4-8 RS.130/- IAS 2020 POLITICAL SCIENCE TEST SERIES By: Dr. PIYUSH CHAUBEY TEST: 4 www.iasscore.in Political Science Test Series 2020 TEST - 04 POLITICAL SCIENCE Time Allowed: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 250 SECTION - A 1. Comment on the following topics in about 150 words each: (a) Lobbing in India should be legalized. (10) (b) Indian parties and their attitude towards federalism (10) (c) People’s movement and social transformation (10) (d) Bhoodan movement and its contribution to land reforms in India. (10) (e) The difference between protests and Social movements in India. (10) 2. Attempt all the questions: (a) Comment on the nature of linguistic politics in India and its evolution in the past decades. (15) (b) Analyse the role of pressure groups in policy formulation. (15) (c) Indian Constitution provides essential features of a federation, but it differs from the typical federal systems of the world in certain fundamental aspects. Discuss the differences. (20) 3. Attempt all the questions: (a) What was the Congress/Nehruvian Consensus regarding the social-economic development of freeGS GSGSIndia? Explain. SCORESCORESCORE (15) (b) Caste and Class in India have their distinct identities in terms of structure and economic status. Is this a universal truth in India or does it have certain exceptions? Give your views. (15) (c) In spite of the weak constitutional position in Indian federalism, occasionally, the states have asserted themselves. Elaborate by giving examples. (20) 4. Attempt all the questions: (a) Discuss evolution of women movement in India, how far is it correct to say it is not an independent, autonomous movement? (15) (b) Nature and Evaluation of Land Reforms in India after Independence. (15) (c) Various factors influence the formation of political parties and their attitude towards federal polity help us to understand their impact on federalizing process. Examine the given statement. (20) Political Science [1] SECTION - B 5. Comment on the following topics in about 150 words each: (a) Ethnic movements in North East India (10) (b) Is caste inequality and expression of colonial modernity or a resultant of Brahmanical tradition? (10) (c) What are the major issues and challenges of environmental movements in India? Discuss its nature, strategies and methods of protest. (10) (d) Party system is in transition in India. (10) (e) The evolving profile of legislators in the Indian parliament. (10) 6. Attempt all the questions: (a) Discuss the major functions and performance of mechanisms designated to resolve inter-state conflicts. (15) (b) Critically analyse the impact of Green Revolution on Indian Agriculture. (15) (c) Religion was used as force for supporting or opposing the British in India or for separating which led to different political functions of religion during the colonial rule. Examine the given statement. (20) 7. Attempt all the questions: (a) Analyse the various issues and challenges of Human rights movement in India? (15) (b) Is it correct to say that the interstate water dispute tribunals have become a barrier to development? What role does the constitutional exception given by Supreme Court to tribunals played in this context? (15) (c) Discuss the stages in Relationship Between Caste and Politics. (20) 8. Attempt all the questions: (a) Through political party competition, the social divisions of a deeply divided society get expressed. Discuss the above statement with specific reference to social mobilization by politicalGSGSGS parties SCORESCORESCORE in India. (15) (b) Comment on the trends in coalition politics in India after 1967. How has disappearance of Congress Dominance and emergence of coalition politics impacted contemporary Indian politics? (15) (c) Discuss the differences between social movement and new social movements between developing and industrialised country. (20) [2] Political Science Political Science Test Series 2020 www.iasscore.in POLITICAL SCIENCE Answer Hints: Test No.4 SECTION - A 1. (a) Lobbing in India should be legalized. • Approach Required: Provide arguments both for and against the idea of Lobbying. Content should be centered around the relevance of Lobbying as per conditions specific to India. • Mistakes to be avoided: No need to elaborate too much on what Lobbying is. Focus more on adding more and more arguments. Lobbyists provide governments with valuable policy-related information and expertise but if the activity is not transparent, public interest may be put at risk in favour of specific interests. India currently does not have a law to regulate lobbying. But recent corruption scandals involving lobbying by big businesses have increased public pressure for a law to regulate the activity. The factors which advocate legalizing lobbying in India are as follows: • It will provide a clear transparent ground for the same efforts which are underway in politics. The public will be clearly aware of the intensity and scale of efforts from various non-political bodies in public decision making and it will help reducing corruption and also will put a check to crony capitalism and the unholy nexus between corporates, bureaucracy and politicians. • This will provide ample opportunity to all groups to take an active part in decision making compared to the present scenario where this advantage only goes to those sections which are generally considered close to the political class. But at the same time, there are several reasons which argue against the case for legalizing lobbying in India: • Compared to USA, there are multiple groups in existence in India with communal and sectarian interests and objectives. Once lobbying is legalized, these groups will get an open field to influence the law makers and this will result in deformation of the political scenario where money power will override the sense of public morality. • In country where caste and religion play a massive role in determining the course of national politics, legalized lobbying will result in an open struggle between various caste and communal groups and this might result in law and order problems ranging from excessive use of money power to increased opportunism among legislators since they will have the freedom to choose that interest group which gives them maximum benefits. • All the interest groups do not enjoy the same kind of strength in terms of financial power and public relations. For e.g. Corporate organizations and big business houses can easily undermine the opinion of worker unions. The recent example of Radia tape controversy shows that corporates in India have already developed mechanism to influence even the highest echelons of central government. Organizations which represent the economically weaker strata of Indian society like Dalit’s, tribal, peasants, students and workers might not have the resources to protect themselves against the other powerful groups and would be adversely affected. • In India, the individual in a single instance can be a member of multiple interest groups and legalized lobbying might result in same individual experiencing antagonistic interests on the same issue. For example in case of seasonal migration of workers from rural areas to nearby towns is a common phenomenon in India. Now a law regulating the unorganized labour sector might result in identification of the same person either as an industrial worker or as a farmer but not both. Similar situations can occur in case of caste vs religion, religion vs region interest groups, thus doing more than good. Therefore the legalizing of lobbying in India is a decision which has to be taken with a lot of caution and only after taking into consideration the above factors. 1. (b) Indian parties and their attitude towards federalism • Approach Required: Try to elaborate how Major Indian political parties view the present federal set up and what changes they prefer to implement. • Mistakes to be avoided: Don’t just focus on present day parties. Try to include some historical and regional party examples as well. • Political parties grow out of various forces, personalities and historical developments and act as a major force in the federalizing process. Their attitude towards ‘federal polity’ helps us to understand their impact on it. • The Indian National Congress has always stood for a strong Centre. The Hindu Mahasabha also favors strong centre and would like the abrogation of article 370, which provides special status to Jammu and Kashmir. • The Swatantra Party wanted redistribution of power and responsibility so as to give States larger responsibilities. It also preferred the idea of referring inter-state disputes to a standing judicial body for final verdict. According to Bhartiya Jana Sangh a strong centre was an imperative need of the country’s political situation. It preferred a unitary constitution with federal characteristics. It wanted the full integration of the State of Jammu and Kashmir with the Indian Union. • The BJP wants that Articles 352,356 and 360 should be reviewed so as to avoid their misuse. The formation of an Inter-StateGSGSGS Council SCORESCORESCORE under Article 263 should be made mandatory. Article 370 being a transitory article should be deleted. According to BJP decentralization is imperative but nothing should be done that may weaken the unity of the country. • The communist Party of India stands for removal of all injustice and discrimination against states. It demands wider power and authority, particularly in financial and economic matters, be given to the states of the Indian Union. It also favours