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Guía De Capacitación En Educación Ambiental Y Cambio Climático

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Guía De Capacitación En Educación Ambiental Y Cambio Climático GUÍA DE CAPACITACIÓN EN EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y Cambio ClimátiCo Helechos en área protegida Monumento Natural Loma Isabel de Torres. GUÍA DE CAPACITACIÓN EN EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y Cambio ClimátiCo Este documento es gracias a la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID) bajo los términos del Numero de Coope- ración 517 – A – 00 – 07 – 00105 – 00 (Global Sustainable Tourism Alliance ) implementado por su destinatario principal Academy for Educational Development y socios. El contenido y las opiniones expresadas aquí pertenecen a los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las opiniones de la Agen- cia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional, las del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, las de The Nature Conservancy o las de otros socios de la Alianza Dominicana para el Turismo Sostenible. Derecho de Autor The Nature Conservancy Editores Faustina Varela Mejía Eddy Silva Naranjo Coordinadora Faustina Varela Mejía (Onaney). Autores de los Módulos 1. Educación Ambiental Faustina Varela 2. Ecología y Medio Ambiente Elfrida Pimentel Yrvin Noris Pimentel (Coautora colaboradora) 3. La Biodiversidad Theany Sánchez 4. Áreas Protegidas Aleyda Capela 5. Contaminación Ambiental Cándida Domínguez Sandy Feliz 6. Cambio Climático Juan Mancebo 7. Turismo Sostenible Rafael Lorenzo Adriano Galva Matilde Mota (Coautores colaboradores) Revisión de módulos Educación Ambiental Milagros Rodríguez. Turismo Sostenible Lisette Gil Cambio Climático James Rieger Francisco Núñez Revisión de Estilo Adelaida Vizcaíno Rafael Paula 4 Fotografías Jerry Bauer Bienvenida Bauer Juan Pablo Domínguez Jerry Wylie Lissette Gil Jorge Brocca Diseño y Diagramación Huáscar Valdez Índice Datos Generales de la Guía y en todos los Módulos Introducción ..................................................................................................................7 Objetivos Generales .......................................................................................................9 Objetivos Específicos .....................................................................................................9 Sugerencias Metodológicas ............................................................................................10 Evaluación .....................................................................................................................11 MÓDULO I. Educación Ambiental ....................................................................................................12 Tema 1. Origen y Trayectoria de la Educación Ambiental .................................................15 Tema 2. Estrategia para lograr una Verdadera “Education” Ambiental ............................27 Tema 3. Planificación de un Programa de Educación Ambiental .....................................32 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................33 MÓDULO II. Ecología y Conservación del Medio Ambiente ................................................................34 Tema 1. Principios Básicos de Ecología ...........................................................................36 Tema 2. Estructura de los Ecosistemas ............................................................................43 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................52 5 MÓDULO III. La Biodiversidad.............................................................................................................54 Tema 1. La Biodiversidad ................................................................................................58 Tema 2. Importancia de la Diversidad Biológica .............................................................63 Tema 3. Perdida de La Biodiversidad ...............................................................................66 Tema 4. Importancia de la Adaptación de La Biodiversidad al Cambio Climático .............75 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................78 MÓDULO IV. Las Áreas Protegidas como Medio Educativo ..................................................................82 Tema 1. Origen de las Áreas Protegidas ...........................................................................86 Tema 2. Clasificación de las Áreas Protegidas ..................................................................89 Tema 3. Reservas de la Biosfera ......................................................................................94 Tema 4. Factores para Declarar una Áreas Protegida .......................................................97 Tema 5. Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de la República Dominicana ....................100 Tema 6. Amenazas de Áreas Protegidas ...........................................................................104 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................106 MÓDULO V. Contaminación Ambiental .............................................................................................112 Tema 1. Contaminación Ambiental .................................................................................114 Tema 2. Contaminación del Suelo ..................................................................................119 Tema 3. Contaminación del Agua ...................................................................................122 Tema 4. Contaminación por Basura................................................................................127 Tema 5. Contaminación Atmosférica ..............................................................................133 Tema 6. Contaminación por Ruidos ...............................................................................135 Tema 7. Cambio Climático Como Efecto de la Contaminación Atmosférica .....................136 Tema 8. ¿Cómo afecta la Contaminación al Turismo Sostenible? .....................................139 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................140 MÓDULO VI. Cambio Climático ..........................................................................................................142 Tema 1. El Cambio Climático .........................................................................................146 Tema 2. Mitigación del cambio climático ........................................................................152 Tema 3. Vulnerabilidad, Impacto y Adaptación al Cambio Climático ...............................153 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................168 MODULO VII. Turismo Sostenible y Cambio Climático ..........................................................................170 Tema 1. El Turismo .........................................................................................................176 Tema 2. Turismo Sostenible ............................................................................................179 Tema 3. Turismo Sostenible en las Áreas Protegidas ........................................................184 Tema 4. Eventos y Declaraciones en Materia de Turismo..................................................188 6 Actividades Educativas ...................................................................................................192 GLOSARIO....................................................................................................................194 Introducción La educación es clave para generar conciencia y responsabilidad. Por esta razón, República Dominica- na cuenta con una “Estrategia Nacional de Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sustentable”, la cual se enmarca en los principios fundamentales de la ley sobre medio ambiente y recursos naturales 64-00. Esta ley en su capítulo Vll que contiene los artículos referentes a la educación ambiental, enfa- tiza que el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales en coordinación con el Ministerio de Educación, llevará a cabo programas de educación ambiental formal y no formal con la participación de instituciones públicas y privadas que realizan actividades educativas. Ante lo expresado, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) como institución privada sin fines de lucro con el auspicio del programa Alianza Dominicana para el Turismo Sostenible USAID-DSTA y con la cola- boración del Consorcio Dominicano de Competitividad Turística CDCT, gestiona la elaboración de ésta guía de capacitación en educación ambiental y cambio climático, como una manera de formar y sensibilizar a la sociedad, estableciendo directrices que contribuyan con la creación de capacidades a nivel local, regional y nacional. Los temas seleccionados para la formación y sensibilización de la sociedad dominicana son Educación Ambiental, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, La Biodiversidad, Áreas Protegidas, Contaminación Ambien- tal, Cambio Climático y Turismo Sostenible. Los contenidos de estos fueron desarrollados en módulos que al implementarse, promueven la formación en los temas citados, fomentan la conciencia pública y sobre todo fomentan la participación y la solidaridad. La guía está dirigida a tomadores de decisiones, instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, el sector educativo, clústeres de turismo y agricultura, organizaciones campesinas, productores rura- les, redes sociales, empresas privadas, comunicadores sociales, organizaciones
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