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An Application of the Graph Theory Which Examines the Metro Networks
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 2015 PROBLEMY TRANSPORTU Volume 10 Issue 2 metro network; graph theory; cluster analysis Svetla STOILOVA*, Veselin STOEV Technical University of Sofia boulevard Kliment Ohridski 8, Sofia, Bulgaria *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] AN APPLICATION OF THE GRAPH THEORY WHICH EXAMINES THE METRO NETWORKS Summary. The graph theory gives a mathematical representation of transport networks and allows us to study their characteristics effectively. A research of the structure of metro system has been conducted in the study by using the graph theory. The study includes subway systems of 22 European capitals. New indicators have been defined in the research such as a degree of routing, a connectivity of the route, average length per link (which takes into account the number of routes), intensity of the route, density of the route. The new and the existing indicators have been used to analyze and classify the metro networks. The statistical method cluster analysis has been applied to classify the networks. Ten indicators have been used to carry out an analysis. The metro systems in European capitals have been classified in three clusters. The first cluster includes large metro systems, the second one includes small metro networks whereas the third cluster includes metro networks with only one line. The combination of both two methods has been used for the first time in this research. The methodology could be used to evaluate other existing metro networks as well as for preliminary analysis in the design of subway systems. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕОРИИ ГРАФОВ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МЕТРО СЕТЕЙ Аннотация. Теория графов позволяет организовать математическое представление транспортных сетей и эффективно изучить их характеристики. -
Sustainable Urban Mobility and Public Transport in Unece Capitals
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN UNECE CAPITALS UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN UNECE CAPITALS This publication is part of the Transport Trends and Economics Series (WP.5) New York and Geneva, 2015 ©2015 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications, 300 East 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, United States of America. Email: [email protected]; website: un.org/publications United Nations’ publication issued by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Maps and country reports are only for information purposes. Acknowledgements The study was prepared by Mr. Konstantinos Alexopoulos and Mr. Lukasz Wyrowski. The authors worked under the guidance of and benefited from significant contributions by Dr. Eva Molnar, Director of UNECE Sustainable Transport Division and Mr. Miodrag Pesut, Chief of Transport Facilitation and Economics Section. ECE/TRANS/245 Transport in UNECE The UNECE Sustainable Transport Division is the secretariat of the Inland Transport Committee (ITC) and the ECOSOC Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. -
Ita Tribune 31
N° 31 - MAY 2007 - ISSN 1267-8422 TRIBUNE I TA newsletter la lettre de l'AITES Visualisation of the Lochkov tunnel portal Visualisation des têtes du tunnel de Lochkov. SOMMAIRE • CONTENTS BUREAU EXÉCUTIF ET COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION EXECUTIVE COUNCIL AND EDITORIAL BOARD H . P a r k e r U S A Editorial 6 Editorial A . M . Muir Wood U K A . A s s i s B r a z i l Focus sur la Rep. Tchèque 7 Focus on Czech Republic K . O n o J a p a n M . K n i g h t s U K H . Wa g n e r A u s t r i a Résumés des présentations de 20 WTC’07 Open Session Y. E r d e m Tu r k e y la séance publique WTC’07 Abstracts M . B e l e n k i y R u s s i a E . G r ø v N o r w a y Rapports 2006 des Nations 22 Member Nations 2006 F. Grübl G e r m a n y Membres reports Y. L e b l a i s F r a n c e P. Grasso I t a l y Rapports 2006 des "Prime 40 ITA "Prime Sponsors” 2006 W. Liu P R C h i n a Sponsors" de l’AITES reports I H r d i n a Czech Rep. F. Vu i l l e u m i e r S w i t z e r l a n d Rapports 2006 des 45 ITA "Supporters” 2006 reports C . -
An Application of the Graph Theory Which Examines the Metro Networks
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 2015 PROBLEMY TRANSPORTU Volume 10 Issue 2 metro network; graph theory; cluster analysis Svetla STOILOVA*, Veselin STOEV Technical University of Sofia boulevard Kliment Ohridski 8, Sofia, Bulgaria *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] AN APPLICATION OF THE GRAPH THEORY WHICH EXAMINES THE METRO NETWORKS Summary. The graph theory gives a mathematical representation of transport networks and allows us to study their characteristics effectively. A research of the structure of metro system has been conducted in the study by using the graph theory. The study includes subway systems of 22 European capitals. New indicators have been defined in the research such as a degree of routing, a connectivity of the route, average length per link (which takes into account the number of routes), intensity of the route, density of the route. The new and the existing indicators have been used to analyze and classify the metro networks. The statistical method cluster analysis has been applied to classify the networks. Ten indicators have been used to carry out an analysis. The metro systems in European capitals have been classified in three clusters. The first cluster includes large metro systems, the second one includes small metro networks whereas the third cluster includes metro networks with only one line. The combination of both two methods has been used for the first time in this research. The methodology could be used to evaluate other existing metro networks as well as for preliminary analysis in the design of subway systems. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕОРИИ ГРАФОВ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МЕТРО СЕТЕЙ Аннотация. Теория графов позволяет организовать математическое представление транспортных сетей и эффективно изучить их характеристики. -
IMESA Electrical Engineering COMPANY PROFILE
IMESA Electrical Engineering COMPANY PROFILE …ho sempre creduto che al “…my commitment and personal primo posto, nella mia azienda, belief is that in my company dovesse esserci la qualità: quality must always come first, as del prodotto, del servizio, dei for products, service and business rapporti con i clienti, con i quali è relationship alike. With customers necessario dialogare, coordinarsi, it is necessary to dialog, cooperate condividere. La qualità pensai, ci and share experiences. Quality deve differenziare. È quindi per must differentiate us. questo che, nel 1972, ho scelto As a matter of fact, in 1972, I di produrre tutto internamente: chose to manufacture on my controllare l’intero processo, own to get the whole process dall’acquisto della lamiera al under control from the purchase collaudo finale, avrebbe garantito of raw materials to final testing: la qualità e ci avrebbe aiutato a this would have guaranteed crescere. the quality of our products and Oggi, che l’azienda è una helped us to grow. Today, that the realtà mondiale, che ha clienti company is a worldwide reality , importanti in ogni settore e che which as important customers in dispone di molte sedi, uffici, every sector and that has many Sergio Schiavoni mezzi e, soprattutto di personale offices, equipment, and, above all, highly qualified staff, I can say that Presidente della Holding altamente qualificato, posso affermare che quella scelta si è choice has been a winning one: Holding’s President rivelata vincente: la qualità è il the quality is our true heritage, nostro vero patrimonio, che ci which has allowed us to arrive ha consentito di arrivare fino ad until today and allows us to look to oggi e ci permette di guardare al the future with optimism, knowing futuro con ottimismo, sapendo di that we are on the right way. -
JM Cohen*, AS Barron, RJ Anderson, & DJ Graham 1 IMPACTS of UNATTENDED TRAIN OPERATIONS (UTO) on PRODUCTIVITY and EFFICIENCY
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Spiral - Imperial College Digital Repository JM Cohen*, AS Barron, RJ Anderson, & DJ Graham IMPACTS OF UNATTENDED TRAIN OPERATIONS (UTO) ON PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN METROPOLITAN RAILWAYS Judith M. Cohen*, Alexander S. Barron, Richard J. Anderson, and Daniel J. Graham Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ Corresponding author: Judith M. Cohen Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)20 7594 3486 Alexander S. Barron Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] Richard J. Anderson Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] Daniel J. Graham Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] SUBMISSION DATE: 1st August 2014 REVISED SUBMISSION: 14th November 2014 FINAL REVISION FOR PUBLICATION: 13th March 2015 WORD COUNT: 7444 Tables: (0) 0 Figures: (7) 1750 Abstract: 227 Text: 4738 References: 729 1 JM Cohen*, AS Barron, RJ Anderson, & DJ Graham ABSTRACT Urban metro subway systems (metros) around the world are choosing increasing levels of automation for new and existing lines: the global length of metro lines capable of unattended train operation (UTO) is predicted to triple in the next ten years. -
GMT Global Metro Projects Report 2018.Qxp
GLOBAL METRO PROJECTS REPORT 2018 The continued growth of the metrorail sector across the world has reinforced its role in urban transportation and boosted the order book of many construction contractors and equipment suppliers. The sector has benefited from favourable government policies, public investment and recognition as the mode of choice for transport authorities interested in providing sustainable urban mobility solutions for Smart Cities. The industry has many opportunities because the existing lines and rolling stock need renewal and upgrade; there is a strong pipeline of projects which are in approval or planning phase and new business segments such as asset management, support for complex construction and operations planning have opened up in the services sector. Transport authorities are keen to improve service reliability, operations efficiency and environmental sustainability of the existing metrorail systems as well as lower costs and implementation timelines of upcoming systems. New technology has enabled greater engagement with the customers through integrated electronic ticketing and Wi-Fi, demand-based and flexible service for crowd management, real-time passenger alerts, low downtime due to predictive maintenance and increased lifespan of assets. The transport authorities adopting best practices in these areas receive the benefits of enhanced image and high ridership. The Global Metro Projects Report 2018 assesses the current metrorail sector and identifies upcoming opportunities. It provides updated information on 100 metro projects from 52 countries representing over 80 per cent of the world's gross domestic product. The report is comprehensive in its coverage of opportunities in the development of new lines, extension and upgrades of existing lines, rolling stock procurement and refurbishment, power and communication systems upgrades, fare systems, as well as station construction and refurbishment. -
Environmental and Social Data Sheet
Luxembourg, 28 September 2018 Public Environmental and Social Data Sheet Overview Project Name: Sofia Municipality Metro Line 3 Stage II Project Number: 2018-0004 Country: Bulgaria Project Description: An investment loan to Sofia Municipality for the construction of the second stage of Sofia Metro Line 3. The project includes a twin-track metro line approximately 3.8 km in length, 4 metro stations, and a railway stop for connection to the national railway network at the last metro station. EIA required: no Project included in Carbon Footprint Exercise1: no Environmental and Social Assessment Environmental Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment The construction of Sofia Metro Line 3 falls under Annex II of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive 2011/92/EU amended by Directive 2014/52/EU. In this case, based on preliminary environmental assessments, the Competent Authorities screened out metro line 3 (Stage 1, 2 and 3) and therefore no full EIA was necessary (Decision No. 10-PR/2013). A second decision (No. 10-PR/2015) was issued to confirm that the changes due to final design in the metro depot and the alignment along Vladimir Vazov boulevard did not have significant impact. The implementation of the project (Sofia Metro Line 3 Stage II) started at the end of May 2017 and the expected completion date is December 2019. Strategic Environmental Assessment The Sofia Metro Line 3 project is strongly linked with the strategic transport plan for Sofia and has been part of the Operational Programme Transport (OPT) under the National Development Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020, for which a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in accordance with Directive 2001/42/EC has been completed. -
The EIB in Bulgaria in 2018
European Investment Bank The EIB in Bulgaria in 2018 Financing provided by the European Investment Bank (EIB) in Bulgaria reached EUR 103m in 2018. Over the past five years (2014-2018), the Bank has provided funds amounting to some EUR 1.5bn to finance investment projects important for Bulgaria’s economic development. The EIB’s operations in Bulgaria cover all major economic sectors, ranging from basic infrastructure such as transport, communications, energy and the environment to manufacturing and services, including support for small and medium-sized companies through local financial institutions and the development of a knowledge-based economy. Financing under the Investment Plan for Europe in Bulgaria The Investment Plan for Europe (the Juncker Plan) is one of the EU's key actions to boost investment in Europe, thereby creating jobs and fostering growth. To this end, smarter use will be made of new and existing financial resources. The EIB Group is playing a vital role in this investment plan. With guarantees from the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI), the EIB and the European Investment Fund (EIF) are able to take on a higher share of the risk in projects, encouraging private investors to participate. From the launch of EFSI up to the end of 2018, approvals of projects in Bulgaria benefiting from EFSI guarantees totalled EUR 420m, which is expected to mobilise EUR 1.8bn of investment. Support for corporates to foster strategic infrastructure In 2018, the EIB provided a loan of EUR 14m to Agria Group Holding AD to finance the construction of a new port facility close to the Port of Varna for the storage, handling and export of grain, vegetable oils and sunflower meals in the area of Beloslav. -
Second Ferrovie Dello Stato Italiane Green Bond Framework June 2019
Second Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane Green Bond Framework June 2019 INTRODUCTION FS ITALIANE GROUP Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Ferrovie, FS or the company) is an Italian state-owned company controlling several companies in the industrial sectors of transport, infrastructure, real estate, and other services. Ferrovie is the holding company of the Italian railway group (FS Group), which is the main provider of transport services in Italy by rail and bus both passenger and freight. As one of the largest industrial groups in the country, it manages rail and road networks and transport services, contributing to develop integrated mobility and logistics in Italy and abroad. The Group’s transport system carries approximately 750 million rail passengers, 300 million passengers on the road per year and 50 million tons of freight a year on a network of over 24,500 km of railway lines. Of these, around 1,400 km are high speed services1. Ferrovie’s main operating subsidiaries are: - Trenitalia is the incumbent railway passenger transport operator for national and regional services in Italy and provides services abroad mainly in UK and France. - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana is the railway infrastructure manager and owner of the Italian national rail network, operating via a 60 years concession started in 2000. - ANAS is the road infrastructure manager and owner of more than 29,000 km of roads, operating via a 30 years concession started in 2002. - Busitalia Sita Nord provides bus transport, both urban and suburban in Italy and in Netherlands. - Mercitalia Hub companies which provide integrated freight transportation and logistics services to several industries and clients both in Italy and abroad. -
Concessions CSES 260210
Ref. Ares(2015)1072698 - 11/03/2015 Framework Contract for projects relating to Evaluation and Impact Assessment activities of Directorate General for Internal Market and Services Analysis of Sectors concerned by Service Concessions Final Report December 2009 P O Box 159 Sevenoaks Kent TN14 5RJ United Kingdom Tel/fax: +44 (1959) 525122 Web site: www.cses.co.uk Partners: B Bright; MA Coyne; MIM Gardiner; A J Malan; M Whittle, J Smit Registered number OC309369 Registered Office: Westering House, 17 Coombe Road, Otford TN14 5RJ, UK. Analysis of sectors concerned by service concessions Contents SECTION PAGE Executive Summary 1. Introduction and Background 1 2. The Nature of Service Concessions 10 3. The Identification of Service Concession Sectors 20 4. Baseline Description 36 5. Potential Impacts of Legislation 88 6. Sectoral Impacts of Potential Legislation 114 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 166 Annexes – Page A. Definition of service concessions 176 B. Services set out in Annex II of the Classic Directive 177 C. Country summary descriptions 179 Analysis of sectors concerned by service concessions Executive Summary CSES has conducted an analysis of sectors concerned by service concessions over the period from mid-August to early December 2009. The aims of this analysis were : • the determine the sector spread of service concessions in eight Members States (the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, the United Kingdom); • to identify any sectoral issues to be taken into consideration in an assessment of the potential impact of certain legislative provisions that would bring service concessions into the public procurement framework. Service concessions are defined by the ‘Classic’ procurement Directive (2004/18/EC) as follows : ‘Service concession’ is a contract of the same type as a public service contract except for the fact that the consideration for the provision of services consists either solely in the right to exploit the service or in this right together with payment. -
JM Cohen*, AS Barron, RJ Anderson, & DJ Graham
JM Cohen*, AS Barron, RJ Anderson, & DJ Graham IMPACTS OF UNATTENDED TRAIN OPERATIONS (UTO) ON PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN METROPOLITAN RAILWAYS Judith M. Cohen*, Alexander S. Barron, Richard J. Anderson, and Daniel J. Graham Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ Corresponding author: Judith M. Cohen Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)20 7594 3486 Alexander S. Barron Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] Richard J. Anderson Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] Daniel J. Graham Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Centre for Transport Studies, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ E-mail: [email protected] SUBMISSION DATE: 1st August 2014 REVISED SUBMISSION: 14th November 2014 FINAL REVISION FOR PUBLICATION: 13th March 2015 WORD COUNT: 7444 Tables: (0) 0 Figures: (7) 1750 Abstract: 227 Text: 4738 References: 729 1 JM Cohen*, AS Barron, RJ Anderson, & DJ Graham ABSTRACT Urban metro subway systems (metros) around the world are choosing increasing levels of automation for new and existing lines: the global length of metro lines capable of unattended train operation (UTO) is predicted to triple in the next ten years.