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Фгбун “Калмыцкий Научный Центр Российской Академии Наук” (Вестник Киги Ран) Oriental Studies • 2018 39 5 Oriental Oriental Studies (Вестник Киги Ран)

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Фгбун “Калмыцкий Научный Центр Российской Академии Наук” (Вестник Киги Ран) Oriental Studies • 2018 39 5 Oriental Oriental Studies (Вестник Киги Ран) ISSN 2619-0990 │2018│Vol. 39│Is. 5 ФГБУН “Калмыцкий научный центр Российской академии наук” (Вестник КИГИ РАН) ORIENTAL STUDIES • 2018 39 5 ORIENTAL ORIENTAL STUDIES (Вестник КИГИ РАН) Основан в 1963 г. Издается в формате журнала с 2008 г. ISSN 2619-1008 (online version) ISSN 2619-0990 (print version) Журнал зарегистрирован 27 сентября 2017 г. в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор) Рег. номер ПИ № ФС77-71236 2018. № 5 (39) Выходит 6 раз в год Главный редактор: канд. филол. наук В. В. Куканова Заместитель главного редактора: д-р ист. наук Э. П. Бакаева Редакционный совет: акад. РАН Г. Г. Матишов (председатель — Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону), чл.-кор. РАН С. А. Арутюнов (Россия, г. Москва), д-р ист. наук М. М. Балзер (США), акад. Л. Болд (Монголия), д-р ист. наук Н. Ф. Бугай (Россия, г. Москва), д-р ист. наук Вэй Цзянь (КНР), д-р ист. наук В. В. Грайворонский (Россия, г. Москва), чл-корр. РАН А. В. Дыбо (Россия, г. Москва), д-р филол. наук В. Л. Кляус (Россия, г. Москва), д-р филол. наук И. В. Кульганек (Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург), д-р филол. наук О. А. Мудрак (Россия, г. Москва), д-р ист. наук И. Ф. Попова (Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург), д-р ист. наук На.Сухэбаатар (Монголия), д-р филол. наук А. Д. Цендина (Россия, г. Москва), акад. Чао Геджин (КНР), д-р ист. наук Д. Шорковиц (Германия) Редакционная коллегия: чл.-кор. РАН Х. А. Амирханов (г. Махачкала), д-р ист. наук Ц. П. Ванчикова (г. Улан-Удэ), д-р филол. наук Л. С. Дампилова (г. Улан-Удэ), д-р филол. наук Б. С. Дугаров (г. Улан-Удэ), д-р соц. наук Н. В. Дулина (г. Волгоград), д-р ист. наук Н. Л. Жуковская (г. Москва), д-р филол. наук С. А. Крылов (г. Москва), д-р соц. наук Д. А. Лушников (г. Ставрополь), д-р филол. наук Г. Ц. Пюрбеев (г. Москва), д-р ист. наук С.-Х. Д. Сыртыпова (г. Москва), д-р ист. наук А. Г. Ситдиков (г. Казань), д-р филол. наук Е. К. Скрибник (Германия), д-р филол. наук В. В. Трепавлов (г. Москва), д-р филол. наук Чао Гету (КНР) д-р ист. наук Е. Н. Бадмаева, д-р филол. наук Т. Г. Басангова, д-р филос. наук Б. А. Бичеев, канд. филол. наук Д. Н. Музраева, д-р филол. наук В. Н. Мушаев, д-р ист. наук У. Б. Очиров, д-р ист. наук М. А. Очир-Горяева (Россия, г. Элиста) Учредитель – Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Калмыцкий научный центр Российской академии наук» Адрес редакции, учредителя и издателя: Республика Калмыкия, 358000, г. Элиста, ул. им. И. К. Илишкина, 8. Тел.: (84722) 3-55-06, (84722) 3-55-15; факс: (84722) 3-55-06. E-mail: [email protected] Home page: https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour © Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Калмыцкий научный центр Российской академии наук», 2018 SOCIOLOGY СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ИСТОРИЯ Отечественная история Самдан А. А. Усиление российского политического влияния и административная реформа в Туве . 2 Башкуев В. Ю. Традиционный быт и проблемы здоровья монгольского аратства в 1920–1930-х гг. (по архивным материалам Наркомздрава РСФСР). 14 Очиров У. Б. Жители Калмыкии ― кавалеры «полководческих» орденов. 27 Источниковедение Гречкина-Погребнякова (Хворова) И. Е. Документы по истории взаимоотношений народов Cибири в XX веке (по материалам Го- сударственного архива Российской Федерации и Государственного архива Красноярского края) . 48 Козинцев М. А., Почекаев Р. Ю. К истории среднеазиатской таможенной политики России во второй половине XIX в. (докладная записка В. П. Череванского 1872 г.) . 58 Этнология Батомункуев С. Д. Национальная идентичность и феномен гражданской религии . 79 Баязитова Р. Р. Знаковые функции народной одежды в традиционной культуре башкир . 89 Жуковская Н. Л. Шаманы и шаманки Бурятии: их мистический опыт и мои экспедиционные исследования. Часть 1 . 97 ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ Языкознание Хонинов В. Н. К изучению омонимии калмыцкого языка и проблеме составления словаря омонимов . 110 Муратова Р. Т. Генезис, развитие и лексическая семантика цветообозначения ҡыҙыл ‘красный’ в башкирском языке . 120 Бембеев Е. В. К проблеме семантики некоторых лексических единиц, обозначающих «плеть» (на материале эпоса «Джангар») . 132 Гедеева Д. Б. О слове bičiq в языке калмыцкой деловой письменности XVIII–XIX вв. 145 Гёрёчин Г. Частотность и применение некоторых терминообразу- ющих суффиксов монгольского языка . 152 ФОЛЬКЛОРИСТИКА И ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИЕ Фольклористика Дампилова Л. С., Хабунова Е. Э., Чулуун З. Топоним Алтай в моти- ве пути в эпосе монгольских народов . 166 Манджиева Б. Б. Синоптический анализ прологов «Джангара» (Ба- гацохуровский цикл 1857–1862 гг.) . 174 1 ORIENTAL STUDIES, 2018, Vol. 39, Is. 5 HISTORY Copyright © 2018 by the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Published in the Russian Federation Oriental Studies (Previous Name: Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences) Has been issued as a journal since 2008 ISSN: 2619-0990; E-ISSN: 2619-1008 Vol. 39, Is. 5, pp. 2–13, 2018 DOI 10.22162/2619-0990-2018-39-5-2-13 Journal homepage: https://kigiran.elpub.ru УДК 9 (93/94) Усиление российского политического влияния и административная реформа в Туве Аяна Анай-ооловна Самдан1 1 кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Тувинский институт гумани- тарных и прикладных социально-экономических исследований (667000, Россия, Республика Тыва, г. Кызыл, ул. Кочетова, д. 4). ORCID: 0000-0002-7785-7497. E-mail: [email protected] Аннотация Введение. В статье освещается процесс включения тувинцев в российское политическое пространство путем установления протектората России над Урянхайским краем. Царская власть разрабатывала различные планы по распространению своего влияния, в том числе и военный захват края. Эти проблемы обсуждались на разных уровнях российских властей. Од- ним из самых дискуссионных вопросов стала задача администрирования как местного, так и русского населения. Результатом совещаний стала выработка умеренной политики — посте- пенного укрепления своего влияния в крае путем переселения русских крестьян в Туву. Цель. Изучить вопросы административно-территориального управления в Туве после установления российского протектората в 1914 г. Методы и материалы. При написании статьи были использованы эмпирические методы сравнения, описания, интерпретации, системного анализа; теоретические методы историзма, формальной и диалектической логики. Материалом послужили ахивные документы Государ- ственного архива Республики Тыва, а также Научного архива Тувинского интитута гуманитар- но-прикладных исследований, которые впервые вводятся в оборот. Результаты. Архивные документы свидетельствуют, что политическая ситуация требова- ла коррекции системы управления в крае, в частности, организации российских органов вла- сти, их компетенции, порядка взаимодействия комиссариата и переселенческого управления, взаимоотношения этих органов с местным, а также с русским и тувинским населением. Пред- ставителями русских властей назначались опытные, инициативные чиновники (А. П. Церерин, В. К. Габаев, В. Ю. Григорьев), и во многом благодаря их усилиям, энергичным действиям стали возможны принятие протектората и дальнейшие административно-территориальные ре- формы в крае. Порой текущие важные вопросы (строительство Усинского тракта, конфликты между местным и пришлым населением) требовали вмешательства Иркутского генерал-губер- натора. Выводы. Автор считает, что на волне Синьхайской революции в Китае усилились пози- ции России в Туве. Русские чиновники избрали путь косвенного управления, устанавливая тесные контакты с правителями хошунов или же ставя правителями лояльных к ним людей. Такой подход способствовал формированию новых политических элит в Туве. Благодаря этим 2 ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ NATIONAL HISTORY усилиям удалось отстранить от власти монголов, и всеми тувинскими хошунами и сумонами стали править тувинцы. Так, правителем одного из многочисленных хошунов был избран лама К. Чымба, а из четырех сумонов образовали 2 новых хошуна. Тувинская политическая элита не смогла выработать единого мнения в вопросе самоопре- деления страны. Это можно объяснить их некоторым индифферентным отношением к буду- щей судьбе страны и опять же тяготением к старым порядкам управления. Ключевые слова: Урянхайский край, русские власти, Комбу-Доржу, протекторат, сове- щания, иркутский генерал-губернатор, административная реформа, Синьхайская революция Введение и 6 казаков, совершенно «не отвечает совре- С самого начала ХХ в. в разных про- менному положению интересов края» [Соб- винциях Китая вспыхивали народные вос- рание архивных документов… 2014: 53], стания. По всему Китаю распространялись поэтому возложенные на него обязанности антицинские настроения. В 1910 г. россий- должны быть расширены функциями уезд- ский посланник в Пекине И. Я. Коростовец ной полиции, крестьянского начальника и, писал: «В сущности все население Китая возможно, дипломатического агента. Было охвачено духом протеста против существу- решено расширить штат и выработать ин- ющего строя и готово при первом удобном струкцию для Усинского пограничного на- случае прибегнуть к насилию. В стране чальника. Кроме того, были приняты реше- почти повсеместно замечается антиправи- ния военного характера, в частности о вы- тельственное брожение, проявляющееся в даче Усинскому пограничному начальнику восстаниях, бунтах, погромах и военных 1 000 винтовок Бердана и патронов к ним. мятежах» [Белов 2001: 25] Ему поручалось сформировать дружину из Такие же мятежные настроения были ополченцев Усинской волости и Урянхай- и у тувинцев. Обеспокоенный активизаци- ского края и организовать 1–2-недельные ей заселения страны китайцами,
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