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Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
Wilderness on the Edge: A History of Everglades National Park Robert W Blythe Chicago, Illinois 2017 Prepared under the National Park Service/Organization of American Historians cooperative agreement Table of Contents List of Figures iii Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Footnotes xv Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s 1 Chapter 2: Early Conservation Efforts in the Everglades 40 Chapter 3: The Movement for a National Park in the Everglades 62 Chapter 4: The Long and Winding Road to Park Establishment 92 Chapter 5: First a Wildlife Refuge, Then a National Park 131 Chapter 6: Land Acquisition 150 Chapter 7: Developing the Park 176 Chapter 8: The Water Needs of a Wetland Park: From Establishment (1947) to Congress’s Water Guarantee (1970) 213 Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project 237 Chapter 10: Wilderness Values and Wilderness Designations 270 Chapter 11: Park Science 288 Chapter 12: Wildlife, Native Plants, and Endangered Species 309 Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay 353 Chapter 14: Control of Invasive Species and Native Pests 373 Chapter 15: Wildland Fire 398 Chapter 16: Hurricanes and Storms 416 Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources 430 Chapter 18: Museum Collection and Library 449 Chapter 19: Relationships with Cultural Communities 466 Chapter 20: Interpretive and Educational Programs 492 Chapter 21: Resource and Visitor Protection 526 Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military -
Everglades National Park and the Seminole Problem
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK 21 7 Invaders and Swamps Large numbers of Americans began migrating into south Florida during the late nineteenth century after railroads had cut through the forests and wetlands below Lake Okeechobee. By the 1880s engineers and land developers began promoting drainage projects, convinced that technology could transform this water-sogged country into land suitable for agriculture. At the turn of the cen- EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK AND THE tury, steam shovels and dredges hissed and wheezed their way into the Ever- glades, bent on draining the Southeast's last wilderness. They were the latest of SEMlNOLE PROBLEM many intruders. Although Spanish explorers had arrived on the Florida coast early in the sixteenth century, Spain's imperial toehold never grew beyond a few fragile It seems we can't do anything but harm to those people even outposts. Inland remained mysterious, a cartographic void, El Laguno del Es- when we try to help them. pirito Santo. Following Spain, the British too had little success colonizing the -Old Man Temple, Key Largo, 1948 interior. After several centuries, all that Europeans had established were a few scattered coastal forts. Nonetheless, Europe's hand fell heavily through disease and warfare upon the aboriginal Xmucuan, Apalachee, and Calusa people. By 1700 the peninsula's interior and both coasts were almost devoid of Indians. Swollen by tropical rains and overflowing every summer for millennia, Lake The vacuum did not last long. Creeks from Georgia and Alabama soon Filtered Okeechobee releases a sheet of water that drains south over grass-covered marl into Florida's panhandle and beyond, occupying native hunting grounds. -
10R.3 the Tornado Outbreak Across the North Florida Panhandle in Association with Hurricane Ivan
10R.3 The Tornado Outbreak across the North Florida Panhandle in association with Hurricane Ivan Andrew I. Watson* Michael A. Jamski T.J. Turnage NOAA/National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida Joshua R.Bowen Meteorology Department Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida Jason C. Kelley WJHG-TV Panama City, Florida 1. INTRODUCTION their mobile homes were destroyed near Blountstown, Florida. Hurricane Ivan made landfall early on the morning of 16 September 2004, just west of Overall, there were 24 tornadoes reported Gulf Shores, Alabama as a category 3 across the National Weather Service (NWS) hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Tallahassee forecast area. The office issued Scale. Approximately 117 tornadoes were 130 tornado warnings from the afternoon of 15 reported associated with Ivan across the September until just after daybreak on 16 southeast United States. Eight people were September. killed and 17 were injured by tornadoes (Storm Data 2004; Stewart 2004). The most The paper examines the convective cells significant tornadoes occurred as hurricane within the rain bands of hurricane Ivan, which Ivan approached the Florida Gulf coast on the produced these tornadoes across the Florida afternoon and evening of 15 September. Panhandle, Big Bend, and southwest Georgia. The structure of the tornadic and non-tornadic The intense outer rain bands of Ivan supercells is examined for clues on how to produced numerous supercells over portions better warn for these types of storms. This of the Florida Panhandle, Big Bend, southwest study will focus on the short-term predictability Georgia, and Gulf coastal waters. In turn, of these dangerous storms, and will these supercells spawned dozens of investigate the problem of how to reduce the tornadoes. -
Florida National Scenic Trail (U.S
The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) is America’s premier federal program that reinvests offshore energy revenue into conservation to ensure that we all have access to the outdoors. Whether it is a local community park or playground, or the vast expanses of our federal public lands, Congress created the LWCF over a half-century ago to guarantee America’s natural, historical and outdoor recreation heritage. TELL YOUR ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT YOUR CONNECTION TO THESE LWCF PLACES NEAR YOU. Project overviews courtesy of the LWCF Coalition. lwcfcoalition.com Project Name/Unit: Florida National Scenic Trail (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, NPS) LWCF Contribution: $18 million Stakeholders Involved: Florida Trail Association Keywords/Characteristics (eg. rec access, drinking water, consolidating maintenance): Recreation access, water resource protection, habitat conservation, consolidating maintenance, finishing our parks/trails Short Description: The Florida National Scenic Trail (commonly known as the Florida National Scenic Trail Florida Trail) currently offers more than 1,100 miles of long distance hiking, from Credit: USFS Big Cypress National Preserve in the south to Gulf Islands National Seashore in the northwest panhandle, crossing three national forests and the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. Because of the variety of environments along the trail, from swamps and beaches, to forests and rivers, activities such as biking, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, paddling, camping, and hunting are encouraged. The trail is within easy access of many of the nation’s most densely populated communities and is hailed as a great escape into the outdoors for adventurers. Since the trail was founded in 1966, over $18 million in LWCF funding has been invested in trail lands, but 300 miles of trail are still in limbo and need protection. -
Soil Survey of Escambia County, Florida
United States In cooperation with Department of the University of Florida, Agriculture Institute of Food and Soil Survey of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Agricultural Experiment Escambia County, Resources Stations, and Soil and Water Conservation Science Department; and the Service Florida Department of Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services How To Use This Soil Survey General Soil Map The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area. Detailed Soil Maps The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet. Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. -
Ernest Coe and the Fight for Everglades National Park Chris Wilhelm
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2010 Prophet of the Glades: Ernest Coe and the Fight for Everglades National Park Chris Wilhelm Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES PROPHET OF THE GLADES: ERNEST COE AND THE FIGHT FOR EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK By CHRIS WILHELM A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2010 The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Chris Wilhelm defended on March 24, 2010. __________________________________ Fritz Davis Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ Anthony Stallins University Representative __________________________________ Ron Doel Committee Member __________________________________ Jennifer Koslow Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My family, especially my parents Margann and Jim Wilhelm, deserve enormous thanks. I can only imagine what went through their minds when their oldest son told them he was going to study history for a living. Despite this impractical decision, they have been extremely supportive, both emotionally and at times, financially. Aimee Griffith was present in my life for most of my graduate school career. She was frequently the emotional crutch I leaned upon when I studied for my comprehensive exams and when I faced the daunting task of writing the first words of this dissertation. Beth Woodward helped me in the final months of this project, often reading and critiquing the manuscript and offering encouragement. -
2017 Registration Brochure Single Pages Updated 4-10.Pub (Read
In Partnership With Greater Pensacola, Fort Walton Beach & Tallahassee 8:30 am - 9:30 am Symposium Registration Open ~ Continental Breakfast 9:30 am - 9:45 am Welcome & Opening Remarks 9:45 am - 10:45 am It Does Amazing Things •Rolando Cruz, Kindred at Home, Pensacola FL 10:45 am - 11:00 am Refreshment Break 11:00 am - 12:00 pm The Dementia Care and Cure Initiative •Korinna MacNeill, Florida Department of Elder Affairs, Tallahassee FL 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Networking Lunch 1:15 pm - 2:15 pm Concurrent Workshops Nutrition for Healthy Aging •Jessica Blessing, Baptist Healthcare, Pensacola FL Making a Difference - LGBT Aging Issues •Melissa Featherstone, LCSW, Pensacola FL 2:15 pm - 3:15 pm Concurrent Workshops Safe Mobility for Life •Gail Holley, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee FL Care Partnering in All Settings: Principles of Eden at Home •Christopher Mulroney, Florida Pioneer Network, Tallahassee FL 3:15 pm - 3:30 pm Refreshment Break 3:30 pm - 5:00 pm Hospice/Palliative Care Panel •Megan Heaton, Emerald Coast Hospice, Pensacola FL; Kelly Markham, Baptist Healthcare, Pensacola FL; Candace McKibben, Big Bend Hospice, Tallahassee FL, Jonnie Burch, Regency Hospice, Pensacola FL and Angela Bottesini, Covenant Care, Pensacola FL 5:30 pm - 7:00 pm Let’s Get Acquainted ~ Free Drink & Light Hors d'oeuvres •Entertainment 9:00 am - 9:15 am Symposium Registration Open 9:15 am - 9:25 am Welcome & Opening Remarks 9:30 am - 10:15 am Fall Prevention and Dementia Care and Cure Initiative •Anne Avery, Florida Department of Elder Affairs, -
Florida Forest Service James R. Karels, State Forester
Florida Forest Service James R. Karels, State Forester The forest needs of Florida’s citizens are much greater than many realize, often impacting our lives in ways that we may not always see. It is estimated that the average person utilizes 40 products a day that are derived from the forest. This not only includes the obvious products such as lumber and paper, but items such as toothpaste, ice cream, film, cellophane, tape, adhesives, and enhancements for many of the foods we eat and drink. There are well over 5,000 different products that come from forests. Of course, there are many other benefits we derive from forests, such as clean air, clean water, recreation and an enhanced environment. Currently the forest industry is the leading agricultural industry in Florida and second only to tourism in total impact on the state’s economy. The timber industry also provides numerous jobs, outdoor recreation opportunities for millions of visitors each year. Forestry is about balancing the ecological, social and economic needs of our state. Educating our citizens about proper forest management practices will help ensure that forests will be healthy and that the forest industry remains a viable commodity for future generations. The purpose of this book is to reach out to our youth to teach them good forestry practices. Jim Karels State Forester, Florida Forest Service Table of Contents For the Teacher, Sunshine State Standards . ii Part One: Introduction . 1 Introduction . 3 History of Florida’s Forests . 4 Forest Communities . 7 Succession . 8 The Tree . 8 Dendrology . 10 Part Two: Forest Management . -
Broadcasting a Dec?
The Fifth Estate D1.0 T E L E V I S I O N C A B L E Broadcasting A Dec? "The success of Geraldo is welcome news:' The Manta Journal 761 in Atlanta, WSB #1 in Denver, !NSA #1 in Detroit, WDIV #1 in Miami, WPLG // 1 in San Francisco, KRON \y IIV.II'If 1973' ZIT9£ v 113MXdW S051 901fl ZZ T Mlp02i S rS-ltlV It N ZS /ACN NIA 44£ßl ZTI4£ /NC MI/Mlle' IN OTHER WORD MARVFLOUS!`` ..,ew World Television presents our all -time fayorite superheroes... ow e r" th Ira NEW WORLD TELEVISION GROUP 16 West 61st Street, 10th floor, New York, NY 10023 (212) 603 -7713, Telex: 428443 LCA, Fax: (212) 582-5167 All Marvd Comics Characters: TM & x_1987 Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. NATIONAL ADVERTISING SALES HANDLED BY TELETRIB (212) 750-9190 Hitch a ride on a proven winner! Number one in family one hour programs, HIGHWAY TO HEAVEN is quality entertainment the coun- try has taken to heart. It's everything you need to pave the way to programming success! NEW WORLD TELEVISION GROUP French Victor and Landon Michael Starring ( r Whey Do Radio Station Tow Call Americom? Americom closed over 80 percent of the listings we accepted in 1985 and 1986. Americom is consistently able to get high prices because we understand radio station values. Ask the former owners of WLIF(FM) Baltimore ( $25,000,000 cash), KIXL/KHFI Austin ( $25,000,000 cash), WSIX(AM/FM) Nashville ( $8,500,000), and KAPE/KESI San Antonio ( $9,270,000 cash). -
Broadcasting Ii
First draft's out on fall's prime time A triumphant ABC -TV celebrates in Los Angeles ii BroadcastingThe newsweekly of broadcasting and allied arts MayOur 46th Year 1977 Other animal shows come and go, but... WE'RE BETTER THAN EVER! NOW IN OUR 5TH CONTINUOUS YEAR OF NEW PRODUCTION DIDYOU SEE OUR WI NNIN&4es IN THE FEB. SWEEPS? WILD,WILD WORLD OF ANIMALS NARRATED BY WILLIAM CONRAD 129 HALF -HOURS IN COLOR FOR LOCAL PRIME -TIME ACCESS PROGRAMMING -OR ANY OTHER SPOT IN YOUR SCHEDULE WILD WILD WORLD OF ANIMALS is so successlul because t s not the same old stock footage you ve seen before II s produced especially for television by Time-Lite Television film crews all Over the world TIME LIFE1 NOTE: Since these programs are primarily designed to further understanding of the natural sciences, they are properly identifiable as' instructional" for FCC logging purposes. TELEVISION 5151E 8 LIFE BUILDING NEW YORK. N Y 10020 (7171556-7759 AILANIA CHICAGO LOS ANGELES A Time -Life Television Production 1404)659-8050 17121 467.9700 12131365.8151 !:ofl't expect a a eke younr aduik dudÏenc-: from stations! WPIX -TV New York XETV San Diego KCOP Los Angeles KCRA TV Sacramento WPHL-TV Philadelphia KPHO-TV Phoenix KTVU San Francisco WTLV Jacksonville WIIC -TV Pittsburgh WDEF TV Chattanooga WCCO -TV Minneapolis WCSC -TV Charleston, S.C. WSB -TV Atlanta WJRT -TV Flint -S -Bay City KBMA-TV Kansas City KVOS -TV Bellingham WKRC-TV Cincinnati They have "The Rookies"! This Spelling/Goldberg action -adventure sensation captured the highest average number of young women and men viewers (both 18 -34 and 18 -49!) in its time period over 4 prime -time seasons. -
Continuous Stream Discharge, Salinity, and Associated Data Collected in the Lower St
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Continuous Stream Discharge, Salinity, and Associated Data Collected in the Lower St. Johns River and Its Tributaries, Florida, 2016 Open-File Report 2018–1108 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Front: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) site 02246621, Trout River near Jacksonville, Florida. Photo by Corin Downs. Back: Site 022462002, Durbin Creek near Fruit Cove, Florida. Photos by Patrick J. Ryan. Continuous Stream Discharge, Salinity, and Associated Data Collected in the Lower St. Johns River and Its Tributaries, Florida, 2016 By Patrick J. Ryan Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Open-File Report 2018–1108 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2018 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. -
2016 Edition TABLE of CONTENTS PARTICIPATINGVISIT NATURAL COUNTIES NORTH FLORIDA
BikingGUIDE POWERED BY 2016 Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS PARTICIPATINGVISIT NATURAL COUNTIES NORTH FLORIDA 1 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 5 Bell Loop 6 Bowlegs Mainline Loop 7 Cedar Key 8 Cross City Mainline Loop 9 Florida's Big Bend Coastal Tour 11 Florida's Ichetucknee-O'leno State Trail 12 Florida's Nature Coast State Trail 13 Florida's Ochlockonee Bay Bike Trail 14 Four Freedoms Trail 15 Four Springs Loop 16 Gainesville to Lake Butler 17 Grand North Florida Tour 19 Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail 20 Jasper to White Springs 21 Lake City - Lakes Loop 22 Madison County 100-Mile Loop 23 Mayo Loop 24 Mayo to R.O. Ranch 25 Monticello Century Loop 26 Moticello 60-Mile Loop SPONSORS OF VNNF 27 Palatka - Lake Butler State Trail 28 Perry to Econfina State Park 29 Santa Fe Lake Loop 30 Starke - Lake Butler Loop 31 Steinhatchee to Perry 32 Tallahassee - St. Marks Historic Railroad State Trail 33 Trenton Loop 34 Woodpecker Loop Funding provided by the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity. 1 2 FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT VNNF.ORG/BIKE-GUIDE FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT VNNF.ORG/BIKE-GUIDE 23 The two multi-day routes are not segmented by day. Rather, given significant differences in the INTRODUCTION abilities of riders, it is left up to them to determine how many miles can be ridden in a day and to plan overnight stays accordingly. The routes are available through the Visit Natural North Florida website. Please visit us at www.vnnf.org/bikeguide. The website provides maps, elevations, cue sheets and descriptions.