Feminist Argumentative Modes and Expectations in Detective Fiction
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RHETORICAL INQUIRY: FEMINIST ARGUMENTATIVE MODES AND EXPECTATIONS IN DETECTIVE FICTION Eden M. Leone A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2015 Committee: Kristine L. Blair, Advisor Catherine Cassara Graduate Faculty Representative Lee Nickoson Sue Carter Wood ii ABSTRACT Kristine L. Blair, Advisor This dissertation reports my study of knowledge making practices used by characters in two forms of popular detective entertainment media: The popular FOX television series Bones, featuring a team of forensic scientists and FBI agents who solve crimes together, and Agatha Christie’s popular detective novel 4:50 from Paddington, featuring the elderly Ms. Jane Marple, who works with her friends and the police to solve a murder. Using the three “ways of knowing” described in Belenky et al’s Women’s Ways of Knowing as heuristic analytical lenses, I perform content analyses on six episodes of the Bones series and the entire 4:50 from Paddington novel to determine how the main characters in each of these popular media create knowledge on their own and with others to solve crimes. I situate my content analysis findings within recent discussions of feminist theory and pedagogical practice to argue that the process of my study, its emphasis on popular media forms, and my findings can contribute to the broader disciplinary understanding of knowledge making within rhetoric and composition as a field of study. iii DEDICATION For my parents: my dad who believed that anything is possible and my mom who proved it. For my partner, best friend, and hubby, Joe Erickson: love and a thousand thanks for being so awesome. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout this entire project Dr. Kris Blair, Dr. Sue Carter Wood, and Dr. Rick Gebhardt have offered their valuable insights on chapter drafts, needed encouragement at every step, and remarkable patience in difficult moments, and I thank them all for their thoughtful attention over the past few years. I would like to give particular thanks to my incredible advisor, Dr. Kris Blair. I thank her for her tireless dedication to ensuring my success in completing this dissertation. It has truly been my privilege to work with her on this project. Additionally, I thank my husband, Joe Erickson, for his companionship and endless support of my work. His presence in my life brings many joys, large and small, for which I will always be grateful. Finally, I’d like to thank Dr. Lee Nickoson, Dr. Catherine Cassara, and Dr. Bill Albertini for their support of my dissertation. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ............................................................ 1 Research Subject and Research Questions ................................................................ 2 Chapter Overview ...................................................................................................... 4 Historical Context – Historical Women Rhetors ....................................................... 4 Aspasia (5th Century BCE) ............................................................................ 6 Christine De Pisan (1365-1430) ..................................................................... 7 Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) ........................................................................ 8 Mary Astell (1666-1731) ............................................................................... 9 Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) ......................................................................... 9 Past to Present – Tracing Feminine Rhetorical Practices .......................................... 12 Theoretical Framework – Women’s Ways of Knowing .............................................. 13 Methods ............................................................................................................ 15 Chapter Overview ...................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2: Theoretical Lenses ....................................................................... 16 Chapter 3: Close Analysis: Bones .................................................................. 16 Chapter 4: Close Reading: 4:50 from Paddington ......................................... 16 Chapter 5: Textual Analysis Implications ...................................................... 17 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 2. FEMINIST RESEARCH METHODS ........................................................... 18 Authorial Knowledge ................................................................................................. 20 vi Intuitive Knowledge ................................................................................................... 21 Collective or Constructive Knowledge ...................................................................... 22 Heuristics ............................................................................................................ 26 CHAPTER 3. BREAKING THE BONES: ANALYZING THE WAYS OF KNOWING FEATURED IN THE BONES TELEVISION SERIES ......................................................... 29 Character Overview ................................................................................................... 30 Findings: Percentage of Authorial Knowledge in Bones Series 1-6 .......................... 32 Findings: Percentage of Intuitive Knowledge in Bones Series 1-6 ............................ 36 Findings: Percentage of Collective Knowledge in Bones Series 1-6 ......................... 37 Findings: Percentage of Character Use of Three Types of Knowledge in Bones Series Seasons 1-6 ............................................................................................................ 39 Analysis: Knowledge Use and Character Background .............................................. 40 Analysis: Interdisciplinarity ....................................................................................... 47 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 52 CHAPTER 4. TRAIN OF THOUGHT: ANALYZING THE WAYS OF KNOWING FEATURED IN AGATHA CHRISTIE’S 4:50 FROM PADDINGTON .............................. 55 Coding Methodology ................................................................................................. 56 Novel Overview ......................................................................................................... 58 Main Character Overview .......................................................................................... 59 The Crackenthorpe Family ............................................................................ 60 Findings: Percentage of Character Use of Three Types of Knowledge in 4:50 from Paddington ............................................................................................................ 61 Findings: Percentage of Authorial Knowledge in 4:50 from Paddington ................. 66 vii Findings: Percentage of Intuitive Knowledge in 4:50 from Paddington ................... 72 Findings: Percentage of Collective Knowledge in 4:50 from Paddington ................ 75 Analysis: Multiple Perspectives ................................................................................. 81 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 83 CHAPTER 5. NO BONES ABOUT IT, THE TRAIN OF THOUGHT CONTINUES ....... 86 Pedagogical Implications ........................................................................................... 88 Research Implications ................................................................................................ 92 Critical Imagination ................................................................................................... 95 Strategic Contemplation ............................................................................................. 98 Social Circulation ....................................................................................................... 99 Globalization ............................................................................................................ 100 Critical Imagination: Spotlighting Bones and 4:50 from Paddington ....................... 101 Strategic Contemplation: Bones and 4:50 from Paddington ..................................... 102 Social Circulation Surrounding Bones and 4:50 from Paddington ........................... 104 Globalization in Bones and 4:50 from Paddington .................................................... 105 The New Framework ................................................................................................. 106 WORKS CITED. ................................................................................................................... 110 APPENDIX A………. ........................................................................................................... 114 APPENDIX B……….. .......................................................................................................... 115 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 3.1 Authorial, Intuitive, and Collective Knowledge Frequency Seasons 1-6 ................ 33 3.2 Percentage of Character Exhibited Authorial