DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecological Aspects of the Macroinvertebrates Associated with Two Submersed Macrophytes in Lake Kariba

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecological Aspects of the Macroinvertebrates Associated with Two Submersed Macrophytes in Lake Kariba ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MACROINVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH TWO SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES IN LAKE KARIBA By Crispen Phiri Thesis Presented for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Zoology UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN FEBRUARY 2010 DECLARATION ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MACROINVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH TWO SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES IN LAKE KARIBA I CRISPEN PHIRI hereby a) grant the University of Cape Town free licence to reproduce the above thesis, in whole or in part, for the purpose of research; b) declare that: i. the work contained in this thesis is my own unaided work, both in concept and execution, and that apart from the normal guidance from my supervisor, I have received no assistance ii. neither the substance nor any part of the thesis has been submitted in the past, or is being, or is to be submitted for a degree in the University or any other University iii. data presented here are original, and any other sources of data are fully acknowledged. SIGNED: ________________________________ DATE: _________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………… ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………… xi CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………….... 1 1.2 Aquatic Macrophytes…………………………………………………………. 2 1.3 Effect of Macrophytes on Water Physicochemical Conditions…………... 3 1.4 Organisms Associated with Aquatic Macrophytes………………………… 5 1.4.1 Periphyton…………………………………………………………………....... 5 1.4.2 Vertebrates…………………………………………………………………….. 6 1.4.3 Epiphytic invertebrates …………………………………………………….... 6 1.5 Factors Structuring Invertebrate Assemblages in Aquatic Ecosystems… 7 1.5.1 Effect of habitat structure on aquatic invertebrates……………………….. 8 1.5.1.1 The habitat heterogeneity hypothesis…………………………………….... 8 1.5.1.2 Aquatic macrophytes and habitat heterogeneity………………………….. 8 1.5.1.3 Habitat heterogeneity and aquatic macrophytes in Lake Kariba………... 10 1.5.2 Biotic interactions and invertebrate assemblages in aquatic ecosystems............................................................................................... 10 1.5.2.1 Predatoy-prey interactions…………………………………………………... 10 1.5.2.1(i) Fish predation……………………………………………………………….... 10 1.5.2.1(ii) Invertebrate predation……………………………………………………….. 12 1.5.2.2 Other biotic factors…………………………………………………………… 13 1.5.3 Habitat complexity, predator-prey relations and macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria……………. 15 1.6 Effect of Climatic Conditions on Aquatic Invertebrates…………………… 15 1.6.1 Temperature: effect on aquatic invertebrates……………………………... 15 1.6.1.1 Climate variability hypothesis and aquatic invertebrates……………….... 16 1.6.2 Other physicochemical characteristics and macroinvertebrate assemblages…………………………………………………………….......... 17 1.6.3 Water physicochemical condition and epiphytic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Lake Kariba……………………………………………….... 18 1.7 Summary………………………………………………………………………. 19 1.8 Justification of the Study ……………………………………………………. 19 i 1.9 Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………………… 22 1.10 Organization of the Thesis ………………………………………………….. 22 CHAPTER 2 STUDY AREA, MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 24 2.2 Study Area ……………………………………………………………………. 24 2.2.1 Lake Kariba …………………………………………………………………… 24 2.2.2 General climatic conditions in the vicinity of Lake Kariba………………… 26 2.2.3 Hydrological and limnological characteristics of Lake Kariba……………. 26 2.2.4 Aquatic macrophytes of Lake Kariba: a historical account………………. 27 2.2.5 Description of Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria………………………………. 30 2.2.5.1 Lagarosiphon………………………………………………………………….. 30 2.2.5.2 Vallisneria…………………………………………………………………….... 31 2.2.6 Shallow inshore fish community of Lake Kariba…………………………... 31 2.3 Materials and Methods……………………………………………………….. 32 2.3.1 Invertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria: effect of plant morphological complexity and water physicochemical properties… 32 2.3.1.1 Site characterisation………………………………………………………….. 32 2.3.1.2 Water physical and chemical characteristics………………………………. 33 2.3.1.3 Epiphytic invertebrates……………………………………………………….. 34 2.3.1.4 Data analysis………………………………………………………………….. 35 2.3.2 Temporal variation and the effect of selected water physical and chemical parameters on macroinvertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon………………………………………………………………….. 36 2.3.2.1 Water physical and chemical characteristics………………………………. 36 2.3.2.2 Macroinvertebrate community structure……………………………………. 36 2.3.2.3 Data analysis………………………………………………………………….. 37 2.3.3 Body size distribution, biomass estimates and life histories of common insect taxa associated with Lagarosiphon................................................ 38 2.3.3.1 Insect body-size measurement and estimation of biomass…………….... 38 2.3.3.2 Data analysis………………………………………………………………….. 39 2.3.4 Effect of plant density on macroinvertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon………………………………………………………………..... 39 2.3.4.1 Measurement and characterisation of vegetation density………………... 39 ii 2.3.4.2 Water physicochemical assessment……………………………………….. 40 2.3.4.3 Macroinvertebrate sampling…………………………………………………. 40 2.3.4.4 Data analysis………………………………………………………………….. 40 2.3.5 Aquatic insects associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria in fishless ponds……………………………………………………………..................... 41 2.3.5.1 Description of ponds………………………………………………………….. 41 2.3.5.2 Culture and maintenance of plants in ponds………………………………. 42 2.3.5.3 Macroinvertebrate sampling and processing…………………………........ 42 2.3.5.4 Water physicochemical assessment……………………………………….. 42 2.3.5.5 Data analysis………………………………………………………………….. 43 2.3.6 The effect of fish predation on macroinvertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria: a pilot study in small ponds…………….... 43 2.3.7 An assessment of short-term survivorship of Ischnura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) naiads at different densities of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus……………………………………………………………………….... 44 2.3.7.1 Vegetation density……………………………………………………………. 45 2.3.7.2 Ischnura naiad size classes and density…………………………………… 45 2.3.7.3 Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) densities……………………………………… 46 2.3.7.4 Recording naiad survival…………………………………………………….. 46 2.3.7.5 Data analysis………………………………………………………………….. 47 CHAPTER 3 INVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH Lagarosiphon AND Vallisneria: EFFECT OF PLANT MORPHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY AND WATER PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………….... 48 3.2 Materials and Methods……………………………………………………….. 49 3.3 Results ……………………………………………………………………….... 50 3.3.1 Site characterisation and water physicochemical variation among sites.. 50 3.3.2 Spatial distribution of Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria…………………….... 50 3.3.3 Spatial aspects of invertebrate assemblages associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria……………………………………………...... 51 3.3.4 Effect of water physicochemical variables on macroinvertebrate assemblage structure……………………………………………………….... 51 3.3.5 Comparative assessment of epiphytic invertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria………………………………………………. 52 iii 3.4 Discussion …………………………………………………………………….. 68 3.4.1 Physicochemical environment and its effect on epiphytic invertebrates... 68 3.4.2 Comparative assessment of invertebrate assemblages on Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria……………………………………………….. 70 3.4.3 Size class distribution of chironomids and two mayfly genus associated with Lagarosiphon and Vallisneria………………………………………….. 76 3.4.4 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………. 77 CHAPTER 4 TEMPORAL VARIATION AND THE EFFECT OF WATER PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON MACROINVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH Lagarosiphon 4.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………….... 79 4.2 Materials and Methods……………………………………………………….. 80 4.3 Results ……………………………………………………………………….... 81 4.3.1 Water chemistry …………………………………………………………….... 81 4.3.1.1 Relationships among water variables………………………………………. 85 4.3.2 Macroinvertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon ………………………. 87 4.3.3 Temporal variation of common macroinvertebrate taxa …………………. 92 4.3.3.1 Turbellaria……………………………………………………………………… 92 4.3.3.2 Naididae……………………………………………………………………….. 92 4.3.3.3 Gastropoda……………………………………………………………………. 92 4.3.3.4 Hydracarina and Conchostraca……………………………………………... 93 4.3.3.5 Ostracoda……………………………………………………………………… 93 4.3.3.6 Ephemeroptera……………………………………………………………….. 94 4.3.3.7 Odonata……………………………………………………………………...... 98 4.3.3.8 Hemiptera & Trichoptera…………………………………………………….. 98 4.3.3.9 Diptera…………………………………………………………………………. 99 4.3.4 Temporal variation in total macroinvertebrate abundance……………….. 100 4.3.5 Relationships among invertebrate taxa…………………………………….. 101 4.3.6 Relationships between macroinvertebrate taxa and water physicochemical variables …………………………………………............. 104 4.3.7 Univariate analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure ……….... 106 4.3.8 Non-parametric multivariate analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure ……………………………………………………………………….. 112 iv 4.4 Discussion …………………………………………………………………….. 118 4.4.1 Invertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon in shallow waters of Lake Kariba…………………………………………………………………………... 119 4.4.2 Temporal aspects in physicochemical conditions…………………………. 121 4.4.3 Effect of water physiochemical characteristics on invertebrates associated with Lagarosiphon………........................................................ 121 4.4.3.1 Effects of water temperature on invertebrates ……………………………. 122 4.4.3.2 Effects water level on invertebrates………………………………………… 126 4.4.3.3 Effects of other water physicochemical variables………………………….
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Freshwater Herring of Lake Tanganyika Are the Product of a Marine Invasion Into West Africa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Marine Archive Marine Incursion: The Freshwater Herring of Lake Tanganyika Are the Product of a Marine Invasion into West Africa Anthony B. Wilson1,2¤*, Guy G. Teugels3, Axel Meyer1 1 Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany, 2 Zoological Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Ichthyology Laboratory, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium Abstract The spectacular marine-like diversity of the endemic fauna of Lake Tanganyika, the oldest of the African Great Lakes, led early researchers to suggest that the lake must have once been connected to the ocean. Recent geophysical reconstructions clearly indicate that Lake Tanganyika formed by rifting in the African subcontinent and was never directly linked to the sea. Although the Lake has a high proportion of specialized endemics, the absence of close relatives outside Tanganyika has complicated phylogeographic reconstructions of the timing of lake colonization and intralacustrine diversification. The freshwater herring of Lake Tanganyika are members of a large group of pellonuline herring found in western and southern Africa, offering one of the best opportunities to trace the evolutionary history of members of Tanganyika’s biota. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that herring colonized West Africa 25–50MYA, at the end of a major marine incursion in the region. Pellonuline herring subsequently experienced an evolutionary radiation in West Africa, spreading across the continent and reaching East Africa’s Lake Tanganyika during its early formation. While Lake Tanganyika has never been directly connected with the sea, the endemic freshwater herring of the lake are the descendents of an ancient marine incursion, a scenario which may also explain the origin of other Tanganyikan endemics.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Coincidence of Ecological Opportunity with Hybridization Explains Rapid Adaptive Radiation in Lake Mweru Cichlid fishes
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13278-z OPEN The coincidence of ecological opportunity with hybridization explains rapid adaptive radiation in Lake Mweru cichlid fishes Joana I. Meier 1,2,3,4, Rike B. Stelkens 1,2,5, Domino A. Joyce 6, Salome Mwaiko 1,2, Numel Phiri7, Ulrich K. Schliewen8, Oliver M. Selz 1,2, Catherine E. Wagner 1,2,9, Cyprian Katongo7 & Ole Seehausen 1,2* 1234567890():,; The process of adaptive radiation was classically hypothesized to require isolation of a lineage from its source (no gene flow) and from related species (no competition). Alternatively, hybridization between species may generate genetic variation that facilitates adaptive radiation. Here we study haplochromine cichlid assemblages in two African Great Lakes to test these hypotheses. Greater biotic isolation (fewer lineages) predicts fewer constraints by competition and hence more ecological opportunity in Lake Bangweulu, whereas opportunity for hybridization predicts increased genetic potential in Lake Mweru. In Lake Bangweulu, we find no evidence for hybridization but also no adaptive radiation. We show that the Bangweulu lineages also colonized Lake Mweru, where they hybridized with Congolese lineages and then underwent multiple adaptive radiations that are strikingly complementary in ecology and morphology. Our data suggest that the presence of several related lineages does not necessarily prevent adaptive radiation, although it constrains the trajectories of morphological diversification. It might instead facilitate adaptive radiation when hybridization generates genetic variation, without which radiation may start much later, progress more slowly or never occur. 1 Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution,UniversityofBern,Baltzerstr.6,CH-3012Bern,Switzerland.2 Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Life History and Production of Mayflies, Stoneflies, and Caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a Spring-Fe
    Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 1083 Life history and production of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a spring-fed stream in Prince Edward Island, Canada: evidence for population asynchrony in spring habitats? Michelle Dobrin and Donna J. Giberson Abstract: We examined the life history and production of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) commu- nity along a 500-m stretch of a hydrologically stable cold springbrook in Prince Edward Island during 1997 and 1998. Six mayfly species (Ephemeroptera), 6 stonefly species (Plecoptera), and 11 caddisfly species (Trichoptera) were collected from benthic and emergence samples from five sites in Balsam Hollow Brook. Eleven species were abundant enough for life-history and production analysis: Baetis tricaudatus, Cinygmula subaequalis, Epeorus (Iron) fragilis,andEpeorus (Iron) pleuralis (Ephemeroptera), Paracapnia angulata, Sweltsa naica, Leuctra ferruginea, Amphinemura nigritta,and Nemoura trispinosa (Plecoptera), and Parapsyche apicalis and Rhyacophila brunnea (Trichoptera). Life-cycle timing of EPT taxa in Balsam Hollow Brook was generally similar to other literature reports, but several species showed extended emergence periods when compared with other studies, suggesting a reduction in synchronization of life-cycle timing, pos- sibly as a result of the thermal patterns in the stream. Total EPT secondary production (June 1997 to May 1998) was 2.74–2.80 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass (size-frequency method). Mayflies were dominant, with a production rate of 2.2 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, followed by caddisflies at 0.41 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, and stoneflies at 0.19 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass.
    [Show full text]
  • FISH4ACP Unlocking the Potential of Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific
    FISH4ACP Unlocking the potential of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific United Republic of Tanzania FISH4ACP aims to strengthen and safeguard the sardine, sprat and perch value chains in Lake Tanganyika by investing in inclusive growth WHAT WE focus to bolster food security for future generations, reduce poverty and on contribute to the conservation of natural resources. → Comprehensive value chain analysis to make Lake VALUE CHAIN AT A GLANCE Tanganyika sardine, sprat and perch sector more Lake Tanganyika sardine (Limnothrissa miodon), sustainable. sprat (Stolothrissa tanganicae) and perch (Lates stappersii) → Enhancement of fish handling and processing methods to limit post-harvest losses and boost fish product quality. → Reduce harmful health impacts of fish smoking and accelerate energy use efficiency by expanding best practice fish-smoking techniques and using kilns. PRODUCTION METHOD VOLUMES * VALUE * → Capacity building on sustainable fishing practices Night fishing Artisanal. Sprat: 30 995 and use of gear. with lights, lamps and USD 117 lift-nets (sprat and sardine). Sardine: 6 315 Vertical handlines, Perch: 22 264 million → Strengthen value chain jigged lines, gill-nets and tonnes governance and empower lift-nets (perch) institutions for sustainable Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, fisheries management. Original Scientific Illustrations Archive. Reproduced with permission Facts figures The& United Republic of Tanzania is Lake Tanganyika’s principal producer of sardine, sprat and perch, accounting for up to 40% of the annual catch. Exports of Lake Tanganyika sprat, sardine and perch from the United Republic of Tanzania were ©FAO Hashim Muumin ©FAO worth USD 1.1 million in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • IN Lake KARIBA ~As Development Ad­ Ndon)
    • View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquatic Commons THE A leA JOU L OF (Afr. J Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish) Yo. 1 1994 ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE lAKE TANGANYIKA SARDINE, LIMNOTHRISSA n illustrated key to the flinji. (Mimeographed MIODON (BOULENGER), IN lAKE KARIBA ~as Development Ad­ ndon). R. HUDDART ision des Synodontis Kariba Research Unit, Private Bag 24 CX, CHOMA, Zambia. e Royal de I'Afrique 'en, Belgium. 500p. Present address:- ~). The ecology of the 4, Ingleside Grove, LONDON, S.B.3., U.K. is (Pisces; Siluoidea) Nigeria. (Unpublished ABSTRACT o the University of Juveniles of U11lnothrissa 11liodon (Boulenger) were introduced into the man-made Lake Kariba in ngland). 1967-1968. Thirty months of night-fishing for this species from Sinazongwe, near the centre of the Kariba North bank. from 1971 to 1974 are described. Biological studies were carried out on samples of the catch during most of these months. Limnological studies were carried out over a period of four months in 1973. Li11lnothrissa is breeding successfully and its number have greatly increased. [t has reached an equilibrium level of population size at a [ower density than that of Lake Tanganyika sardines, but nevertheless is an important factor in the ecology of Lake Kariba. The growth rate, size at maturity and maximum size are all less than those of Lake Tanganyika Li11lnothrissa. A marked disruption in the orderly progression of length frequency modes occurs in September, for which the present body of evidence cannot supply an explanation. INTRODUCTION light-attracted sardines in Lake Kariba were The absence of a specialised, plankti­ tested in 1970 and early 1971.
    [Show full text]
  • Thezambiazimbabwesadc Fisheriesprojectonlakekariba: Reportfroma Studytnp
    279 TheZambiaZimbabweSADC FisheriesProjectonLakeKariba: Reportfroma studytnp •TrygveHesthagen OddTerjeSandlund Tor.FredrikNæsje TheZambia-ZimbabweSADC FisheriesProjectonLakeKariba: Reportfrom a studytrip Trygve Hesthagen Odd Terje Sandlund Tor FredrikNæsje NORSKINSTITI= FORNATURFORSKNNG O Norwegian institute for nature research (NINA) 2010 http://www.nina.no Please contact NINA, NO-7485 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY for reproduction of tables, figures and other illustrations in this report. nina oppdragsmelding279 Hesthagen,T., Sandlund, O.T. & Næsje, T.F. 1994. NINAs publikasjoner The Zambia-Zimbabwe SADC fisheries project on Lake Kariba: Report from a study trip. NINA NINA utgirfem ulikefaste publikasjoner: Oppdragsmelding279:1 17. NINA Forskningsrapport Her publiseresresultater av NINAs eget forskning- sarbeid, i den hensiktå spre forskningsresultaterfra institusjonen til et større publikum. Forsknings- rapporter utgis som et alternativ til internasjonal Trondheimapril 1994 publisering, der tidsaspekt, materialets art, målgruppem.m. gjør dette nødvendig. ISSN 0802-4103 ISBN 82-426-0471-1 NINA Utredning Serien omfatter problemoversikter,kartlegging av kunnskapsnivået innen et emne, litteraturstudier, sammenstillingav andres materiale og annet som ikke primært er et resultat av NINAs egen Rettighetshaver0: forskningsaktivitet. NINA Norskinstituttfornaturforskning NINA Oppdragsmelding Publikasjonenkansiteresfritt med kildeangivelse Dette er det minimum av rapporteringsomNINA gir til oppdragsgiver etter fullført forsknings- eller utredningsprosjekt.Opplageter
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Biodiversity Observations http://bo.adu.org.za An electronic journal published by the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town The scope of Biodiversity Observations consists of papers describing observations about biodiversity in general, including animals, plants, algae and fungi. This includes observations of behaviour, breeding and flowering patterns, distributions and range extensions, foraging, food, movement, measurements, habitat and colouration/plumage variations. Biotic interactions such as pollination, fruit dispersal, herbivory and predation fall within the scope, as well as the use of indigenous and exotic species by humans. Observations of naturalised plants and animals will also be considered. Biodiversity Observations will also publish a variety of other interesting or relevant biodiversity material: reports of projects and conferences, annotated checklists for a site or region, specialist bibliographies, book reviews and any other appropriate material. Further details and guidelines to authors are on this website. Lead Editor: Arnold van der Westhuizen – Guest Editor: K-D B Dijkstra SHOOT THE DRAGONS WEEK, ROUND 1: ODONATAMAP GROWS BY 1,200 RECORDS Les G Underhill, Alan D Manson, Jacobus P Labuschagne and Ryan M Tippett Recommended citation format: Underhill LG, Manson AD, Labuschagne JP, Tippett RM 2016. Shoot the Dragons Week, Round 1: OdonataMAP grows by 1,200 records. Biodiversity Observations 7.100: 1–14. URL: http://bo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=293 Published online: 27 December 2016 – ISSN 2219-0341
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Characters
    40 Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation: Final Report Leon C. Hinz Jr. and James N. Zahniser Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois 30 April 2015 INHS Technical Report 2015 (31) Prepared for: Illinois Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant Program (Project Number T-88-R-001) Unrestricted: for immediate online release. Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Brian D. Anderson, Interim Executive Director Illinois Natural History Survey Geoffrey A. Levin, Acting Director 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6830 Final Report Project Title: Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation. Project Number: T-88-R-001 Contractor information: University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability Illinois Natural History Survey 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 Project Period: 1 October 2013—31 September 2014 Principle Investigator: Leon C. Hinz Jr., Ph.D. Stream Ecologist Illinois Natural History Survey One Natural Resources Way, Springfield, IL 62702-1271 217-785-8297 [email protected] Prepared by: Leon C. Hinz Jr. & James N. Zahniser Goals/ Objectives: (1) Review all SGNC listing criteria for currently listed non-mollusk invertebrate species using criteria in Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, (2) Assess current status of species populations, (3) Review criteria for additional species for potential listing as SGNC, (4) Assess stressors to species previously reviewed, (5) Complete draft updates and revisions of IWAP Appendix I and Appendix II for non-mollusk invertebrates. T-88 Final Report Project Title: Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Some Lake Ecosystems in Tropical Africa, with Special Reference to the Invertebrates
    Biol. Rev. ( 1974), 49. PP- 365-397 365 BRC PAH 49-10 DEVELOPMENT OF SOME LAKE ECOSYSTEMS IN TROPICAL AFRICA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INVERTEBRATES By A. J. M cL A C H L A N Zoology Department, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, Britain {Received 22 January 1974) CONTENTS I n t r o d u c t i o n .......................................................................................................... 365 Man made lakes ........... 369 Lakes Kariba and Volta . 371 The pre-impoundment catchment . .371 The filling p h a s e .................................................................................................372 (а) Physical and chemical characteristics ...... 372 (i) Turbidity .......... 372 (ii) Nutrient salts .......... 372 (iii) O x y g e n .................................................................................................373 (iv) Organic matter ......... 373 (б) Animals and p la n t s ............................................................................. 374 (i) Explosive population growth ....... 374 (ii) Distribution p a t t e r n s ....................................................................375 (c) Conclusions ........... 378 The post-filling phase .......... 378 (a) The role of submerged woodland ....... 380 (b) Development of the mud habitat ....... 382 (c) Rooted aquatic plants as a habitat for sedentary animals . 384 (d) Fluctuations in lake level ........ 385 (e) Conclusions ........... 388 Equilibrium p h a s e .................................................................................................388
    [Show full text]
  • Dosdall and Lehmkuhl 1979 Qev15n1 3 116 CC Released.Pdf
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF SASKATCHEWAN LLOYD M. DOSDALL1 Biology Department University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N0W0 D.M. LEHMKUHL Biology Department University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Quaestiones Entomologicae S7N0W0 15:3-116 1979 Forty-one species, twenty-nine genera and eight families of Plecoptera are recorded from Saskatche wan. Distinguishing characters are given and keys are provided. Species recorded are: Pteronarcys dorsata (Say), Pteronarcella badia (Hagen), Taeniopteryx nivalis (Fitch), Oemopteryx fosketti (Packer), Capnia coloradensis Claassen, Capnia confusa Claassen, Capnia gracilaria Claassen, Capnia vernalis Newport, Paracapnia angulata Hanson, Isocapnia crinita (Needham and Claassen), Isocapnia missourii Ricker, Utacapnia trava (Nebeker and Gaufin), Nemoura rickeri Jewett, Shipsa rotunda (Claassen), Amphinemura linda (Ricker), Zapada cinctipes (Banks), Malenka californica (Claassenj, Podmosta delicatula (Claassen, Paraleuctra vershina Gaufin and Ricker, Leuctra ferruginea (Walker), Acroneuria abnormis (Newman), Acroneuria lycorias (Newman), Hesperoperla pacifica (Banks), C'laassenia sabulosa (Banks), Paragnetina media (Walker), Perlesta placida (Hagen), Isoperla bilineata (Say),
    [Show full text]
  • (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Fish-Eating Birds from Zimbabwe
    Article — Artikel First record of Contracaecum spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in fish-eating birds from Zimbabwe M Barsona* and B E Marshalla 2002), of which the reed cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus (Gmelin, 1789), the ABSTRACT white-breasted cormorant P.carbo (L.), the Endoparasites of fish-eating birds, Phalacrocorax africanus, P.carbo, Anhinga melanogaster and darter Anhinga melanogaster Lacapéde & Ardea cinerea collected from Lake Chivero near Harare, Zimbabwe, were investigated. Adult Dauchin, 1802, and the grey heron Ardea Contracaecum spp. were found in the gastrointestinal tract (prevalence 100 % in P.africanus, P. carbo and A. melanogaster;25%inA. cinerea). Parasite intensity was 11–24 (mean 19) in cinerea (L.), were selected because of their P. africanus, 4–10 (mean 7) in P. carbo, 4–56 (mean 30) in A. melanogaster and 2 (mean 0.5) in abundance on the lake. A. cinerea. The cormorants fed mainly on cichlid fishes and carp; the darters and the grey herons on cichlids. All these fishes are intermediate hosts of Contracaecum spp. Scanning MATERIALS AND METHODS electron microscopy revealed that Contracaecum rudolphii infected both cormorant species Four reed cormorants, 4 white-breasted and darters; C. carlislei infected only the cormorants while C. tricuspis and C. microcephalum cormorants, four darters and four grey infected only the darters. Parasites from the grey heron were not identified to species herons were shot with a 0.22 rifle and a because they were still developing larvae. These parasites are recorded in Zimbabwe for the 12-bore shotgun firing buckshot at Lake first time. Chivero. Their beaks were sealed with Key words: Contracaecum, Lake Chivero, mean intensity, nematode, parasite prevalence, rubber bands to prevent the escape of piscivorous bird, Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]