Air Force Base, 12 on up, eat downstairs, either in the Chisholm follow the menus of States and Forts Clayton, Gulick, and Kobbe. regular cafeteria or in the soda fountain school lunches and meals served in industrial They are under the direction of a Canal luncheonette. There they may have any- cafeterias. can afford to majority of Zone Council which is 32 years old this thing to eat they wish and A the lunching students eat in the upstairs cafeteria some month. Its present president is an buy. where Atlantic Sider, W. R. Price. Governor F. Special lunches, at 30 cents each, are 250 are served daily. About 225 students in upstairs cafeteria, which are served at the soda fountain during the K. Newcomer is Honorary President of provided the the Scout Council. operates throughout the school year on lunch hour the food favorite here is, not floor of the clubhouse. surprisingly, hamburger with all the trim- The Scout Executive is John R. Barr, the second this sum, the lunchers mings—and the remaining 150 of the who grew up on the Isthmus and who is For reasonable himself an Eagle Scout with Silver Palm. can have their choice of lunches such as students go through the cafeteria line in For several years the Scouts have held these: the main dining room. an annual Camporee on the Isthmus and a year ago the Boy Scout Council sent a Most of the boys travelled to the near Philadelphia, heard a talk by Presi- troop to the National Jamboree at Valley United States by military transport and dent Harry Truman, and came back home 'Forge. The 31 boys in this group were rode by bus from New York to Washington. loaded with souvenirs which they had accompanied by three senior leaders: Mr. They camped for over a week at the gotten by the swap method from other Price, Mr. Barr, and Richard E. Cox. International section at Valley Forge camping Scouts from (See page U) . _

February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION JLML. JUL %gffr

THE SAFETY PROGRAM IN THE COMMISSARY DIVISION

As familiar as the Commissaries are to moved, but the human being remains a all Zonians, few know the amount of work constant source of danger' to himself. A and planning necessary to put its mer- program for the education and training chandise on display. Many items are of the workers on safety consciousness and procured in bulk and are manufactured on safe practices has been inaugurated to the Zone. The new trend in "self-service" help eliminate future accidents. Statistics requires that more and more items be pre- show that about two-thirds of all injuries packaged in salable sizes. This trend is are caused by the employee's inattention, adding more and more diversified activi- lack of knowledge or skill. ties to the old system of simple storage at In addition to accidents involving em- Mt. Hope. The old warehouses there are ployees, there is a small percentage in undergoing many changes to accommo- which customers are involved. The man- date this new trend. aging personnel are constantly on the alert The services of a steamship line, a rail- to prevent accidents to customers, but road, a large fleet of gasoline trucks, and there are many things a customer can do a great many electric materials-handling to help prevent them. Inquisitive hands trucks are required to keep this establish- of small children are always a source of ment supplied and merchandise moving danger and if allowed to roam unwatched, out to all units on the Canal Zone. they quickly get into unusual trouble. In addition to all this at Mt. Hope and Bottled soda waters, any flavor, are po- the retail stores, there is a large dairy at tential small bombs. When dropped, Mindi having some 1600 fine cattle and a flying glass can cause severe injury to E. E. TROUT, Safety Inspector, dog hospital. In Ancon there is a large various parts of the body and there is Commissary Divsion laundry and most towns have a gasoline always the possibility of losing an eye. station. Each side of the Isthmus has a It is therefore the aim of the Commis- refrigerator repair shop, as well as ice and sary Division Safety Program to make all Hayward H. Shacklett has been trans- cold storage. employees safety conscious —and accident ferred from the Commissary Division to With so many diversified activities, the prevention everyone's business. the Safety Branch as Safety Engineer. probability of accidents occurring is high, and it has taken many years of eliminating P. H. Friedman has been appointed Safety Representative for the Supply and unsafe hazards to bring the number of Service Director and E. R. Albritton for the Railroad and Terminals Director. injuries down to a minimum. Machines can be repaired, safety devices added, PANAMA CANAL CANAL ZONE GOVERNMENT SAFETY BOARD newer machines installed, hazards re- COMPANY

As the New Year starts off, the Panama Canal Company-Canal Zone Government HONOR ROLL Safety Board is composed of the following members:

Bureau Award For G. 0. Kellar, Chairman Chief, Safety Branch BEST RECORD E. L. Farlow, representing Civil Affairs Director December D. S. Johnston, representing Community Services Director

D. M. Eggleston, representing . . ... Engineering and Construction Director HEALTH F. H. Baldwin, representing Finance Director J. P. Smith, representing Health Director

AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR Lt. Cmdr. W. M. Vincent, representing _ . .Industrial Director Civil Affairs 4 F. F. Hargy, representing. Marine Director Engineering and Construction 3 C. A. Dubbs, representing... Personnel Director Industrial 3 E. R. Albritton, representing .. .Railroad and Terminals Director Community Services 2 Health 2 P. H. Friedman, representing. . .Supply and Service Director Supply and Service 1 H. I. Perantie, representing. .Executive Secretary Marine Railroad and Terminals Disabling Injuries per 1,000,000 Man-Hours Worked DECEMBER 1951 (Frequency Rate) Division Awards For NO DISABLING INJURIES Health Bureau December Marine Bureau

Construction Bureau ELECTRICAL DIVISION Engineering and

Affairs Bureau DREDGING DIVISION Civil CLUBHOUSE DIVISION Industrial Bureau Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Govt (This month)

AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR Supply and Service Bureau Motor Transportation 6 Panama Canal Co.-C. Z. Gov '1(1951 to Dale Grounds Maintenance 5 Municipal 5 Panama Canal Co.-C. Z.Gov'l (Best Year) Railroad 5 Electric al 5 Community Services Bureau Dredging 4 Clu bhouses 4 Railroad and Terminals Bureau Locks 3 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Building - 3 Storehouses 3 Number of Disabling Injuries 40 Man-Hours Worked 2,913,672 Sanitation 3 LEGEND Hospitalization and Clinics 3 Commissary 1 Amount Better Than Panama Canal Company— Cfinal Zone Government Best Year Terminals Naviga t ion Amount Worse Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Government Best Year . . . .

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

$13,750,000 ASKED FOR QUARTERS PROGRAM IN CANAL'S $100 MILLION BUDGET FOR 1953

The Panama Canal Company and the interest on the investment and amortizes items and income from such sources as Canal Zone Government jointly will enter the account by depreciation. If the piece health services, fees, fines, rents, etc. the hundred-million-dollar budget cate- of equipment has a "life expectancy" of The Canal Zone Government budget gory next fiscal year if Congress approves 20 years, the rate of depreciation would be for the fiscal year 1953, as requested of the two budgets as submitted. five percent a year or 100 percent of the Congress, follows: cost at the end of 20 years. Of the $106,400,000 budgeted, the net Civil Administration ... $1,019,800 expenditure will exceed $94,000,000 since How Housing Is Financed Schools 2,522,800 Police Protection .. 1,442,200 the net cost of Canal Zone Government, will The Canal quarters program be Fire Protection... 481,000 amounting to over $8,000,000 must be re- financed in this general fashion. It is more Library 77,300 paid to the Treasury by the Company. Of complicated, however, because the cost is Courts 56,200

Highwavs and Sewers 37 1 ,000 the total net, $19,300,000 will go for capi- being financed jointly by the Company Hospitals 4,011,600 tal expenditures, $1S,500,000 for cost of and the Canal Zone Government, and the Other Public Health Services. . 2,160,800 for the fixed goods resold, and $1 1 ,000,000 latter is not required to pay interest on its Corrosion Tests 102,200 charges of interest and depreciation. investment. In addition, the Company is Civil Defense 30,000 Civil Intelligence. 74,300 The Panama Canal Company's esti- borrowing $10,000,000 from the fund' on Contribution to Postal Fund 370,000 mated operational budget for the coming deposit with the Treasury Department TOTAL... .. $12,915,800 fiscal year follows: which was set up several years ago for term loans without interest. When capital items in the Government Income short The this fund is depleted, the Company will budget for the coming fiscal year are: Tolls . $26,915,000 ask Congress for an appropriation for its Quarters $4,227,000 Sales of Commodities 24,820,000 this Roads and Street Replacement 405,400 Rents 2,107.300 share in the quarters program and Gamboa Bridge steel (mesh deck) 94,000 Other Services .. .--- 20,346,700 will be financed as in the case of the piece Water Supply Main to Palo Seco 41,000 of equipment mentioned. TOTAL $74,1X9,100 Madden Road Rehabilitation 25,000 Equipment Replacement and Renewal- 87,600 Expenses Miscellaneous, Minor 20,000 The Canal Zone Government is re- Cost of Goods Sold ... . $18,542,500 questing an appropriation of $12,915,800 TOTAL.. $4,900,000 Direct Operating Expenses . ._ 31,606,100 to ( leneral Expenses . _ 2,360,100 for the coming fiscal year, in addition The Canal Zone Government presents Employment Costs 2,038,600 an appropriation of $4,900,000 for capital a government-type budget to Congress Interest 6,292,5a) items. All but about $075,000 of the and is subject to Congressional revision as Cost of Government 8,175,300 capital will for housing. a whole or item item. It represents the Depreciation...... 4,749,500 expenditure be by Of the operational budget, over $8,000,000 total gross expense for the year. Any TOTAL .. ~ $74,189,100 will be repaid by the Company and the income derived by the Government's op- Approximately two-thirds of the capital remainder represents non-reimbursable eration must be returned to the Treasury expenditure for the Company next year will be spent on quarters construction. The principal capital items listed for the three Company Activities are: Two Zonians End Long Jeep Trip Canal Activity

Electrical Distribution System i. Locks'). $966,000

Locomotive Cranes (Locks). _ 600,000 Widen vehicular bridge over Gatun Locks. 177,000 Rehabilitate baffle piers (Gatun Spillway) 130,000 Aids to Navigation Equipment 111,000 Miscellaneous. 135,500

TOTAL, Canal Activity $2,119,500 Commercial Activity Commissary Division Cold Storage Ware-

house ^ continued) $1,110,000 Commissary Division Equipment 87,500

Railroad Freight Cars. . 375,000

TOTAL, Commercial Activity... .. $1,572,500

Service Activity Quarters $9,529,400 Margarita Power Sub-Station '. 700,000 Motor Vehicle Replacements 350.000 Miscellaneous Replacements and Equip- ment 129,600

TOTAL, Service Activity $10,709,000

TOTAL CAPITAL ITEMS... . 514,401,000 The Panama Canal Company submits a business-type budget to Congress. It differs primarily from the government- type budget in that it presents a general plan of operations, listing anticipated expenses and income. Except for capital expenditures, its budgeted income must

cover the anticipated expenses. A PAUSE that refreshed was snatched by two Zonians, Dr. Frank P. Smith, left, of Gorgas Engineering Division, at San Luis, Argentina, in the course of Generally speaking, Congress in con- Hospital, and Rubelio Quintero of the their 9,500-mile jeep trip from Panama to Buenos Aires. Once is enough, the two travellers believe, sidering this type of budget approves or when a jeep is the method of travel. of the plan of operation disapproves From Buenaventura, Colombia, where the jeep was shipped to begin the trip, to the Argentine rather than the individual items of capital took 56 days and was made mostly by road, although ships and trains had their occasional expenditures. uses. The roads varied from a fine highway system in Peru to the rugged mountain roads, little more than trails, in Ecuador and part of Chile. Capital expenditures are handled in the They experienced one collision, repeated breakdowns, watered gasoline, red tape, frigid mountain as in private industry. If same way done weather and burning desert sun, and the theft of the foam rubber cushions which made the jeep a piece of machinery is bought, it is listed comfortable riding. They spent Christmas in Santiago, Chile, and New Year's in Buenos Aires, as a capital item. The company pays returning to Panama by plane January 7. The jeep is following by ship. February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

S.l-afc^l OF CURRENT INTEREST

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly at BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE

Printed by the Panama Canal Press Mount Hope, Canal Zone

F. K. Newcomer, Governor-President

H. D. Vogel, Lieutenant Governor

E. C. Lombard, Executive Secretary

J. Ruftjs Hardy, Editor

Eleanor H. McIlhenny Oleva Hastings Editorial Assistants LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Letters containing inquiries, suggestions, criticisms, or opinions of a general nature will be welcomed. Those of sufficient interest will be published but signatures will not be ^IL, "RLUSim used unless desired.

Another visible segment of the Canal construction history will disappear when the Ancon theater SUBSCRIPTIONS—$1.00 a year building, above, is demolished in the next few weeks. Bids for the two-story structure will he opened late next week. SINGLE COPIES— 5 cents each The main part of the building was erected in Pedro Miguel On sale at all Panama Canal Clubhouses, over 40 years ago and served as a social club until 1913 when it was moved to its present Commissaries, and Hotels for 10 days after site and was used as a restaurant. The theater part of the structure was publication date. originally located in Cristobal but was moved to Ancon in 1925 and made an annex of the restaurant. SINGLE COPIES BY MAIL-lOcents each The theater was remodelled in 1937 and the entire building was extensively modernized in 1943 during the boom times of war. When it was reopened then, it was renamed the Ancon Community BACK COPIES— 10 Cents Each Center but the name never became deeply ingrained in the public consciousness which finally relap- On sale when available, from the Vault sed into the use of the Ancon Theater or Ancon movie hall. Clerk, Third Floor, Administration Building, With a general slackening of business after the war and the clearance of a large number of houses Balboa Heights. in Ancon during the past few years, the movie business dwindled so that the theater was closed last May. Since then the Postal money orders should be made pay- various concessionnairs and the offices of the General Manager of the Club- house Division were moved elsewhere. able to the Treasurer, Panama Canal Com- The old building had its last blaze of glory in December when the Commissary Division held its pany, and mailed to the Editor, The annual toy display and sale there. Panama Canal Review, Balboa Heights, C.Z. LARGEST LUMBER ORDER NEW PHONE DIRECTORIES ANNUITIES NOT TAXABLE Bids are now being requested by the New Canal Zone telephone directories Welcome news to old-timers of the Panama Canal Company for 2,800,000 will be ready for delivery within about two Canal construction period was the board feet of seasoned Panama lumber, the weeks. The final touches to the 1952 edition announcement early in January that largest single order ever placed by the Canal are now being made at the Panama Canal the Court of Claims had held by a four for local lumber. Press. to one decision that the so-called Old- The supply is being bought for the quar- The new directories will follow the 1951 Timers' Annuities are not subject to ters construction program next fiscal year. pattern and will be divided into seven main income tax. The first deliveries are to be made within sections, which will include separate direc- A test suit was brought by Maurice H. eight months and the last within 18 months. tories of private subscribers, the Canal Thatcher, former Isthmian Canal Com- The order will consist of sigua, bambito, organization, the Army, Navy, and Air mission member and head of the De- cedro granadino, and cedro macho, all native Force. They will contain all the latest partment of Civil Administration during lo the Isthmus. Bids will be opened Feb- changes up to the first of the year, including the construction period, who is now an ruary 4 and bid forms and full information those made as a result of the merger of the attorney are Building and Municipal Divisions into the in Washington, D. C. The suit available in the office of the Superintend- was ent of Storehouses. Maintenance Division. brought in behalf of Andrew W. Dewling, of The same system of distribution will be Baltimore, Md., who was used as previously and the majority of employed in the Sanitary Department when the being built. KEY PERSONNEL CHANGES private subscribers will receive their copies Canal was by mail. The price of single copies will be Several important changes The Court held that the annuities among key SI. 00 each. personnel of the Panama Canal Com- paid for construction service constitute pany were recently announced. The a gratuity and a "thank offering for arduous services rendered." most important of these was the elec- CONTRACTS FOR QUARTERS tion of W. H. Dunlop as Finance Direc- In a letter from Mr. Thatcher, he tor by the Board of Directors. He was Contracts for several million dollars explained that the Government has the formerly Chief of the Management Di- worth of construction work on the right, within a limited time, to appeal vision and since last June has been Canal's big building program are ex- the decision to the Supreme Court. For acting as Finance Director following the pected to be awarded this month. this reason, he advised beneficiaries to departure and retirement of Arnold Bids were opened last week on the delay until the March 15th deadline for Bruckner. first of two major groups of projects, filing their 1951 income tax returns by Marc Quinn, wn o has lived most of and for the construction of two official which time it will probably be known if his life in the Canal Zone, was pro- houses at Balboa Heights. Bids will be an appeal will be made. moted to Chief of the Management opened February 18 for the remaining Division following Mr. Dunlop's election projects in this year's building program. as Finance Director. Bids opened last Monday included: 49-HOUR WORK WEEK The last of the major positions in the Municipal work in the new town of Maintenance Division was filled by the Summit; construction of 115 masonry- FOR FIRE FIGHTERS appointment of Carl J. Browne as Chief quarters at Paraiso and extensive site Canal Zone lire fighters are now working of the Southern District. Mr. Browne, work there; 48 buildings and site prepa- a 40-hour work week schedule adopted Jan- who entered the Canal service in August ration in Ancon; 11 buildings on Pyle uary 20. The new schedule will not become 1938 as a student engineer, had been Street and Morgan Avenue in Balboa; fully effective until seven additional firemen Assistant Building Engineer prior to the and 12 masonry quarters at Diablo merger of the Building and Municipal Heights. have been employed. Meanwhile, some of the firemen will earn overtime pay until new Divisions. The two new official type quarters in schedules are arranged. It was announced late in January Balboa Heights will be located adjacent that Dr. W. F. Ossenfort, Chief Quaran- to the Administration Building, re- The firemen are the last group of Canal tine and Immigration Officer for the placing two houses recently demolished. employees to adopt the 40-hour work week. past two years, has been reassigned by The new houses will be masonry Some intermittent workers, such as dock the United States Public Health Service buildings of modified Spanish type ar- employees, who work irregular hours may and will leave within a few weeks upon chitecture. They will have three bed- work more or less than 40 hours a week, completion of his tour of duty with the rooms and two baths each. Both will depending on the work load, but all regular Health Bureau. His successor has not have covered terraces facing awav from employees are now on the shorter work week been named. Heights Road. schedule. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 Versatile Atlantic Side Employee Nears 40-year Service Anniversary

For a man with an unblemished 40-year with the papers in the right-hand corner service record, Cecil A. Coleman, Baggage of the file cabinet in his office." Clerk for the Terminals Division in Cris- The cablegram was sent and a shame- tobal, came dangerously close to being faced purser admitted his error. summarily fired a few years ago. Passengers Only his keen observation and good Want Help memory saved the day and turned the While a little out of the ordinary, such threat of dismissal into a commendation. incidents are not unusual for the man The incident occurred quite a few years who rides herd on hundreds of pieces of back when a cablegram was received from luggage every time a Panama liner docks the New York offices of the Panama Line or leaves Cristobal. It is rare indeed when saying that the required death certificate some passenger, fractious and upset about and other documents had not arrived sailing, does not misplace luggage and aboai'd ship with the remains of a deceased call for Coleman to help. Canal employee. It was Coleman's duty Coleman, a Panamanian citizen, was to see that such papers were aboard. born of West Indian parentage. He will "The purser says he did not receive the complete 40 years of continuous service papers and the transportation of the body with the Terminals Division, formerly the to Philadelphia for burial has to be post- Receiving and Forwarding Agency, next poned," the angry Receiving and For- August 1. warding Agent told Coleman. "Now, what The old Panama Line ships were still have you got to say before I fire you?" docking at Pier 4 in Colon when he was "Please cable the purser," replied Cole- employed in 1912 at $17.50 a month as man, "that he placed the sealed envelope messenger boy. When the Cristobal piers

Low Incidence Of Tuberculosis CECIL A. COLEMAN

Shown By 25,000 Chest X-Rays were completed in 1914 he was transferred to the new offices and promoted to office helper. Not long afterwards there was a shortage of cargo checkers and he was made a special checker. It was during this period that the first two new-fangled industrial motor trucks, now in common use, were received and he was the first local-rate employee to be entrusted the use of one.

Many Outside Interests

Coleman's versatility as well as his de- pendability is demonstrated both in his work for the Terminals Division and his outside interests. Aside from his usual duties in handling baggage, he serves as interpreter in the office, since he reads and writes both English and Spanish. He has been the Atlantic Side corre- spondent for the Star & Herald for more than 25 years and since the advent of radio on the Isthmus, he has become one of the best-known program directors of the Colon stations. He has been master

of ceremonies of one station for 1 1 years and of another for the past five years. He handles numerous community pro- grams, one of the most important recently having been the special West Indian Stamp Commemorative exercises held at Mount Hope Stadium. Coleman is married and has lived in Silver City since 1920. He has a son and daughter and four grandchildren in whom he takes great pride. Coleman's duties in handling th° bag- gage on incoming and outgoing Panama ANGELA LEE, eighth grade student at Balboa Junior High School, demonstrates how she stool liners are frequently complicated by the for the chest X-ray which is now being given to all Canal Zone students above the seventh grade. With her is Richard L. Wright, who does the "picture taking" at the Pacific Side unit. arrival or departure of dignitaries. On these occasions he is given the special For the past few weeks Canal Zone program which began in August 1950 and assignment of handling their luggage boys and girls—students in the high through which over 25,000 persons have which he accompanies to the Pacific Side schools and junior high schools—have already been X-rayed. if they travel by special motor car. been stepping up to big machines at the The number of cases of tuberculosis Civil Affairs Building in Ancon or the found has been less than five to a thousand Remembers All Governors Health Department in Colon. and most of these have been in the early, He well remembers all Panama Canal Over and over the waiting students more hopeful stages of the disease; a per- Governors and at one time or another has have heard the attending nurse chant: centage which compares favorably to personally assisted most of them on their "Take a deep breath—hold it—don't similar areas and population groups in arrivals or departures. Other important breathe or move—Okay!" the United States. officials whom he has helped have included The students are the latest to be given The chest X-ray survey is a cooperative presidents, senators, governors, congress- X-rays in a community-wide chest X-ray project of the Health Bureau (See page 15) men, and high officials (See page 9> — —

February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Most everyone south of the Tropic of The "real McCoy" comes from an area Cancer knows that the cattle sold on the around the small town of Roquefort, France, Chicago, Dallas, and Denver markets isn't where an apocryphal story has it Roquefort the only beef that turns up at dinner as steak, t j,e cheese originated with one roast, or hamburger. And as for Commissary Cheese forgetful little boy, who left his customers, they seem to have forgotten that History lunch of cheese in a cave where kind exists. he was playing. Much later, he The Commissaries sell both United States found his lunch and ate it—mold and all. and "native" beef, but in He liked it, the story goes; his family sam- Over The proportions of about 99.99 pled, and liked it; others sampled, and liked Meat to .01 in favor of the local it, etc., etc., etc., and Roquefort cheese, Counter product. The reason is simple aged in caves, began. cents—and dollars. Porterhouse choice steak from local beef Battery chickens not run by, but raised costs 48 cents a pound; the same cut from — in are sold by the Commissaries freshly choice grade beef from the United States — — killed and eviscerated. They are raised in a the only U. S. grade sold by the Commis- business building right in the city of Colon saries—is $2.02 , or about $4.00 for one steak. where they spend their days in wire cages, POROPORO, or Maximiliana And the price spread on other cuts is about Vitifolia. never touching the ground or exercising to as terrifying. Plant lovers develop muscles and toughness. in the Canal Zone watch The native beef is also sold chilled—not They were sold by the Commissaries some for the first flowering trees of the dry frozen, as the States beef has to be for the time ago and customers liked them so much season long trip to the Canal Zone. The sale of with as much enthusiasm as their they ate the raiser right out of chilled native beef is still comparatively ( Battery () northern relatives watch for the first stock. Now the chickens are in new; Commissary customers bought that Chickens the stores again. They are killed buttercups in the Spring. Already some frozen too until about six months ago. Back one morning, chilled, dressed in of the trees are in bloom. I he native beef now in the stores comes the afternoon, and are on sale Irom Chiriqui Province and is bought under The Christmas tree, Calyeophyllum the following morning. They cost 90 cents rigid specifications. Only steers are pur- caiididissimum, began to flower the latter per pound as compared with about 83 for chased—no cows, bulls, stags, etc. and they — frozen States chicken. part of December and is still in blossom must weigh from 800 to 1200 pounds on the in some places along the Pacific slope hoof—the cream of any herd of cattle. where it is most common. Commissary people whose business it is to Hand-cut lead crystal from the Brierley know about such things say that, generally, Hill Glassworks in Staffordshire, England, With its almost unbroken mass of the native beef in the stores is roughly com- "glassmakers for Royal families white blooms it is both striking and hand- Hand-Cut t, parable to commercial grade beef from the s ; nce t e re jg n f Queen Vic- some. The flowers are in terminal corymb- United States. There, the grades run Prime Crystal toria," can be bought in the like (nearly flat-topped) panicles or (bought by a very select few, mainly for the Available Commissaries without fear that fanciest hotel and restaurant trade), Choice, it may be here today and gone clusters. One lobe of the calyx in some of Good, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, and tomorrow. The two patterns now in the the flowers is expanded into a broad, Canner. stores, "Princess" and "Westminster," will rounded, creamy-white, leaf-like blade. Native cattle are inspected before and be available for years to come, the makers after slaughter by a Health Bureau veteri- have assured the Division. The heavy, strong, fine-grained wood is Commissary narian and are slaughtered in the Company's The names of collectors and the pieces used for many purposes and is best sanitary slaughterhouse under rigid Health they buy will be kept at Balboa and Cris- known as Lemon Wood. Bureau supervision. tobal Commissaries so that gift givers will The Gallito, Erythrina nlauca, is one of After slaughter, the beef is thoroughly know the pattern a friend has or wants and chilled and is the the abundant trees of Panama. It began hung in sides to remove all pieces she has already. animal heat and tenderize the meat slightly. to flower in January. The large orange The slaughtering schedule is arranged to Pianos— in many styles and prices—may flowers represent small roosters' heads keep chilled beef in the retail stores for day- now be bought on special orders hence the name. The trees are commonly to-day sales, frozen beef for other large Hardware at pr i ces t h a t include actual buyers and a small reserve supply. planted and several good specimens may and delivery to your living room—for The meat is cut Chicago style—more be seen along the bank of the Canal at the -0 percent less than States retail about that in later "Commissary Talk" Houseware price. Managers of the stores northeast end of the Pedro Miguel Locks. and is sent to the retail stores in quarters, will tell you more. Already in flower are two other striking where it is broken down into retail cuts. More refrigerators are expected in March. Chopped beef, mainstay of the beef trees: The Jordan, Belotia panamensis, LOXG curtain rods to match picture win- business and budget-minded housewives, and Poroporo, Coeirfospermum vitifolium. dows in new Canal houses are now in the has joined a growing list of Commissary pre- Commissaries. They s-t-r-e-t-c-h from 48 to The Belotias are common forest trees packaged foods. You can buy it now in the 83 inches. and there are several handsome specimens form of minute or hamburger steaks of uni- Refrigerators that resemble a Fibber form size, all ready to drop in the frying pan. on Ancon Hill. The small flowers with McGee closet should be equipped with The minute steaks weigh 2>4 ounces, cost violet petals and pink sepals, borne in Space Misers, also coming to the Commis- 10 cents each, and come frozen, three in a saries. They consist of six covered space- cymes (clusters similar to those of the package. The hamburger steaks also weigh saving plastic containers set firmly in a tray pink or the phlox), make the tree con- lyi ounces each, come four in a package and that can be pushed in and pulled out without cost seven cents each. They are made— like spicious and very beautiful. A number of upsetting every last left-over in the icebox. all Commissary Division hamburger and them can be found along the trans-Isth- Rainy day rides can be cooler and drier sausage—from the best of fore-quarter meat with plastic visors, coming to the Commis- mian highway and the road to Gamboa. —none of the scraps and stuff which have saries, for the tops of car doors. They fit two Most residents are familiar with the been known to find their way into butchers' and four-door sedans admit fresh air grinders. and handsome, bright yellow flowers of the and light, keeping out drafts and rain. Poroporo. These are three inches across, arranged in terminal clusters and suggest Real French Roquefort cheese, not to be Surrender, Reflections, Danger, New Hori- contused with its domestic counterpart, zons are to local lassies from France. roses. The flowers are followed by large, coming bleu cheese, is coming to the Commissaries, They're fragrances by Ciro for the long five-valved hairy fruits which contain probably in the next few weeks. Leap Year ahead. numerous kidney-shaped seeds covered with long white cotton. This is sometimes used for stuffing pillows and for this Atlantic Side Employee Has 40-Year Service to stateroom "F" and Coleman went reason the tree is commonly confused directly to stateroom 7 where he found with the better known Kapok. The Poro- (Cortinuzd from page 8) of the military the suitcases. services. poro tree is valuable for use as live fence The passenger had written the letter posts. It is abundant along the roads in While the arrival of distinguished pas- "F" on her baggage checks and since that the Interior as well as in the Canal Zone. sengers means extra work, most of Cole- letter resembles the written numeral "7" Early this month the Palo Santo, man's duties are confined to the regular as used commonly in Panama, Coleman Triplaris amerieana, will blossom in the passengers who give him plenty of worry. quickly deduced that the Spanish-speaking forests. The crowns of the tall trees are An example of this type of worry porter had mistaken the "F" for a 7. covered with very showy, panicled pyra- ( occurred recently. A frantic woman pas- The happy passenger, impressed by his midal) racemes of purplish red dioecious senger told him just as the "all ashore" ingenuity, related the incident tirelessly (female) flowers. The staminate or male signal sounded that none of her luggage to other passengers from Cristobal to flowers are undiscernable. was in her stateroom. She was assigned New York. —

10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 Lighthouses, Beacons And Buoys Guide Ships To And Through Panama Canal

The Aids to Navigation people's claim the west bank are red and the range lights that the Canal is lighted "just like Broad- are green. way" is a slight exaggeration. The Canal buoyage follows the United So far this enterprising outfit, whose States system: Red buoys to starboard main duties concern all of the lighthouses, and black to port, when coming from sea. beacons, and buoys which guide mariners A ship entering the Canal from the to and through the Panama Canal, has Atlantic has red buoys on her starboard not provided a single electric sign for the and black buoys on her port until she entertainment of the public. reaches the north end of Pedro Miguel All through the Canal there is not one Locks. From there to the Pacific she is single attraction like Broadway's huge considered to be leaving the Canal and display which, advertising Bond's clothing, the red buoys then appear on the port spills thousands of gallons of water in a side and the black to starboard. never-ending cascade, or a Camel cigarette 762 Aids Maintained sign where a tremendous figure of a man blows smoke rings clear across the street. Altogether, in the 45-mile stretch of the Canal between the Cristobal breakwater But after all, electric signs like that the the Pacific hardly are the Aids to Navigation's job. and buoy which marks sea in the Things like these are: terminus and the waters near Canal When a ship enters the Canal from the entrances, the Aids to Navigation main- tains 762 various lighthouses, beacons, Caribbean, the first Canal light its lookout range lights, and buoys. The black and sees is the flashing beam on the Toro white target markers along the Canal Point light. Set on top of a 100-foot are maintained the tower, the light revolves so that ships 20 set up and by Dredging miles at sea see the beam as a five-second Division. All of the buoys, lighted unlighted, flash followed by 25 seconds of darkness. and replaced each if they in Coming Into Port are year are salt water, each four years if they are in Two miles closer to Cristobal, or 18 brackish Miraflores Lake, and each five miles at sea, the lookout spots the auto- years if they are in fresh water. matic acetylene-gas light on the Cristobal F. A. Boles, a Senior Machinist sta- east breakwater and by the time the ship tioned at Gatun, is in charge of the gas- has come within 12 miles of land he has operated aids while the electrically op- picked up the west breakwater light, also erated ones are the charge of J. D. Tate, operated by gas. the Electrical Supervisor. A record of the About the time he sees this west break- LIGHT from range towers such as this one in the buoys and their schedules is kept on a water light, he can also spot the first of Gatun Lake section helps to guide pilots as they take big blackboard on the second floor, of the the Canal's range lights, two fixed and ships through the Panama Canal. Section's Headquarters at Gatun as well one occulting. The beam of the light, of course, comes as in a follow-up cardfile. Occulting lights, which most people from the reflector behind the bulb and A little-known part of the Aids' job is think of merely as flashing lights, have a the tremendously heavy lens. The lenses a kind of Good-Neighbor policy. This is longer period of light than of darkness; cost as much as $350 apiece. the construction and maintenance of flashing lights, technically, have a light The original plan for lighting the some 60 miles of small boat channels period equal to or shorter than the dark Panama Canal was developed in 1911 through stump-filled Gatun Lake—high- period. from a study made Walter F. Beyer, ways for the people of the little lakeside Once he has spotted the two break- by an engineer detailed from the Lighthouse towns. Over these channels daily come water lights and the range lights, the Board in Washington. It called for the boatloads of fruits, vegetables, squealing navigator has an easy time, nautically use of range lights in concrete towers to pigs, and cackling hens, which often make speaking. He simply steers a course of mark sailing lines on the longer tangents the day hideous with their noise when 180 degrees true to the lights and there and of side lights, buoys, and beacons to they are unloaded at the dock near the he is -inside the breakwater. mark the channel in the approaches and Aids to Navigation main office. The lights at the entrances to the Canal in Gatun Lake. In 1913 Canal engineers and along the length of the waterway are Outlying Lights began to install a system of beacons not operated by a time clock as are street Outside the Canal proper the Aids to through the Cut. lights in some parts of the Canal Zone Navigation maintains lights at San Jose These beacon lights, however, had con- and along Broadway too, for all we know. in the Perlas Group, Bona Island and fusing flashing intervals and served to They are run by a kind of thermostatic Frailes del Sur on the Pacific Side, at blind rather than guide the pilots and control, a sun valve which is so sensitive Farallon Sucio, a cluster of five small they were replaced by a system of bank that the darkness of a heavy rain will rugged rocks 22 miles from Cristobal and lights and green center-line range lights. cause the lights to turn on. at Isla Grande, 35 miles from the Atlantic- "Street Light" Systems Blind Man's Device entrance. This system is older than the Canal The Cut lights have fixed beams, except The lights at Morro Puercos and at itself. Some of the lights installed before on turns where there are flashing lights, Jicarita, the latter 220 miles up the coast the Canal was opened worked on this and they are placed between 500 and from Balboa, are serviced by the Aids to principle which was developed by a blind 1,000 feet apart. Mounted on spindles Navigation for the Coast Guard. Swedish scientist named Delane. about six feet above the water, they are The light at Isla Grande is the only one All of the lights are checked and in- of such low wattage that they produce which is manned; there four local-rate spected regularly. In addition, a complete no glare. employees do the lighthouse-keeping. replacement unit for each type is kept They are set up in what electricians call The light at Cape Mala, approximately ready in the main shops at Gatun—just an automatic sectionalizing system so 95 miles from Balboa, and the radio bea- in case. that in case of trouble anywhere along the con on the mole at Cristobal are operated - To the uninitiated who had expected line—barring a complete power failure by the United States Coast Guard. that the light bulbs used by the Aids the maximum distance which would be Not all of the Aids' aids are as station- might resemble basketballs, the sight of darkened would be about 1,000 feet, and ary as the lighthouses and the beacons. one is disappointing. Some of them, in even that would be unusual. The craneboat Toro, whose job it is to the Aids to Navigation's electrical shop Sea-going practice calls for a difference service all the buoys, spends much of its at Gatun where H. H. Keepers checks in lights and buoys so that a master time plodding around the Canal, up- flashers, lampchangers, and bulbs, are as knows whether his channel lies to port or rooting and replacing the buoys which small as a Christmas tree light and look starboard. In the Cut, for instance, the look for all the world, with their top- not unlike one. lights on the east bank are white; those on pieces off, like giant potato mashers. February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11

And outside the Canal Zone proper, more than one distressed sailor has had cause to thank the services of the Taboga, the only seagoing salvage tug on the Isthmus. This sturdy craft is stationed in Gatun Lake so that she can be ready to dash for either end of the Canal as she is needed.

Taboga To The Rescue

The other day she got an emergency call. The light at Farallon Sucio was out. The call came at 12:25 p. m. The Taboga was into Gatun Locks at 12:40 p. m., on her way out of the Canal at 1:20 p. m. She bucked dry season winds and rolling seas but finally reached the light, and put a repair party ashore in a tossing row- boat. The repairmen found that a small leather diaphram on the sun valve had failed. The defective valve was replaced, the light relighted, the shore party re- loaded and the return trip made—all in time to get the Taboga back to Cristobal at 9 p. m. the same day. More spectacular of course, have been some of the Taboga's salvage operations at sea. On such operations Capt. Floyd BARNACLES crust the sides of a big buoy in Balboa harbor as it is raised by the Aids to Naviga- tion Section's craneboat Toro. Buoys such as this, in salt water, are removed every year for cleaning, W. Forrest, Chief of the Section and repainting, and refitting. salvage master, goes with the Taboga. He went to sea when he was only 17 A prime booster for the Aids to Navi- Mail censorship rules were announced years old, served as the master of ocean- gation section is Phifer Quinn, one of its and people became used to not mentioning going tugs and ships for a number of original personnel and now its Assistant in their correspondence such matters as de- firms, including the Merritt-Chapman Chief. His first job with the section, then fense, shipping, or the weather, and to not Salvage Company, and was a Canal pilot known as the Lighthouse Subdivision, using abbreviations or nicknames in their for 19# years before moving to the Aids was as a "lampist," or one of the men who letters. Two ship passengers and the vessel's to Navigation. checks the electric and gas apparatus. He master were fined because the passengers Also aboard the Taboga, if there is had transferred to this job from a posi- had cameras during a transit. Fines were reason to think he might be needed, is a tion as wireman with the Electrical Divi- imposed for night parking on principal diver. sion in July 1914 after he had helped to thoroughfares. Not long ago the Taboga was dispatched install the wiring and lights in various of from Cristobal to bring back to the safety the electric aids. of Limon Bay the freighter Caribe, out of Canal and Railroad employees were All in all, the Aids to Navigation people fuel and, despite her rock ballast, rolling cautioned not to talk about the work they believe, what with lights and buoys and in the Caribbean. were doing. Regulations banning publi- lighthouses and beacons and with the On the way to the Caribe, the Taboga cation of shipping news were extended to Toro and the Taboga, they are doing a came on a two-masted schooner which airline information. Tire rationing be- pretty comprehensive job helping mari- was cast adrift when her towing tug, the came effective. The first sale of War ners reach and transit the Canal. old Bohio, sank 25 miles from the Cris- Bonds passed the half-million dollar mark. tobal breakwater. The Taboga towed the (Editors Note: This is the last of a series of six schooner into Cristobal, then returned to stories on the men and Divisions With all of the Panama Line's ships in who put ships through the Panama Canal.) sea to make connections with the Caribe. military service, the Cristobal ticket office More than a year ago the Taboga, then was closed for the duration. Eggs, lettuce, at work laying a pipeline off the Nica- Ten Years Ago and some fresh vegetables reappeared on raguan coast on a special commercial local menus. An appeal was issued for order, was interrupted in this job to go to In January blood donors, whose names were to be the aid of a badly listing lumber ship, placed on a "ready" list, in case of the Oregonian. emergency. Zonians were beginning to be accus- The Taboga made a tow line secure and tomed to living under wartime conditions. brought the lumber ship, far so over that All over the Canal Zone men turned out A bid of $46,250,000, submitted by her starboard rail was almost awash, to build temporary air raid shelters of Samuel R. Rosoff, Ltd. of New York, was safely into Balboa. sandbags. One of the shelters on Dohr- the lowest of three offered for building the mann Street in Balboa collapsed during new locks at Gatun. Governor Glen E. the building, injuring one of several men Edgerton announced that the Third Locks inside. work had a high priority and that plans had been made to push the work to com- The Army revealed a plan for the gradual pletion as rapidly as possible. The new return of service families to the United drill barge, Thor, arrived under tow from States. Civilian families were offered an New York, for use on the Third Locks equal priority if they cared to return to the project. The drill barge was a duplicate States. Meanwhile the Governor and the of the Vulcan, which had been delivered State Department worked together to iron early in 1941. out passport difficulties for those Canal Zone families who were caught in the States by Steel helmets were issued to local travel restrictions and who wished to return raid wardens. Boxes and buckets to the Isthmus. of sand for incendiaries were placed in quarters and The street lights went out to stay. some public buildings. Small boats and Stations were set up by the Canal and pleasure craft were moved from the Balboa military authorities to cover automobile Yacht Club anchorage. The Navy icas headlights with a heavy coating of dull swamped with men wishing to enlist. JOHN'C. THOMPSON is one of the Aids to red paint. A model house was set up at Navigation's general handymen. A marine machinist Diablo Heights to show householders and a Canal employee since 1940, he spends most of what shaded lights they could use before The last civilian execution (by hanging) his time hauling buoys out of the water with a big 11 crane. In between, he relieves other machinists and p. m. There were no lights at all per- in the Canal Zone took place December even has acted as a "lampist" on occasion. mitted after that hour. 1, 1920, at Gamboa. 12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 Many Vital Canal Problems Considered By Directors At January Meeting Here

No meeting of its kind has been held in PANAMA LINE OPERATIONS: No However, the Governor, as President of the Canal Zone since the days of the action was taken on the question of the Company, was authorized by the Isthmian Canal Commission nearly 40 changing the northern terminus of the Board to discuss the matter informally years ago which ranked in interest and Panama Line or changing the schedules, with Bureau of the Budget officials with importance with the meeting of the Board but Mr. Pfizer and Mr. Taylor were ap- a view to developing a solution. of Directors of the Panama Canal Com- pointed as a committee to study the WASHINGTON AND NEW YORK pany during the week of January 7. Line's operations generally and report OFFICES: The Governor was authorized The sessions, held in the Board Room of their findings at a later meeting. to employ consultants to study functions the Administration Building, extended BUREAU DIRECTORS' REPORTS: of the two offices to determine what over a three-day period and were attended Most of the second-day sessions were economies may be effected in their by eight of the thirteen directors. Officers occupied by hearing reports of various operations. and directors attending were: Governor Bureau Directors on the functions and Most of the visiting members of the Newcomer, President of the Company; activities of their units. Each of the direc- Board remained on the Isthmus for the Karl R. Bendetsen, Chairman of the tors presented charts and statistical week following the Board sessions. Mr. Board; Lieutenant Governor Herbert D. material showing comparisons of unit Taylor left on Wednesday morning to Vogel and W. R. Pfizer, Vice Presidents; operations during the first quarters of keep a prior business engagement and did James C. Hughes, Secretary; T. Coleman this fiscal year and last. not attend the sessions that day. Mr. Andrews, Bernard F. Burdick, Edward D. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES: Capi- Andrews left the following day. The McKim, Maj. Gen. Julian L. Schlev, and tal items of the 1953 fiscal year were Assistant Secretary of the Army and Mr. Daniel E. Taylor. approved. A list and description of the Robinson, Special Consultant, returned to Also attending the meetings were proposed capital expenditures for the the States on the Panama Liner sailing on Matthew Robinson and Peter Beasley, fiscal year 1954 were presented and several Friday after the meeting, while Mr. Special Consultants to the Secretary of Board members who remained on the Beasley, the other Special Consultant, the Army, who had accompanied Mr. Isthmus after the meeting made an on- remained on the Isthmus for the entire Bendetsen to the Isthmus a week earlier. the-ground inspection of the proposed month of January and sailed today. Financial affairs of the new Panama items. Board members who sailed on the Canal Company occupied a major portion INCOME TAX: The Board devoted Panama Line January 18 were General of the Board's attention. Other subjects much attention to this important subject, Schley, Mr. Pfizer, and Mr. Burdick. Also and matters before the Board included: and means of possible relief of the burden sailing that date was Mr. Hughes. Rents; election of a Finance Director; on employees. No formal action resulted Mr. and Mrs. McKim and their two establishment of a Comptroller's Office; in view of the question as to whether the daughters are still here, spending part of realignment of Company activities; local- problem is within the purview of the their winter vacation season on the rate retirement; Panama Line operations; Company or the Canal Zone Government. Isthmus. reports by Bureau Directors; capital expenditures; income tax; and functioning of the New York and Washington Offices. The following summarizes briefly action taken on these important matters:

RENTS: The Board authorized the previously approved plan to increase from 100 to 150 percent the surcharge on Canal housing occupied by personnel engaged in any type commercial activity and a 100 percent surcharge on housing occupied by personnel in any category other than Government or commercial. It also ap- proved a 1 00 percent rental increase on the 12-family, type 201 apartment buildings in Diablo Heights regardless of occupancy. MANY CANAL OFFICIALS were at the Panama Railroad station to greet FINANCE DIRECTOR: W.H. Dun- the Directors upon arrival. Left to right: Major Genera! George W. Rice, Health Director; Governor Newcomer; Colonel Richardson Selee. Civil Affairs Director; lop, who has 25 years of service with the Lieutenant Governor Vogel; B. F. Burdick (back to camera); James C. Hughes Canal organization and who has been greeting E. C. Lombard, Executive Secretary; Lt. Col. Marvin L. Jacobs, Military Assistant to the Governor, next to motor car; and James C. Marshall, Chief of acting Finance Director since last June, the Customs, Immigration and Postal Division, extreme right. was elected Finance Director and thereby becomes a general officer of the Company. COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE: Apian to establish a Comptroller's Office was ap- proved. Principal functions of the office will be those of the Management Division plus the development of accounting and financial policies, including property in- ventories, and establishment of an internal audit system to be administered by the Finance Bureau. The Management Di- vision is a part of the Comptroller's Office and Marc Quinn has been appointed Chief of the Division. Governor Newcomer was authorized to select and appoint a Comptroller. REALIGNMENT OF COMPANY ACTIVITIES: The Board approved the plan for the realignment of Activities

which is described on page 1 of this issue. LOCAL-RATE RETIREMENT: A retirement plan as proposed by the Canal Administration was sanctioned and Gov- ON-THE-SPOT inspections were made by several Board members of Canal installations and proposed ernor Newcomer was requested to con- improvements. Above are General Schley, Mr. McKim, and Mr. Burdick, left to right, listening to Roy C. multi-million-dollar program to replace electrical tinue his efforts in behalf of this legislation. Stockhpm, Chief of the Locks Division, explain the equipment in the Locks. February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 13

Activities units to meet the new operating Canal Company To Go On Break-Even Basis conditions. Loss In Quarters Operations With Fundamental Changes In Fiscal Status A loss in the operation of quarters is

(Continued from page 1) in the Commercial capital investments. contemplated because rental rates are not Activities, such services and goods will be No part of the civil government expense set to cover interest. However, expenses supplied to all users at rates sufficient to will be allocated to this group. However, of operation, maintenance, and deprecia- recover operating and maintenance costs, with the exception of quarters, rate ad- tion must be covered. This situation will including interest and depreciation on justments will be required in all Service be met by the curtailed maintenance pro- gram which has already been inaugurated so as to avoid rent increases on older type houses. The loss on quarters operations will be apportioned on the basis of occu- paney to units of the Company and Government. In determining the division of the net costs of the Canal Zone Government be- tween the Canal and Commercial Activi- ties, the valuation of assets and properties in each group will be an element of the formula adopted. In recommending this basis, budget officials took cognizance of the fact that some form of property valua- tion is used as the basis of taxes for local government throughout the United States. The two important changes reflected in the revised budgets for this fiscal year and next in no way remove the financial obli- ARRIVAL IN CRISTOBAL meant greetings and renewal of acquaintances. gations imposed on the three At extreme right, the Railroad and Terminals Director and Mrs. E. N. Stokes chat main groups, informally with former Panama Canal Governor and Mrs. Schley. which are that each must be

SERIOUS COMPANY BUSINESS is indicated in the expression on the faces of Mr. Pfizer and Lieutenant Governor Vogel (right) the two Panama Canal MORE SERIOUS BUSINESS engages the attention of Mr. Company Vice Presidents, while Mr. Andrews chats informally with Mr. McKim Andrews, a member of the Board's Executive Committee and Mr. (back to camera). E. C. Lombard is seen at extreme left. Pfizer upon their meeting at the Balboa Heights station.

A LAST MINUTE discussion of Canal Company affairs is being held by before Mr. and Mrs. Bendetsea sailed. Mr. Robinson deft) and'Mr. Beasley Governor Newcomer, President, and Mr. Bendetsej, Chairman of the Board. (right) attended the Directors' meeting as Special Consultants. Mrs. Bendetsen The meeting of the two top officials was held on the pier in Cristobal shortly is seen chatting with Mr. Beasley. 14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Visitors included 110 members of the Forty Years Ago In January American Institute of Electrical Engineers who arrived in two groups, spent six days on the Isthmus; Lt. General Sir Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scout movement, and Mabel Boardman, Chair- man of the National Red Cross Executive Committee. She spoke at the National Theater in Panama.

A move was darted to form a provisional regiment on the Isthmus, similar to the National Guard in the State*. Directors of the movement hoped to get enough volunteers to form at least one regiment of infantry and one mounted troop.

Names were given to forts inside the MIDWAY between the old and the hot was the Cristobal fire station 40 years ago. When this Canal Zone. They were Grant (at Amador photograph was taken in August I'M J motor equipment was (in order to replace the remainder of the horse-drawn engines. The "new reinforce;! concrete building" had just been completed. and the Fortified Islands) for President U. S. Grant; Amador, for the first Presi- Work on the Canal was proceeding automobile tractor and supplementary pair dent of Panama, Dr. Manuel Amador apace. On January 27, 1912, over 77 of wheels to be substituted for horses in Guerrero; Sherman for Gen. William percent of the concrete for the locks was drawing the No. S Sitsby fire engine at Tecumseh Sherman; Randolph for Maj. in place; at Gatun Locks 89 percent had Cristobal. It teas to be capable of going 25 Gen. Wallace F. Randolph; and De- been laid. The first consignment of miles an hour on level road and 10 miles an Lesseps for Count Ferdinand DeLesseps, towing track —60 sections of rack track, hour up a 10-percent grade. promoter of the Panama Canal. each section six feet in length had arrived for Gatun Locks. Installation had been started on the east side wall. EMPLOYEE representatives attending the Governor-Employee Conference recently requested publication, in The Panama Canal Review, of the Med- Reclamation of swamp lands between the ical TarrT. The first sections were printed in the December and January issues. The remaining tables appear in this issue. Canal channel and the Railroad, from Miraflores to Corozal, wan proceeding from the north. The lowlands were briny raised TABLE 3 by means i f silt pumped from the hydraulic excavation south of Miraflores Locks. Else- CHARGES FOR DENTAL TREATMENT AT ALL DENTAL CLINICS where on the Canal Zone advancing con- OPERATED BY THE HEALTH BUREAU AND BY struction caused cancellation of the lease if DISTRICT DENTISTS a rum distillery near Gorgona. Salary Groups The Canal Zone was going modern. Water from the new filtration plant at Gr0UP Groups land 2 , Agua Clara Reservoir, which supplied the 5 and^V6 villages of Gatun, New Gatun, and Spill- way, was turned into the mains. Carts 1. Dental X-Rays: a Single film SO. 75 SI. 50 which had delivered distilled water from (b) Each additional film .IS .50 door to door ever since there were Ameri- (No charge to employees of the Panama can homes, were dispensed with. Canal Company or Canal Zone Govern- ment for diagnostic purposes at the The Webb Motor Fire Apparatus Co. of request of a physician, or on account of St. Louis wa' given the award for two auto- injury in line of duty). 2. Fillim mobile fire pumps and trucks at $8,000 each. (a)' Amalgam 1.50 to 3.00 2.50 to 5.00 Requisition was the purchase made far of an lb) Porcelain (synthetic) 1.50 to 3.00 2.50 to 5.00 (c) Gold inlay (not included in bridge). 5.00 to 10.00 5.00 to 20.00 (d) Temporary or cement base .75 to 1.50 1.50 to 3.00 Boy Scouts In The Canal Zone Celebiate (e) Acrylic inlay. 3.00 to 10.00 5.00 to 15.00 3. Extractions and Oral Surgery: (a) Tooth extractions— local anesthetic 1.50 2.50 Continued from page/,) all over the world. ili) Tooth extractions—general anesthetic 3.00 to 5.00 5.00 to 10.00 International Boy Scouts li) Removal of impacted teeth, each 2.00 to 5.00 5.00 to 15.00 (d) Alveolectomy, partial 2.00 3.00 In 1947 the International Boy Scouts (e) Alveolectomy, complete 5.00 to 8.00 10.00 to 15.00 (f) 'Tumor or cyst, removal of or similar were organized on the Canal Zone to pro- opera tion -1.00 to 8.00 10.00 to 15.00 vide Scouting for alien boys. Governor (g) ( jum resection, single arch 5.00 to 8.00 10.00 to 15.00 Newcomer is also Honorary President of h Tooth erupting, lancing of 1.00 to 2.00 2.00 to 5.00 the International Scouts, William Jump iii Fracture, reduction of, maxilla or man- dible U00 to 10.00 5.00 to 25.00 is the International Scout Council's presi- (j) Wiring of jaw or application of splint, dent and Raymond George serve; as following fr icture 5.00 to 10.00 5.00 tc 25.00

Scout Executive. i k i Alis-ess, incision and drainage 2.00 3.00

This organization proudly flies three (I) Apicoectomy 5.00 to 8.00 10.00 to 15.00 4. Crou ns: flags these of the United States, of (a) Gold, all types 5.00 to 12.00 12.00 to 20.00 Panama, and of Great Britain. They were I li I Porcelain jacket crown 5.00 to 12.00 15.00 to 35.00

i ted at a ceremony held on Arm i ibice (c) Acrylic crowns 5.00 to 12.00 15.00 to 35.00 Day 1949, at La Boca." (d) Crown, repair of 2.00 to 5.00 3.00 to 6.00 5. Bridgework, fixed: Every local-rate community on the (a) Units of fixed bridgework (gold or gold Canal Zone has an International Boy and porcelain) 5.00 to 12.00 10.00 to 25.00 Scout Unit. Altogether, there are five lii All porcelain or acrylic bridges, per unit. 5.00 to 12.00 10.00 to 40.00 Explorer Units, nine Scout Troops, and 10 (c) Bridges, repair of 2.00 to 12.00 2.00 to 35.00 (d ) Replace broken facings, bridge 1.50 to 3.00 3.00 to 5.00 Cub Packs all with a total membership 6. Bridgework, Gold, Vitallium, Ticonium, or of 451. Close to 200 adults, including the similar metal: men who serve on the troop committees, (a) Cast removable bridgework, per unit 5.00 to 18.00 3.00 to 25.00 work with the boys. I Iniup 1—$0.50 hourly or $86 per month or les?. At the present time, the International Group 2—$0.51 to $U0 hourly or $86.01 to $225 per month. Scouts are attempting to set up a summer Croup 3—$1.31 to $2.30 hourly or $225.01 to $400 per month.

( Jroup 4— $2.31 to $2.87 hourly or $400.01 to $500 per month. camp, similar to that of the Boy Scouts Group 5— S2.88 hourly or $500.01 per month or more. of America. Group 6—Pavate pay patients. . )

February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

TABLE 3— Continued LOW INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS

[Continued from, paje of the Canal Salary Groups 8) Zone Government and the Medical De- of the has Groups 3, 4, partment Army. The Army Groups 1 and 2 5 and 6 installed two photofluorographic machines and provides for their maintenance and 7. Dentures: repair. The Health Bureau supplies the (a) Full upper or lower, Vulcanite, each $20.00 to 30.00 $40.00 to 50.00 films and personnel for conducting the (b) Full upper or lower, Acrylic, each 25.00 to 50.00 50.00 to 70.00 (c) Partial denture, Vulcanite 15.00 to 50.00 30.00 to 60.00 program. The Bureau's Division of Pre- (d) Partial denture, Acrylic 25.00 to 50.00 50.00 to 90.00 ventive Medicine schedules the groups for (e) Lingual or palatal bar 10.00 to 15.00 10.00 to 15.00 the examination. (f) Re-base denture 5.00 to 15.00 15.00 to 30.00 (g) Denture, repair 2.00 to 10.00 4.00 to 15.00 All Employees X-Rayed 8. Oral Prophylaxis and Treatment of Gum Con- ditions: To date, all employees of the Canal (a) Oral prophylaxis, adult, per sitting 1.00 to 2.00 2.00 to 5.00 Zone Government, the Panama Canal (b) Oral prophylaxis, children 1.00 to 2.00 2.00 to 3.00 Company and all civilian employees of (c) Gingivitis, treatment for, per sitting 1.00 2.00 the Army have had chest X-rays made. (d) Gingivitis, Vincentis treatment for, per Last month all college, high school, and sitting 1 .00 2.00 (e) Pyorrhea, treatment for, per sitting 1.00 to 2.00 2.00 to 3.00 junior high school students were X-rayed. (f) Sodium fluoride prophylaxis for preven- Other groups will follow and it is expected tion of dental caries, series of treatment-. 5.00 5.00 to 10.00 that these will include families. Some will 9. Root Canal Work: (a) Devitalization and removal of pulp 1.50 to 3.00 3.00 to 5.00 be X-rayed annually and others at (b) Root canal treatment 1.00 2.00 intervals of two or three years. (c) Root canal filling 1.00 2.00 Richard L. Wright and Louise Goldson 10. Orthodontia Appliances and Treatments: take and develop all the X-ray pictures (a ) Appliances, each 15.00 to 25.00 25.00 to 50.00 (b) Orthodontia treatments, per month 5.00 10.00 and keep the necessary day-to-day rec-

1 1 Miscellaneous: ords. The films are developed at Gorgas (a) Treatments, pre- or post-operative, per Hospital and interpreted by the Chief of sitting .25 to .50 1.00 to 1.50 the Chest Service. The consolidated rec- (b) Occlusion balanced 2.00 3.00 (c) Various minor operations 1.00 to 5.00 3.00 to 15.00 ords are maintained by Mrs. Tuba Pinilla (d) Gold dummies on dentures 6.00 10.011 of the Chest Service. (e) Re-cement crown or inlay 1.00 to 2.00 1.00 to 3.00 Each person X-rayed receives a report (f Re-cemen t bridge 1.00 to 2.00 2.00 to 5.00 of his examination. If the film shows a (g) Crown, removal of .50 to 1.00 1.00 to 2.00 (h) Bridge, removal of 1.00 to 2.00 2.00 to 4.00 completely normal chest, the individual is (i) Anesthesia, local for cavity preparation^. .75 1.00 so advised for his own assurance. (j) Emergency treatment for relief of pain, If the film suggests the need for a fur- for conditions not specifically included ther examination, this is so arranged. This above 1.00 2.00 (k) Treatment for unusual or rare conditions usually requires at least another X-ray not covered above Estimated, with approva of and in some instances means a visit or Health Director. repeated visits to the Chest Service at (1) Professional visit at home of patient or Same as out-patient medical either Gorgas or Colon Hospital. office consultation charge. When indicated, hospitalized observation and treatment are advised. Note: A unit is defined as each attachment to a natural tooth and each artificial All examinations are made without tooth making up a bridge or cast. charge but the hospitalization, when

Items 3f, i, j, k, and 11(c), free to employees of Panama Canal Company needed, is in accord with applicable rules and Canal Zone Government. of the Medical Tariff. Financial aid, if necessary, is supplied by the Canal Zone Chapter of the American Tuberculosis Association with funds derived from the annual sale of Christmas seals. TABLE 4 Started With Two-Fold Purpose FUNERAL SERVICES The program was started with a two-

fold purpose: 1, To determine the extent Lining of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Canal and Storage Zone, and 2, to find cases in the early Coffins, p Em- sealing of body SALARY caskets of Inter- stages of the disease when an early diag- j ma- balm- in re- Hearse and caskets ment nosis means an early cure. GROUPS tion ing friger- urns for ator, Since tuberculosis is a communicable ship- per day ment disease, it is important that open cases be isolated from fellow workers and fellow Actual Actual members of the household and that all

Groups 1 and 2_ . cost, plus $15.00 $15.00 cost, plus $2.50 $10.00 $7.00 possible efforts be expended in order to 10% 10% get the patient well as soon as possible. The treatment of pulmonary tubercu- Actual Actual losis in some cases takes many months, Groups 3, 4, and 5 cost, plus 25.00 25.00 cost, plus 2.50 15.00 40.00 20% 20% but with the modern facilities of Colon and Gorgas Hospitals— including not only Actual Actual specially trained physicians and nurses, cost, plus 50.00 50.00 cost. dIus 5.00 25.00 50.00 but also the antibiotics, particularly 50% SO', strep- tomycin and PAS (para-amino-salicylic acid), and surgery in selected cases -the Notes: 1. All costs incident to funeral services are free to employees of the Panama period of hospitalization is not nearly so Canal Company and Canal Zone Government, provided the cost of long it several funeral service for Local Rate employees does not exceed $50.00. Funeral as was years ago. services include: Cost of embalming; cremation; interment; coffin, casket, Both Gorgas and Colon Hospitals have

or urn ; refrigerator storage and hearse. established out-patient clinics for the management of cases that do not need 2. No charge will be made for body held in storage for the convenience of hospital or medico-legal authorities, or when body is disposed of prior to further hospitalization. 4:00 p. m. on date of death. BCG (Bilie Calmette Guerin— a vac- cine which has been used in Scandinavian 3. Transportation of body other than to cemeteries: Truck transportation within the Canal Zone or to a railroad station, $5.00 per trip; truck countries for years) vaccination of new- transportation to points outside of the Canal Zone, $10.00. born infants has been a practice of the Panama and Colon Health Offices for the 4. Personnel and beneficiaries of other Government Agencies will be charged the rate shown for Groups 3, 4, and 5. past two years and recently (See page W) . 351

16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

THIS MONTHS CALENDAR ANNIVERSARIES

FEBRUARY 21st —American Legion Auxiliary, No. 6' Employees who observed important anni- < ianiboa, 7:30 p. m. versaries during the month of 1st—V.F.W. Post Xo. 3857, New Cristo- January are 22d —Washington's Birthday — Holiday listed alphabetically below. The number of bal, 7:30 p. m. 25th—V.F.W. Auxiliary, Post 3822, Post years includes all Government service, with American Legion, Post No. 6, Gamboa, Home, 7:30 p. m. ihe Canal or other agencies. those with 7:30 p. m. Machinists, No. 699. Margarita K. of C. continuous Canal or Railroad 2d -Track Foremen, No. 157, Balboa service are Hall, 7:30 ... m. with (*). B & B Shops. indicated 26th —American Legion, Post No. 7. Fort 4th Postal F.mployees, No. 23160, Bal- 40 YEARS Clayton, 7:30 p. m. Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. boa Operating Engineers, Balboa Gregor Gramlich, Master, Dipper Civic Council, Union No. 595, Pedro Miguel I tre.lge Las Cascadas. Lodge Hall, 7 o. m. Church, 7 p. m. B. Higginbotham, V.F.W., Post No. 100, Old Boy Scout Joseph Motor In- Cristobal-Margarita Civic Council, spector, Fire Division. Building. Cristobal. 7:50 p. in. Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. John E. Ridge, Boilermaker, Industrial 27th American Legion Auxiliary, No. 2, 727. Fort Clayton, — V.F.W., Post No. 1 >i\ ision. Cristobal, 7:30 d. m. 7:30 p. m. A.F.G.E., No. 88', Margarita Clubhouse, ,*5 YEARS V.F.W., Post No. 3822. Curundu Road. 7:30 p. in. *Edward R. Japs, Assistant Superin- 7:30 p. m. 28th—Governor-Employee Conference, tendent, Division ol Storehouses, American Legion, Post No. 3, Gatun, Board Room, Administration Building, James McKeown, Foreman Rodman, 7:30 p. m. 2 in. .Maintenance Division. 5th —Gamboa Civic Council, Commu- p. 29th— Blacksmiths, No. 400 (affiliated (0 YEARS nity Center, 7:30 p. m. with Boilermakers, No. 463 and 471) Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club- Walter E. Benny, Mechanical Super- Margarita K. of C. Hall, 7:30 p. m. house, 7:30 p m. visor, Electrical Division. Teachers, No. 228, Cristobal High Homer V. Crooks, Sergeant, Police School Auditorium, 3:30 p. m. MARCH Division. <>th V.F.W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of C. William J. Dorgan, Foreman, Electrical 1st Track Foremen, No. 157, Balboa Hall, 7:30 p. m. — Division. B B Shops. Isthmian Nurses Association, Diablo & John H. Ward, Lockmaster, Locks Divi- Postal Employees, No. 25160, Bal- Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. 3d— sion. boa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. in. 7th—Carpenters, No. 667, Margarita 25 YEARS Miguel Civic Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. Pedro Council, Union Alva Inspector, Dredg- 10th Plumbers, No. 606, Balboa Lodge Church, 7 p. m. H. Cooke, Safety ing Division. Hall, 9:30 a. m. Cristobal-Margarita Civic Council, Assistant Pipefitters, Margarita Clubhouse, 9:30 Margarita Clubhouse, 7:50 p. in. Walter G. Laurie, Foreman, V.F.W., 727, Fort Marine Bunkering Plant. a. m. Post No. Clayton, Maggiori, Lock Sheetmetal Workers, No. 157, Balboa 7:30 p. m. Anthony C. Operator, Locks Division. Clubhouse, 9:30 a. m. V.F.W., Post No. 3822, Curundu Road, 7:30 m. Mrs. Gretchen E. Melanson, Commis- 11th—American Legion, Post No. 1, p. sary Assistant, Commissary Division. Balboa, 7:30 p. m. American Legion, Post No. 3, Gatun, Quinn, Chief, Divi- Machinists, No. 699, Margarita K. of C. 7:30 p. m. Marc Management 4th— Civic Council, sion. Hall, 7:30 p. m. Gamboa Commu- nity Center, 7:30 p. m. Ray B. Wells, Clerk, Fire Division. 12th—V.F.W. , Post No. 100, Old Boy Scout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club- 20 YEARS house, 7:30 m. American Legion, Post No. 7, Fort p. James A. Brooks, Storekeeper Checker, 5th—V.F.W. Post No. 40, Balboa K. of C. Clayton, 7:30 p. m. Terminals Division. Hall. 7:50 m. American Legion Auxiliary, No. 1, p. Robert Cole, Clerk, Health Bureau. Isthmian Nurses Association, Diablo Balboa, 7:30 p. m. Paul W. Colby, Architectural Designer, 397, W'irz Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. Electrical Workers, No. Me- Engineering I Kvision. 6th—Carpenters, No. 667, Margarita morial Building, 7:30 p. m. John C. De Young, Gas Plant Operator. Clubhouse, 7:30 in. 13th —Pacific Civic Council, Board Room, p. *Elmer F. Forbes, Jr., Moving Picture Administration Building, 7:30 p. m. Operator, Clubhouse Division. American Legion, Post No. 2, Cristobal, Carleton F. Hallett, Fireman, Fire

7:30 p. m. I >i\ ision. Carpenters, No. 913, Balboa Lodge Hall, Florence M. Peterson, Clerk-Typist, 7:30 p. m. February Sailings Finance Bureau. 15th—V.F.W., Post No. 3857, New Cris- William F. Robinson, Commissary tobal, 7:30 p. m. From Cristobal Manager, Commissary Division. 17th—C.L.U.-M.T.C, Balboa Lodge Hall, 15 YEARS 8:30 a. m. A neon _ _ February 1 A. Chance, and Trac- 18th— Electrical Workers, No. 677, Gatun Panama _ February 8 Bruce Pumpman Masonic Temple, 7:30 p. m. tor-Bulldozer Operator, Maintenance Divi- Cristobal . _ _ _ February 1 19th Operating Engineers, No. 595, sion. Ancon ..February 22 Margarita K. of C. Hall, 7 p. m. Howard L. Clarke, Jr., Rigger and 20th—AJF.G.E., No. 14, Balboa Club- Diver, Industrial Bureau. From New York house, 7:30 p. m. Matthew A. Gabric, Pharmacist, Gor- V.F.W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of C. Cristobal . February 6 gas Hospital. Hall, 7:30 p. m. William M. Martin, Lock Operator, Ancon . _ February 1 American Legion Auxiliary, No. 3, Wireman, Locks Division. Panama . . . February 21 Gatun, 7:30 p. in. Rose A. McGuigan, Voucher Examiner, Teachers, No. 227, Balboa High School Cristobal . . February 27 Finance Bureau. Library, 7 p. m. Paul W. Morgan, N-Rav Technician, Health Bureau. David C. Rose, Special Postal Clerk. Louis H. Schmidt, Jr., Cash Accounting Clerk, Commissary Division. Elmer B. Stevens, Chief, Structural Branch, Engineering Division. December 15 Through January 15 Frank Turman, Paul E. Whitaker, The following list contains the names of erator, Maintenance Division, to Policsm in William J. Leddy, from Plumbing Inspec- those U. S.-rate employees who were trans- Police Division. tor, Municipal Division, to Plumbing In- Irom one division to another or from Michael Zombory, from Clerk (Typist) spector, Contracts and Inspection Division. one type of work to another. It does not Administrative Branch, to Clerk ( I \ pist ), Frank R. Shea, from Chief Plumbing contain within-grade promotions or re- Police Division. Inspector, Municipal Division, to Chief gradings or the long list of those who were ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Plumbing Inspector, Contracts and Inspec- transferred to the Maintenance Division BUREAU tion Division. from the former Building and Municipal Clarence H. True, from Supervising Fred W. Morrill, from Safety Engineer, Divisions because ..I the consolidation of Construction Inspector, Contracts and In- Safety Branch, to Surveying and Carlo- two divisions into the Maintenance spection Division, to Structural Engineer, graphic Engineer, Surveys Branch. I (ivision. Engineering 1 Hvision. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH Roy D. Reece, from Chief, Construction James F. Ahearn, from Foreman and Maintenance Branch, to Assistanl Mrs. Grayce L. Nadeau, from Clerk Plumber, Building I 'ivision, to Plumbing In- (Typist), Gorgas Hospital to Clerk-Steno- Electrical Engineer, Electrical Division. spector, Contracts and Inspection Division grapher, Administrative Branch. Mario Calleja, from Civil Engineering FINANCE BUREAU CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU Aid, Municipal Division, to Surveying Ernest H. Terry, from Accounting Clerk, Mrs. Lucille P. Reece, from Substitute and Cartographic Engineer, Engineering Building Division, to Accounting Clerk tier to Elementarv School Teacher. I >i\ ision. (Check Writer), Fiscal Division. Ray B. Wells, from Clerk, Police Divi- Curtis L. Mullins, from Utility Opera- William H. Dunlop, from Chief, Man- sion, to Clerk, Fire Division. tor to Tractor-Bulldozer Operator, Main- agement Division, and Budget Coordinator, next Calvin L. Geiswite, from Utility Op- tenance Division. to Finance I lirector. (See page)

• February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17 STATISTICS ON CANAL TRAFFIC

For the purpose of comparison between pre-war and post-war traffic through the Panama Canal, statistics for the fiscal year 1938 are used in this section, as being more nearly normal for peace time than those for 1939. Panama Agencies Predates Canal Opening

An important part of any business is the liaison between that company and its cus- tomers. For the Panama Canal Company the liaison men are the shipping agents, who handle the million and one details of shipping which are not directly concerned with the transit itself. One of the oldest of the Canal Zone agencies is Panama Agencies Company. Although Panama Agencies Company was established in 1911 as a direct subsidiary company of W. R. Grace & Company, with offices in Cristobal, Balboa, and Panama, the parent company's contacts with the Isthmus date back to 1848. Today the lines handled by Panama Agencies pav tolls of close to S6,000,OCO annually. In addition to the toll payments of nearly $6,000,000, other payments to the Canal organization for cargo handling, Commis- sary supplies, wharfage, and repairs amount to a considerable sum each year. Payments to Panamanian merchants for supplies and service rendered to vessels under the direction of Panama Agencies total $350,000 to 8400,000 annually. This, of course, is in addition to the direct income from passengers shopping in the Republic's stores.

Oil, Lumber Handled

Other activities of Panama Agencies in- clude the handling of fuel and Diesel oil through an affiliated company. Arrow Oil Company, with storage tanks in Cristobal A LANDMARK on Steamship Row in Old Cristobal is the Panama Agencies Building. The and Balboa. Through the Panama office a Agencies' Balboa office is on the second floor of the Port Captain's Building. The Cristobal office considerable quantity of lumber is sold to was built in 1931, 20 years after the Panama Agencies Company was established on the Isthmus as construction firms and lumber yards of a direct subsidiary of W. R. Grace and Company. Panama. Steamship passage can be arranged to practically every the world on part of Taboga Was Water Supply and the Missourian and the Nebraskan, vessels handled Agencies. by Panama from New York to the Pacific. (Another The present business activities of this firm During this early period, about 1850, ship of the American-Hawaiian Line, the require the services of 79 employees in its property on Taboga Island was acquired Nevadan, won the distinction last April 26 three offices. The is manager Albert G. mainly for supplying water to the Pacific of being the 150,000th ship to transit the Deisz, who has in the been Canal Zone for 11 Mail vessels. This property was used as a Canal.) Another early transit of the Canal years and has had over 20 years of service water supply until the opening of the was made a few days after the opening by with the Grace organization's San Francisco, Panama Canal. Later this same general the Grace Line's Santa Catalina. New York, and Canal Zone offices. His area was a V. S. Naval base and still later assistant, Daulton Mann, Jr., is a new- became a recreational area under the control Handles Large Percentage comer to the Isthmus He arrived here last of the Panamanian Government. June with several years of shipping experi- Between 1911 and the opening of the Since the opening of the Panama Canal, ence behind him. His father was executive Panama Canal in August 1914 the main Panama Agencies Company has consistently vice president of the Grace Line for many duties of the Panama Agencies Company- handled a large percentage of its commercial years. The Balboa office is under the direc- were the handling of vessels bringing traffic. For instance, in 1918 approximately tion of Arthur E. Erb who holds a Master's "Grace" lumber for the building program of 20 percent of the overall Canal traffic was license and whose background includes time the Isthmian Canal Commission. The green handled by Panama Agencies. at sea for the Grace Line. and white colors on these old quarters were During World War I, the agencies handled The earliest Isthmian contacts of the the same as the green and white of the Grace at the Canal all Grace Line and Johnson Grace Line were with the Pacific Mail Line stacks. Line vessels and many smaller lines, in addi- Steamship Company and were indirect at Four of the vessels put through the Canal tion to the many ships operated by W. R. that time—W. R. Grace and Company later on August 16, 1914, the first day for actual Grace & Company for the United States acquired an interest in Pacific Mail —but commercial transits, were owned by the Shipping Board. they did serve to establish a lasting interest American-Hawaiian Line whose ships are In the next two decades, Panama Agencies in the affairs of commerce and industry in now handled by Panama Agencies. These Company steadily grew, becoming repre- this area for W. R. Grace and Company and first ships were the Pennsylvanian and sentatives here for many of the important its affiliates. r Arizonian. from San Francisco to New York, L . S. flag steamship (See page 20)

RAILROAD AND TERMINALS BUREAU PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS John I. Frank, from Machinist, Indus- trial Bureau, to Fleet Machinist, Dredging Mrs. Marion E. Middlebrook, from {Continued from page 16) Division. Clerk Typist, License Section, to Clerk Clarence M. Chambliss, from Pilot-in- Typist, Terminals Division. Training Probationary Navigation Howard M. Fuller, from Accounting to Pilot, SAFETY BRANCH Division. Clerk, Accounting Division, to Accounting Hayward H. Shacklett, from Safely Gerald E. Cooper, from Operator, Clerk, Audit Division. Inspector, Commissary Division, to Safety HEALTH BUREAU Tractor-Bulldozer, to Mate, Dipper Dredge, Engineer, Safety Branch. Dredging Division. Mrs. Griselda H. Ferrabone, from Nurse SUPPLY AND SERVICE BUREAU Raymond S. Europer, from Chief Tow- to Nurse (Anesthesia), Gorgas Hospital. Mrs. Esther A. Bullock, from Cashier Engineer, Dredging Division, Chief INDUSTRIAL BUREAU boat to to Cash Accounting Clerk, Commissary Towboat Engineer, Navigation Division. Division. Andrew Bleakley, from Shiptitter, Lead- William Hannigan, Jr., from Wireman, er, to Shiptitter Leadingman, Shop Section, Electrical Division, to Electrician, Aids to Production Division. RETIREMENTS IN JANUARY Navigation Section. David E. Coffey, from Shiplitter to Ship- Employees who retired at the end of Jan- fitter Leader and Loftsman, Shops Section, Irl R. Sanders, from Tunnel Operator, uary, their birthplaces, titles, length of Production Division. Wireman, to Junior Control House Opera- service at retirement, and their future MANAGEMENT DIVISION tor, Atlantic Locks. addresses are: Leslie W. Croft, from Lock Operator, Marc P. Quinn, from Assistant Chief to Julius H. Bornefeld, Texas; Lock Wireman, to Tunnel Operator, Wireman, Chief. Operator, Machinist, Gatun Locks; 31 Atlantic Locks. MARINE BUREAU years, 6 months and 22 days; Houston, Tex. Rudolph A. Gangle, from Fleet Ma- Donald J. Grimm, from Wireman, Elec- Ora F. Henderson, Iowa; Watchmaker, chinist, Dredging Division, to Lock Opera- trical Division, to Lock Operator, (Wire- Industrial Bureau; 36 years, 6 months and tor, Machinist, Pacific Locks. man), Pacific Locks. 24^ days; Gamboa. Ernest M. Krueger, from Machinist, Norman R. Hallock, from Pump Opera- Wayne H. Nellis, South Dakota; Lock Dredging Division, to Lock Operator, Ma- tor to Tractor-Bulldozer Operator, Dredging Operator, Wireman Leader, Gatun Locks; chinist, Pacific Locks. Division. 27,years, 7 months, 28 days; Burbank, Calif. 18 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Canal Company To Go On Break Even Basis Principal commodities shipped through the Canal (All figures in long tons) {Continued paje 13) on at least from Figures in parentheses in 1938 and 1951 columns indicate a break even basis. relative positions in those years This means, in effect, that the price of PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC eggs in the Commissaries will not be f affected by any change in he rate of Second Quarter, Fiscal Years Canal tolls. Commodity 195? 1951 1938 Groups On Individual Basis While each of the main groups—Canal, Ores, various 936,585 897,932 (O 524,191 (3) Lumber 829,215 831,250 671,973 Commercial, and Services— is required to (2) (2) Wheat 413,053 195,103 (4) 217,658 (7) stand on its own feet, financially speaking, Nitrate 370,334 342,214 (5) 306,890 (5) categories the units composing the three Canned food products 285,351 320,969 (6) 303,166 (6) are not required to do so individually. If, Metals, various. 204,389 159,754 (8) 179,591 (8) Bananas 182,532 135,714 4,911 (29) for example, within the Services group (9) Mineral oils 166,515 251,930 (3) 665,884 (1) some unit fails to collect enough revenue Sugar 158,607 151,442 (7) 302,617 (4) to meet all its expenses, this deficit must Refrigerated food products (ex be offset by income from the others. cept fresh fruit) 95,533 92,358 (10) 64,079 (10) Copra 66,016 74,618 33,454 (18) This condition is of particular signifi- (11) Coffee 44,176 40,206 (12) 33,884 (16) cance in the Commercial Activities where Dried fruit 38,963 41,807 (19) 120,664 (12) some units are unlikely to produce suffi- Raw cotton 38,368 42,089 (15) 32,369 (20) cient additional revenue or effect enough Scrap metal 7.517 38,842 (23) 1,928 (*) All others 779,083 638,865 920,582 economy in operations to meet their fair share of expenses. Total 4,616,237 4,255,093 4,383,841 Under present operating conditions it is not expected that the rate of tolls on * Not ranked in 1938 —included in "all others." shipping will have to be increased to meet budget obligations. ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC The additional revenue required by Second Quarter, Fiscal Years Service Activities to meet budget require- Commodity ments in the coming fiscal year will 1952 1951 1938 amount to slightly over $700,000. The i neral oils 909,773 416,682 287,537 increases for the last four months of this M (1) (3) Coal and coke 410,689 216,151 (3) 37,108 (14) fiscal .year are estimated at $150,000. , Manufactures of iron and steel 381,639 410,886 (2) 479,661 (1) Revenue of units in the Commercial Phosphites 187,657 82,313 (4) 71,763 (6) Activities will be increased by an esti- Sugar 124,311 139,782 (7) 971 (31) Paper and paper products 107,185 104,888 94,572 mated $1,814,100 next year, and $400,000 (5) (5) Raw cotton 98,985 82,597 (6) 18,155 (13) between 1 July 1 of this year. March and Automobiles and parts 97,693 62,271 (10) 81,751 (9) Results Are Estimated Machinery , 70,287 52,261 (11) 40,773 (10) Sulphur 68,856 84,634 (9) 101,599 (7) These figures are estimates based on the Tinplate 67,395 48,019 (13) 54,507 (8) judgment as to business which may be Cement 57,850 45,757 (15) 37,256 (11) anticipated and to which increased rates Metals, various 36,957 53,326 (12) 118,833 (4) Ammonium compounds 30,964 59,646 (14) 15,806 (22) will be applied after March 1. There is no Canned food products 26,810 32,924 (17) 38,451 (15) will be assurance that the indicated goals All others 922,321 782,257 807,657 met and this condition is indicated in the Panama Canal Company's budget as Total 3,599,372 2,674,394 2,286,400 transmitted to Congress. was given by Careful consideration Canal commercial traffic by na tionality of vessels the Board of Directors at the last meeting to the types of adjustments in the various Second Quarter of Fiscal Years rates necessary to meet the new operating 1952 1951 1938 conditions and place the Canal Company Nationality Num- Num- Num- on a break-even basis. ber of Tons ber of Tons ber of Tons transits of cargo transits of cargo transits of cargo FINANCES AND QUARTERS 3 1523

(Continued from pigeS) in matters of British . 297 1,871,704 258 1,677,177 297 1,447,720 11 50,899 11 57,079 1 6,127 supervision and who attended the Confer- 5 40,252 2 15,750 ence, was holding "conferences with a Colombian 25 29,926 19 17,263 great number of employees at different Costa Rican_. -- 3 16,676 2 594 levels." One of Dr. Beach's subjects, he 47 235,345 46 158,473 56 220,973 31 26,451 70 24,079 added, was that of "communications," or 1 2,200 how best to get information to the 36 153,920 27 148,543 28 163,965 employees. 1 9,400 83 384,808 Those attending the conference were: 19 163,541 25 196,314 19 82,437 Honduran.. 115 139,349 93 123,537 1 869 the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, — 3 13,235 Mr. Doolan, and Forrest Dunsmoor, for 2 434 the Administration; Dr. Beach as an Irish 6 3,070 observer, and the following employee 17 80,710 18 80,627 13 46,192 Japanese 29 154,169 ? 15,308 72 418,523 representatives: 22 67,049 2 13,243 J. J. O. J. Tobin; Carl W. Hoffmeyer; 1 4 12,747 Corrigan, Walter Wagner and Albert Netherlands- — 23 135,513 37 144,295 74 205,439 Saarinen, for the Central Labor Union; 2 501 Norwegian 210 861,976 115 459,235 151 795,486 F. J. Moumblow and C. W. Hammond, Panamanian 91 491,110 56 273,611 39 94,155 ral of Civic Councils; Committee Peruvian 6 1,986 12 30,870 1 1,148 R. C. Daniels, Railway Conductors; H. J. Philippine 7 40,216 6 37,319 Chase and Rufus Lovelady for the A. F.- Portuguese 4 11,656 4 18,444 2 4,990 G. E.; Andrew Lieberman, Marine 5 25,395 4 16,003 Engineers; J. L. Hummer, Machinists; 36 168,738 37 160,864 27 180,032 R. L. Hileman, Cristobal-Margarita Civic 2 12.566 Council; R. F. Ralph, Gatun Civic United States 535 3,400,570 520 3,241,068 464 2,583,090 6 10,259 6 6,543 Council; William Ward, Gamboa Civic 4 21,052 Council; J. H. Jones, Pedro Miguel Civic Council and Charles Garcia, Pacific Civic Total 1,596 8,215,609 1,378 6,929,487 1,335 6,670,241 Council. February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 19 Upset World Conditions Reflected In Canal Traffic Of Past Quarter

Commercial Shipping Tourist Season Opens Highest In December

Since Pre-war Period

Unsettled world conditions were re- flected in Panama Canal traffic during the second quarter of this fiscal year, ending December 31, by fluctuations in ship movement over some of the principal trade routes. Factors affecting commer- cial traffic included the longshoremen's strike at east coast ports in November, un- settled conditions at the Suez Canal, and the disruption of Iranian oil production. Commercial traffic through the Canal in December showed an upsurge following settlement of the strike with 550 transits by ocean-going vessels, the highest num- ber in any one month since March 1939. December was the fourth consecutive month in which commercial transits exceeded the 500-mark. TOURISTS, 361 of them, arrived in Cristobal January 11 aboard the Holland-America Line's The level of commercial shipping for new Ryndam, to open the 1952 tourist season. The ship put into Cristobal again on January 26, with the first half of this fiscal year, as meas- 322 passengers, on her second cruise of the season. Local agents for the ship are the Pacific Steam Navigation Company. ured by net vessel tonnage, was 5.1 per- Launched December 17, 1949, the Ryndam made her maiden voyage July 16, 1951, on the trans- cent greater than that in the corre- Atlantic route. Second of her name, she is 503 feet overall, has a 69-foot beam, and a registered gross sponding period in the previous fiscal tonnage of 15,014.91. She is equipped with radar and Loran and is air-conditioned throughout. year. The gain in number of ships was The Ryndam was built for the tourist trade and her accommodations are tourist class, except for a few first class cabins and public rooms. The ship has eight decks and the public rooms include two 275, although tolls for the six-month lounges, two dining rooms, a Palm Court, a gymnasium, barber and beauty shops, and a children's period were not correspondingly high due playroom which has a piano mounted on a turntable which may be concealed behind the paneling. chiefly to fewer large tankers in operation An outstandingly noticeable feature of the liner is her specially designed funnel which is so planned over the United States intercoastal run. as to cause a "top whirl," which prevents unwelcome deposits of soot and ash on the after-decks.

Intercoastal Traffic Down quarter of this fiscal year fluctuated ammonium compounds. figures Comparative on commercial widely from the commodity shipments of Variations in cargo shipments from the traffic for the second quarter of this year a year ago. Shipments of coal and coke Pacific to the Atlantic in the second quar- with that of the fiscal year 1951 showed from the Atlantic to the Pacific were al- ter of the two fiscal years were: Gains in increased traffic movement over all of the most twice as high this year, and increases various ores, wheat, bananas and various eight main trade routes, with the excep- were shown in phosphates and cement. metal shipments, and losses in tonnage of tion of the United States intercoastal. Substantial losses were reported in ship- canned food products, copra, scrap metal, The disruption of oil production in the ments of manufactures of iron and steel, and raw cotton. Iranian fields has resulted in considerable gain in the tanker traffic through the Canal within recent months, despite the MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS loss of the intercoastal tanker trade. Vessels of 300 tons net or over In the second quarter, shipments of mineral oils from the Atlantic to the By fiscal years Pacific were more than double those of the corresponding period of a year ago. The Tolls Transits (In thousands of dollars) total shipments for the three months, in Month both directions, aggregated well over 1952 1951 1938 1952 1951 1938 10,000,000 tons, as compared with less July than 7,000,000 tons the previous year. 463 513 457 $1,981 $2,373 $2,030

Some gains in Panama Canal traffic 490 453 505 2,103 2,093 2,195 recently are believed to have resulted September from unsettled conditions at the Suez 516 446 444 2,188 1,952 1,936 Canal, with ships being rerouted between October _ _ _. . 544 480 461 2,230 2,068 1,981 Europe and Australasia. Transits over, this route in the past quarter were 106 November 502 446 435 2,053 1,844 1,893 vessels, as compared with 60 in the second December . _ . 550 452 439 2,347 1,886 1,845 quarter of the 1951 fiscal year.

January _ __ . . 452 444 1 838 Traffic Higher Than 1938 1,854

Panama Canal traffic is at a consider- February 444 436 1,853 1,787 ably higher peak this fiscal year than in March 474 -M)(, 1,943 2 016 the fiscal year 1938, which is considered as a normal for pre-war, peacetime opera- April 470 487 2,007 1 961 tions. Transits this year exceed those of May 485 465 2,020 1,887 1938 by over 300 and tolls are slightly over $1,000,000 higher. Comparative fig- June 478 445 1,982 1,801 ures on the movement of traffic over main Totals for first six trade routes show substantial gains on all months of fiscal year, _ 3,065 2,790 2,741 $12,902 S12.246 $11 88(1 except the United States intercoastal.

The movement of dry storage cargo, as Totals for fiscal year 5,593 5,524 $23,906 $23,170 well as petroleum products, for the second .

20 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 __=

crews of several torpedoed vessels handled Predates Canal Opening bv Panama Agencies were brought to Cris- Panama Agencies tobaljby the U. S. Navy. The staff of Panama Agencies lodged these seamen in barracks at Fort Gulick, provided for medi- cal services, outfitted the crewmen with clothes, and took care of their other needs until repatriation could be arranged. At one time, there were at least 100 ves- sels anchored in Limon Bay in addition to those occupying all berths at the Cristobal piers. During this same period Balboa was the home port for scores of tankers which con- stituted the fuel supply for the Navy in the Pacific It was undoubtedly the most hectic and exciting period in the shipping history of the Panama Canal and the Panama Agencies Company was handling as high as 25 percent of the shipping activities of the Canal at peak periods. During the war years the Agencies also stevedored approximately 750,000 tons of cargo for War Shipping Ad- ministration and U.S. military cargo vessels.

CARGO PASSENGER ships like this Grace Line "Santa ship" make weekly trips through the Panama Canal from New York to the West Coast of South America. Nine of these new air-conditioned vessels have been added to the Grace Line fleet since the end of World War II. LOW INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS

iCovtinued from page to) has been inau- {Continued from page iy) companies. Among The arrival of vessels in convoys created gurated at Gorgas and Colon Hospitals. i host- President innumerable problems for all the shipping represented were American Another important feature of the tuber- Lines, American Pioneer Line, American- agencies in the Canal Zone as well as for the culosis control program just inaugurated Hawaiian Steamship Co., Calmar Steam- Panama Canal Ships would arrive with ship Co., Grace Line, Lykes Bros. Steam- large requisitions for ship stores and chan- was the employment of Melida Tack, a ship Co., Ore Steamship Co., Panama Mail dlery in addition to repairs which needed to specially trained public health nurse. She Steamship Co. (a direct off-shoot of the be made. devotes all her time to visiting the homes original Pacific Mail Steamship Co.) and of patients, giving in regard to pro- United States Lines. Subs Sank Ships advice Mso during this period, a new head- tection for other members of the family, In 1942, the Caribbean was the hunting quarters building was constructed— in 1931, arranging for special clinic and X-ray for In short in the heart of steamship row in Old Cristo- ground Nazi submarines. one stretch 17 vessels were sunk between examinations, and helping in the follow-up bal. This building also became the first head some the peninsula of cases after discharge from the hospital. office for Panagra (Pan American-Grace Yucatan and Panama. The Airways). After the airline expanded its service to Argentina, the Panagra head- quarters were transferred to a more central U. S. point at Lima, Peru. CANAL TRANSITS COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT Feeder Service Established Second Q tarter—Fiscal Year Some years ago the Grace Line set up a feeder service for trans-shipment of cargo 1952 1951 1938 to and from the ports on the west coast of Central America. This service has been Atlantic Pacific managed by Panama Agencies for the Grace to to Total Total Total Pacific Atlantic Line and is comparable to a steamship company within a steamship company. vessels: By this service cargoes are brought to the Commercial 773 823 Canal for trans-shipment to ports in the 1,596 1,378 1,335 United States, South America, the Carib- 141 117 258 bean Islands, England, Europe, and the *Small 219 236 Orient. On the outward voyages cargoes Total, commercial. . _ . . 914 940 1,854 1,597 1,571 from all over the world are loaded for the Central American west coast. With the entry of the LTnited States into **U« S. Government vessels; 88 64 152 World War II, the U. S. shipping industry \\,i~ taken over completely and operated by Small 44 40 84 I he War Shipping Administration, a spe- cially set-up U. S. Government Agency. Total commercial and U. S. Government- 1,046 1,044 2. (WO

* Vessels under 300 net tons or 500 displacement tons. ** Vessels on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1, 1951, Government-operated ships transited free.

TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

Second Quarter, Fiscal Year

1952 1951 1938

"M._J^ United States Intercoastal 127 168 311

East Coast of U. S. and South America. 386 296 124

East Coast of U. S. and Central America 164 121

£| East Coast of L'. S. and Fat Easl 183 151 139

L*. S./Canada East Coast and Australasia 64 41 42 s~~ "*- Europe and West Coast of U. S./Canada 159 122 252

Europe and South America 102 142

Europe and Australasia 106 60 38 ALBERT G. DEISZ, seated, Manager of Panama Agencies, and his assistant, Daulton Mann, Jr., look All other routes 305 331 284 over papers connected with the operations of one of the many lines handled by this agency, one of the Total Traffic 1,596 1,378 1,335 oldest on the Isthmus.

Ctf